The Military Balance 1973

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A D D I T I O N A L S T A T E M E N T S A D D I T I O N A L S T A T E M E N T S T H E 5 0 T H A N N I V E R S A R Y O F T H E T H E 5 0 T H A N N I V E R S A R Y O F T H E S A L I S B U R Y , M D „ T I M E S S A L I S B U R Y , M D „ T I M E S Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, a few Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, a few days ago, the Salisbury Times on days ago, the Salisbury Times on Mary-land’s Eastern Shore celebrated its 50th land’s Eastern Shore celebrated its 50th anniversary. As one who has passed the anniversary. As one who has passed the same mileston

same milestone myself, I cae myself, I ca n testify thatn testify that it is of no little significance to have it is of no little significance to have done so. The Times began as a brave done so. The Times began as a brave ex-periment in daily journalism for a small periment in daily journalism for a small town out of the mainstream. One need town out of the mainstream. One need only note that in its early days, before only note that in its early days, before teletypewriters hat. been invented, the teletypewriters hat. been invented, the pape

pape r was r was forced to decode news accounforced to decode news accountsts sent over a Western Union telegraph sent over a Western Union telegraph ticker from Philadelphia. It was still a ticker from Philadelphia. It was still a time when the horses stabled at city time when the horses stabled at city hall automatically dashed for the fire hall automatically dashed for the fire house when the fire alarm sounded, to house when the fire alarm sounded, to draw the steam boiler fire engines. This draw the steam boiler fire engines. This and other recollections of earlier days and other recollections of earlier days were printed in the Times in its edition were printed in the Times in its edition of Sunday, December 2. It is interesting of Sunday, December 2. It is interesting to note that the issue's lead editorial to note that the issue's lead editorial noting the anniversary does not really noting the anniversary does not really look backward,

look backward, but rather but rather concerns concerns itself itself with the problems and prospects facing with the problems and prospects facing Salisbury in the next 50 years. I take this Salisbury in the next 50 years. I take this as a sign that the vigor and spirit of the as a sign that the vigor and spirit of the Tim

Tim is is is is undiminished, undiminished, and I urge theand I urge the readin

readin g of g of this editorial as tonic tthis editorial as tonic to thoseo those who think they have seen all too much who think they have seen all too much of life. I ask unanimous consent that of life. I ask unanimous consent that It be prin

It be prin ted .'n ted .'n thetheR e c o r d .R e c o r d .

There being no objection, the editorial There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the

was ordered to be printed in the R e c o r d ,R e c o r d , as follows:

as follows: I

I Prom Prom the Salisbury the Salisbury (Md(Md .) .) Times, Dec. 2Times, Dec. 2.. 19731

19731

F

Fii ff t i e t ht i e t h AAn n in n i v e rv e r s a r y s a r y

Th

Th e e DaDa ily ily and and SuSu ndnd ay ay TiTi mm es es marmar ks ks ItsIts 50th anniversary at this time of the year. 50th anniversary at this time of the year. On Monday. Dec. 3, the front page flag will On Monday. Dec. 3, the front page flag will carry the notatio

carry the notatio n: n: "Vol. 51, "Vol. 51, No. 1No. 1.” Trans.” Trans latlat-ed Into layman's language, this means the ed Into layman's language, this means the first Issue of

first Issue of the 51st yearthe 51st year.. T

T hihi s s newnew spaspa per per was was laulau ncnc hehe d d on on a a wavwav ee of great optimism 50 years ago. Events have of great optimism 50 years ago. Events have proved tha

proved tha t Its organizers and those who havet Its organizers and those who have carried on as correct In the view that carried on as correct In the view that Salis-bury should and would become the largest bury should and would become the largest city on the Eastern Shore. When all of Del city on the Eastern Shore. When all of Del marva Is Included, it has to be said that marva Is Included, it has to be said that Dover, Del., Is giving us a good race, though. Dover, Del., Is giving us a good race, though. We are situated at the crossroads of the We are situated at the crossroads of the peninsula. We are now building a bypass to peninsula. We are now building a bypass to carry heavy northsouth traffic around the carry heavy northsouth traffic around the city. Our Salisbury Parkway, carrying east city. Our Salisbury Parkway, carrying east west traffic, appears adequate for the job west traffic, appears adequate for the job In the years ahead, though the day must In the years ahead, though the day must come when a complete beltway will be come when a complete beltway will be needed.

needed.

Who can say when that will be or what Who can say when that will be or what will Salisbury

will Salisbury's 's futurfutur e be? e be? The good The good citizenscitizens who began publication of a dally newspaper who began publication of a dally newspaper here In 1923 planted one of the seeds that here In 1923 planted one of the seeds that helped to produce the area's growth. We are helped to produce the area's growth. We are now a shopping center for a region—for now a shopping center for a region—for both goods and services and employment. both goods and services and employment. Cultural Improvements are coming along Cultural Improvements are coming along with a university branch and a college with a university branch and a college near-by. We bear little resemblance to Salisbury by. We bear little resemblance to Salisbury of

of 50 50 years ago.years ago. Th

Th e e meme n n whwh o o oror gaga nini zeze d d ThTh e e TiTi mm es es momo rere than half a century ago are now gone. Moat than half a century ago are now gone. Moat of them would agree that the awakening of of them would agree that the awakening of Salisbury from small country town to Salisbury from small country town to re-gional center has progressed beyond their gional center has progressed beyond their

fondest dreams. fondest dreams.

What of the next half century? Who can What of the next half century? Who can say? But for those who get a zest out of say? But for those who get a zest out of

life—

life— who enjoy Innovation and challwho enjoy Innovation and challengeenge—— It’s bound to be an exciting 50 years.

It’s bound to be an exciting 50 years.

T

T hh e e MM ii ll ii tt aa rr y y BB aa ll aa nn cc ee 197374197374

FOREWORD FOREWORD

(By the Editors of Air

(By the Editors of Air Force Magazine)Force Magazine) For the third successive year, AIK FORCE For the third successive year, AIK FORCE Magazine is

Magazine is privileged to present “The Mprivileged to present “The M ili- ili-tary Balance" as an exclusive feature of its tary Balance" as an exclusive feature of its December

December issueissue..

“The Military Balance." compiled by The “The Military Balance." compiled by The International Institute for Strategic Studies, International Institute for Strategic Studies, London. Is an annual, quantitative London. Is an annual, quantitative assess-ment of the military power and defense ment of the military power and defense ex-penditures of countries throughout the penditures of countries throughout the world.

world. Th

Th e e InIn tete rnrn atat ioio nana l l InIn stst itit uu te te fofo r r StSt rara tete gicgic Studies was founded in 1958 as a center for Studies was founded in 1958 as a center for research and discussion In defense, arms research and discussion In defense, arms control, disarmament, and related areas. It control, disarmament, and related areas. It has ear

has earned worldwide ned worldwide recognition recognition asas thth e e auau --thority

thority In its fielIn its field.d.

As in the past, “The Balance" Is arranged As in the past, “The Balance" Is arranged with national entries grouped with national entries grouped geograph-ically, with special reference to the principal ically, with special reference to the principal defense pacts and alignments. Included In defense pacts and alignments. Included In the section on the US and USSR Is an the section on the US and USSR Is an assess-ment of the strategic nuclear balance ment of the strategic nuclear balance be-tween the two superpowers. There also is a tween the two superpowers. There also is a separate section on the European theater separate section on the European theater balance bet

balance between Nween N ATO ATO and the Warsaw Pact.and the Warsaw Pact. In

In preparing “preparing “ The The Military Military Balance 19Balance 197733// 74" for our use, the staff of AIR FORCE 74" for our use, the staff of AIR FORCE Magazine has retained the Institute’s Magazine has retained the Institute’s sys-tem of abbreviating military weapons and tem of abbreviating military weapons and units as well as British spelling and usage. units as well as British spelling and usage. A list of the abbreviations used in the text A list of the abbreviations used in the text appears Immediately after this introduction. appears Immediately after this introduction. Because of space limitations, some tabular Because of space limitations, some tabular material on defense expenditures of NATO material on defense expenditures of NATO countries, their expenditures by functional countries, their expenditures by functional categories, comparison of divisional categories, comparison of divisional estab-lishments, and military assistance lishments, and military assistance agree-ments negotiated since the last Iss

ments negotiated since the last Issue of “ue of “ TheThe Balance” have been excluded, as has an Balance” have been excluded, as has an ap-pendix, “The Statistics of Mutual Force pendix, “The Statistics of Mutual Force Reductions."

Reductions."

