A Guide to PLC (U Soe Tint) Rev 1.0

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Instrumentation Engineer July 2013

(4)

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tcef; (1) PLC jzpfay:vmyHktaMumif;/ 8

tcef; (2) PLC _udk_{jcHKiHkavYvmoHk;oyfjcif;/}₁₈

Size of PLC ₂₀

PLC Architecture ₂₂

Today’s PLC applications ₂₄

tcef; (3) PLC _eJYcontrol _vkyfyHk_taMumif;/₃₀

PLC Hardware 32

PLC System ₃₄

PLC _{wdkif;rSmyg0ifwJh tajccHtydkif; 5 ykdif;} ₃₅

Power Supply _ykdif; ₃₅

CPU _ykdif; ₃₆

Memory _ykdif; ₃₇

I/O Image Memory 39

Input Interface ₄₃

Output Interface ₄₆

(1) Relay Output 47

(2) Transistor Output 48

(3) TRIAC Output (SSR Output) ₄₉

PLC Status Indicators and I/O Status Indicators ₅₀

tcef; (4) PLC _ukd_{wyfqiftoHk;jyKyHktaMumif;/}₅₂

Advised Installation Practices ₅₅

Grounding (Earthing) 55

Personal Safety ₅₇

PLC ukd vHkNcHKatmifxkyfykd;rI tqihfowfrSwfcsuf/ 59

IP eJY NEMA EIdif;,SOfcsuf/ 62

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tcef; (5) PLC Wiring _jyKvkyfyHk/₆₈

1/ Power Supply Wiring ₆₈

2/ Input Wiring ₇₀

3/ Output Wiring ₈₇

1) Relay Output ₈₇

2) Transistor Output ₈₉

3) Triac Output ₉₀

tcef; (6) Sink & Source taMumif;/ 94

tcef; (7) Fail- Safe taMumif;/ 102

tcef; (8) PLC _{rSm oHk;wJh}Number System _taMumif;/₁₀₈ 1) Decimal Number System _{(q,fvDpepfjzifha&wGufjcif;)} ₁₀₉ 2) Binary Number System _{(ESpfvDpepfjzifha&wGufjcif;)} ₁₁₀ 3) Octal Number System _{(&SpfvDpepfjzifha&wGufjcif;)}₁₁₃ 4) Hexadecimal Number System

(q,fhajcmufvDpepfjzifha&wGufjcif;) 114

5) BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) Number System

(q,fvDyHkpHeJY a&;om;xm;wJh ESpfvD pepfjzifh a&wGufjcif;) 115

tcef; (9) Boolean logic _taMumif;/₁₁₈

tcef; (10) PLC Program Overview ₁₂₄

tcef; (11) PLC Basic Programming ₁₂₈

Example program: 1 ₁₃₀

WPLSoft_V2.20.07 Software Installation ₁₃₂

LD _eJYUser Program _{a&;NyD;wkdif;}₁₄₅

Example program: 2 ₁₅₀

Example program: 3 ₁₅₂

SS2 Memory Map ₁₅₇

Logical AND Function Program ₁₆₀

Logical OR Function Program ₁₆₃

Dominant-ON, Dominant-OFF ₁₇₁

OFF-dominant Program ₁₇₄

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tcef; (12) Scan Cycle taMumif;/ 180

Input Scan ₁₈₂

Program Scan ₁₈₃

Output Scan ₁₈₃

PLC _{tvkyfvkyfyHkudk vG,fvG,frSwfxm;csif&if}₂₀₃

tcef; (13) Programming Exercises 1 to 7 ₂₁₀

tcef; (14) PLC _xJuCounter _{taMumif;/ 218}

Up Counter ₂₁₉

Latched Counter ₂₂₁

Up/Down Counter ₂₂₃

tcef; (15) PLC xJu Timer _taMumif;/₂₂₆

(1) ON-delay Timer Function ₂₃₂

(2) OFF-delay Timer Function ₂₃₂

(3) ON/OFF-delay Timer Function ₂₃₃

(4) Single Pulse Output (Single Shot Timer) Function ₂₃₄

(5) Delayed Single Pulse Output Function ₂₃₄

(6) Pulse Train Output Function (Flashing Output) ₂₃₅

(7) Timing Extension ₂₃₆

tcef; (16) Program Summary ₂₃₇

WPLSoft keyboard shortcuts ₂₅₂

tcef; (17) Periodic Inspection and Preventive Maintenance ₂₅₃

PLC System Maintenance ₂₅₄

Troubleshooting the PLC Input Interface ₂₅₅ Troubleshooting the PLC Output Interface ₂₅₇

Terminology ₂₅₉

Reference ₂₆₈

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Omron PLC Example Programs ₂₆₉

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pma&;ol&JU oabmxm; tjrif

,aeYacwf puf½Hk? tvkyf½HkawG rSm Automation System _{udk toHk;jyK aeMuygw,f/} Automation _{qkdwmu puf,EÅ&m;awGudk rdrdtvkdqE´&Sdovkd armif;ESifckdif;wJh tvdktavsmuf}

aqmif&GufapwJh pepf System _jzpfygw,f/Automation System _{ukd oHk;NyD; ukefypönf; xkwf}

vkyfwJh tcg? t&nftaoG; taumif;qHk;? xkwfukefypönf; rsm;rsm;udk jrefjref xkwfvkyfEdkifwJh tjyif? vkyf&udkif&wmvnf; vG,fuloufom apygw,f/ Automation System _{ukd oHk;wJh}

puf½HkawGrSm Robot _wkdY?C.N.C Machine _wkdY?PLC _{wkdYukd wckr[kwfwck oHk;xm;wm awGUMu}

&ygw,f/ PLC _{qkdwmu pufrIvufrIvkyfief;oHk;}Industrial Computer_wpfrsdK; _jzpfygw,f/

