Forms of Energy
AZ State Standards
• Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder
• Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred.
• PO 1. Describe the following ways in which energy is stored in a system:
• Mechanical, electrical, chemical, nuclear
•
• PO 2. Describe various ways in which energy is
transferred from one system to another (e.g., mechanical contact, thermal conduction, electromagnetic radiation.)
Content Objectives
• SWBAT differentiate between the different forms of energy by listing them and
explaining how energy is stored or transmitted.
Energy is Measured in Joules
• It takes 4.18 Joules to heat 1 gram of water by 1°C.
• Power is the measurement of energy per second. It is measured in watts.
• 1 watt = 1 joule per second
Three Ways Energy Can Be Transferred
Conduction
• Direct transfer as molecules strike each other
Convection
• Movement of hot molecules by differential densities.
• Only occurs in fluids (liquids and gases).
Radiation
• Energy released as electromagnetic radiation based on its temperature
Kinetic vs Potential Energy
• What’s the difference? Ask your partner…
• Kinetic energy is the energy of motion based on its speed and mass.
• Potential energy is the stored energy available if it is allowed to begin motion.
Kinetic Energy
• Radiant Energy: electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves.
Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation
• Radiowaves (very long wavelength (λ), low energy)
• Microwaves (long λ, low-medium energy)
• Infrared (medium λ, medium energy)
• Visible Light (medium-small λ, medium energy)
• Ultraviolet (small λ, medium-high energy)
• X-rays (small λ, high energy)
• Gamma rays (very small λ, very high energy)
Black Box Radiation
• All matter in the universe releases energy.
• The type of energy is based on its temperature.
• Cold things only release low energy radiation like radiowaves.
• Hot things release infrared or even go to visible light if hot enough.
Infrared Imaging
• Warmer things release more infrared radiation than cooler objects.
Kinetic Energy
Thermal Energy, or heat, is the internal energy in substances - the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances.
Geothermal energy is an example.
Kinetic Energy
Electrical Energy is the movement of electrical charges.
Applying a force or energy source to an atom can make some of the electrons move. Electrical charges moving through a wire is called electricity. Lightning is another example of electrical energy.
Kinetic Energy
Motion Energy is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another. Objects and substances move when a force is applied according to Newton’s Laws of Motion. Wind is an
example of motion energy.
Kinetic Energy
Sound is the movement of energy through substances in
longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate––the
energy is transferred through the substance in a wave.
Potential Energy
Stored Mechanical Energy is energy stored in objects by the
application of a force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of stored mechanical energy.
Potential Energy
Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together.
Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are examples of stored chemical energy.
Potential Energy
• Nuclear Energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom–
–the energy that holds the nucleus together. The energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart. Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of uranium atoms in a process called fission. The sun combines the nuclei of hydrogen atoms in a process called fusion.
Potential Energy
Gravitational Energy is the energy of position or place. A rock resting at the top of a hill contains gravitational potential energy.
Hydropower, such as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an of example gravitational potential energy.
Potential Energy
Magnetism is the attraction of atoms of opposite polarity.
Two magnets will attract each other or repel each other and this energy can be stored by securing them slights apart
from each other.
Kinetic energy is motion––of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects.
Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position–
–gravitational energy. There are several forms of potential energy.
Radiant Energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, x- rays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant energy. Solar energy is an example of radiant energy.
Thermal Energy, or heat, is the internal energy in substances––the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy.
Electrical Energy is the movement of electrical charges.
Applying a force or energy source to an atom can make some of the electrons move. Electrical charges moving through a wire is called electricity. Lightning is another example of electrical energy.
Motion Energy is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another. Objects and substances move when a force is applied according to Newton’s Laws of Motion. Wind is an example of motion energy.
Sound is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate––the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave.
Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are examples of stored chemical energy.
Stored Mechanical Energy is energy stored in objects by the application of a force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of stored mechanical energy.
Nuclear Energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom––the energy that holds the nucleus together. The energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart. Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of uranium atoms in a process called fission. The sun combines the nuclei of hydrogen atoms in a process called fusion.
Gravitational Energy is the energy of position or place. A rock resting at the top of a hill contains gravitational potential energy. Hydropower, such as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an of example gravitational potential energy.
Magnetism is the attraction of atoms of opposite polarity. Two magnets will attract each other or repel each other and this energy can be stored by securing them slights apart from each other.
Content Objectives
• SWBAT differentiate between the different forms of energy by listing them and
explaining how energy is stored or transmitted.