“The Military Balance" examines the facts “The Military Balance" examines the facts of military power as they existed In July 1973 of military power as they existed In July 1973 (before the October Middle East war). No (before the October Middle East war). No projections of

projections of force force levellevels or weapons beyonds or weapons beyond 1973 have been provided, except where 1973 have been provided, except where ex-plicitly stated. The result should not be plicitly stated. The result should not be regarded as a comprehensive guide to the regarded as a comprehensive guide to the bal-ance of military power: In particular, the ance of military power: In particular, the study does not reflect the facts o

study does not reflect the facts o f geography,f geography, vulnerability, or efficiency, except where these vulnerability, or efficiency, except where these are touched on the essays on balances. are touched on the essays on balances.

Figures for defense expenditures are the Figures for defense expenditures are the latest avail

latest available. ONP able. ONP figurfigures given es given are usual-are usual-ly at market prices. In addition to the ly at market prices. In addition to the esti-mates of current defense expenditure and mates of current defense expenditure and GNP

GNP in the Individual county entries, similarin the Individual county entries, similar Information on the principal countries Information on the principal countries cov-ered. for this year and previous years. Is ered. for this year and previous years. Is col-lected In tables beginning on p. 110. Because lected In tables beginning on p. 110. Because estimates of defense expenditure and GNP estimates of defense expenditure and GNP have been amended in the case of certain have been amended in the case of certain countries, figures will not In all cases be countries, figures will not In all cases be directly comparable with those In previous directly comparable with those In previous editions of “The Military Balance." Where a editions of “The Military Balance." Where a

$ sign appears, it refers, unless otherwise $ sign appears, it refers, unless otherwise stated, to United States dollars.

stated, to United States dollars. In

In order to make comparison easiorder to make comparison easier, nation-er, nation-al currency f

al currency figures were converted by the Inigures were converted by the In --stitute into United States dollars at the rate stitute into United States dollars at the rate prevailing on July 1, 1973, generally as prevailing on July 1, 1973, generally as re-ported to the International Monetary Fund ported to the International Monetary Fund

(IM

(IM F). F). An exceptAn exception Iion Is the Soviet Net Mate-s the Soviet Net Mate-rial Product, which has been converted to rial Product, which has been converted to dollars at the rate of 0.72 roubles=$l.

dollars at the rate of 0.72 roubles=$l. (See p.(See p. 67 for more detail on Soviet defense expen- 67 for more detail on Soviet defense expenditures.)

ditures.) Further exceptions are certain East Further exceptions are certain East European countries that are not members of European countries that are not members of the IMF and Rumania (which is), for which the IMF and Rumania (which is), for which conversion rates used are taken from US conversion rates used are taken from US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Arms Control and Disarmament Agency pub-lication ACDA/E207, December 1971. In all lication ACDA/E207, December 1971. In all cases, the conversion rates used are shown in cases, the conversion rates used are shown in the country entry, but may not always be the country entry, but may not always be applicable to commercial transactions. applicable to commercial transactions.

Th

Th e e mama npnp owow er er figufigu res res gigi veve n n are. are. unlesunles ss otherwise stated, those of regular forces. An otherwise stated, those of regular forces. An Indication of the size of militia, reserve, and Indication of the size of militia, reserve, and paramilitary forces Is also Included In the paramilitary forces Is also Included In the country entry where appropriate. country entry where appropriate. Paramili-tary forces are here taken to be forces whose tary forces are here taken to be forces whose equipment and training goes beyond that equipment and training goes beyond that re-quired for civil police duties and whose quired for civil police duties and whose con-stitution and control suggest that they may stitution and control suggest that they may be usable In support of, or In lieu of, regular be usable In support of, or In lieu of, regular forces.

forces.

Equipment figures In the country entries Equipment figures In the country entries cover total holdings, with the exception of cover total holdings, with the exception of combat aircraft, where frontline squadron combat aircraft, where frontline squadron strengths are normally shown. Except where strengths are normally shown. Except where the contrary Is made clear, naval vessels of the contrary Is made clear, naval vessels of less than 100 tons structural displacement less than 100 tons structural displacement have been excluded. The term "combat have been excluded. The term "combat air-craft" used In the country entries comprises craft" used In the country entries comprises only bomber, fighterbomber, strike, only bomber, fighterbomber, strike, inter-ceptor, reconnaissance, counterinsurgency, ceptor, reconnaissance, counterinsurgency, and armed trainer aircraft

and armed trainer aircraft (( ii ..e.,e., aircraft nor- aircraft nor-mally equipped and configured to deliver mally equipped and configured to deliver ordnance).

ordnance).

Where the term "m

Where the term "m ile" is usile" is used wheed when in-n in-dicating the range or radius of weapon dicating the range or radius of weapon sys-tems. It means a statute mile.

tems. It means a statute mile. T

T hh e e InIn stst ituitu te te assumes assumes fufu ll ll rere spsp onon sibsib ilitilit yy for the facts and judgments contained In the for the facts and judgments contained In the study that follows. The cooperation of the study that follows. The cooperation of the governments Involved was sought and. In governments Involved was sought and. In many cases, received. Not all countries were many cases, received. Not all countries were equally cooperative, and some figures were equally cooperative, and some figures were necessarily estimated.

necessarily estimated. Photographs

Photographs and captions have been addedand captions have been added by A

by A IR IR FORCE Magazine, and we assFORCE Magazine, and we assume fullume full responsibility for them.

responsibility for them.

T T hh ee E Ed id i t o rt o r ss.. a b b r a b b r e v i a t ie v i a t i o n so n s AA—Anticraft. AA—Anticraft. AAM—

AAM— AlrtoAlr missAlrtoAlr missilile (se (s ).). AB—

AB— Airborne.Airborne. ABM—

ABM— AntlbAntlb alllstlc alllstlc missmissile.ile. Ac—Aircraft.

Ac—Aircraft. AD—

AD— Air DefensAir Defense.e. AEW—

AEW— Airborne early Airborne early warning.warning. AFV—

AFV— ArmoArmoureured d fightfighting vehicle(sing vehicle(s ).). A

A PC—PC— Armoured personnel carrierArmoured personnel carrier (s).(s). Armd—Armoured.

Armd—Armoured. Arty—Artillery. Arty—Artillery. ASM—A

ASM—A lrtlrtosurface missiosurface missile le (s(s ).). ASW—

ASW— AntisAntisubmarine ubmarine warfawarfare.re. A

A T T OO WW —— AA nn titi tata nk nk gugu ideide d d ww eaea pp onon s(s( s)s) .. ATk—Antitank.

ATk—Antitank. AW

AW X—X— Allweather Allweather figfighter.hter. Bbr—Bomber. Bbr—Bomber. Bde—Bridgade. Bde—Bridgade. Bn—Battalion. Bn—Battalion. Bty—Battery. Bty—Battery. Cav—

Cav— CavalryCavalry.. Cdo—

Cdo— Commando.Commando. CENTO—

CENTO— Central Central TreaTrea ty ty Organization.Organization. COIN—CounterInsurgency. COIN—CounterInsurgency. Comm—Communicati Comm—Communication.on. Coy—Company. Coy—Company. DDG—

DDG— Destroyer, Destroyer, guided missilguided missile.e. DEO—Destroyer, escort, guided missile. DEO—Destroyer, escort, guided missile. Det—Detachment

Det—Detachment.. Div—

Div— Division.Division. DLG—

DLG— Destroyer/leader, Destroyer/leader, guided missile.guided missile. THE MILITARY BALANCE 197374

THE MILITARY BALANCE 197374 Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, in-serting lengthy articles in the

serting lengthy articles in the C o n g r e s -C o n g r e s -s i o n a l R e c o r d

s i o n a l R e c o r d is not particularly a habitis not particularly a habit of mine, but the Air Force Magazine for of mine, but the Air Force Magazine for December of 1973 has placed the entire December of 1973 has placed the entire military balance in this world in such an military balance in this world in such an understandable and relatively simple understandable and relatively simple form that I think it would be of value form that I think it would be of value for my colleagues to peruse. I ask for my colleagues to peruse. I ask unan-imous consent that this excellent article imous consent that this excellent article be printed in the

be printed in theR e c o r d .R e c o r d .

There being no objection, the article There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the

was ordered to be printed in the R e c o r d ,R e c o r d , as follows:

as follows:

December 12, 1973

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December 12, 1973

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Engr—Engineer. Engr—Engineer. Eqpt—Equipment Eqpt—Equipment.. Excl—Excluding. Excl—Excluding. FB—Fighterbomber. FB—Fighterbomber. FGA

FGA —— Fighter, grFighter, ground attack.ound attack. FPB—Fast patrol boat(s). FPB—Fast patrol boat(s).