'DaeYpuf½HkawGrSm PLC _{udk wGifwGifus,fus,f toHk;jyKaeMuNyD jzpfygw,f/ puf½Hk topf}

wnfaqmufawmhr,fqkd&if PLC _{rygwJh puf½Hkqkdwm r&SdEkdifawmhyg/}

puf½Hkykdif&SifawGu PLC _{taMumif;ukd odxm;cJh&if rdrd&JUvkyfief;rSm tusdK;aus;Zl; ykd}

rsm;atmif pDrHaqmif&GufEkdifMuygr,f/ puftopfudk 0,f,lwnfaqmufwJh tcg Life Cycle Cost _{oufomatmif pOf;pm;wGufcsuf&mrSm taxmuftuljzpfapygw,f/}Life Cycle Cost

qkdwm 0,f,lp&dwf? wyfqifp&dwf? Program _{p&dwf? xdef;odrf; p&dwf? tqifhjr§ifhwJh p&dwf eJY}

pufoufwrf;wavQmuf vnfywfoHk;pGJwJh p&dwf pkpkaygif; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm? puf½Hkwpfck wnfaxmifawmhr,fqkd&if tJ'DpufrSm PLC _{ygcJh&if tpuwnf;u a&mif;oleJY 0,folMum;}

oabmwlnDrI,lwJhtcg? PLC _{eJY ywfoufNyD; nd§EdIif;&r,fY tcsufawGukd jynhfjynhfpHkpHk odxm;}

zkdY vkdtyfygw,f/

PLC _{eJY ywfoufwJh}documentation _awGxJrSmLadder Diagram (PLC Progarm) _udk

azmfjyay;&r,f qdkwmavmufawmh odoifhygw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh PLC _udk Password _eJY

ydwfxm;vkdY &ygw,f/ Password _{rodcJh&if pufysufvkdYyJjzpfjzpf? pufukd wdk;csJUcsifvkdYyJjzpfjzpf} program _{xJ0ifNyD; jyifcsif&if jyifvkdYr&awmhygbl;/ pufa&mif;wJhol}Vendor _{ukdomtm;ukd;&}

awmhrSmjzpfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSmtcsdefvnf;ukef? aiGvnf; ykdukefwwf ygw,f/ Program _udk Hard Copy (Print) _{xkwfNyD; tpuwnf;u}PLC documentation _{awGxJrSm ay;xm;cJh&ifawmh}

em;vnfwwfuRrf;wJholu rl&if; PLC _{eJYyJ jzpfjzpf? oifhawmf&m}PLC _{wpfrsdK;rsdK;eJYyJ jzpfjzpf} program _{udk ul;a&;NyD; rdrd&JUpufudk qufvuf vnfywfEkdifygw,f/}

vuf&SdwnfaqmufNyD;om; bdvyfajrpuf½Hk? tcsdK&nfpuf½Hk? aomufa&oefYpuf½Hk? t&uf (bD,m) puf½Hk? aygifrkefY puf½Hk? pwJh vuf&Sdpuf½Hkwkdif; vkdvkdrSm PLC _{ukd toHk;jyKxm;}

Muygw,f/ vuf&Sdwm0efxrf;aqmifaeMuwJhpuf½Hk;rSL;awG?refae*smawG? tif*sifeD,mawG[m

PLC _{eJY qufpyfywfouf aeMu&ygw,f/}

PLC _{taMumif; rSefrSefuefuef awG;qodjrifMuapzkYd 'DpmtkyfrSm a&;om;azmfjy xm;}

ygw,f/ PLC _rygbJeJYComputer _rSmPLC program _{udk a&;NyD;}Simulate _{vkyfMunhfEkdifwJh} WPLSoft _qkdwJhSoftware _{udk tcrJh &,lEkdifwJh}Website _{ukdvnf; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/}

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Simulate _vkyfwwfzkdY? Program _{a&;wwfzkdY? udkvnf; wqifhNyD;wqifh tao;pdyf}

a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ wu,fwrf; PLC _{ukd avhvmwJhtcg t"du tm;xm; &rSm}

uawmh PLC_{udk xkwfvkyfwJh rl&if;ukrÜPD} OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) _&JU Specification _awG?User Manual _awG?Operation Manual _awG?Programming Manual _awG?

yJjzpfygw,f/

tck'DpmtkyfrSm a&;om;azmfjyxm;wmawGuawmh tJ'D Manual _{awGudkzwf½I avhvm}

wJhtcgrSm ydkNyD;&Sif;atmif? tvG,fwulem;vnfatmif? oabmaygufatmif taxmuftul jzpfzkdY&nf&G,fNyD;a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ enf;ynm? twwfynm? topfawGudk wwfajrmuf atmif? uRrf;usifydkifEkdifatmif? avhvm&mrSm taxmuftul jzpfapr,fY avhvmenf;? oif,lenf;? awG;enf;wpfckukd ay;csifwJhqE´eJY a&;om;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/

'DpmtkyfrSm PLC_{jzpfay:vmyHk?}PLC_{&JU tajccHwnfaqmufyHk?}PLC_{&JU trltusifh?} PLC_{&JU oabmobm0?}PLC Program_{a&;om;enf;? a&;NyD;om;}Program_{udk t"dyÜg,f}

azmfenf;? Program_{udk tjypf&SmjyKjyifenf; pwmawGudk em;vnfatmif? vG,fulatmif}

yHkawG eJY yl;wGJ azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/

'DpmtkyfrSma&;jyxm;wmawGudk zwfNyD;? rSwfom;? pOf;pm;? vufawGYvkyfMunfhzdkY? txl; wdkufwGef;ygw,f/

wdkufwGef;wJhtwdkif; vkyfMunfhMur,f qdk&if? PLC _{eJY tuRrf;w0if r&Sdao;olawG?} PLC _{eJY rvGJraoG oufqkdif? ywfouf&awmhr,fYolawG?}PLC _{eJY &ifqkdif awGUBuHKae&NyD;}PLC

taMumif; ususee? (usMueP) **ee? (*CeP) aoaocsmcsm? odcsifaeMuolawG? vQyfppf tif*sifeD,mawG? pdwf0ifpm;olawGtm;vHk;twGuf tusdK;&SdwJhpmtkyf jzpfvdrfhr,fvkdY ,HkMunfygw,f/

tBuHwl? OmPfwl&if? aemufvlompNrJ jzpfwmrkdY? 'DpmtkyfukdzwfNyD; PLC _taMumif;

ykdaumif;atmif a&;EkdifolawG? rsm;rsm;ay:xGuf vmygapvkdU qkrGefaumif;awmif;vsuf? oifq&m? jrifq&m? Mum;q&m? tm;vHk;wkdU&JU *kPfaus;Zl;udk &nfrSef;í *g&0jyK OD;ñTwf vkdufygw,f/

U Soe Tint

Instrumentation Engineer

AGTI (EC) Mandalay 1969 [email protected]

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tcef; (1)

