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Product Information
Country of Origin: USA Release Date: August 2014
User Guides
For your convenience, the topics in this help system are available as .pdf files. Right-click any of the following links to save the a print-ready file to your computer:
l User Guides, Tutorials, Examples, Videos, and Samples l Getting Started and Creating Projects
l Importing, Exporting, and Linking to Data l Data Tables and Fields
l Variable Editor
l Solutions Catalog, Variables, and the Data Dictionary l Entering and Changing Table Data
l My and Shared Workspaces l OFM Settings
l Workspace Managers l Categories
l PVT
l Entity Managers and Advanced Setup Features l Filtering l Base Map l GIS Map l Maps l Analytical Maps l Bubble Maps
l Grid, Contour, and Surface Maps l Scatter Plots
l Map XY Plots l Plots
l Forecasts l Reports
l Wellbore Diagrams l Creating Calculations l System Functions l References
User Guides
For your convenience, the topics in this help system are available as .pdf files. Right-click any of the following links to save the a print-ready file to your computer:
l User Guides, Tutorials, Examples, Videos, and Samples l Getting Started and Creating Projects
l Importing, Exporting, and Linking to Data l Data Tables and Fields
l Variable Editor
l Solutions Catalog, Variables, and the Data Dictionary l Entering and Changing Table Data
l My and Shared Workspaces l OFM Settings
l Workspace Managers l Categories
l PVT
l Entity Managers and Advanced Setup Features l Filtering l Base Map l GIS Map l Maps l Analytical Maps l Bubble Maps
l Grid, Contour, and Surface Maps l Scatter Plots
l Map XY Plots l Plots
l Forecasts l Reports
l Wellbore Diagrams l Creating Calculations l System Functions l References
Videos
Note: When you click any of the links below, the video should play in a new browser window.
Creating an After-Before-Compare Plot
In this video, we create a scatter plot that uses well test production data from two dates, and compares performance between those dates. We will: Review existing calculated variables; report the monthly oil rate; find the monthly oil rate from three-months previous; find the change in oil rate; find the change in water rate; and then create a scatter plot and interpret it.
n Watch in English n Watch in Russian n Watch in Spanish
Finding the Best Three Months of Production
In this video, we create a series of calculated variables to create a report showing the best three months of production. We will: Find the maximum, second-best, and third-best monthly oil production; find the corresponding dates; and display the information in a report.
n Watch in English n Watch in Russian n Watch in Spanish
Creating Customized Well Symbols
In this video, we create two new well symbols and use them in a project. We will review how well symbols work, create new well symbols, and make the new associations.
n Watch in English n Watch in Russian n Watch in Spanish
OFM Quick Start Tutorials
This online help has a suite of tutorials. The tutorials have step-by-step instructions for performing common tasks, but they do not cover all features in OFM. The tutorials cover these topics:
n Patterns n Plots:
n Creating and Editing Plots n Audit Plot Tutorial
n Reports:
n Date-Based Report n Summary Report n Display Logs:
n Single-Well Log Display n Multi-Well Log Display n Log Cross-Section
n PVT
n Forecasts:
n Single Phase Analysis n Ratio Analysis
n Pressure/Z-Factor (P/Z) Analysis n Flow After Flow Test
n Well Deliverability Analysis (WDA) n Maps: n Bubble Maps n Grid Maps n Contour Maps n Scatter Plots n Surface Maps n Map XY Plots
Tutorial: Patterns
You can configure waterflood patterns by assigning completions to a pattern and allocating production and injection volumes from those completions. Typical pattern configurations look like these:
You must use your judgment and knowledge of the reservoir to assign a realistic fraction of each
completion's production or injection to the block of reservoir beneath the pattern. When you do this, you can compare performance, surveillance, and the optimization of operations at the pattern level,
considering both injection and production. In this tutorial, you will:
n Open the waterflood sample project
n Create patterns interactively: Each pattern has several completions. In this section, you select the completions for each pattern individually.
n Edit patterns: After you create patterns, you can change the pattern allocation factors or dates. In this section, you edit the patterns that you created. There are two ways to change the pattern data. You can change one pattern at a time, or you can change the pattern data with all sets and all patterns visible.
n Confirm the pattern allocation factors: No single well should have allocation factors summing to more than one. In this section, you create a report to confirm this.
n Choose variables affected by pattern allocation factors: In this section, you choose which variables are affected by pattern allocation factors, and which are not. The factors should only affect volumes. Pressures, depths, porosities, choke sizes, hours on production, or any other non-volume variable should not be affected.
n View pattern results one at a time: In this section, you use patterns and see the effect of the pattern allocation factors that you supplied. You can use patterns by filtering or by stepping though (on the Navigation pane). You can see the results most easily in plots or reports. You will create a report that shows the results of pattern allocation factors.
n Compare multiple patterns on a plot: In this section, you create a plot that compares multiple patterns, applying pattern allocation factors.
n Create patterns from an ASCII file: If you have determined the allocation factors already and it is available in a document or spreadsheet, you can reformat the data and load it into OFM. The pattern data can be static or dynamic. For dynamic patterns, the allocation factors may change over time as injectors are created and terminated. You can remove wells from a pattern as new patterns are created. In this section, you add patterns to the project by loading a formatted data file. They will be the same patterns that you created interactively.
Opening the Waterflood Sample Project
Open the Bfield sample workspace. It is in the OFM installation folder, at ...Sample Workspaces\Pilot Waterflood Sample\Pilot Waterflood BField.ofm.
Creating Patterns Interactively
Each pattern has several completions. In this section, you select the completions for each pattern individually.
Note: Before you start, you may want to print a large map of your area and manually draw the pattern outlines on that map. This helps organize your work when you configure the patterns interactively in OFM.
1. On the Format tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom Area.
2. On the base map, drag a frame around the pattern waterflood area in the north (marked with blue symbols).
With this waterflood, you could create patterns with a regular layout or in an inverted layout. You will set up regular patterns.
Regular layout: Inverted layout:
3. On the Property pane, under Well Name Properties, change the Well Name to Alias Name. 4. On the base map, press Ctrl and click wells 491, 492, 495, 498, and 502.
5. Release the Ctrl key.
n The left pane lists patterns. OFM lists the pattern you created with a default name (P-0). The date (1900-01-01) is the default starting date for the pattern.
n The right pane lists the five wells you selected.
n The Current Pattern Set field at the bottom of the window displays the current pattern (inverted_five_spot). Because two pattern sets have already been configured for this project, the pattern you created is in the current pattern. You will change the pattern in the next section of the tutorial.