GM—

GM— Guided missiGuided missile.le. GNP

GNP —— GrosGross s National Product.National Product. GP

GP —G—G eneral pureneral purpose.pose. Gp—

Gp— GroGroup.up.

GW—Guided weapon. GW—Guided weapon. Hel—Hellcopter(s). Hel—Hellcopter(s). How—Howitzer(s). How—Howitzer(s). HQ—

HQ— HeadquHeadquarterarters.s. Hy—

Hy— HeavyHeavy..

ICBM—wintercontinental ballistic. ICBM—wintercontinental ballistic. mlssle(s).

mlssle(s).

ICBM—Intercontinental ballistic ICBM—Intercontinental ballistic mis-sile (s). sile (s). Incl—Including. Incl—Including. Indep—Independe Indep—Independent.nt. Ini—Infantry. Ini—Infantry.

IRBM—Intermediaterange ballistic IRBM—Intermediaterange ballistic mis-sile

sile (s(s ).). K

K T—T— Klloton Klloton (1(1.0.000 00 tons tons TNTN T equivalenT equivalen t).t). LOT—Landing craft, tank.

LOT—Landing craft, tank. Log—Logistic.

Log—Logistic. LPH

LPH —Landing platform, —Landing platform, helihelicoptecopter.r. LST—Landing ship, tank.

LST—Landing ship, tank. Lt—Light.

Lt—Light. MCM—

MCM— Mine Mine countecountermeasrmeasures.ures. Mech—Mechanized.

Mech—Mechanized. Med—Medium. Med—Medium. MIRV

MIRV —— Multiple Multiple independentindependentlytalytargetablrgetablee reentry vehicl

reentry vehicle (se (s ).). Misc—

Misc— Miscellaneous.Miscellaneous. Mk—

Mk— MarMark.k. Mob—

Mob— Mobile.Mobile. Mor

Mor—— MortMortar (sar (s ).). Mot—

Mot— Motorized.Motorized. MR

MR —— Maritime reconnaiMaritime reconnaissancssance.e. MRBM—

MRBM— MediumrMediumrange ange balliballistic missile(s)stic missile(s) RV—Multiple reentry vehlcle(s). RV—Multiple reentry vehlcle(s). Msl—Missile.

Msl—Missile. M

M T—T— Megaton (1 millMegaton (1 million toion tons ns TNTN T equiv-T equiv-alent).

alent). MTB—M

MTB—M otor totor torporpedo boaedo boa t(s).t(s).

NATO—North Atlantic Treaty NATO—North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-tion. tion. Para—Parachute. Para—Parachute. Pdr—Pounder. Pdr—Pounder. Recce—

Recce— Reconnaissance.Reconnaissance. Regt—

Regt— RegimentRegiment.. Rkt—Rocket. Rkt—Rocket. RL—

RL— Rocket launRocket launcher cher (s(s ).). SACEUR—

SACEUR— Supreme Allied Commander,Supreme Allied Commander, Europe.

Europe. SAM—

SAM— SurfacetoaiSurfacetoair r missmissile ile (s).(s). SAR—Search and rescue. SAR—Search and rescue.

SEATO—SouthEast Asia Treaty SEATO—SouthEast Asia Treaty Organi-zation.

zation. SHAPE—

SHAPE— Supreme HeadquarSupreme Headquarters, Alliedters, Allied Power in Europe.

Power in Europe. Sig—

Sig— SignalSignal..

SLBM—Submarinelaunched ballistic SLBM—Submarinelaunched ballistic mis-sil sile (s)e (s) .. SP—Selfpropelled. SP—Selfpropelled. Sqn— Sqn— Squadron.Squadron. SRBM—

SRBM— Shortrange Shortrange ballistic ballistic missimissiles les (s)(s) .. SSBN—Ba

SSBN—Ba llistic missillistic missile submarine le submarine (s)(s) , n, n u- u-clear.

clear.

SSM—Surfacetosurface misslle(s). SSM—Surfacetosurface misslle(s). SSN—Submarine (s

SSN—Submarine (s ), nucl), nuclear.ear.

S/VTOL—Short/vertical takeoff or S/VTOL—Short/vertical takeoff or land-ing. ing. T T kk —— TaTa nknk .. Tp Tp —— TrTr oooo p.p. T

T pp t—t— TraTra nsns porpor t.t. T

T rgrg —— TrTr ainain inin g.g.

T

T hh ee UUn in i t et e dd SSt a t e st a t e s aa nn dd T T hh ee SSo vo v ii e te t UUn in i oo nn

Th

Th e e yeye ar ar afaf tete r r the the MaMa y y 1971972 2 SoSo vivi etet AA mm erer --ican Interim Agreement on the limitation o ican Interim Agreement on the limitation o ff offensive missiles provided little evidence of offensive missiles provided little evidence of superpower restraint in that fiel

superpower restraint in that field. Both govd. Both gov --ernments seemed determined to reach the ernments seemed determined to reach the limits set by

limits set by their Agreemtheir Agreem ent as sooent as soon as posn as pos--sible, while also obtaining the maximum sible, while also obtaining the maximum qualitative capability.

qualitative capability. T

T hh e e UnUn iteite d d StaSta tes tes has has depdep loyloy ed ed 350350 MM in in

--u t e m a n 3

u t e m a n 3 ICBM, each with three MIRV, and ICBM, each with three MIRV, and

Is now moving towards completing that Is now moving towards completing that pro-gramme, Involving 550

gramme, Involving 550 M i n u t e m a n 3 M i n u t e m a n 3 with up with up to 1,650 warheads by 1975. Meanwhile, all the to 1,650 warheads by 1975. Meanwhile, all the

1,000

1,000 M i n u t e m a n M i n u t e m a n silos are being substan- silos are being substan-tially str

tially strengtheengthened ned ("hardened”("hardened” ) ) agaiagainstnst nuclear attack and a new Command Data nuclear attack and a new Command Data Buffer system Is being Installed to provide Buffer system Is being Installed to provide rapid ICBM retargeting. At sea, about 320 rapid ICBM retargeting. At sea, about 320

Poseidon

Poseidon SLBM, each with 1014 MIRV, have SLBM, each with 1014 MIRV, have been deployed in some 20 submarines. been deployed in some 20 submarines. Con-version of another 11 submarines to

version of another 11 submarines toPoseidon Poseidon

Is In train and will be complete by 197576, Is In train and will be complete by 197576, at which time only 10 submarines with at which time only 10 submarines with PP oo - - laris A3

laris A3 SLBM will remain In service. There- SLBM will remain In service. There-after, the

after, the T r i d e n t 1T r i d e n t 1 SLBM, with 4,000mile SLBM, with 4,000mile range, could become operational in late 1978, range, could become operational in late 1978, either in

either in Poseidon Poseidon submarines or In the new submarines or In the new

T r i d e n t

T r i d e n t boats, probably with 24 missile tubes boats, probably with 24 missile tubes each, which are being developed to enter each, which are being developed to enter servi

service, apparently in ce, apparently in the the Pacific, in the samePacific, in the same year

year . . By By usus ing ing thth e e frfr eeee dodo m m allall owow ed ed by by thth ee Interim Agreement to replace

Interim Agreement to replace Titan Titan 2 ICBM 2 ICBM with

with T r i d e n t T r i d e n t SLBM, the United States could SLBM, the United States could thus have 1,000 ICBM and 710 SLBM, thus have 1,000 ICBM and 710 SLBM, carry-ing well over 8,000 warheads, by the end of ing well over 8,000 warheads, by the end of the 1970's.

the 1970's. T

T he he SoSo vivi et et UnUn ion ion has ahas a lso lso shosho wn ewn e verver y sigy sig nn of reaching the Interim Agreement’s limits. of reaching the Interim Agreement’s limits. On land, where 1,527 Soviet ICBM are On land, where 1,527 Soviet ICBM are al-ready deployed, development has continued ready deployed, development has continued of three new ICBM types: the SS

of three new ICBM types: the SS16 (an im16 (an im --proved version of the solldfuel SS13), the proved version of the solldfuel SS13), the SS17 (an Improved SS11), and the SS18 SS17 (an Improved SS11), and the SS18 (an Improved SS9). The last two have both (an Improved SS9). The last two have both been tested with reentry systems of three been tested with reentry systems of three MRV, and are reportedly being prepared to MRV, and are reportedly being prepared to carry full

carry full MM IRV systems at a later stIRV systems at a later stage. Theage. The SS18

