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LONGMAN

DICTIONARY

LONGMAN

~

> 1

DICTIONARY

11

Pearson Education Limited

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Essex CM20 2JE

England

and Associated Companies throughout the World

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Pearson Education Limited 2000

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored

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elec-tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the

prior written permission of the Publishers.

First published 2000

06

08

09

0 7

₀₅

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication

Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

 Library

of Congress

cata/oging

in

publication

data

Longman phrasal verbs dictionary: over 5000 phrasal verbs.

p. cm.

I. English language-Verb phrase-Dictionaries.

I. Title: Phrasal verbs

dictionary. 11.Longman (Firm: New York, N.Y.)

PE1319 .L66 2000

423'.I-dc21

Words that the editors have reason to believe constitute trademarks have

been described as such. However, neither the presence nor the absence

of such a description should be regarded as affecting the legal status of 

any trademark.

ISBN

o

_{582 291836 (Cased edition)}

o

_{582 291828 (Paperback edition)}

Set in 8/8.3 Stempel Schneidler by Peter White

&

_{Peter Wray}

Printed in China

PPLC/04

CONTENTS

 page

Acknowledgements

vii

Guide to using the dictionary

viii

Introduction

xi

The dictionary. . . . .

I

Phrasal verb activator

Clothes

275

Computers

276

Continue

277

Drinking

278

Driving

279

Eating

280

L eave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 81

Like/dislike

282

Love

&

_friendship

₂₈₃

On the telephone

284

Problems

285

Sleeping

&

awake

286

Start

287

Stop. . . .

288

TV/radio/lights/machines

289

Weather

290

Irregular verbs

605

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Director

Della Summers

Production Manager

Clive McKeough

Project Manager

Alan Savill

Project Coordinator

Denise Denney

Editorial Manager

Sheila Dallas

Production Editor

Andrew Taylor

Design

Jenny Fleet

Keyboarder

Pauline Savill

Production Assistant

Susan Braund

Proofreaders

Alison Steadman

Gerard Delaney

Cover

Andrea Hoyle

Editorial Director

Adam Gadsby

Publishers

Laurence Delacroix

Emma Campbell

Managing Editor

Chris Fox

Editors

Sheila Dignen

Ted Jackson

[o Leigh

Evadne Adrian-Vallance

Lexicographers

Elaine Pollard

Korey Egge

Evadne Adrian-Vallance

[o Leigh

Ted Jackson

Martin Stark

W e w ould like to acknow ledge

the developm ent

w ork done for this

project by Robert Alien.

viii

GUIDE TO USING THE

DICTIONARY

M A IN V E RB

FORMS OF THE VERB

Past tense, past

participle, and present

participle of main verb

P HR AS AL V ER B

Phrasal verbs are listed

under main verbs in

alphabetical order:

FREQUENCY STAR

Commonly used phrasal

verbs are marked with a star:

GRAMMAR PATTERNS

show whether the

phrasal verb has an object,

and where you put the

object. The object is written

as

'5th' 

or

_{'sb ',}

FIXED PHRASE

Fixed phrases that contain

a phrasal verb are shown

in bold,

USAGE NOTE

This gives you extra

information about when to

use the ph rasal verb,

GRAMMAR HELP

This tells you if the phrasal

verb is used or not in the

passive or progressive,

LABELS

Labels tell you if a verb

IS

formal, informal, spoken,

or literary English,

DEFINITION

Definitions are written using

the 2000-word Longman

defining vocabulary, which

makes them clear and easy

to use.

LABELS

Labels also tell you if a verb

is only used in American

English

(A m E )

or British

English

(8 rE ).

SIMILARTO

references show verbs and

phrasal verbs with

similar meaning.

OPPOSITE

references show verbs and

phrasal verbs with opposite

meaning.

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions used with the

phrasal verb are shown in

bold.

RELATED NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

These are shown after the

sense of the phrasal verb

they refer to.

xi

INTRODUCTION

  I. What is a phrasal verb?

A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words. Most phrasal verbs consist of two words - the first word is a verb, and the second word is a particle. The particle is either an adverb or a preposition. Examples of common phrasal verbs include get up,

go off, turn on, make out, and deal with. There are also some three-word phrasal

verbs, for example catch up with, look forward to.

An important feature of phrasal verbs is that they are typically idiomatic. Therefore the

whole meaning of a phrasal verb cannot be understood by simply putting together the

meanings of its individual parts. For example, the meaning of 

cany out

(=do) in the

sentence

Scientists carried out an experiment 

is not related to the normal meaning of 'carry'

or the meaning of 'out'. Similarly, you could not guess the meaning of pull up (=stop)

in the sentence

A car pulled up outside the house

from the separate meanings of 'pull' and

'up'. A phrasal verb such as answer back (=answer rudely) is related to the meaning

of the verb 'answer', but this would not help you to guess the meaning of  answer

back.

Where a verb freely combines with an adverb or preposition to produce an ordinary

meaning, this is NOT a phrasal verb. In sentences such as

The boy fell off his bike

and

W e

carried some chairs out into the garden,

'fall off' and 'carry out' are not phrasal verbs.

  2. Types of  phrasal verb included  in this dictionary

• idiomatic combinations of VERB + ADVERBIPREPOSmON of the type described

above

• verbs that only exist in combination with a particular preposition or adverb, such

as rely on, amount to, gee up; and also verbs that only produce a particular meaning when combined with a particular prepositon or adverb, such as deal with, abide by, relate to

• VERB +_{ADVERB combinations that mean almost the same as the verb itself: eg eat}

up, hurry up, toil away, where the adverb adds emphasis or an idea of 

completeness or continuity to the action of the verb

• phrasal verbs that always have 'it' as their object: eg hit it off, jump to it, slug it out

• reflexive phrasal verbs, where the object is always 'myself', 'yourself', 'itself' ete: eg

pride yourself on, avail yourself of, lend itself to

NB Do not expect to find fixed idiomatic phrases such as 'step out of line' and 'eat your

heart out' in this book. You can find them in the

Longman Idioms Dictionary.