6. Click OK to close the Edit Patterns window.
7. On the base map, press Ctrl and select another five wells to create another pattern. 8. Release the Ctrl key.
The Edit Patterns window opens. OFM lists the pattern you created with a default name (P-1) and the default starting date for the pattern. The wells you selected are listed on the right pane.
9. Click OK to close the Edit Patterns window.
Editing Patterns
After you create patterns, you can change the pattern allocation factors or dates. In this section, you edit the patterns that you created. There are two ways to change the pattern data. You can change one pattern at a time, or you can change the pattern data with all sets and all patterns visible.
1. First, view how you can change the pattern data, one pattern at a time: a. On the Setup tab, in the Workspace Managers group, click Patterns.
The Edit Patterns window opens. Notice that you can navigate to the pattern you want to edit, by expanding the pattern folder in the left pane.
b. Click OK to close the Edit Patterns window.
2. Now you will change the pattern data with all sets and all patterns visible. On the Setup tab, in the Tables group, click Data Grid.
The Select OFM Table to Edit window opens. 3. Select the Pattern table and then click OK.
The contents of the Pattern table display, showing all patterns configured in both pattern sets. 4. Scroll to the bottom of the table and find the records for the patterns you created. They are part of
the inverted_five_spot pattern set, and the pattern name is P-0 and P-1.
5. Highlight all records that are not the patterns you created. Ensure the entire rows are highlighted. Press Delete.
Only the P-0 and P-1 patterns remain.
6. Change the PatternSet names from inverted_five_spot to Tutorial.
well. Name the first pattern you created (with the default name P-0) P-495. 8. Note the other table columns:
n Date: This is the effective start date of the pattern allocation factors. This does not have to be the first date of production or injection. The default date (January 1900) means the allocation factors are in effect from the beginning of the waterflood, and usually can be left unchanged. n Factor: This is the allocation factor the specific well's rates and volumes to the specific pattern.
For example, an allocation factor of 0.5 implies that 50% of its injection is supporting a different pattern.
n Loss: This is the injectant loss factor. For example, a loss of 0.2 implies that 20% of water injected is being lost to non-pay zones or outside the pattern area.
The effective factor is the Factor value minus the Loss value. So, instead of setting a Loss, you can choose to set a lower Factor.
9. Since no single well should be allocated more than 100%, a simple way to set geometric allocation factors is to sort the table by well. Double-click the Well column heading to sort the table.
10. For each well, do the following:
n If the well only appears one time, leave the Factor value as 1.
n If the well appears two times, change the Factor value for each to 0.5. n If the well appears three times, change the Factor value for each to 0.33
Make sure to click on a different record after making a change, to save the change. 11. When you finish, close the Pattern table.
Confirming the Pattern Allocation Factors
No single well should have allocation factors summing to more than one. In this section, you create a report to confirm this.
1. On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Report. The Edit Report window opens.
2. In the Select box, enter the following: @PatCurSet( ), @PatWell( ), @PatName( ), @PatDate( ), @PatFact( ), @PatLoss( )
3. Click OK.
A report opens. It lists the pattern set name, well, pattern name, date, factor, and loss. 4. On the report, click in the @PatWell() column.
5. On the Property pane, under Columns, change the Break when this column changes field to Yes.
7. On the Property pane, under Columns, change the Subtotal field to SUM.
8. On the report, check the sum values to make sure that none of them are larger than 1.00.
Choosing Variables Affected by Pattern Allocation Factors
In this section, you choose which variables are affected by pattern allocation factors, and which are not. The factors should only affect volumes. Pressures, depths, porosities, choke sizes, hours on production, or any other non-volume variable should not be affected.1. On the Setup tab, in the Tables group, click Schema.
The Edit Schema Tables window opens. In this project, only the PRD and WIN tables store volumes.
2. Make sure the OIL, GAS, and WATER variables in the PRD table are set for Multiply by Factor because these store volumes.
a. On the left pane, expand the PRD table and then click the OIL variable. b. On the right, view the Math tab.
c. In the Grouping Options section, make sure Multiply by Factor is selected. d. On the PRD table, select the GAS variable.
e. On the Math tab, make sure Multiply by Factor is selected. f. On the PRD table, select the WATER variable.
g. On the Math tab, make sure Multiply by Factor is selected.
3. Make sure the ACTIVE, DAYS, and PRESS variables in the PRD table are not set for Multiply by Factor: a. On the left pane, in the PRD table, click the ACTIVE variable.
b. On the Math tab, in the Grouping Options section, make sure the Multiply by Factor check box is clear.
c. On the PRD table, select the DAYS variable.
d. On the Math tab, make sure the Multiply by Factor check box is clear. e. On the PRD table, select the PRESS variable.
f. On the Math tab, make sure the check box is clear.
4. On the left pane, expand the WIN table and make sure that the variables that store volumes are set to Multiply by Factor. Make sure that all other variables are not set to Multiply by Factor.
5. Make sure that all numeric variables in the MASTER, PVT, and RESPROP tables are not set to Multiply by Factor.
Viewing Pattern Results One at a Time
In this section, you use patterns and see the effect of the pattern allocation factors that you supplied. You can use patterns by filtering or by stepping though (on the Navigation pane). You can see the results most easily in plots or reports. You will create a report that shows the results of pattern allocation factors.
1. On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Report. The Edit Report window opens.
2. In the Select box, enter the following: Date, Win.Winj 3. Click OK.
A report opens. An empty report opens with columns for the date and water injection. 4. On the Format tab, in the Edit group, click Date & Sort.
The Edit Report Attributes window opens. 5. Select At Last Date and then click OK. 6. Use patterns for filtering:
a. On the Filter pane, click Clear Filter ( ).
b. On the Filter pane, expand Category, then Patterns, then Tutorial.
c. Under Tutorial, select the check box to the left of the first pattern (this was the P-0 pattern, which you may have renamed P-495).
d. Click Group ( ) to view the total pattern results. The report populates with one row.
7. Compare the difference with and without pattern use: a. On the Filter pane, click Clear Filter ( ). b. View the base map.
c. On the Format tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom Area and then drag across the map around the pattern waterflood area in the north.
d. On the Filter pane, click Group ( ). e. View the report.
The report populates with one row. The water injection value represents the unallocated total of all five wells, so it is a larger value than before.
8. Step by patterns:
a. On the Filter pane, click Clear Filter ( ).
b. On the Navigation pane, on the field at the top, change the step to PATTERN: Tutorial. c. On the Navigation pane, select the first pattern listed.