PLC

jzpfay:vmyHktaMumif;/

PLC ( Programmable Logic Controller )_qkdwmMachine Control_eJYProcess Control

awGrSmoHk;zkdY txl;pDrHxkwfvkyfxm;wJh pufrIvkyfief;oHk;uGefysLwm Industrial Computer

wrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ Automation vkdY ac:wJh tvkdtavsmuf xdef;ausmif; armif;ESifwJhpepf

Automatic Control System _rSmPLC _{udk oHk;Muygw,f/}Automatic Control System _rSm

pufrIvkyfief;oHk;puf½kyf Industrial Robot _awGudkPLC ray:aygufcifuwnf;u toHk;jyK aeMuNyD jzpfygw,f/

Figure 1. _{pufrIvkyfief;oHk;puf½kyf}Unimate Robot

1954 ckESpf? U.S Patent No. 2988237_{eJY rSwfyHkwifxm;wJh}Unimate _{vkdY ac:wJh}Robot

udk George Devol_{u wDxGifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/}

(10)

Figure 2. _{pufrIvkyfief;oHk;puf½kyf}Unimate Robot

General Motors Corporation &JU armfawmfum;xkwfvkyfwyfqifwJh vrf;aMumif;

assembly line _ay:rSm spot welding vkyfzkdYeJY oH&nfusdK oGef;avmif;xm;wJh pufypönf;awG?

um;udk,fxnfawGudk csDro,fykd;? ykdYaqmif? ae&mcsxm; zkdYtwGuf Unimate Robot ukd 1962 ckESpfrSm pwiftoHk;jyKcJhygw,f/

1961 ckESpfuwnf;u puúLpuf½Hk eJY a&eHcsufpuf½HkawGrSm Computer ukd toHk;jyKNyD;

(11)

Figure 3. ₁₉₆₁_ckESpfuIBM 1710 Computer

yHkrSmjyxm;wJh IBM1710 Computer _{udk oHk;NyD; xkwfukeft&nftaoG; jrifhrm;atmif}

aqmif&GufcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'Dacwf? tJ'Dtcgu Computer [m yHkrSmawGU&wJhtwdkif; t&G,f

tpm; BuD;rm;ygw,f/ tyltat;ajymif;vJwJh'Pfukdvnf; rcHEdkifygbl;/ zHk0ifvkdYr&ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh Computer _{udk yHk}(Figure 4) rSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; txl;pDrHjyKvkyf xm;wJh tcef;? Computer Room _{xJrSm xm;&ygw,f/}

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Figure 4. Computer Room

'DtcuftcJawGukd ausmfvTm;EkdifzkdY? Computer _{awGxuf tMurf;cHNyD; puf½Hk? tvkyf½Hk}

awG&JUobm0ywf0ef;usifrSm aumif;aumif;tvkyfvkyfEkdifwJh PLC _{udk wDxGifzkdY BudK;pm;vmMu}

ygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd BudK;pm;MuolawGxJu PLC _{udk atmifjrifatmif taumiftxnf azmfEkdifNyD;}

vufawGUtoHk;csvkdY&wJh Modicon 084 _{vkdY emrnfay;xm; wJh}PLC udk Richard Morley _u

pwifxkwfvkyfcJhygw,f/ Richard Morley _udkDick Morley _{vkdYvnf; ac:Mu ygw,f/ olUukd} Father of PLC _{vkdY todtrSwfjyKMuygw,f/}

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Figure 5a. Richard Morley [ Father of PLC ]

Figure 5b. Historical photo showing from left to right:

(14)

Figure 6. ₁₉₆₈_ckESpfu_xkwfvkyfwJhModicon 084 PLC

yxrqHk; xkwfvkyfwJh PLC udk Modicon 084 vkdY trnfay;&wmuawmh Bedford Associates &JU 84 ck?ajrmuf Project _{jzpfvkdY jzpfygw,f/}

(15)

PLC _{ukdxkwfvkyfzkdY tNydKifBudK;pm;MuwJh ukrÜPD av;ck &Sdygw,f/}

tJ'D ukrÜPDawGuawmh

1/ Information Instruments, Inc. _{(aemuf 1ESpfMumwJhtcg}Allen Bradley _{&JU tykdif}

jzpfoGm;ygw,f)

2/ Digital Equipment Corp (DEC)

3/ _{Century Detroit}_eJY

4/ Bedford Associates wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/

Bedford Associates _{&JU tif*sifeD,mwpfOD;jzpfwJh}Richard Morley _[mPLC_{rSm yg&}

r,fh tcsuftvuf tao;pdyfudk 1968 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv? 1&ufaeY? rSm tNyD;owfa&;qGJ owfrSwf EkdifcJhygw,f/ olU&JU U.S Patent No. u 3761893 jzpfygw,f/

Bedford Associates_{&JU tif*sifeD,mrsm;jzpfMuwJh}

1/ Richard Morley

2/ Mike Greenberg

3/ Jonas Landau

4/ George Schwenk eJY

5/ Tom Boissevain _{wkdY ig;OD;[m}PLC xkwfvkyfzkdYtwGuf Modicon qkdwJh ukrÜPD topfudk wnfaxmifcJhygw,f/

Modicon _{qkdwJhemrnfuawmh} Modular Digital Controller vkdY t"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ Modular type PLC_{xkwfvkyfzkdY&nf&G,f BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhMuwm jzpfygw,f/ vkyfaqmifcsuf} Function_wpfrsdK;udkUnit wpfck? Board_wpfck?Module _{wpfck? tjzpf wnfaqmufxm;cJh&if}

ysufvkdYjyif&wJhtcgrSm ysufwJh module ukdom topfeJY tpm;xkd;vJvS,f &wmjzpfvkdY vG,ful ygw,f/ tcsdefukefoufomygw,f/

armfawmfum;xkwfvkyfwJh General Motors Corporation _{u tif*sifeD,mawG[m}

ESpfpOf armfawmfum; Model _{ajymif;vJxkwfvkyfwJhtcgwkdif; awGUBuHKaeMu&wJh tcuftcJukd}

ajyvnfzkdY enf;vrf;&SmazGaeMuygw,f/ tJ'Dtcgu Automation system _udkrelay logic _eJY

wnfaqmufMuygw,f/ ta&twGuf&meJYcsDNyD;yg0ifwJh relay _{awGudk armfawmfum; armf',f}

topf ajymif;wkdif; 0g,mqufoG,frItopf jyefvkyf&ygw,f/

tJ'DtwGuf vkyf&ukdif&wmcufcJNyD; tifrwef tcsdefukefygw,f/ vkyf&ukdif&wm vG,fulNyD; 'DxufoufomwJh enf;vrf;udk &SmBuHaeMuwJh tcsdefrSm Bedford Associates u