SS18, tests o, tests o f wf w hich bhich b egan egan in 196in 1968, i8, is ans an obvious candidate for installation in the 25 obvious candidate for installation in the 25 large silos started In 1970 but still large silos started In 1970 but still Incom-plete, thus bringing the Soviet total of plete, thus bringing the Soviet total of "" heavyheavy " ICBM to the 31" ICBM to the 313 3 permitted by thepermitted by the Interim Agreement. The SS17, which has Interim Agreement. The SS17, which has been fired over a range of some 4,500 miles, been fired over a range of some 4,500 miles, may equip the remaining 66 incomplete silos, may equip the remaining 66 incomplete silos, raising the overall ICBM total to the raising the overall ICBM total to the per-mitted ceiling of 1.618. At sea, the ceilings of mitted ceiling of 1.618. At sea, the ceilings of 62 "modern”

62 "modern” ballisticmissiballisticmissile submarines andle submarines and 950 "modern” SLBM are further away. Some 950 "modern” SLBM are further away. Some 31 Yclass submarines, each with 16 SSN6 31 Yclass submarines, each with 16 SSN6 SLBM (1,5001,750 mile range), have been SLBM (1,5001,750 mile range), have been launched, as have about 3 of the new Dclass launched, as have about 3 of the new Dclass boats,

boats, each with each with 12 12 SSSS N8 N8 SLBM SLBM (4,(4,60600 mile0 mile range). Only these count against the range). Only these count against the subma-rine celling, although another 30 SLBM In rine celling, although another 30 SLBM In older nuclearpowered submarines bring the older nuclearpowered submarines bring the current number of

current number of missimissiles relevant to SLBMles relevant to SLBM celling to

celling to about 56about 5600. Even if . Even if the Soviet Uthe Soviet U nionnion decides to exercise her option to replace SS7 decides to exercise her option to replace SS7 and SS8 ICBM

and SS8 ICBM with new SLBM, it with new SLBM, it thus sethus seemsems likely, at expected building rates, to be at likely, at expected building rates, to be at least 1977 before she could reach the two least 1977 before she could reach the two ceilings now established. No Soviet SLBM has ceilings now established. No Soviet SLBM has as

as yet been tested with Myet been tested with M RV.RV.

Soviet and American determination to Soviet and American determination to build ABM systems up to the limits in the build ABM systems up to the limits in the ABM Treaty of May 1972 is less certain. The ABM Treaty of May 1972 is less certain. The United States is completing her one United States is completing her one per-mitted

mitted Safeguard Safeguard site for defence of ICBM site for defence of ICBM silos at Grand Forks Air Force Base, North silos at Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, to be operational in late 1974, and Dakota, to be operational in late 1974, and has also continued research on what is now has also continued research on what is now known as the

known as the Site De/ense Site De/ense (formerly (formerly Hard Hard S i t e

S i t e ) ) ABM system for the more ecoABM system for the more economicalnomical defence of ICBM silos with shortrange defence of ICBM silos with shortrange mis-siles alone, but she has not yet taken any siles alone, but she has not yet taken any substantial step towards deploying ABM substantial step towards deploying ABM launchers around Washington, D.C. The launchers around Washington, D.C. The So-viet Union has continued to develop a more viet Union has continued to develop a more effective ABM missile to replace the

effective ABM missile to replace the Galosh Galosh

In the defence of the Moscow area, and has In the defence of the Moscow area, and has also showed signs of expanding that defence also showed signs of expanding that defence from 64 to 100 launchers, but there Is no from 64 to 100 launchers, but there Is no clear evidence that she has yet decided to clear evidence that she has yet decided to construct the seco

construct the second permitted site for nd permitted site for ICBMICBM defence.

defence.

In one of the areas still unconstrained by In one of the areas still unconstrained by SALT, strategic bomber aircraft, the SALT, strategic bomber aircraft, the em-phasis has been largely on development phasis has been largely on development rather than deployment. The American force rather than deployment. The American force Is actually to be reduced during 197374, Is actually to be reduced during 197374,

from

from 330 squadrons to 28 (24 of B52s and 40 squadrons to 28 (24 of B52s and 4 of FB111s), while the Soviet force is of FB111s), while the Soviet force is ex-pected to remain at little more than a pected to remain at little more than a quarter of that strength. The United States, quarter of that strength. The United States, however, is pre

however, is pressing aheassing ahead with d with the Bthe B 1 pro-1 pro-gramme, which should bring that new gramme, which should bring that new super-sonic bomber into service from 1978, while sonic bomber into service from 1978, while the Soviet Union has been actively testing the Soviet Union has been actively testing her

her Backfire Backfire prototypes which, although not prototypes which, although not fully

fully "lntercontinental”"lntercontinental” . . have a ranghave a range com-e com-parable to that of the FB111. The United parable to that of the FB111. The United States Is also greatly Increasing the striking States Is also greatly Increasing the striking power of her existing bombers by equipping power of her existing bombers by equipping them with the ShortRange Attack Missile them with the ShortRange Attack Missile (S

(S RR AA MM ), ), a nuclear a nuclear airtoground missile withairtoground missile with a range of 35100 miles. SRAM entered a range of 35100 miles. SRAM entered oper-ational service in August 1972 and should be ational service in August 1972 and should be fully deployed, with 1,500 missiles in 21 fully deployed, with 1,500 missiles in 21 bomber squadrons, by 197475. Meanwhile, bomber squadrons, by 197475. Meanwhile, air defence forces on both sides are also air defence forces on both sides are also sub- je

je ctct s s fofo r r ququ alal itaita titi ve ve ImIm propro vemvem enen t. t. ThTh ee American F14 and F15 fighters are moving American F14 and F15 fighters are moving towards full operational deployment, towards full operational deployment, pos-sibly to be followed In the early 1980s by a sibly to be followed In the early 1980s by a new Improve

new Improved Manned Manned Interd Interceptor (IMceptor (IM I),I), while the S

while the S oviet Union oviet Union Is Is already introducingalready introducing new types, including the MiG25

new types, including the MiG25 Foxbat Foxbat and and the variable geometry MiG23

the variable geometry MiG23 Flogger Flogger into into her fighter forces. Both countries are also her fighter forces. Both countries are also seeking to improve static and mobile radar seeking to improve static and mobile radar coverage, with equipment such as the coverage, with equipment such as the Amer-ica

ican On O verthevertheHorizon BackscHorizon Backscattatter er (OTH(OTH B)B) radar and Airborne Warning and Control radar and Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft.

System (AWACS) aircraft.

Qualitative improvement is, In fact, the Qualitative improvement is, In fact, the keynote in all no

keynote in all no nstrategic fonstrategic forces. rces. The UThe U nit- nit-ed States, in particular, having endnit-ed her ed States, in particular, having ended her combat role In Vietnam in 1972, Is moving combat role In Vietnam in 1972, Is moving to-wards allvolunteer armed forces by mid1975 wards allvolunteer armed forces by mid1975 (when the last conscript will be released) (when the last conscript will be released) amid doubts about her ability thereafter to amid doubts about her ability thereafter to maintain more than about 1

maintain more than about 1A A million men million men under arms: a prospect which demands under arms: a prospect which demands quali-tative excellence, something which the tative excellence, something which the So-viet Union will, for its own reasons, clearly viet Union will, for its own reasons, clearly wish to match. In a

wish to match. In a ddition to new aircraft,ddition to new aircraft, development programmes for new armoured development programmes for new armoured equipment, tactical missiles, and naval equipment, tactical missiles, and naval ves-sels all show signs of acceleration. The Soviet sels all show signs of acceleration. The Soviet Union has launched her first conventional Union has launched her first conventional aircraft carrier of 40,000 tons and is actively aircraft carrier of 40,000 tons and is actively deploying new

deploying new KK a ra ra a class cruisers,class cruisers, K r i v a k  K r i v a k 

class GM destroyers, and Cclass class GM destroyers, and Cclass cruisemis-sile and Vclass attack submarines. The sile and Vclass attack submarines. The United States has committed funds to her United States has committed funds to her fourth

fourth nuclearpowernuclearpowered ed aircraft carrier, to 37aircraft carrier, to 37 new DD963 destroyers, and to the first 28 new DD963 destroyers, and to the first 28 688class nuclearpowered hunter/killer 688class nuclearpowered hunter/killer sub-marin

marines. Both es. Both are developing a range of are developing a range of newnew battlefield equipm

battlefield equipm ent, ent, including new battleincluding new battle tanks: the Soviet M1970 and the American tanks: the Soviet M1970 and the American XM1. Further ahead, more exotic technical XM1. Further ahead, more exotic technical possibilities appear. Just as precisionguided possibilities appear. Just as precisionguided munitions, such as ‘smart’ bombs and munitions, such as ‘smart’ bombs and re-motely piloted vehicl

motely piloted vehicles (Res (R FVFV ), may ), may changechange the calculus of tactical air/land warfare In the calculus of tactical air/land warfare In the

the latlat er er 19197070s, s, so, in tso, in t he he 19198080s, laser weaponss, laser weapons may begin to influence aerial combat. In the may begin to influence aerial combat. In the first year of strategic arms limitation, it was first year of strategic arms limitation, it was thus also possible to identify many of the thus also possible to identify many of the elements which could figure In a continued elements which could figure In a continued strategic and tactical arms race If political strategic and tactical arms race If political constraints should prove Inadequate.

constraints should prove Inadequate.