Comparing Multiple Patterns on a Plot
In this section, you create a plot that compares multiple patterns, applying pattern allocation factors. 1. On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Plot.
The Edit Plot window opens.
2. Below the main area of the window, click the Add Multiple Curves button. The Add Multiple Curves window opens.
3. On the Category field, select Tutorial. 4. On the Variable field, select Win.Winj.
5. Click OK to close Add Multiple Curves window. 6. On the Edit Plot window, click OK to create the plot.
Creating Patterns from an ASCII File
If you have determined the allocation factors already and it is in a document or spreadsheet, you can reformat the data and load it into OFM. The pattern data can be static or dynamic. For dynamic patterns, the allocation factors may change over time as injectors are created and terminated. You can remove wells from a pattern as new patterns are created. In this section, you add patterns to the project by loading a formatted data file. They will be the same patterns that you created interactively.
1. Open Notepad or a similar text editor. 2. In a new text file, enter the following:
*Label Pattern
*WELL *Factor *Loss
*Set Tutorial *Pattern "P-0" *Date 19000101 "491WI:B" 1.000000 0.000000 "492WI:B" 0.500000 0.000000 "495:B" 1.000000 0.000000 "498WI:B" 1.000000 0.000000 "502WI:B" 0.500000 0.000000 *Pattern "P-1" *Date 19000101 "492WI:B" 0.500000 0.000000
"496:B" 1.000000 0.000000 "502WI:B" 0.500000 0.000000 "503WI:B" 0.500000 0.000000 *Pattern "P-2" *Date 19000101 "493WI:B" 0.500000 0.000000 "494WI:B" 1.000000 0.000000 "497:B" 1.000000 0.000000 "503WI:B" 0.500000 0.000000 "507WI:B" 1.000000 0.000000
3. Notice the following lines:
n The fourth line (*Pattern "P-0") is the pattern name. n The third line (*Set Tutorial) is the Pattern Set name. n The fifth line (*Date 19000101) is the effective date.
n The sixth line ("491WI:B" 1.000000 0.000000) is the wellname, factor, and loss. To remove a well from a pattern at a specific date, change either the pattern allocation factor to zero, or set the loss factor to 1.0.
4. Save the file with a .pat file extension and then close the text editor.
5. In OFM, on the Setup tab, in the Import/Export group, click Import > Data Loader. The OFM Data Loader opens.
6. In the upper section, double-click the pattern (.pat) file you created. The Files to Load section lists the file.
7. Click Load.
A warning message confirms your choice. 8. On the warning message, click OK.
The new patterns are loaded into your project. On the Navigation pane, OFM lists them with the other patterns. OFM also lists them on the Edit Patterns window. (To see this window, on the Setup tab, in the Workspace Managers group, click Patterns.)
Tutorial: PVT
For reservoir engineering, you must convert surface oil and gas production volumes to downhole or reservoir volumes. With those values, the reservoir engineer monitors the performance of the reservoir relative to the overall depletion strategy. Fluid properties change as reservoir conditions (especially pressure) change. The PVT module has many industry-accepted correlations that you can use to calculate an estimated value for a fluid property (such as viscosity).
In this tutorial, you will:
1. Create a PVT entity for each fluid: In this tutorial, you configure your project to produce from two separate fluid compartments, named Region_A and Region_B. So, you must define the fluid for each of these compartments. You can create two PVT entities.
2. Map completions to their PVT entity: In this section of the tutorial, you mark which completion produces from Region_A, and which completion produces from Region_B. This is generally time-independent information, and so it can be included in a static table. Any static table in the project is OK. You will use the master table to create a column in which this information will reside.
3. Use PVT system functions: To use the fluid correlation calculations in your work, you can use of a group of system functions in that relate directly to the PVT functionality. It is OK to call these
functions directly in your eventual calculation, but to make the feature more visible you can create a calculated variable specifically to return the Formation Volume Factor.
4. Calculate reservoir oil volume: In this section of the tutorial, you make the final calculation.
Creating a PVT Entity for Each Fluid
In this tutorial, you configure your project to produce from two separate fluid compartments, named Region_A and
1. Open the Demo workspace. It is in the OFM installation folder, at ...Sample Workspaces\Demo Workspace\demo.ofm.
2. On the Setup tab, in the Workspace Managers group, click PVT.
The PVT Entity Name window opens. One entity is listed, named Default. You cannot rename or delete this entity.
3. Click Add.
The Add New PVT Table Entity window opens.
4. Enter Region_A as the name you want to assign the new entity and then click OK. The Edit PVT Information window opens for Region_A.
5. On the Oil Correlations tab, for the Formation Volume Factor, Bo correlation, select Standing. 6. On the PVT Data tab, confirm that the remaining data required for the correlation are available.
In this case, note that there are already entries for the reservoir initial pressure, oil and gas gravity, and temperature. The reservoir pressure value is used to determine the solution gas oil ratio, which
is controlled by a separate correlation choice on the Oil Correlations tab. Therefore, for this tutorial, you need do nothing on this tab.
7. Click OK.
8. On the PVT Entity Name window, create a second fluid compartment: Click Add. 9. Enter Region_B as the name and then click OK.
10. On the Oil Correlations tab, for the Formation Volume Factor, Bo correlation, select Vasquez and Beggs.
11. Click OK. 12. Click Close.
13. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Mapping Completions to their PVT Entity
In this section of the tutorial, you mark which completion produces from Region_A, and which completion produces from Region_B. This is generally time-independent information, and so it can be included in a static table. Any static table in the project is OK. You will use the master table to create a column in which this information will reside.
1. On the Setup tab, in the Tables group, click Schema. The Edit Schema Tables window opens.
2. On the left side of the window, select the HEADERID table. 3. On the right side of the window, select the Fields tab. 4. In the Add New Field section, enter PVT_Region. 5. Select Text from the drop-down list.
6. Click Add.
The new field name appears in the list of Available Fields. 7. Click OK.
Now you can enter the data.
8. On the Filter pane, click Clear Filter to remove any previously applied filters. 9. On the Setup tab, in the Tables group, click Data Grid.
The Select OFM Table to Edit window opens. 10. Select HEADERID.
11. Select Edit All Records. 12. Click OK.
n On the row for BLUE_1:Ge_6, enter Region_A. n On the row for BLUE_1:He_0, enter Region_B. n On the row for BLUE_1:Li_1C, enter Region_A.
14. Close the HEADERID:All Records tab to save your changes.
15. Now you must signal that the new field in the HEADERID table dictates which set of PVT correlation data to use. On the Setup tab, in the Tables group, click Association.