PLC udk xkwfvkyfawmhr,fqkdwmudk Mum;awmh 0,fcsifwJhtaMumif; General Motors_{u p}

(16)

yxrtokwftjzpf a':vm 1oef;zkd;0,f,lzkdY oabmwlnDrI&Muygw,f/ yxrqHk;

PLC_jzpfwJhModicon 084_{udk 1969 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvrSm}General Motors_{u pwifvufcH&&Sd}

toHk;jyKcJhygw,f/ oHk;&wmtqifajyvkdY aemufxyf a':vm 1oef;zkd;ukd General Motors_u

xyfrH 0,f,ljyefygw,f/ PLC rlykdifcGifh OEM (Original EquipementManufacturer)_ukdvnf; General Motors_{u &,loGm;ygw,f/}

1977 ckESpfrSm Modicon ukd Gould Electronics _{u vTJajymif;&,lNyD;}PLC_ukd

qufvuf xkwfvkyfygw,f/ tJ'Daemuf *smrefukrÜPD wpfckjzpfwJh AEG _u Modicon udk qufvuf vTJajymif;&,lygw,f/

1997 ckESpfrSm Modicon _{ukd jyifopfukrÜPD wpfckjzpfwJh}Schneider Electric _u

qufvuf vTJajymif;&,ljyefygw,f/ Modicon _&JUOEM _{u ,aeYtcsdefxd}Schneider _jzpfae

ygw,f/

Figure 7. ₁₉₇₃_ckESpfu_xkwfvkyfwJhModicon 184 PLC

1973 ckESpfrSm Michael Greenberg _{u yHkpHxkwfwJh}Modicon 184_{ukd xyfrH}

xkwfvkyfcJhygw,f/

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Modicon 084_rSmwHk;ulogic function _{yJ ygygw,f/ aemufykdif;xkwfwJh}PLC_awG

usrS ocFsmwGufcsufrIjzpfwJh taygif;? tEkwf? tajr§muf? tpm;? ukd xyfxnhfygw,f/ tJ'DaemufrSm Subroutine udkxyfxnhfygw,f/ 1970 ckESpf? ESpfv,frSmxkwfvkyfwJh PLC rSm MIPS processor (MIPS : Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) _ESpfvHk;ukd

oHk;xm;ygw,f/ Memory _u 128 kilo bytes &Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dacwf tJ'Dtcg rSmawmh

xl;jcm;aumif;rGefwJh t&nftaoG;jzpfygw,f/ 1971 ckESpfrSm Allen Bradley_{u olU&JU}

yxrOD;qHk; PLC_jzpfwJhBulletin 1774 _{ukd xkwfvkyf ygw,f/}

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1977 ckESpfrSmxkwfvkyfwJh Allen Bradley PLC_rSm8080 microprocessor _{udk pwif}

toHk;jyKcJhygw,f/ PLC_{udk pwifxkwfvkyfpOftcgu}PC (Programmable Controller)_vkdY

ac:wGif cJhMuygw,f/ 1980 ckESpf Personal Computer _{awG toHk; wGifus,fvmwJh tcgrSm} PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)_{vkdY ajymif;vJ ac:a0:vmMuygw,f/}PLC_qkdwm Allen Bradley _{u ay;cJhwJh emrnfjzpfygw,f/ 1985 ckESpfrSm}Rockwell Automation _u Allen Bradley _{ukd 0,f,lvkdufwJhtwGuf tcktcgrSm}PLC_[mRockwell Automation _&JU Trade Mark_jzpfaeygw,f/

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tcef; (2)

PLC

udk NcHKiHkavYvmoHk;oyfjcif;/

PLC_{qkdwmudk wkdwkd&Sif;&Sif;ajym&&if pufrIvkyfief;awGrSm oHk;zkdY txl;wDxGifxm;wJh} Industrial Computer _{wpfrsdK; jzpfygw,f/}Relay Control System _{eJY aqmif&GufcJhwJh vkyfief;}

awGukd Relay _{udk,fpm;? aqmif&GufzkdY &nf&G,fNyD;}PLC _{ukd pwif wDxGifcJhMuwm jzpfygw,f/} Relay system _{rSm toHk;jyKcJhwJh}sensor _awG?actuator _{awGudk qufoG,fwwfqifzkdY t0ifikwf} Input Terminals_{awG? txGufikwf}Output Terminals_awG?PLC _{rSm yg&SdMuygw,f/}

vQyfppform;awG tvG,fwul avhvmoif,lEdkifwJh Ladder Diagram Programming Language (LD)_eJYProgram_{a&;NyD; ckdif;vkdY&atmif}PLC_{udk wnfaqmuf xm;ygw,f/}

RelayawGukdtoHk;jyKNyD; zGJUpnf;xm;wJh control system eJY PLC udktoHk;jyKNyD;

zGJUpnf;xm;wJh control system wYkdudk EIdif;,SOf Munhfr,fqkd&if?

#1 Relay System rSm 0g,mqufoG,frI wiring vkyfzkdY uRrf;usifrItxl; vkdtyfygw,f/

pepfwusavhusifhxm;wJh engineer _awG?technician_{awGu tcsdefMumjrifhpGm aqmif}

&GufMu&ygw,f/ qufoG,frIwpHkw&m rSm;,Gif;cJh&ifvnf; trSm;ukd&Sm&wm Mumyg w,f? cufygw,f? vuf0ifygw,f/

PLC System_rSmwiring_{vkyf&wm vG,fulygw,f/}Input Terminal_{u oyfoyf?} Output Terminal_{u oyfoyf? ae&mcGJxm;ygw,f/}Input _eJYOutput_udkPLC program_{u qufoG,fay;wmjzpfygw,f/}Sensor_wpfckudkInput terminal _{u ikwf} point_{wpfckeJY quf&ygw,f/ aemuf ikwf} point_{wpfckeJY aemuf}sensor_wpfckudk

quf&wm jzpfygw,f/ wpfckukd wpfckcsif;pD quf&wmjzpfvkdY wiring_vkyf&wm

vG,fulygw,f/ jrefqefygw,f/ rSm;qufrd&ifvnf; trSm;udk&SmNyD;jyif&wm jrefyg w,f/

#2 Relay System udk toHk;jyKNyD; xkwfukefypönf; wyfqif xkwfvkyfwJhtcg ypönf;

trsdK;tpm; Model _{ajymif;vJxkwfvkyfwkdif;}wiring _{topfvkyf&wm cufcJNyD; tcsdef}