U

Un i t e dn i t e d SSt a t e st a t e s

Population: 210.900,000. Population: 210.900,000. Military service: voluntary

Military service: voluntary (from 1 (from 1 JulyJuly 1973).

1973). T

T otot al al armarm ed ed forfor cece s: s: 2,22,25252,90,900.0.

Estimated GNP 1972: (1,151.8 billion. Estimated GNP 1972: (1,151.8 billion. Defence

Defence budget 1973budget 19737474; ; $$ 8585.2 .2 billiobillio nn (Budget Auth

(Budget Auth ority ority [NOAJ; expected outlay I[NOAJ; expected outlay Iss $79.0 billion).

$79.0 billion).

Strategic Nuclear Forces Strategic Nuclear Forces Offensive:

Offensive:

( A )

( A ) Navy: Navy: 656 SLBM in 41 submarines. 656 SLBM in 41 submarines. 20 SSBN each with 16

20 SSBN each with 16 Poseidon.Poseidon.

21 SSBN each with 16

21 SSBN each with 16 Polaris A2 or A3.Polaris A2 or A3.

( B )

( B ) Strategic Air Command: Strategic Air Command: I C B M :

(4)

40956

140 140M i n u t e m a n M i n u t e m a n 11.. 510 510M i n u t e m a n M i n u t e m a n 2. 2. 350 350Minuteman 3.Minuteman 3. 54 54T i t a n T i t a n 2. 2. A i r c r a f t : A i r c r a f t : Bombers:

Bombers: 51516 (Tw6 (Tw o B52 o B52 and 1 and 1 KC135KC135 sqnequivalents are rotated for duty In sqnequivalents are rotated for duty In SouthEast Asia.)

SouthEast Asia.)

66 FB111A In 4 sqns; 240 B52G/H in 16 66 FB111A In 4 sqns; 240 B52G/H in 16 sqn

sqns—some with SRAMs—some with SRAM ..

142 B52D in 9 sqns (to be reduced to 117 142 B52D in 9 sqns (to be reduced to 117 by the

by the disbandment odisbandment o f 2 sqf 2 sqns in late ns in late 19731973).). 15 B52F in 1 sqn.

15 B52F in 1 sqn. Aircraft

Aircraft in active storage or reserve Includein active storage or reserve Include 8 FB1UA and 45 B52D/F/G/H.

8 FB1UA and 45 B52D/F/G/H. Ta

Ta nknk erer s: s: 615 KC615 KC 1313 5A 5A in in 38 sqns38 sqns , p, p lus lus 131300 in reserve.

in reserve.

Strategic Reconnaissance: SR71A; 2 sqns. Strategic Reconnaissance: SR71A; 2 sqns.

Defensive: Defensive:

North American Air Defense Command North American Air Defense Command ( N O R A D ) :

( N O R A D ) : HQ

HQ Colorado SpriColorado Springs—ngs— is a Jois a Joint Americanint American Canadian organization. US forces under Canadian organization. US forces under NORAD are Aerospace Defense Command NORAD are Aerospace Defense Command (ADC) and Army Air Defense Command (ADC) and Army Air Defense Command (ARADCOM), with a combined strength of (ARADCOM), with a combined strength of 80.000.

80.000.

Aircraft

Aircraft (excl(excluding Canadianuding Canadian ):): Interceptors: 585.

Interceptors: 585.

(i) Regular: 7 sqns with F106A. (i) Regular: 7 sqns with F106A.

(11) Air National Guard: 6 sqns with F (11) Air National Guard: 6 sqns with F 10

101B1B: : 110 0 sqns with sqns with F102A; 4 sqns with F102A; 4 sqns with FF 106A.

106A.

AEW aircraft: 3 sqns with EC121. AEW aircraft: 3 sqns with EC121.

S A M : S A M : 481. 481.

(I) Regular: 21

(I) Regular: 21 NikcHercules NikcHercules batteries, batteries, (il

(il ) ) Army National GuarArmy National Guard: 27d: 27 Nike Her- Nike Her- cules

cules batteries. batteries.

Warning Systems: Warning Systems:

( i )

( i ) Satel Satel lite early warning system: lite early warning system: capable capable of giving virtually Immediate warning of of giving virtually Immediate warning of launchings from SLBM, XCBM, and launchings from SLBM, XCBM, and Frac-tional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) tional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) launch areas.

launch areas. (ii)

(ii) Distant Early Warning Distant Early Warning (DEW) (DEW) L i n e : L i n e :

31 stations, roughly along the 70’ N parallel. 31 stations, roughly along the 70’ N parallel.

(iii)

(iii) Ballistic Missile Early Warning Sys- Ballistic Missile Early Warning Sys- te

te m m (BM(BM EWEW S); 3 S); 3 stations istations in Alaskan Alaska. Green-. Green-land, and England.

land, and England. ( i v )

( i v ) P i n e t r e e L i n e : P i n e t r e e L i n e : 23 stations in central 23 stations in central Canada.

Canada. ( v )

( v ) OvertheHorizon, Forward Scatter OvertheHorizon, Forward Scatter

(O

(O TT HH ): radar syst): radar system with 9 sitem with 9 sites ces capablapablee of detecting, but not tracking, ICBM very of detecting, but not tracking, ICBM very early in flight.

early in flight.

(vi) 474N: SLBM detection and warning (vi) 474N: SLBM detection and warning net of

net of 8 stations on the East8 stations on the East, Gulf, and West, Gulf, and West coas

coasts of thts of th e Une Un ited States: longrange ited States: longrange radaradarsrs have been added to the east coast net. have been added to the east coast net.

(vi

(vi ii ) ) USAF SpacetrUSAF Spacetrack (7 ack (7 sites) and sites) and USNUSN SPASUR systems; Spac

SPASUR systems; Space Defense e Defense Centre Centre (NO(NO --RAD

RAD ) ) : satellite : satellite tracking, identification, andtracking, identification, and cataloguing control.

cataloguing control.

(viii) BackUp Interceptor Control (viii) BackUp Interceptor Control (B

(B UU ICIC ): syst): system for air em for air defense defense command andcommand and control

control (all stations except one now on (all stations except one now on semi- semi-active status).

active status). (ix)

(ix) SemiAutomatic GroSemiAutomatic Ground Enviund Environmentronment (SAGE) system for coordinating all (SAGE) system for coordinating all sur-veillance and tracking of objects in North veillance and tracking of objects in North American airspace; 14 locations; combined American airspace; 14 locations; combined with BUIC.

with BUIC.

(x) Ground radar stations: some 55 (x) Ground radar stations: some 55 sta-tions manned by Air National Guard; tions manned by Air National Guard; aug-mented by the Federal Aviation mented by the Federal Aviation Administra-tion staAdministra-tions. tion stations. Arm Arm y: y: 80801,1,50500 (16,0 (16,000 000 ww omom enen ).). 3 armoured divisions. 3 armoured divisions. 1

1 experimental (TRexperimental (TR ICIC APAP ) division.) division. 4 mechanized infantry divisions. 4 mechanized infantry divisions. 3 infantr

3 infantr y divisiony divisions.s. 1

1 airmobilairmobile e dividivision.sion. 1

1 airborne airborne division.division.

3 armoured cavalry regiments. 3 armoured cavalry regiments. 1brigade In B

1brigade In B erlin.erlin. 1

1 school school brigadbrigad e.e.

2 special mission brigades In Alaska and 2 special mission brigades In Alaska and Panama.

Panama. 30 S

30 SSM batteries with HSM batteries with H onest John, Persh-onest John, Persh-ing, and Se

ing, and Sergeant SSM (Lanrgeant SSM (Lan ce is being Intro-ce is being Intro-duced to replace Hones

duced to replace Honest John and Set John and Se rgeanrgean t).t).