The Associations window opens.
16. In the PVT field, select HEADERID.PVT_Region. 17. Click OK.
You have fully mapped the two PVT regions to the project. 18. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Using PVT System Functions
To use the fluid correlation calculations in your work, you can use of a group of system functions in that relate directly to the PVT functionality. It is OK to call these functions directly in your eventual calculation, but to make the feature more visible you can create a calculated variable specifically to return the
Formation Volume Factor.
1. On the Setup tab, in the Variable Managers group, click Calculated Variable Editor. The Calculated Variables window opens.
2. Click Add Calculated Variable.
The Edit Calculated Variable window opens.
3. Enter the following expression in the text field: @PvtBo(3000)
Note: @PvtBo is one of many PVT system functions. You can view the full list by clicking on the system functions button and scrolling to the section beginning Pvt. Most of the @Pvt system functions require pressure data. In this example, you provided the simplest form of input data, a single number (3000 psi). In practice, a more useful form of the expression would call a dynamic variable for pressure, such as @PvtBo (Monthlyprod.pressure). This will result in a continuous estimate of Formation Volume Factor.
4. Click OK.
The new calculated variable displays as the last item on the list. By default, OFM names it NewItem. 5. In the Name column, delete the name NewItem and rename the variable FVF.
6. At the top of the Variable Editor window, click Report. OFM adds the report columns in the window.
7. In the Report Width Decimals column, for the FVF row, select 3. 8. Click OK.
Calculating Reservoir Oil Volume
In this section of the tutorial, you make the final calculation.1. On the Setup tab, in the Variable Managers group, click Calculated Variable Editor. 2. Click Add Calculated Variable.
3. Enter the following expression in the text field: Monthlyprod.oil * FVF 4. Click OK.
The new calculated variable displays as the last item on the list. By default, OFM names it NewItem. 5. In the Name column, delete the name NewItem and rename the variable Reservoir_Oil_Vol. 6. Assign suitable attributes (such as units).
Note: To test the new calculated variable, you can create a report with the following definition: Date, Monthlyprod.Oil, FVF, reservoir_Oil_Vol. Note the new functionality for the first three completions in the project. See how the FVF value changes when selecting completions from the two different PVT regions.
Tutorial: Creating and Editing Plots
You can create plots to display information graphically. OFM produces plots from stored data or from calculated results in the project.
In this tutorial, you will:
1. Create a plot that displays data for a single completion: The simplest form of a line plot is a time-dependent display of monthly oil and gas production for a selected completion. In this section of the tutorial, you create one.
2. Extend a plot to multiple Y-axes: You can extend the visualization capabilities of the plot. 3. Extend a plot to multiple graphs: You can create up to six graphs in any single OFM plot. In this
section of the tutorial, you add graphs to a plot. You will prepare the following graphs: Oil versus Time, Oil versus Cum Oil, Water Cut versus Time, and Water Cut versus Cum Water. All the graphs do not have to use the same X-axis variable.
4. Create a plot displaying data for a single variable for multiple completions: One way to compare the performance of several entities is to display their data on the same plot. In this section, you display data for a single variable for multiple completions.
5. Edit plot headers: Headers are titles or labels that display on the plot. Headers display information about the entity you select. In this section, you place a simple text title at the top of the plot. Below the text title, you place a title that displays the name of the completion. The title changes as the selected entity (in this case, the selected completion) changes.
6. Use categories to display different levels of information: You can configure plots to display data at more than one level. In this section, you use categories in the plots to compare the performance of an individual completion with the performance of the reservoir from which it produces.
7. Export a plot template: After you have prepared a plot, you can save the features of the plot (but not the data) to an external file as a template. With the template, you can share the features with a colleague while keeping the data confidential. Your colleague can import the template (a .grf file) into their project, and their plot will have the same structure as the original, plotting the same variable names but applied to the set of wells in their project.
8. Import a plot template
Creating a Plot that Displays Data for a Single Completion
The simplest form of a line plot is a time-dependent display of monthly oil and gas production for a selected completion. In this section of the tutorial, you create one.
1. Open the Demo workspace. It is in the OFM installation folder, at ...Sample Workspaces\Demo Workspace\demo.ofm.
3. On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Plot. The Edit Plot window opens.
4. Notice the X-Axis Variable is set to Date by default.
5. In the table, click the first cell in the Variables column and then select Monthlyprod.Oil. 6. Click Add Curve.
OFM adds a new row.
7. Click the new cell in the Variables column and then select Monthlyprod.Gas. 8. Click OK.
The plot (with default features) opens.
9. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Extending a Plot to Multiple Y-Axes
You can extend the visualization capabilities of the plot.1. The curves that display on the primary vertical axis (Axis 1) have been defined. To add another Y-axis,on the Format tab, in the Edit group, click Variables.
The Edit Plot window opens.
2. On the right, in the Y Axis group, set the Number of Axes to 2. 3. Set the Current Axes to Y-AXIS 2.
Note the Variables list area is empty, because it is for Y-axis 2.
4. In the first row, click the cell in the Variables column and then select Water.Cut. 5. Click OK.
By default, the second Y-axis is on the right side of the graph. You can adjust the attributes of this axis (for example, linear scale, maximum and minimum values, and so on) by selecting the axis and then making changes on the Property pane, under Axis.
6. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Note: You can create up to six Y-axes for each graph (and up to six graphs) in a single OFM plot. By default, OFM places the even-numbered Y-axes on the right side of the graph, and the odd-numbered Y-axes on the left side.
Extending a Plot to Multiple Graphs
You can create up to six graphs in any single OFM plot. In this section of the tutorial, you add graphs to a plot. You will prepare the following graphs: Oil versus Time, Oil versus Cum Oil, Water Cut versus Time, and Water Cut versus Cum Water. All the graphs do not have to use the same X-axis variable.
1. Create a new plot: On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Plot. The Edit Plot window opens.
3. Because you selected a number greater than or equal to 4, a message asks if you want to overlap the graphs. Select Yes or No.
Depending on your choice, the four graphs display as shown below:
4. First, work with Graph 1:
a. In the Graph group (on the right) set the Current Graph to GRAPH 1. b. In the X-Axis group (at the top), leave Date as the X-axis variable.
c. Click the cell on the first row, in the Variables column, and then select Monthlyprod.Oil as the Y-axis variable.
5. Next, work with Graph 2:
a. In the Graph group, change the Current Graph to GRAPH 2. b. In the X-Axis group, set the X-axis variable to Oil.Cum.
c. Click the cell on the first row, in the Variables column, and then select Monthlyprod.Oil as the Y-axis variable.