Mumygw,f/ uRrf;usifrIvnf; txl;vkdtyfygw,f/

PLC System_{udk oHk;vkdufwJhtcgrSmawmh xkwfvkyfrIyHkpH}model_{ajymif; csif&if}PLC program_{ukd ajymif;a&;vkduf½HkeJY NyD;oGm;ygw,f/ qufoG,fxm;NyD;om; 0g,mawGudk}

jzKwfp&m? jyifqufp&m? rvdkygbl;/ Wire _{topfxyfrH qufoG,fcsif&ifvnf;}

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#3 Relay system rSm pufwpfvHk; twGuf relay panel wpfck vdktyfygw,f/ rsdK;wlpuf

ESpfvHk; twGuf relay panel_ESpfckrSmwiring _{ESpfcg vkyf&ygw,f/}Panel wiring

vkyfwkdif; rSm;Ekdifygw,f/ tcsdef ESpfq Mumygw,f/

PLC system_{rSmawmh pufwpfvHk;rSm}PLC_{wpfck wyfqif&ygw,f/ puf ESpfvHk;}

twGuf PLC_{ESpfck oHk;xm;&ayr,hf}PLC program_{wpfckudk a&;xm;NyD;&if rsdK;wlpuf}

tvHk;aygif;rsm;pGmtwGuf tJ'D program _udkyJ PLC_{awGxJrSm a&;xnhfwm}download

udk vkyfvkduf½HkyJjzpfygw,f/ tifrwef vG,fulygw,f/ tcsdefukefrsm;pGm oufomyg w,f/

tckacwfrSmxkwfvkyfMuwJh PLC_{awG&JU pGrf;aqmifEkdifrIu tifrwefjrihfrm;aeNyD}

jzpfygw,f/ tjcm; control system_awGeJY?PLC _{eJY? qufoG,fajymqkdrI} communicate_vkyfEkdif

MuNyD jzpfygw,f/ ukefxkwfvkyfrI tpD&ifcHpm production report_{awG? vkyfief;pDrH aqmif&Guf}

rI scheduling production _{awG? rSm;wJhae&mudk xkwfazmfjywJh}error report_{awG? apmifhMuyf}

Munhf½IrI self diagnosis_awGudkPLC_{u vkyfukdifaqmif&GufEkdifMuNyDjzpfygw,f/}

PLC_eJYcontrol_{vkyfxm;wJh ukefxkwfvkyfief;pOf&JU jzpfay:ajymif;vJrIukd aeY&uf?}

tcsdef? em&D? eJYwuG aemufaMumif;jyef ajc&maumufMunhfvkdY &Ekdifygw,f/ BudKwifpDrH umuG,fxdef;odrf;rI Preventive Maintenance_{twGuf ta&;ygwJh tcsuftvuf}data_awG

udk PLC system_{u &,lpkaqmif;ay;Ekdifygw,f/}PLC_eJYHMI_{ukd qufoG,fNyD;}PLC_u

vwfwavmaqmif&GufaewJh tajctaeawGukd ½kyfyHkawG? Z,m;awG? eJY HMI_{ay:rSm azmfjy}

Ekdifygw,f/ HMI_{ay:rSm zefwD;a&;qGJxm;wJh}softbutton _{awGudk oHk;NyD;}PLC_&JUprogram

xJu setting _{awGudk ajymif;vJvkdY &ygw,f/}HMI (Human Machine Interface)_ukdOperator Interface_{vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}MMI (Man Machine Interface)_{vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Aquisition)_eJYDCS (Distributed Control System) _{awGvkd tqifhjrifhwJh}control system_{awGtxd wufvSrf;EkdifzkdYtwGuf tajccHaumif;}

awG&Sdxm;zkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ PLC_ukdComputer _{tjzpf ½IjrifNyD;avhvmrSom tajccHaumif;}

awG &&SdvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ PLC_{twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfaumif;jzpfatmif 'DpmtkyfrSm BudK;}

pm;NyD;a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ PLC_vrf;ñTef A Guide to PLC_{vkdY 'Dpmtkyfudk emrnfay;}

xm;wJhtwkdif; enf;ay;vrf;ñTefjyrSm jzpfygw,f/

PLC_{ukd tckrS pwif avhvmr,hf olawGtwGuf &nf&G,fNyD;vG,fatmif? &Sif;atmif}

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PLC_{rSm ESpfrsdK; ESpfpm;&Sdygw,f/}

1 / Modular PLC_{trsdK;tpm;eJY}

2 / Compact PLC_{trsdK;tpm;wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/}

1 / Modular PLC qkdwmu power supply module u wpfck? memory yg0ifwJh CPU module_{u wpfck?}Input module_{u wpfck?}Output module_{u wpfck? tJ'D wpfckcsif;pDjzpfwJh} module_{awGudk atmufcHjym;} backplane_{ay:rSm wwfqifvkdufawmhrS}PLC _{wpfvHk; jzpfvm}

ygw,f/

2 / Compact PLC qkdwmuawmh tJ'D module wpfckcsif;pD&JU function awGtm;vHk;

yg0ifatmif pkpnf;NyD; yHk;cGH enclosure_{wpfckxJrSm xnhfoGif;wnfaqmufxm;wJh}PLC_rsdK;jzpf

ygw,f/ Compact PLC_ukdIntegrated PLC, Micro PLC, Monolithic PLC, All in one PLC

vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/

PLC_rSmyg&SdwJhInput_eJYOutput_{ukd aygif;NyD;}I/O_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/}PLC_&JU size_tBuD;

tao;ukd I/O_{ta&twGufeJY owfrSwfygw,f/} PLC_{taMumif;a&;om;azmfjywJh}catalog

pmtkyfawGrSm input (I)_eJYoutput (O)_{ukd waygif;wnf;a&wGufxm;wJh}I/O _ta&twGufudk

azmfjyavh&Sdygw,f/ Oyrm? input_{8 ckeJY?}output_{6 ckygwJh}PLC_ukdI/O _{14 ckvkdY}PLC_&JUsize

ukd a&;om;azmfjyygw,f/

Size of PLC

PLC _{&JU t&G,ftpm; tBuD;tao;udk}Input _eJYOutput_{ESpfckaygif; ta&twGufeJY}

cGJjcm; owfrSwfMuygw,f/

I/O_{ta&twGuf 15 ck txdukd} Nano PLC I/O_{ta&twGuf 32 ck txdukd} Micro PLC I/O_{ta&twGuf 128 ck txdudk} Small PLC I/O_{ta&twGuf 1024 ck txdudk} Medium PLC I/O_{ta&twGuf 4096 ck txdukd}Large PLC