M48, M60, and M60A1/A2 (Shillelagh) M48, M60, and M60A1/A2 (Shillelagh) med tks; M41, M551 Sheridan It tks with med tks; M41, M551 Sheridan It tks with Shillelagh ATGW; M14, M113 APC; M107 Shillelagh ATGW; M14, M113 APC; M107 175mm SP guns; M108 105mm, M109 175mm SP guns; M108 105mm, M109 155mm, and M110 203mm SP how; M56 155mm, and M110 203mm SP how; M56 90mm SP ATk guns; TOW and Dragon 90mm SP ATk guns; TOW and Dragon ATG

ATG W; W; Chaparral/VulcChaparral/Vulcan 20man 20mm AA msl/gunm AA msl/gun system; Redeye and HAWK SAM.

system; Redeye and HAWK SAM.

Army Aviation; about 10,000 hel and 1,000 Army Aviation; about 10,000 hel and 1,000 flxedwlng ac.

flxedwlng ac. Deployment: Deployment:

Continental United States: Continental United States:

(I)

(I) StrateStrategic gic ReserReserve: 1ve: 1 TRTR ICAP dlv; 1 ICAP dlv; 1 InfInf dlv; 1

dlv; 1 airmoairmo bile dlv; bile dlv; 1AB 1AB dlv; 1 dlv; 1 InIn f f bde.bde. (II

(II ) ) To reinforce 7th Army In To reinforce 7th Army In Europe: 1Europe: 1 arm

arm ddiv ddiv (with equipment sto(with equipment stockpilckpiled In Wested In West G

G ermerm anan y); 1 y); 1 mech dlv (lesmech dlv (less 1 s 1 bde) bde) (this divi-(this divi-sion has two dualbased brigades whose sion has two dualbased brigades whose heavy equipment is stored In West heavy equipment is stored In West Ger-m

m anyany ); 1 me); 1 mech div (with equipment stocch div (with equipment stock- k-piled In West Ger

piled In West Ger mama ny); ny); 1 1 armd cav rarmd cav regt.egt. Europe:

Europe: (1) G

(1) G ermany: ermany: 7th Army: 7th Army: 2 2 corps corps lncl 2lncl 2 armd dlvs, 2 mech I

armd dlvs, 2 mech I nf dlvs, 1 mech Innf dlvs, 1 mech In f bde,f bde, and 2 armd cav rgts; 190,000; 2,100 medium and 2 armd cav rgts; 190,000; 2,100 medium tanks (this figure Includes those stockpiled tanks (this figure Includes those stockpiled for the

for the dualbased brdualbased brigadeigades s and Strategic Re-and Strategic Re-serve divisions).

serve divisions). (il

(il ) ) West Berlin: HQ elements and West Berlin: HQ elements and 1 1 infinf bde o

bde o f 3,9f 3,900 men.00 men.

(III) Italy: Task force of HQ elements and (III) Italy: Task force of HQ elements and 1 SSM bn.

1 SSM bn. Pacific: Pacific:

(1) S

(1) S ouou th th KoKo rearea : 1 : 1 InIn f div; 20,f div; 20,00000.0. (U) Hawaii: 1 Inf dlv.

(U) Hawaii: 1 Inf dlv.

Reserves, Authorized strength 663.600, Reserves, Authorized strength 663.600, ac-tual strength 621.900.

tual strength 621.900.

(I) Army National Guard: authorized (I) Army National Guard: authorized 40

402.32.30000, actu, actu al 386,al 386,700700; ca; ca pable spable s ome timome tim ee after m

after m obilization oobilization o f manning f manning 2 a2 armd, 1rmd, 1 mech, and 5 Inf divs and 18 indep bdes mech, and 5 Inf divs and 18 indep bdes plus reinforcements and support units to fill plus reinforcements and support units to fill regular formations; 27 SAM btys regular formations; 27 SAM btys (ARAD-C O M ) .

C O M ) .

(II) Army Reserves: authorized 261,300, (II) Army Reserves: authorized 261,300, ac-tual 235,200; organized in 13 divs and 3 tual 235,200; organized in 13 divs and 3 lndep bdes; 48,000 a year undergo short lndep bdes; 48,000 a year undergo short ac-tive d

tive d uty toursuty tours..

Marine Corps: 196,000. Marine Corps: 196,000. 3 dlvs (eac

3 dlvs (eac h of h of 1919,0,000 00 mm enen ), each sup-), each sup-porte

porte d by 1 tk bn.d by 1 tk bn. 2 HAW

2 HAW K SAM bns.K SAM bns.

M48 and M103A2 tks; LVTP5 and 7 M48 and M103A2 tks; LVTP5 and 7 APC

APC ; ; 175mm 175mm guns; guns; 105mm 105mm SP howSP how , 105, 105 and 155

and 155mm mm how; Mhow; M 5050 SP SP mumu ltiple 106ltiple 106mmmm recolll

recollless rifess rifles; les; 336 HAW6 HAW K SAM.K SAM. 3 Air Wings; 550 combat aircraft. 3 Air Wings; 550 combat aircraft.

12 fighter sqdns with F4B/J (with 12 fighter sqdns with F4B/J (with Spar-row and Sid

row and Sidewiewinder AAnder AA MM ).).

11 attack sqnds with A4/F/M and A6. 11 attack sqnds with A4/F/M and A6. 2 closesupport sqns with 36 AV8A 2 closesupport sqns with 36 AV8A Har-rier.

rier.

3 recce sqns with

3 recce sqns with RF4B. RF4B. C and EA6AC and EA6A :: 3 observ

3 observation sqns ation sqns with Owith O VlOA andVlOA and AH1G.

AH1G.

6 heavy hel sqns with CH53D 6 heavy hel sqns with CH53D

9 med assault hel sqns with

9 med assault hel sqns with CH46A.CH46A. 3 assault tpt/tanker sqns with 46 KC 3 assault tpt/tanker sqns with 46 KC 130F.

130F.

Deployment: Deployment:

(I) Continental United States: 2 dlvs/air (I) Continental United States: 2 dlvs/air wings.

wings. (II)

(II) Pacific Area: 1 Pacific Area: 1 dlv/air widlv/air wing.ng.

Reserves: Authorized strength 45,000, Reserves: Authorized strength 45,000, ac-tua

tua l strl str ength ength 3939,1,10000.. 1

1 div andiv an d 1 d 1 air wing; air wing; 4 fighter sqns with4 fighter sqns with F8J; 5 attack sqns with A4E

F8J; 5 attack sqns with A4E /L; /L; 1 1 reccerecce sqn with RF4; 1

sqn with RF4; 1 observobservatioation sqn sqn with OVn with OV lOA and AH1G; 1 tpt sqn with C119G; lOA and AH1G; 1 tpt sqn with C119G; 22 hy, 2 med, 1 It hel sqn with CH53, CH46, hy, 2 med, 1 It hel sqn with CH53, CH46, UH—

UH—IE. and AH1; IE. and AH1; 1 1 HAHA WW K SAM bn.K SAM bn. Na

Na vy: 564,vy: 564,40400 (9.0 (9.000 000 ww omom enen ); 22); 221 1 mama jorjor combat surface ships, 84 attack submarines. combat surface ships, 84 attack submarines. Submarines, attack: 60 nuclear. 24 diesel. Submarines, attack: 60 nuclear. 24 diesel. Attack carriers:

Attack carriers: (1) Attack: 15. (1) Attack: 15.

1 nuclearpowered (U.S.S. Enterprise 76,000 1 nuclearpowered (U.S.S. Enterprise 76,000 tons); a second will be commissioned In tons); a second will be commissioned In 197374.

197374.

8 Forrestal/K

8 Forrestal/K itty Hawkclasitty Hawkclass s (6(60,0,00000 ton0 ton s).s). 3 Midway class (52.000 tons).

3 Midway class (52.000 tons).

3 Hancockclass (33,0

3 Hancockclass (33,000 00 tonton s).s). Th

Th e e larlar gege r r carcar rierrier s s haha ve ve a a nono rmrm al al comcom pleple --ment of 8090 aircraft, and the smaller ones ment of 8090 aircraft, and the smaller ones between 7080. These are organized as an between 7080. These are organized as an air wing of 2 fighter sqns with F4 (F8 In air wing of 2 fighter sqns with F4 (F8 In the Hancockclass), 2 It attack all weather the Hancockclass), 2 It attack all weather attack sqns with A4 or A7; RA5C or RF8 attack sqns with A4 or A7; RA5C or RF8 recce; S2E, SH3A/G/H, ASW helicopters; recce; S2E, SH3A/G/H, ASW helicopters; EIB, E2A; AEW; EKA3B tankers.