6. Then, work with Graph 3:
a. In the Graph group, change the Current Graph to GRAPH 3. b. In the X-Axis group, set the X-axis variable to Date.
c. Click the cell on the first row, in the Variables column, and then select Water.Cut as the Y-axis variable.
7. And last, work with Graph 4:
a. In the Graph group, change the Current Graph to GRAPH 4. b. In the X-Axis group, set the X-axis variable to Water.Cum.
c. Click the cell on the first row, in the Variables column, and then select Water.Cut as the Y-axis variable.
8. Click OK.
Notice the layout of the plot. Usually, you will want to set the X-axis variables on the second and fourth plots to linear.
9. On the plot, click directly on the X-axis scale (the horizontal line).
Handle marks display at both ends and in the middle, confirming that this is the object you want to adjust.
10. On the Property pane, under Axis, expand Scale. 11. Set Scale Type to Linear.
12. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Creating a Plot Displaying Data for a Single Variable for Multiple
Completions
One way to compare the performance of several entities is to display their data on the same plot. In this section, you display data for a single variable for multiple completions.
1. Create a new plot: On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Plot. The Edit Plot window opens.
2. On the X-Axis Variable field, select Date. 3. Click Add Multiple Curves.
The Add Multiple Curves window opens.
4. On the Category field, you select the level in the project at which you want to display the data. Select Completion.
5. On the Variable field, you select the single variable whose data you want to display for all completions. Select Monthlyprod.Oil.
Note: If your current filter contains more than 50 entities, you will receive a message asking if you want to add the curves to your plot. Click Yes.
6. On the Edit Plot window, click OK to display the plot. The plot displays monthly oil production for the entities. 7. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Editing Plot Headers
Headers are titles or labels that display on the plot. Headers display information about the entity you select. In this section, you place a simple text title at the top of the plot. Below the text title, you place a title that displays the name of the completion. The title changes as the selected entity (in this case, the selected completion) changes.
1. With your plot open, on the Format tab, in the Edit group, click Header. The Headers window opens.
2. Click Add.
OFM inserts a blank row.
3. On the blank row, type "MY COMPANY"and then press Enter. When entering a text string, you must use quotation marks around the text.
4. Click Add.
OFM inserts another blank row.
5. On the new blank row, type "Completion" + @Loadname () and then press Enter. You must include the space immediately after the word completion for proper spacing.
6. Click OK.
The headers display on the plot.
7. (Optional) Drag the header to a new location on the plot.
8. On the Navigation pane, select other completions to see how the dynamic portion of the header changes.
9. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Using Categories to Display Different Levels of Information
You can configure plots to display data at more than one level. In this section, you use categories in the plots to compare the performance of an individual completion with the performance of the reservoir from which it produces.1. Create a new plot: On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Plot. The Edit Plot window opens.
2. On the X-Axis Variable field, select Date.
3. Click the cell on the first row, in the Variables column, and then select Monthlyprod.Oil. Observe the entries in the next two columns: Category is set to Current, and Name is set to correspond to the entity (in other words, completion) you currently have selected on the Navigation pane.
4. Click Add Curve. OFM adds a new row.
5. Click the cell on the new row, in the Variables column, and then select Monthlyprod.Oil again. 6. In the Category column for the second row, change the category to Reservoir.
By default, the entry in the Name column is CURRENT. Usually, this is the name you will want, but it is possible to use this column to specify that this curve will be for one particular reservoir.
7. Click OK.
n Curve 1 displays the monthly oil production for the selected completion.
n Curve 2 displays the monthly oil production for the reservoir to which the selected completion belongs.
9. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Exporting a Plot Template
After you have prepared a plot, you can save the features of the plot (but not the data) to an external file as a template. With the template, you can share the features with a colleague while keeping the data confidential. Your colleague can import the template (a .grf file) into their project, and their plot will have the same structure as the original, plotting the same variable names but applied to the set of wells in their project.
Note: The template will only be applicable to an OFM project which uses the same variable names as the original project from which it was created.
1. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, select Save Analysis > Save As. 2. Select a location and name for the file, including the .grf extension.
3. Click Save.
You now can send the file to your colleague.
Importing a Plot Template
1. Create a new plot: On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Plot. The Edit Plot window opens.
2. Do not make any changes. Click OK. An empty plot opens.
3. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, click Open Analysis.
4. In the OFM application directory, select ...\Sample Workspaces\Demo Database\Format Files\prod1.grf, and then click Open.
5. On the Navigation pane, select a new completion. The plot format will look similar to the following:
Tutorial: Auditing Plots
You can further increase your analysis of plots with the trace, compute line, flag, tabular report, and auto-print features. In this tutorial, you will:
1. Use the Trace Plot utility: Use this utility to mark or digitize a point anywhere on the plot. The marked point remains visible while you scroll through other entities in the project. In this way, you can see the location of a particular data point (for example, the peak production for completion A) while viewing the same plot for other completions (for example, B, C, and so on).
2. Use the Compute a Line utility: With OFM, you can find the equation of a straight line fit through a region you define on your plot. Like the trace point feature, you can lock this line to compare the curve it represents with other entities.
3. Print (Auto Print) the plot: There are two ways to print. If you use the normal printing method, OFM prints the plot for the currently-selected entity. If you use Auto Print, you can print or save as graphic files in a batch process the plots for all completions in the current filter.
4. Flag a completion: While viewing plots for each completion in your project, you may want to study further one or more completions. You can mark (or, flag) completions and later you can return to the flagged completions as a separate collection.
5. Send a plot to a tabular report: You can transform the display of data from a graphical format (a plot) to a tabular format (a report).
Getting Started
For this tutorial, you need a plot. If you have already created plots while doing the "Creating and Editing Plots" tutorial, you can use one of those. If you have not completed that tutorial, follow these steps to create a quick plot:
1. Open the Demo workspace. It is in the OFM installation folder, at ...Sample Workspaces\Demo Workspace\demo.ofm.
2. On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Plot. The Edit Plot window opens.
3. Notice that OFM sets the X-Axis Variable to Date by default.
4. In the table, click the first cell in the Variables column and then select Monthlyprod.Oil. 5. Click Add Curve.
OFM adds a new row.
6. Click the new cell in the Variables column and then select Monthlyprod.Gas. 7. Click OK.
The plot opens.
Using the Trace a Plot Utility
Use this utility to mark or digitize a point anywhere on the plot. The marked point remains visible while you scroll through other entities in the project. In this way, you can see the location of a particular data point (for example, the peak production for completion A) while viewing the same plot for other completions (for example, B, C, and so on).
