Android Development: a System Perspective. Javier Orensanz

Android

™

Development:

a System Perspective

ARM - Linux and Communities

Linaro Partner Initiative



Mission:



“Make open source development easier by delivering a common software foundation, across multiple distributions and vertical segments, deployed by the industry's leading OEM, MNO and Semiconductor companies”



Collaborate on common and undifferentiating parts of OSS

components



Include support for latest ARM CPU and features



Validate upstream contributions



Improved Tools support

ARM Open Source Tools



Engagement with the developer community for GNU tools



GNU core tools (GCC, GAS, GLD, binutils, eglibc)



Thumb®-2 support for improved performance and code size



Cortex™-A8 and Cortex-A9 performance tuning



Sponsoring CodeSourcery releases



Pre-built, pre-packaged GCC binaries



Adding Linux profiling



Oprofile



LTTng, ftrace, perf-events



Promote Linux ABI for the ARM architecture



Ensures GCC and RVCT interworking



Enable Debuggers and performance analyzers to work with any compilation tools

Smartphones Towards a Smarter World



Annual sales up 24% in 2009 to 172.4 million units



14% of total sales in 2009, growing to 38% by 2013



Half of all mobile phones in North America by 2012

Android on Smartphones (and Beyond)



20% of US smartphone subscribers Aug’10 (comScore)



34% of total smartphone sales in the US in Q2’10 (Canalys)



Android, Symbian, Maemo and other Linux variants will

account for over 62% of mobile devices by 2012 (Gartner 09)

MID Tablet

Android is Made for ARM



Android was developed and shipped on ARM



Android is optimized for ARM



1,200 files of assembler code.



20,000 or 28% of Bionic libraries are ARM assembler



6,300 C & 4,900 C++ files many with ARM optimizations



Google, ARM and other OHA Partners deliver more ARM

ARM Growing the Android Ecosystem



Technology Investment



Processor Architecture for 21st Century Web-centric computing



Tools to get the best from processor architecture



Optimization of open technologies and software



Readily available tools and hardware reference designs



ARM Solution Center for Android



An Ecosystem nucleus that partners can orbit around



Access the latest technology



Collaborate



Compete on a level playing field



Deliver solutions

Android Platform



Android is a complex layered system



Different programming languages and tools for different layers

Jav a N ati v e Managed code • Rich UI • Framework API • Tight integration: • System events – UI • Lower performance Native code • Improved performance • Code re-use • Unsupported libraries



Eclipse provides a complete framework for Android software



Android SDK plug-ins for Java applications



DS-5 for C/C++ performance-critical native applications and libraries

Nat Apps Debug

JTAG Debug DS -5 Jav a N ati v e SD K +A D T

Android Development

Eclipse Framework



Most Android development is done in Eclipse



Code editing, debug, performance analysis with Android SDK/NDK



Eclipse Integrated Development Environment (IDE)



Eclipse is an open source environment for software development



Works across host and target platforms and programming languages



Widely used across 160+ companies, with 1100+ plug-ins on offer



Eclipse increases the efficiency of development teams by

integrating a diversity of tools into a single framework



RTOS debuggers and profilers



Software tools for ARM, DSPs and other processor architectures

Speeding Up on the Native Side



Performance-critical code is written as C/C++



Investing resources in this area delivers highest benefit



ARM DS-5™ focuses on Linux and Android native development



Keep an eye on performance!



Native FIR in C: 884.18 ms



Native FIR in C with NEON™ intrinsics: 310.31 ms (almost 3x faster)

Dalvik JIT Compiler

Native code ~2x faster

Dalvik interpreter

Native code 10-20x faster

Compiler

Eclipse

Debugger

Device Configuration Database

Hardware Debug

Perf. Analyzer

IDE

Simulation



The ARM Compiler is the reference compiler for the ARM

architecture



Earliest support for new processors and instruction sets



Professionally supported and maintained



Highly compatible with GNU Compiler



Builds the ARM Debian distribution

and most open source Linux packages



Higher performance



NEON vectorization, Thumb®-2



Smaller code size



Efficient C/C++ Software Compilation

80% 90% 100% 110% 120% 130% RVDS 3.1 RVDS 4.0 RVDS 4.1

Compiler Improvement over 5 yrs

Performance

Codesize RVDS 2.2

Bring-up and Kernel Development



Stop-mode debug is critical for board/platform bring-up



Stop the processor after reset



Configure the target with a debugger script



Use debugger views to verify the system



Single-step through the code



ETM/PTM trace is available!

Android Library Development



Run-mode debug is best



System and other applications always running



Low cost Ethernet connection for debug



DS-5 offers all the advantages of a professional debugger



Automatically download and debug software



Multi-thread application debug on Windows and Linux hosts

Android Application Development



Normally done with Android SDK (also run-mode debug)



Android SDK is also integrated in Eclipse



Same “look and feel” as DS-5



Simultaneous debug of applications and libraries using SDK + DS-5



Just click on a button to switch between SDK and DS-5



When a breakpoint is hit the switch is automatic



Android SDK works!



Very widely used (most Android developers write in Java)  robust and powerful



There is no benefit in using JTAG for Java development

Android Library Performance Analysis



ARM Streamline covers

performance analysis of

the middleware layer



Timeline analysis with annotation



Profiling and call path reports



Stack analysis



Requires only a network (Eth, USB) connection to the target



Streamline enables



Analyse how your software runs on ARM targets



Spot bottlenecks and code inefficiencies

Application Performance Analysis



TraceView supports performance analysis at Java level



Requires the code to be instrumented to signal start/stop



Relies on instrumentation  slows down application

Summary



Android is very important to ARM success



Accordingly, ARM is investing a lot in Android



Android SDK is a widely used environment for Android Java

application development



ARM DS-5 provides a professional development environment

for critical native code



High-performance compiler



Stop-mode and run-mode debugger



Streamline performance analyzer

Thank You

Please visit

www.arm.com

for ARM related technical details