I/O_{ta&twGuf 8192 ck txdudk}Very Large PLC _{vkdY ac:Muygw,f/}

'DaeY acwfrSmawmh Large PLC_eJYVery Large PLC_{awGukd toHk;rjyKMuawmhygbl;/} Medium size PLC _txdukdomProcess Control System_awGrSmDCS_pepf Distributed Control System_{eJY wGJzufNyD;}network_{csdwfquf toHk;jyKMuygw,f/ toHk;trsm;qHk; uawmh} Micro PLC_jzpfygw,f/I/O_{wkd;csJUvkdY&wJh}Micro PLC_awGukdMachine Control_rSma&m? Process Control _{rSmyg toHk;jyKMuwmukd awGU&ygw,f/}

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Communication Module Microprocessor Input Module External Computer

Programmable Logic Controller Architecture

PLC

Output Module Actuator Process

Sensor

yHkrSm azmfjyxm;wmu PLC_ukd Process control _{rSm toHk;jyKxm;wJh}Function Block_yHk

jzpfygw,f/ wm0efcGJa0,lrIudk azmfjywmjzpfygw,f/ User Program (Application Program)

udk Personal Computer _{eJY a&;NyD;}PLC_{xJ xnhfxm;&ygw,f/}PLC_xJumemory_rSm

a&;rSwfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ Input_eJYOutput_{ukd tJ'D}user program_{u qufoG,fay;NyD;?} PLC_&JUOutput_uActuator_{awGudk ckdif;apygw,f/}Process_{&JU vuf&Sdjzpfay:aewJh}

tajctaeudk Sensor_{awGu apmifhMunfhNyD;?}PLC_{ukd owif;ykdYygw,f/ &&SdvmwJh owif;}

tcsuftvufawGudk toHk;jyKNyD; user program_{u ckdif;wJhtwkdif;}Microprocessor _{u aqmif}

&Guf ygw,f/

PLC_&JUInput Field Devices_{awGudkNcHKiHkNyD;}Sensors vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/

Sensor_qkdwmuphysical condition _udk electric signal_{jzpfatmifajymif;ay;wJh} device_{wkdif;udk NcHKac:wmjzpfygw,f/}

'DvkdygyJ PLC_&JUOutput Field Devices_{awGukd NcHKiHkNyD;}Actuators vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Actuator _qkdwmuelectric signal _udkphysical condition_{jzpfatmif ajymif;ay;wJh} device_{wkdif;udk ac:wmjzpfygw,f/}

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Power Supply

Communication Module Microprocessor + Memory

Analogue Input (AI) Module Discrete Output (DO) Module

Discrete Input (DI) Module

Analogue Output (AO) Module

Analogue Sensor Discrete Sensor Analogue Actuator Discrete Actuator Operator Workstation

Programmable Logic Controller Architecture

PLC

PLC_&JUI/O type_{u ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; &Sdygw,f/}Discrete I/O _eJYAnalog I/O _{wkdY jzpfMuyg}

w,f/

Electric signal _rSmdiscrete signal_eJY analog signal_qkdNyD;signal_{trsdK;tpm;? ESpfrsdK;}

&Sdygw,f/

Discrete signal_udkdigital signal_{vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/}

Discrete signal qdkwmu signal &SdwJh? taetxm; ON state eJY signal r&SdwJh? tae

txm; OFF state qkdwJh tajctae ESpfrsdK;om&SdwJh signal trsdK;tpm;jzpfygw,f/ PLC rSm discrete dc input _eJYdiscrete ac input_qkdNyD;discrete input type _{ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/}

Analog signal qkdwmuawmh tjywftawmufr&SdbJ wqufwpyfxJ ajymif;vJaewJh signal_{rsdK; jzpfygw,f/}PLC_{rSm toHk;rsm;wJh}analog signal_{awG uawmh}0 to 20 mA dc, 4 to 20 mA dc eJY 0 to 10 Vdc signal_{awG jzpfMuygw,f/}Analog signal_rSmac signal

r&Sdygbl;/ PLC_rSmanalog ac signal_{udk roHk;ygbl;/}

Discrete input _ukdDI vkdY a&;NyD; discrete output _udkDO vkdY a&;ygw,f/ Analog input_ukdAI vkdY a&;NyD; analog output _udkAO vkdY a&;xm;ygw,f/

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PLC_{eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh}Discrete sensor _awGuawmh Pushbuttons,

Selector switch, Motor starter contacts, Relay contacts,

Thumbwheel switch, Limit switch,

Photoelectric eyes, Proximity switches, Liquid level switch, Temperature switch,

Pressure switch _{pwmawG jzpfMuygw,f/} PLC_{eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh}Discrete actuator _awGuawmh

Lamps, Alarms, Fans, Horns, buzzers, Control Relays, Magnetic contactors (MC), Solenoid valves (SV),

Motor starters, _{pwmawG jzpfMuygw,f/} PLC_{eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh}Analog sensor_awGuawmh

Thermocouple (TC),

RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector), Pressure Transducer,

Load Cell _{pwmawG jzpfMuygw,f/}

PLC_{eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh}Analog actuator _awGuawmh Analog meters,

Valve Positioners,

Motor Drives (Frequency Inverter),

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'DaeYacwf PLC _{eJYvkyfaqmifaeMuwJh vkyfief;tcsdKUukd atmufrSmazmfjyvkdufygw,f/}

Today’s PLC applications

Aluminum making Assembly machines

Amusement park control Building automation

Burner control Car manufacturing plant

Chemical plants Conveyor systems

Cranes Electro-plating plants

Factory automation Food-processing plants Material handling Off-shore drilling

Plastic injection molding machines Packaging machine Paper and pulp industries Pick and place robot control Pump station control Pipeline pump station control Plant power system Precast concrete industries Semiconductor manufacturing machines Storage and retrieval systems