1. With the plot open, on the Navigation pane select the Blue_1:Li_1C completion.
There is a spike in oil production in 1980 (circled in the following graphic). You want to watch this event while viewing other completions in the project.
2. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, click Trace Plot. 3. Click one time at the point where there is a spike in production. 4. On the Format tab, in the Display group, click Lock Trace.
You should now see a small mark at the selected point.
5. Select another completion with a production history coincident with the previous completion (for example, Blue_5:Li_1C is a good choice).
Note how the location of the spike in production for completion Blue_1:Li_1C is marked on the plot for Blue_5:Li_1C.
Note: To change the color, shape, and size of the mark symbol, on the Format tab, in the Utilities group, click Trace/line Attributes. To remove the mark and disable the utility, in the Display group, clear the Lock Trace check box.
Using the Compute Line Utility
With OFM, you can find the equation of a straight line fit through a region you define on your plot. Like the trace point feature, you can lock this line to compare the curve it represents with other entities.
1. On the Navigation pane, select the Blue_5:Li_1C completion. 2. Set the Y-axis to logarithmic:
a. On the plot, click the Y-axis scale.
Handle marks display at both ends and in the middle, confirming that this is the object you want to adjust.
b. On the Property pane, under Axis, expand Scale. c. Set Scale Type to Logarithmic.
There is a strong decline period in oil production from 1973 to 1978. (See marked region in graphic). You want to watch this decline while viewing other completions in the project.
3. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, click Compute Line.
4. On the plot, drag a representative straight line through the decline period.
Note the information at the bottom of the OFM window. If the plot is a semi log, the relevant equation of the line will be similar to the following:
5. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, click Lock Line. OFM freezes the line.
6. On the Navigation pane, select another completion with a production history coincident with the previous completion (for example, Blue_1:Li_1C is a good choice).
OFM highlights the locked line (which represents the declining oil production for completion Blue_ 5:Li_1C) on the plot for Blue_1:Li_1C.
Note: To change the color, shape, and size of the line, on the Format tab, in the Utilities group, click Trace/line Attributes. To remove the mark and disable the utility, clear the Lock Line check box.
7. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Printing (Auto Print) Plot Views
There are two ways to print. If you use the normal printing method, OFM prints the plot for the currently-selected entity. If you use Auto Print, you can print or save as graphic files in a batch process the plots for all completions in the current filter.
1. On the Workspace tab, click Auto Print.
2. To print the plot for each of the completions in the current filter, select Printer and then click Print. 3. To save each of the plots as an image file (such as .bmp, .jpg, and .tiff), select Print to multiple
files, select a naming scheme for the output files, and then click Print.
Flagging a Completion
While viewing plots for each completion in your project, you may want to study further one or more completions. You can mark (or, flag) completions and later you can return to the flagged completions as a separate collection.
1. When you see a plot that requires further investigation, on the Home tab, select Flag well. 2. When you finish reviewing the plots and you want to study the flagged completions, on the Filter
pane, click Filter by Completion ( ). The Filter by Completion window opens. 3. Click Select Flagged.
The Filter pane now shows that your Current Filter contains only the flagged completions. 5. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Sending a Plot to a Tabular Report
You can transform the display of data from a graphical format (a plot) to a tabular format (a report). 1. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, click Send to Report.
The report opens, displaying the data that displayed on Graph 1 of the plot. 2. You can edit the attributes of the report on the Property pane.
Tutorial: Bubble Map
You can create bubble maps to visualize one or more variables in a map view. The bubble map displays data for the completions in the current filter, and you can reuse it for different sets of completions within the OFM project.
In this tutorial, you will: 1. Create a bubble map
2. Change the bubble color and shape: You can set the shape and color of the bubbles. In this section of the tutorial, you change the shape and default color of the bubble.
3. Change color scale properties: You can set the color spectrum, the number of colors displayed, and the size of the color scale legend on the display area. In this section of the tutorial, you change the color scale properties.
4. Move the map legend
5. Add a header to the bubble map: In this section of the tutorial, you edit the headers. You can create headers for the base map, reports, and analytical maps. You can customize the display format of each line.
6. Change the grid and frame properties 7. Use the animation tool
8. Move the bubbles from default positions: You can move the bubbles from their default locations. This is a good idea if they are laying on top of one another.
9. Create a bubble map snapshot: You can create a table in the OFM project database of the data represented in your bubble map. This is most applicable if you are mapping from a .csv file. When you are mapping data already in the database, there is no need to store it back into the database via a map snapshot. See "Saving and Loading Map Results as a .Csv File" and "Creating a Map Snapshot" for more information.
10. Save the bubble map file
Creating a Bubble Map
1. Open the Demo workspace. It is in the OFM installation folder, at ...Sample Workspaces\Demo Workspace\demo.ofm.
2. On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Bubble. The Create Bubble Map window opens.
3. Select the project variable you want to map (for example, Gas.Cum), and then click . 4. Click Next.
5. Select the category by which you want to group data. In this example, use the default selection (Completion).
6. (Optional) Enter a Where clause to filter the data. 7. Click Next.
8. Select the start and end data for which you want to track results.
If left as the default, OFM creates the bubble map from the first to the last date in the project database.
9. Select the method you want to use to sample data in the Data Sampling Frequency field. If left at as the default, OFM uses the data frequency (that is, monthly data will produce a bubble map every month, and daily data will produce a bubble map every day).
10. Click Finish.
The bubble map opens.
11. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Changing the Bubble Color and Shape
You can set the shape and color of the bubbles. In this section of the tutorial, you change the shape and default color of the bubble.
1. You set the color and shape on the Property pane. Under Data, view the Attributes section. 2. Expand Plot Attributes and then expand Method and Shape.
3. Leave Display set to the default of Circle. 4. Set Color to DarkGreen.
If you set the Vary Color field to Yes (the default), Color Scale dictates the color of the bubbles rather than this color setting. You will work with the Color Scale property in the next section. 5. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Changing Color Scale Properties
You can set the color spectrum, the number of colors displayed, and the size of the color scale legend on the display area. In this section of the tutorial, you change the color scale properties.
1. On the Property pane, under Properties, expand Color Scale. 2. Set Style to Vertical.
On the bubble map, the legend changes appearance. If you map more than one variable, you must use the Horizontal Style.
3. Set Spectrum to Rainbow. 4. Set Color to 6.
OFM reduces the color scale to six colors.
Moving the Map Legend
On the bubble map, drag the legend to the upper-left corner of the map.