EIB, E2A; AEW; EKA3B tankers. (li) Training: 1.

(li) Training: 1. 1 Hancockclass. 1 Hancockclass.

Othe

Othe r surface ships: r surface ships:

1

1 SAM cruiSAM cruiser (nuser (nu cleaclea r).r). 3 SAM

3 SAM cruisercruisers.s. 1 gun cruiser. 1 gun cruiser. 4 SAM light cruisers. 4 SAM light cruisers. 3

3 SAM frigatSAM frigates (nes (n ucleauclea r).r). 25

25 SAM SAM frigates.frigates. 29 SAM destroyers. 29 SAM destroyers. 71 gun/ASW/radar pick

71 gun/ASW/radar pick et destroyers.et destroyers. 6 SAM

6 SAM destroyer escorts.destroyer escorts. 62 gun/radar pick

62 gun/radar pick et escorts.et escorts. 65

65 amphamph ibious warfaibious warfa re ships.re ships. 1

10 0 MCM ships (plus MCM ships (plus numerous smanumerous small crll cr afaf t).t). 150 logistics and operations support ships. 150 logistics and operations support ships. Missiles include

Missiles include Standard, Tartar, Talos,Standard, Tartar, Talos, Terrier, Sea Sparrow

Terrier, Sea Sparrow SAM, SAM, A S R O C A S R O C and and

S U B R O C S U B R O C ASW. ASW.

A i r c r a f t : A i r c r a f t :

70 fighter/attack sqns with F14A, F4, 70 fighter/attack sqns with F14A, F4, F8, A4, A6, A7.

F8, A4, A6, A7.

10 recce sqns with RA5C. RF8. 10 recce sqns with RA5C. RF8. 24 maritime p

24 maritime p atrol sqns with 216 P3.atrol sqns with 216 P3. 20 ASW sqns with S2E, SH3A/G/H hel. 20 ASW sqns with S2E, SH3A/G/H hel. 5 helicopter sqns with

5 helicopter sqns with UH1/2UH1/2, AH1 , AH1 J. RHJ. RH  53D.

53D. 34

34 other sqns wother sqns w ith Cith C l, Cl, C 2, 5 2, 5 C9B, C54C9B, C54 and C130.

and C130.

Deployment

Deployment (average strengths of major (average strengths of major combat ships; some ships in the combat ships; some ships in the Mediter-ranean and Western Pacific are selectively ranean and Western Pacific are selectively based overseas, the remainder are rotated based overseas, the remainder are rotated f r

f ro m t h e U So m t h e U S ) :) :

Second Fleet

Second Fleet (Atlantic): 4 carriers, 63 sur- (Atlantic): 4 carriers, 63 sur-face combatants, 1 amphibio

face combatants, 1 amphibious ready gpus ready gp **

Third Fleet

Third Fleet (Eastern Pa(Eastern Pa cifcif ic): 7 caic): 7 carrirriersers.. 52 surface combatants, 4 amphibious ready 52 surface combatants, 4 amphibious ready gps.*

gps.*

Sixth Fleet

Sixth Fleet (Mediterranean): 2 carriers, 17 (Mediterranean): 2 carriers, 17 surface combatants,

surface combatants, 1 1 amphamph ibious ready gp.*ibious ready gp.*

Seventh Fleet

Seventh Fleet (W (W estern Pestern P acac ificific ): 3 ): 3 carcarrierriers,s, 29 surface combatants, 2 amphibious ready 29 surface combatants, 2 amphibious ready gps.*

gps.*

Middle East Force

Middle East Force (Persian G u (Persian Gu lf)lf) : : 1 1 flag- flag-ship, 2 surface oombatants.

ship, 2 surface oombatants.

Reserves:

Reserves: Authorized strength 129,000, ac- Authorized strength 129,000, ac-tual strength 131,800; 3,500 a year undergo tual strength 131,800; 3,500 a year undergo short active d

short active d uty tours. Ships in commissiuty tours. Ships in commissionon with

with the Rthe R eserve include eserve include 30 30 destrdestroyeroyers,s, 44 dede --stroyer escorts, and 20 MCM ships.

stroyer escorts, and 20 MCM ships.

A i r c r a f t : A i r c r a f t :

2 Reserve Air Wings: 9 flghter/attack sqns 2 Reserve Air Wings: 9 flghter/attack sqns with F8 and A7; 24 MR sqns with P2 and with F8 and A7; 24 MR sqns with P2 and P3A/B;

P3A/B; 25 25 ASW sqns with S2.ASW sqns with S2. 2

2 ASW ASW groups: 1groups: 12 2 patrpatr ol ol sqns sqns with with S2,S2, P3.

P3.

Ships in

Ships in reserreserve: ve:

8 submarines. 8 submarines. 6 aircraft carriers. 6 aircraft carriers. 4 battleships. 4 battleships. 12 heavy cruisers. 12 heavy cruisers. 2 SAM light cruisers. 2 SAM light cruisers. 43 destroyers. 43 destroyers. 2 frigates. 2 frigates.

33 destroyer escorts (all classes). 33 destroyer escorts (all classes). 8 rocket ships.

8 rocket ships. 74

74 amphamph ibious waibious wa rfare ships.rfare ships. 82

82 MCMC M ships craft.M ships craft. 75

75 logistics logistics supposuppo rt ships.rt ships.

Air Force: 691.000 (17,000 women); about Air Force: 691.000 (17,000 women); about 5,750 combat aircraft. 5,750 combat aircraft. 72 flghter/attack sqns with F4, F106, 72 flghter/attack sqns with F4, F106, an an d F—d F—111; A7111; A7 D.D.

13 tactical recce sqns with RF4C. 13 tactical recce sqns with RF4C. 17 tactical airlift sqns with C130E. 17 tactical airlift sqns with C130E. 11 special purpose sqns with A1E, A3T, 11 special purpose sqns with A1E, A3T,

•

• AmAm phibiouphibiou s ready s ready groups are 35 am-groups are 35 am-phibious ships with a Marine battalion phibious ships with a Marine battalion em-barked. Only those In the Mediterranean and barked. Only those In the Mediterranean and two In the Pacific are actually constituted. two In the Pacific are actually constituted.

(5)

December 12, 1973

40957

AC47. AC119. AC130, EA6B, EB66, EB57,

EC—47, C7, a nd C123.

17 hy tpt sqns, 4 with 72 C5A, 13 with C—141.

24 medical tpt, weather recce, and SAR sqns.

Deployment:

Continental United States (lncl Alaska and I c e l a n d ) :

(i) Tactical Air Command: 124,000; 2,200 combat aircraft. 9th, 12th, and 19th Air Forces.

(11) M ilitary Airlift Command (M AC ): 90.000.

Europe, US Air Forces Europe (USAFE):

50.000.

3rd Air Force (Britain), 16th Air Force (Spain), 17th Air Force (West Germany), and a logistics group in Turkey.

21 fighter sqns (plus 4 in the US on call) with 420 F4C/D/E and 72 F111E.

5 tactical recce sqns with 85 RF4C.

Pacific, Pacific Air Forces (PACAF):

120.000 .

5th Air Force in Japan, Korea, Okinawa. 7th Air Fore® in Thailand.

13th Air Force in the Philippines, Taiwan, Th ail an d.

Reserves:

(I) Air National Guard: Authorized strength 87,600, actual 90,000; about 650 combat aircraft. 20 fighterlnterceptor sqns (AD C ); 30 fighter sqns (21 with F100C/D, 4 with F105B/D. 1 wit h F104, 1 wit h F4C, 2 with A37B, 1 with B 5 7); 7 recce sqns (4 with RF101, 3 with R F 4C ); 3 strategic tpt sqns with C124C; 13 tactic al tp t sqns (11 wi th C—130 (A /B /E ), 1 wi th C123J, 1 wit h C 7 ); 9 tanker gps with K97L; 1 electronic warfare gp with EC121 (A D C ): 3 special op-era tion s gp s w ith C—119/U—10 and 5 ta ctic al air support gps with 02A.

(II) Air Force Reserve: Authorized strength 51,300, actual strength 44,600; about 120 combat aircraft. 4 fighter sqns with F  100, 3 with F105D; 24 tactical tpt sqns (18 with C—130A/B, 4 with C 123K, 2 with C 7 ); 1 electronic warfare gp with EC121; 4 spe-cial operations gps with A37B; 5 SAR gps, 2 with HC—130, 3 with HH34; and 1 medic al' tpt gp w ith C9A.