Steel mills Tobacco industries

Tire manufacturing TV manufacturing plant

Water treatment Warehouse automation

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tcef; (3)

PLC

eJY

Control

vkyfyHk taMumif;/

PLC_eJYcontrol _{vkyfwmESpfrsdK;&Sdygw,f/}Machine control_eJY process control_{vkdY ac:}

ygw,f/

Machine control_{qkdwmu pufudkxdef;ausmif;ay;wm jzpfygw,f/ ykvif;xJ t&nf}

jznfhwJhpuf filling machine_ukdcontrol _{vkyfwmrsdK;? ykvif;awGudk 6 ykvif; 1 xkyf?}

xkyfwJhpuf packaging machine_ukdcontrol_{vkyfwmrsdK;? yvyfpwpfypönf;awG yHkoGif;?}

xkwfvkyfwJhpuf plastic injection molding machine_ukd control_{vkyfwmrsdK;awGukd}machine control_{vdkY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/}

Process control _{qkdwmrSmygwJh}process qdkwmu t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk ½kyfqif; oP²mef

tm;jzpfap? physically_'grSr[kwf? _{"gwkzGJUpnf;yHktm;jzpfap?} chemically_{ajymif;vJ atmif}

vkyfaqmifwmukd process_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/}

Oyrm? *sHKrIHUukd aygifrkefYjzpfatmifvkyfwm ukdvnf; process_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/ BuHuae}

oMum;jzpfatmifvkyfwm ukdvnf; process_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/ acsmif;a&? jrpfa&ukd oHk;a&?}

aomufa&jzpfatmifvkyfwm udkvnf; process_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/ a&&,f? av&,f? obm0}

"gwfaiGU&,f oHk;rsdK;udk aygif;pyfNyD; Urea _{"gwfajrMoZm jzpfatmifvkyfwm ukdvnf;}process

vkdY ac:ygw,f/ ukefxkwfenf;pOfvkdY ajymvkdY&r,fxifygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ukefxkwfvkyf wJh

process_ukdcontrol_vkyfwmukdprocess control _{vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/}

PLC_qkdwm[mMachine control_eJYProcess control_{pepfawGrSm oHk;zkdY jyKvkyfxm;wJh} Special Computer _{jzpfygw,f/ ñTefMum;csuf} Program_{awG a&;oGif;NyD; ckdif;apvkdY &wJh} Industrial (Computer ) Controller_jzpfygw,f/

Control_{vkyfw,fqkdwm &nfrSef;csuf NyD;ajrmufatmif xdef;ausmif;ay;wm jzpfyg}

w,f/ xdef;ausmif;wJh tvkyfukd vkyfEkdifzdkY Controller_wkdif;ukdpower_{ay;oGif;&ygw,f/}PLC

udkvnf; power_{ay;oGif;&ygw,f/}

ñTefMum;xm;wJh ñTefMum;csufawGudk odrf;xm;zkdY PLC_rSm memory_yg&Sd&ygw,f/

ckdif;xm;wJh ñTefMum;csufawGukd ukdifwG,faqmif&GufwJh A[kduGyfuJa&;ykdif; CPU (central processing unit)_vnf;PLC_{rSm yg&Sd&ygw,f/}Signal _t0ifykdif;(input_ykdif;)_eJYsignal

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PLC Hardware

PLC _{rSm trsdK;tpm; ajrmufjrm;pGm &SdMuygw,f/ b,f}PLC_{rSmyJjzpfjzpf} wire_qufvdkY

&wJh ikwf terminal _{awG yg&SdMuygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh} Power supply terminal,

Input terminal, Output terminal_eJY

Programming Port _{wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/}

PLC_qdkwmuprogram_{a&;oGif;xm;rS cdkif;apvdkY&wJh}Controller _jzpfygw,f/

PLC_{wpfvHk;udk awGUwJhtcg b,fupNyD; odatmifvkyf&rvJqdkwmudk tvG,frSwfvdkY}

&atmif azmfjyygr,f/

PLC_qdkwmComputer _{wpfrsdK;jzpfwmrdkYvdkY}PLC_rSmhardware_a&m? software_{yg? yg&Sdyg}

w,f/

yxrqHk; avhvm&rSmuawmh

Power Supply and I/O

Type and Size vdkY jzpfygw,f/ Power supply _&JUtype, Power supply_&JUsize;

Input_&JUtype, Input_&JUsize;_eJY

Output _&JUtype, Output_&JUsize; _{wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/} PS & I/O; Type & Size vdkY rSwfxm;yg/

PLC_&JUhardware_{udk avhvmwJhtcg}PS & I/O_wdkY&JUtype_eJYsize_{udk odatmif t&if}

vkyf&rSm jzpfygw,f/

PS &JU type qdkwm tJ'D PLC udk AC power ay;&rSmvm;? DC power ay;&rSmvm;?

qdkwmudk cGJjcm;odzdkY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/

PLC_&JU Power supply terminal_rSmAC voltage_ay;&wJhPLC_&Sdovdk?DC voltage

ay;&wJh PLC_{vnf; &Sdygw,f/}

PS &JU size qdkwmuawmh AC power qdk&if 220V vm;? 100V vm;? DC power

qdk&if 24V_{vm;? qdkwm cGJjcm;odzdkY ajymwm jzpfygw,f/}

AC power_ay;&wJhPLC_awGrSm100VAC_udkpower supply _{tjzpf qufay;&wJh}PLC

u wpfrsdK;? 220VAC_udkpower supply_{tjzpfqufoG,fay;&wJh}PLC_{u wpfrsdK;?}100VAC

a&m? 220VAC_{yg? 2rsdK;pvHk; qufoG,fay;vdkY&wJh}PLC_{u wpfrsdK;? qdkNyD; oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm; &Sdyg}

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DC power_ay;&wJhPLC_rSmawmh24VDC_udkpower supply_{tjzpf qufoG,f}

ay;&wJh PLC_{u tawGU&trsm;qHk;jzpfygw,f/}

I/O qdkwm uawmh PLC &JU Input eJY Output awGudk ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU I/O signal_[mDiscrete I/O signal _eJYAnalog I/O signal_qdkNyD;type_{2rsdK;? &Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh} Discrete Input _vm;?Discrete Output _vm;?Analog Input _vm;? Analog Output _vm;? qdkwmudk cGJjcm;NyD;odatmif t&ifvkyf&ygr,f/ Discrete I/O _udkDigital I/O _{vkdYvnf; ac:Mu}

ygw,f/

Discrete Input xJay;oGif;&r,fh signal u AC signal vm;? DC signal vm;? qdkwmu Input_&JUtype jzpfyg w,f/ AC220V signal vm;? AC100V signal vm;? DC24V signal vm;?