Adding a Header to the Bubble Map
In this section of the tutorial, you edit the headers. You can create headers for the base map, reports, and analytical maps. You can customize the display format of each line.
1. On the Format tab, in the Edit group, click Header. The Headers window opens.
2. Click Add.
OFM inserts a blank row.
3. On the blank row, type "Cumulative Gas" and then press Enter. When entering a text string, you must use quotation marks around the text.
4. Click Font.
The Font window opens.
5. For Font Style, select Bold and then click OK to return to the Headers window.
6. You can use input or calculated variables in your headers. Click Add again to insert another new row.
7. Click Assist.
The Edit Header window opens.
8. On the list of project variables, double-click Category.Fieldname to move it into the Header text box.
Note: Most calculated variables are for calculations of one entity at a time. For this bubble map, there aren’t any calculated variables in the project that are suitable as a header. A calculated variable that applies to the project as a whole would be suitable, such as one displaying the most recent date in the database or the project file path.
11. Click OK to close the Edit Header window, and click OK again to close the Headers window. The bubble map displays the new header.
12. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Changing the Grid and Frame Properties
1. On the Property pane, under Grids and Limits, set Grid Type to Frame. 2. Set Numbers to No.
The bubble map displays without grid lines or numbers. 3. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Using the Animation Tool
1. On the Format tab, in the Animation Utilities group, click Animate Settings. The Animate Settings window opens.
2. On the Step field, select 12. 3. Select Forward.
4. (Optional) Select Save Animation to an .AVI file if you want to save a copy of the animation as a video.
If you save the animation file, you must select a name and file location for the video. Before the animation starts, you select a video compressor format. The codecs available vary from person to person, and depend on the software installed on your computer. If you want to share the .avi file with another person, select a codec that person has installed (to avoid compatibility issues). 5. Click OK.
The animation starts.
6. To pause or restart the animation, click the control buttons on the Format tab, in the Animation Utilities group.
Moving the Bubbles from Default Positions
You can move the bubbles from their default locations. This is a good idea if they are laying on top of one another.
1. On the Format tab, in the Display group, select Enable Shape Moves. 2. On the bubble map, drag a bubble to a new location.
3. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, select Save Analysis > Save Shapes Positions. The Save Object Locations File window opens.
4. Enter a name for the file, select a location, and then click Save.
The next time you open the bubble map, you can restore the saved bubble positions: On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, select Open Analysis > Shape Positions File.
5. To move the bubbles back to their default positions, on the Format tab, in the Edit group, click Default Position.
Creating a Bubble Map Snapshot
You can create a table in the OFM project database of the data represented in your bubble map. This is most applicable if you are mapping from a .csv file. When you are mapping data already in the database, there is no need to store it back into the database via a map snapshot. See "Saving and Loading Map Results as a .Csv File" and "Creating a Map Snapshot" for more information.
1. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, select Save Analysis > Create Map Snapshot. The Create Map Snapshot window opens.
2. Type Snapshot as the title of the table in which you want to store the snapshot results. 3. Click OK.
The data is written to the table in the OFM project database.
Saving the Bubble Map File
1. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, select Save Analysis > Save As. The Save Bubble Map File window opens.
2. Enter BubbleMap in the File Name field.
3. Navigate to the location in which you want to store the file. 4. Click Save.
Tutorial: Grid Map
You can create grid maps to visualize one data variable in a map view. The grid map displays data for the completions in the current filter, and you can reuse it for different sets of completions within the OFM project.
In this tutorial, you will: 1. Create a grid map
2. Change color scale properties: You can set the color spectrum, the number of colors displayed, and the size of the color scale legend on the display area. In this section of the tutorial, you change the color scale properties.
3. Move the legend
4. Add a header to the grid map: In this section of the tutorial, you edit the headers. You can create headers for the base map, reports, and analytical maps.
5. Change the grid properties 6. Create a grid area
7. Use the animation tool
8. Add control points: Depending on the variable you are gridding, there may be areas of the map with known values that do not match to a well location. For example, for a net pay grid map, you may know from the reservoir geology that the net pay is zero around the edges, or perhaps that there is a fault through the reservoir. With control points, you can set arbitrary values anywhere on the map (not confined to the location of specific completions).
9. Create a grid map snapshot: You can create a table in the OFM project database of the data
represented in your bubble map. This is most applicable if you are mapping from a .csv file. When you are mapping data already in the database, there is no need to store it back into the database via a map snapshot. See "Saving and Loading Map Results as a .Csv File" and "Creating a Map Snapshot" for more information.
Creating a Grid Map
1. Open the Demo workspace. It is in the OFM installation folder, at ...Sample Workspaces\Demo Workspace\demo.ofm.
2. On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Grid Map. The Create Grid Map window opens.
3. Select the project variables you want to map (for example, Gas.Cum), and then click . 4. Click Next.
5. Select the method you want to use to group data. In this example, use the default selection (Completion).
6. (Optional) Enter a Where clause to filter the data. 7. Click Next.
8. Select the start and end data for which you want to track results.
If left as the default, OFM produces the grid map from the first to the last date in the project database.
9. Select the method you want to use to sample data in the Data Sampling Frequency field.
If left at as the default, OFM uses the frequency of the data (that is, monthly data will produce a map every month and daily data will produce a map every day).
10. Click Finish. The grid map opens.
11. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Changing Color Scale Properties
You can set the color spectrum, the number of colors displayed, and the size of the color scale legend on the display area. In this section of the tutorial, you change the color scale properties.
1. On the Property pane, under Properties, expand Color Scale. 2. Set Spectrum to Red.
3. Set Style to Value Range.
On the grid map, the legend changes appearance and shows the value range for each shade of red. 4. Set Colors to 10.
The color scale limited to 10 colors.
5. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Moving the Legend
On the grid map, drag the legend to the upper-left corner of the map.
Adding a Header to the Grid Map
In this section of the tutorial, you edit the headers. You can create headers for the base map, reports, and analytical maps.
1. On the Format tab, in the Edit group, click Header. The Headers window opens.
2. Click Add.
3. On the blank row, type "Cumulative Gas" and then press Enter. When entering a text string, you must use quotation marks around the text.
4. Click Font.
The Font window opens.
5. For Font Style, select Bold and then click OK to return to the Headers window.
6. You can also add input variables or calculated variables as headers. Therefore, click Add again. 7. You can use input or calculated variables in your headers. Click Add again to insert another new
row.
8. Select Assist.
The Edit Header window opens.