T h e So v i e t Un i o n

Population: 250,500,000.

Military service: Army and Air Force, 2 years : Na vy and Bo rde r Gua rds, 23 years.

To ta l a rme d for ces : 3.425.000.

Estimated NMP 1972: $439 billion. NMP (Net Material Product) Is used because of the difficulty of arriving at an estimate for GNP; It has been converted at the rate of 0.72 roubles—«1.

Defen ce bud get 1973: See below.

Strategic Nuclear Forces Offensive:

(A ) Na ry; 628 SLBM in 66 submarines. 3 SSBN (Dclass) each with 12 SSN8 missiles.

31 SSBN (Tclass) each with 16 SSN6 missiles.

10 SSBN (HIIclass) and 10 diesel (G IIclass) each with 3 SSN5 Serb missiles.

12 diesel (GIclass) each with 3 SSN4

Sark missiles.

(B) Strategic Rocket Forces (S R F ): 350.-000. (T he S trategic R ocke t Forces are a sep-arate service with their own manpower.)

I C B M : 1.527.

209 SS7Saddler and SS8Sasin.

288 SS9 Scarp.

970 SS11 (in clud ing ab out 100 with va r lablerange capability sited within IRBM/ MRBM fields).

60 SS13 Savage.

I R B M a n d M R B M : about 600. 100 SS—5Skean IRBM. 500 SS4 S an da l MRBM.

(The majority are sited near the western border of the USSR, the remainder east of the Urals.)

( C ) Air Force.

Long Range Air Force (L R A F ) : 840 combat aircraft. (About 75 per cent Is based In the European USSR, with most of the re-mainder in the Far East; In addition It has staging and dispersal points in the Arctic.)

Longrange bombers: 140.

100 Tu95 Bear and 40 Mya4 Bison.

Ta nk er s: 50 My a4 Bison.

Mediumrange bombers: 700.

500 Tu16 Badger and 200 Tu22 Blinder. Defensive:

Air Defense Forces (PVOSfrany) form a separate command, comprising an early warning and control system, flghterinter ceptor squadrons, and SAM units. Air De-fence Forces have a total strength of 500,000, manpower being provided by the Army and Air Force.

A i r c r a f t : about 2,900.

Interceptors: Include about 950 MIG17, Mig19, and Yak25: 800 Su9; 1,150 Yak 28PFirebar, TU28P Fiddler, Su11 Flagon A . and MIG25Foxbat.

AEW aircraft: 10 modified Tu114 Moss. A n t i  B a l l i s t i c M is si le s ( A B M ) :

64Galosh longrange missile launchers are deployed in four sites around Moscow, each

with Try Add engagement radars (another

radar of this type is under construction). T ar ge t ac qu isi tio n and tr ac ki ng is by a phasedarray Dog House radar, and early warning is given by phasedarray Hen House

radar on the Soviet borders. The range of

Galosh Is believed to be over 200 miles, and Its warheads are nuclear, presumably In the megaton range. Work has been resumed on previously uncompleted complexes in the Moscow area. A followon longrange ABM system Is believed to be under development.

S A M : 10,000 launche rs a t ab out 1,600 sites. SA2 G u i d e l i n e : about 5,000; trackwhlle

scan Fan Song radar; hlghexploslve

war-head: slant range (launcher to target) about 25 miles; effective between 1,000 and 80,000 feet.

SA3 G o a : Twostage, shortrange, low level missile: slant range about 15 miles.

SA4 G a n e l : Twinmounted (on tracked carrier), alrtransportable, longrange mis-sile with solid fuel boosters and ramJet su stalner.

SA5 G r i f f o n : Twostage, boosted AA mis-sile; slant range about 50 miles, with a capa-bility against ASM.

SA6 G a i n f u l : Triplemounted (on tracked ca rrie r). lowlevel missile.

A n t i  A i r c r a f t A r t i l le r y :

14.5mm. 23mm, 57mm towed guns and ZSU572 57mm twinbarrelled and Z8U23 4 23mm fourbarrelled tracked SP guns; 85mm, 100mm, and 130mm guns.

A rm y: 2,050,000.

107 motorize d rifle divisions. 50 tank divisions.

7 airborne divisions.

S S M : (nuclear ca pa ble ): about 900 (units are organic to formations), including:

(1) F R O G —1—7, range 1445 miles.

(2) Scud A, range 50 miles.

(3) Scud B, range 185 miles.

(4) Scaleboard, range 500 miles.

SAitf: SA2, SA4, SA6, and possibly SA7

G r a i l (manportable).

Tanks:

JS 2/3 hy; T 62 and T54/ 55 me d: PT 7 6 amphibious recce It (most Soviet tanks are equipped for amphibious crossing by deep wading, and many carry Infrared night fighting equipment). At full strength, tank divisions have 316 medium tanks and mo tor-ized rifle divisions 188. Production has begun on a new medium tank, the M1970. and a light tank.

AFV: BTR152. 60. 50P series; BMP APC; BRDM scout car.

A r ti ll er y:

100 mm, 122mm, 130mm. 152mm, and 203mm field guns; 12 2mm to 25mm m ultip le RL; 140mm RL ; ASU57 and ASU85 SP and

85mm and 100mm ATK guns; Sagger, Snap- per , S wa tte r ATGW ; A A guns.

Deployment and Strength :

Central and Eastern Europe: 31 divs: 20

dlvs (10 tank) in East Germany; 2 tank divs in Poland; 4 divs (2 tank) In Hungary; and 5 divs (2 tank) In Czechoslovakia; 7,850 medi-um tanks. (These are the tanks held in the divisions: there are known to be in addition, some 1,000 T54/55 tanks in reserve which have been replaced by T62 but which have not yet been withdrawn.)

European USSR: 60 divs (about 20 tank).

Central USSR (between th e Volga and Lake

Baikal): 5 divs (2 tank).

Southern USSR (Caucasus and West

Tur-kestan) : 23 divs (4 tank).

SinoSoviet border area: 45 divs, lncl 2 In Mongolia (about 8 tan k).

Soviet divisions have three degrees of combat readiness; Category 1, between three quarters and full strength, with complete equipment; Category 2, between half and threequarters strength, with com plete fight-ing vehicles; Category 3, about onethird strength, possibly with complete fighting vehicles (though some may be obsolescent). Th e 31 d lvs in Eas tern Eur ope are Ca teg ory 1, as are about a third of those in the Euro-pean USSR and the Far East and a few In the Southern USSR. The remaining divisions in European USSR, Southern USSR, and the Far East are probably evenly divided be-tween Categories 2 and 3. The divisions in Central USSR are likely to be in Category 3.

Outside the Warsaw Pact area:

Instructors and advisers: Algeria 1,000, Cuba 1,000, Egypt 1,000, Iraq 1,500, North Vietnam 1,000, Somali Republic 1,000, Syria 23.000, Yemen Arab Republic 500, People's Democratic Republic o f South Yem en 200.

Navy: 475,000 (lncl Naval Air Force, 75,000, and Naval Infantry, 17,000); 212 major sur-face combat ships, 285 attack and cruise missile submarines.

Submarines:

Attack: 35 nuclear (C, V, Nclasses), 195 diesel (B, F, R, Q. Z, Wclasses).

Longrange cruise missile, 30 nuclear powered (Eclass) and 25 diesel (J, W classes) with 28, 450mlle range SSN3 missiles.

Surface ships:

2 ASW helicopter cruisers, each with 2 twin SAM and about 20 Ka25 hel.

2 Karaclass cruisers with SSM and SAM. 4 Kresta 1class cruisers with SSM and SAM.

5 Kresta 11class cruisers with SSM and SAM.

4 Kyndaclass cruisers with SSM and SAM.

11 Sverdlovclass (1 with SAM) adn 4 older cruisers.

4 Krlvakdass destroyers wtih SSM and SAM.

5 Kaninclass destroyers with SAM. 3 Krupnyclass destroyers with SSM. 4 Klldinclass destroyers with SSM. 18 Kashinclass destroyers with SAM. 6 modified Kotlinclass destroyers with SAM.

37 Kotlln and Skoryclass destroyers. 103 other ocean going escorts.

250 coastal escorts and submarine chasers. 6 Nanuchkaclass coastal escorts wtih SSM and SAM.

117 Osa and 10 Komarclass FPB with Styx SSM.

200 torpedo boats. 170 fleet minesw eepers. 125 coastal minesweepers. 102 amphibious ships. 131 landing craft. 6 air cushion vehicles.

(1 40.000ton aircraft carrier has been launched, apparently designed to operate V/

S T O L aircraft and helicopters; a second may be building.)