  3. How do I find the phrasal verb I want

in

this dictionary?

First look for the main verb. Phrasal verbs are listed alphabetically according to their

particles after each main verb. When you get to the phrasal verb you want, you will find that the senses of each phrasal verb are listed in order of frequency. This means that the commonest meanings are listed first. The commonest and most useful phrasal

verb meanings have a

i~

next to them, so that you can see which are the most

important ones to know, •

For example, suppose you are looking for get up, meaning to 'get out of bed'. First look 

for the main verb GET.

Get up

is near the end of the phrasal verbs in GET, after phrasal

verbs such as get about, get ahead, and get together.

You then need to look for which sense of  get up you want. The sense of  get up meaning to 'get out of bed' is the first sense given. This means that it is the most

xii

frequently used sense - in this dictionary the senses of the phrasal verbs are listed in order of frequency, so the most frequent sense comes first.

  4. Grammar information

The new

Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary

demonstrates clearly how phrasal verbs are used, with grammar patterns shown at each sense. These show whether a phrasal verb takes an object, where the object goes, and whether the object is human or non-human. Grammar patterns are also placed in order of frequency.

For example, at

tum on

(=make something start working), there are two grammar patterns:

Iturn on

I s t h l

Iturn

I~

These patterns show that the object can come either after the phrasal verb or between the verb and the particle.

NB The examples also show how this phrasal verb is used, and how the position of  the object can vary -

I turned on the radio and listened to the

6

o'clock news.

I

Could you turn

the oven on if you're going into the kitchen?

I

Marion walked over to the overhead projector and 

turned it on.

At

nod off 

(=start to go to sleep), there is only one grammar pattern:

I

_nod

offI

This grammar pattern shows that the verb does not take an object. The examples also show this:

Old Tom had nodded off in front of the television.

I

_{I missed the end of her lecture - I think I must} 

have nodded off.

At

join in

(=take part in an activity with other people) the grammar patterns are:

Ijoin inl Ijoin in ~

These grammar patterns show that

join in

can be used without an object, or with an object immediately after the phrasal verb. The examples also show this:

When we come to the chorus, I want everyone to join in.

I

Politely, he joined in the laughter.

At

talk into

(=persuade someone to do something, especially something they are unwilling to do), the following grammatical pattern is shown:

I

_talk

_{[ S b ]}

_into

I~

This shows that

talk into

must have two objects, the first is a person (sb), and the second is a thing (5th). The examples also show this:

  I should never have let you talk me into this crazy scheme.

I

"Why did you go with him?" "Wen

he sort of talked me into

it!"

Separable phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs such as

turn on, put off,

and

rip off,

all of which can take an object in the middle of the phrasal verb or after the phrasal verb, are usually called 'separable' phrasal verbs. With separable phrasal verbs, the following rules apply:

If the object is a pronoun, such as 'it', 'her', 'them', 'me', 'you' etc, it must come between the verb and the adverb: eg

tum off  If you're n ot listening to the radio, I'll turn it 

off.

(NOT

I'll turn off it.)

If the object is a long phrase, it should come at the end, after the phrasal verb:

eg carry out

The French carried out a series of six nuclear tests.

xiii

  5. Other useful information in this dictionary

Synonyms and opposites

A synonym is a word or phrase that has the same meaning as another word. If a phrasal verb has a synonym or a word that has almost the same meaning, this is shown at the end of that sense of the phrasal verb. The synonym can be a verb, a phrasal verb,

or a verb phrase. The synonym(s) are introduced by the words 'SIMILAR TO'. Here are

some examples:

At put off  (=delay doing something until later, or arrange for something to happen at a later time)

SIMILARTO, postpone

At head for (=go towards a place)

SIMILARTO, make for

At put on (=make a light or machine start working)

SIMILARTO, switch on, turn on

Opposites are shown as follows:

turn up (=increase the amount of sound, heat etc)

OPPOSITE,turn down

Information about whether or not a phrasal verb is passive

Phrasal verbs that are usually passive are marked 'USUALLY PASSNE'. Phrasal verbs that

are never used in the passive are marked 'NOT PASSNE'. If a phrasal verb is only normally

used in the passive, it is shown in its passive form in bold at the head of the entry. For

example, at be booked up (=there are no more seats, rooms, places etc available

-used in British English), only the form be booked up is shown.

Related nouns or adjectives

Nouns and adjectives which are related to a phrasal verb are shown after the meaning

of the phrasal verb that they are derived from. For example, blackout (noun) appears

after the phrasal verb black out (=suddenly become unconscious), and made-up

(adjective) appears after the phrasal verb make up (=invent a story, name etc)

 Labels

The following labels are used in this dictionary:

E rE 

used in British English

 AmE 

used in American English

spoken

used mainly in spoken English

informal

used when speaking or writing to people that you know well

 formal

used in speeches, in serious or official writing, but not in ordinary conversation

old-fashioned 

used by people in the past, although you may sometimes hear it being used now

used in literature but not in ordinary conversation

used when talking or writing about specific technical subjects which are not familiar to most ordinary people

this expression is extremely rude and offensive and you should not use it

literary

technical

taboo