9. On the list of project variables, double-click Category.Fieldname to move it into the Header text box.
Note: Most calculated variables are for calculations of one entity at a time. For this grid map, there aren’t any calculated variables in the project that are suitable as a header. A calculated variable that applies to the project as a whole would be suitable, such as one displaying the most recent date in the database or the project file path.
11. Click OK to close the Edit Header window, and click OK again to close the Headers window. The grid map displays the new header.
12. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Changing the Grid Properties
1. On the Property pane, under Grids and Limits, set Grid Type to Frame. 2. Set Numbers to No.
The grid map displays without grid lines or numbers.
3. Under Variable Properties, in the Limit Values section, set Maximum to 1500.
The color distribution on the map changes because any area greater than 1500 is now assigned the same color as 1500.
Creating a Grid Area
1. On the Format tab, in the Grid Area Utilities group, click Add.
2. Select points on the grid map to create a polygon shape around a group of wells (as shown below).OFM automatically connects the last selected point of the polygon to the first point. This redefines the grid limit area. It is the boundary beyond which gridding will not be extended.
3. When you finish, right-click and then select Done.
OFM defines the new grid area from the group of wells selected in the polygon. 4. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Using the Animation Tool
1. On the Format tab, in the Animation Utilities group, click Animate Settings. The Animate Settings window opens.
2. On the Step field, select 12.
3. (Optional) Select Save Animation to an .AVI file if you want to save a copy of the animation as a video.
If you save the animation file, you must select a name and file location for the video. Before the animation starts, you will be asked to select a video compressor format. The codecs available vary from person to person, and depend on the software installed on your computer. If you want to share the .avi file with another person, select a codec that person has installed (to avoid compatibility issues).
5. To pause or restart the animation, click the control buttons on the Format tab, in the Animation Utilities group.
Adding Control Points
Depending on the variable you are gridding, there may be areas of the map with known values that do not match to a well location. For example, for a net pay grid map, you may know from the reservoir geology that the net pay is zero around the edges, or perhaps that there is a fault through the reservoir. With control points, you can set arbitrary values anywhere on the map (not confined to the location of specific completions).
1. On the Format tab, in the Control Point Utilities group, click Add. The Control Point Value window opens.
2. In the Value field, enter 5 and then click OK.
3. Inside the grid area of your map, south of wells O-33 and G-15, click three points. 4. When you finish, right-click and then select Done.
The color distribution changes as that area was previously showing with darker red color (indicating higher values).
5. To use or disable the control points, on the Format tab, in the Control Point Utilities group, select or clear Use.
Creating a Grid Map Snapshot
You can create a table in the OFM project database of the data represented in your bubble map. This is most applicable if you are mapping from a .csv file. When you are mapping data already in the database, there is no need to store it back into the database via a map snapshot. See "Saving and Loading Map Results as a .Csv File" and "Creating a Map Snapshot" for more information.
1. On the Format tab, in the Utilities group, select Save Analysis > Create Map Snapshot. The Create Map Snapshot window opens.
2. Enter a table name and then click OK.
Tutorial: Contour Map
You can create contour maps to visualize one data variable in a map view. The contour map displays data for the completions in the current filter, and you can reuse it for different sets of completions within the OFM project.
In this tutorial, you will: 1. Create a contour map
2. Change the color scale properties: You can set the color spectrum, the number of colors displayed, and the size of the color scale legend on the display area. In this section of the tutorial, you change the color scale properties.
3. Move the legend
4. Edit map parameters: With the map properties, you can set the grid size, data ranges, and scale types for the variables.
5. Create a grid area: You can create a boundary around a group of wells to redefine the grid limit area. 6. Advance the contour map through time
7. Animate the map: With animation, you can quickly progress through the life of a field.
8. Add control points to the contour map: Depending on which variable you are contouring, there may be areas of the map with known values that do not match with a well location. For example, for a net pay contour map, you may know from the reservoir geology that the net pay is zero around the edges, or perhaps that there is a fault through the reservoir. Use control points to set arbitrary values anywhere on the map (not confined to the location of specific completions).
9. Add a header to the contour map: In this section of the tutorial, you edit the headers. You can create headers for the base map, reports, and analytical maps.
Creating a Contour Map
1. Open the Demo workspace. It is in the OFM installation folder, at ...Sample Workspaces\Demo Workspace\demo.ofm.
2. On the Home tab, in the Launch analysis group, click Contour Map. The Create Contour Map window opens.
3. Select the project variables you want to map (for example, Water.CumCut), and then click . 4. Click Next.
5. Select the method you want to use to group data. In this example, use the default method (Completion).
6. (Optional) Enter a Where clause to filter the data. 7. Click Next.
8. Select the start and end data for the contour map.
If left as default, OFM will produce the map from the first to the last date in the project database. 9. Select how often you want OFM to sample data from the Data Sampling Frequency.
If left at the default, OFM uses the data frequency (that is, monthly data produces a contour map every month and daily data produces a contour map every day).
10. Select Finish.
The contour map opens.
11. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Changing the Color Scale Properties
You can set the color spectrum, the number of colors displayed, and the size of the color scale legend on the display area. In this section of the tutorial, you change the color scale properties.
1. On the Property pane, under Properties, expand the Color Scale section. 2. Set Colors to 24.
3. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Moving the Color Scale Legend
On the contour map, drag the legend to the upper-left corner of the map.
Editing Map Parameters
With the map properties, you can set the grid size, data ranges, and scale types for the variables. 1. On the Property pane, under Properties, expand the GRID section.
2. Set the Maximum Grid Size to 250.
This smooths the contour lines because the map is divided into more, and smaller, grid cells. 3. Expand the 2D section.
4. Set Show to Yes.
The numeric values of the contour lines display. 5. Set Decimal Places to 0.
6. Set Distance Between Labels to 4.
The contour line's numeric labels display with no decimal places, and are further apart. 7. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Creating a Grid Area
1. On the Format tab, in the Grid Area Utilities group, click Add.
2. Select points on the map to create a polygon shape around a group of wells (as shown below). OFM automatically connects the last selected point of the polygon to the first point. This redefines the grid limit area.
3. When you finish, right-click and then select Done.
OFM defines the new grid area from the group of wells selected in the polygon. 4. On the Workspace tab, click Save to save your work.
Advancing the Contour Map Through Time
1. On the Format pane, in the Animation Utilities group, click Previous Date to go back by one unit (month, date, or year). In this case, the data is monthly.
2. Click Backward to reverse the contour map through time. 3. Click Stop to stop.
4. Click Next Date to advance the contour map by one unit.