qdkwmu Input_&JUsize jzpfygw,f/

Discrete Output rSxGufvmr,fh signal u Relay Output vm;? TRIAC Output vm;? Transistor Output_{vm;? qdkwmawGu}Output_&JUtype awGjzpfMuNyD;? Relay &JU Output rating, TRIAC _&JU Output rating, Transistor _&JU Output rating _awGu Output_&JUsize awG

jzpfMuygw,f/ Transistor Output_jzpfcJh&ifPNP _vm;?NPN _{vm;? cGJjcm;odzdkY vdktyfygw,f/} Sensor_{awGuay;ydkYwJh}signal_awGudk?PLC_&JUinput terminal_{awGu vufcH&,lygw,f/} Input terminal_{rSm qufoG,fvdkY&wJh}devices_awGudkInput Field Devices _{vdkY ac:ygw,f/}

Output terminal _{rSm qufoG,fvdkY&wJh}devices_awGudkOutput Field Devices _{vdkY ac:yg}

w,f/ PLC_&JUoutput terminal_{u xkwfay;wJh}signal_awGudk?Output Field Devices_awGu

vufcH&,lygw,f/ Output Field Devices_awGudkActuators _{awGvdkYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/} Analog I/O &JU type qdkwmu current vm;? voltage vm;? cGJjcm;odzdkY jzpfygw,f/ Analog I/O &JU size qdkwmuawmh signal &JU range udk ajymwmjzpfygw,f/

Oyrm? 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mA, 0 to 5V, 0 to 10V _pwJUdc signal_{awGjzpfMuygw,f/}

'DpmtkyfrSm discrete I/O signal taMumif;ukdom a&;om;azmfjyrSm jzpfygw,f/ Programming Port _uawmhdata _{awG t0iftxGufvkyfwmjzpfvdkY}Port _{vdkY ac:wJh ikwf} terminal _jzpfygw,f/PLC _xJudkprogram _{a&;xnfhwJhtcg?}Computer _{eJY qufoG,f&wJh}port

jzpfvdkYrdkY Programming Port_{vdkY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/}

Programming cable _udkPLC _xkwfvkyfwJhOEM _{qDu? 0,f,ltoHk;jyKMu&ygw,f/}PLC _eJY Computer _udkProgramming cable_{eJY qufoG,fNyD;}PLC _{xJ a&;xnfhwJh}Program _udkUser Program _{vdkY ac:ygw,f/}Application Program _{vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}

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PLC _{wdkif;rSmryg&dSbJ? tcsdKU}PLC_{awGrSmom ygavh&SdwJh}terminal _awGuawmh I/O expansion terminal _eJYCommunication port _{wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/}Input _eJYOutput _{udk wdk;csJU}

wwfqifcsif&if I/O expansion port _{yg&dSrS wdk;csJUwwfqifvdkY &ygw,f/}Communication port

uawmh PLC_eJYHMI _qufoG,fzdkY?PLC _{tcsif;csif; qufoG,fzdkY? toHk;jyK&wmjzpfygw,f/} PLC_awGrSmRS-232 port _eJYRS-485 port _{wdkY ygavh&SdMuygw,f/}

ckacwfrSm Ethernet port _ygwJhPLC _{awGudk toHk;jyKaeMuNyD jzpfygw,f/}

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PLC wdkif;rSmyg0ifwJh tajccHtydkif; 5 ykdif; uawmh yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwdkif;

(1) Power Supply_ykdif;?

(2) CPU_ykdif;?

(3) Memory_ykdif;?

(4) Input_{ykdif;? eJY}

(5) Output_{ykdif;?wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/}

'Dtydkif; 5ydkif;udk wpfpkwpfpnf;xJ wnfaqmufxm;wJh PLC _rsdK;udk Integrated PLC,

'grSr[kwf Compact PLC _{vdkY ac:ygw,f/}Compact PLC _{rSm yg&SdwJh}Power supply _ydkif;? CPU _ydkif;?Input _{ydkif;? pwmawGudk wpfydkif;csif;pD jzKwfvdkY? wyfvdkY? r&ygbl;/}

tpdwftydkif; wpfckcsif;pD jzKwfvdkY? wyfvdkY? &wJh PLC _rsdK;udkModular PLC _{vdkY ac:yg}

w,f/ Modular PLC_qdkwmuPower supply module _{u wpfck?}CPU _eJYMemory _udk

aygif;xm;wJh CPU module _{u wpfck?}Input module _{u wpfck?}Output module _{u wpfck? 'D}

4ck udk atmufcHjym; backplane (baseplate) _{ay:rSm wyfqifvdkufawmhrS}PLC _{wpfvHk; jzpfvm}

ygw,f/

Power Supply

ykdif;

Power Supply_{ykdif; qkdwmu} PLC_{xJudk tjyifuaeay;oGif;wJh}220VAC _'grSr[kwf 24VDC_{udk ajymwmr[kwfygbl;/}PLC_{xJrSm xnfhoGif;wnfaqmufxm;wJh}power_ykdif;ukd

ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ PLC_{wkdif;ukd vQyfppf"gwftm;ay;oGif;&ygw,f/}

AC power_ay;oGif;&wJhPLC_{u wpfrsdK;?}DC power_ay;oGif;&wJhPLC_{u wpfrsdK;?}

qkdNyD; ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; &Sdygw,f/

AC power_ay;&wJhPLC_rSmvnf;100VAC_eJY220VAC _{qkdNyD; ESpfrsdK; uGJjym;ygao;}

w,f/

DC power_ay;&wJhPLC_rSmawmh24 VDC _ay;&wJhPLC_{u tawGU&rsm;ygw,f/}

jyifyuae AC _{ay;oGif;onfjzpfap?} DC _{ay;oGif;onfjzpfap?} _{ay;oGif;vkdufwJh vQyfppf} power_ukd PLC_xJrSm&SdwJhCPU_wkdY?Memory _{wdkY?twGuf oifhawmfwJh} DC Voltage_jzpfatmif PLC_xJuPower Supply_{ykdif;u aqmif&Gufay;ygw,f/}

PLC _xJudk Power supply terminal _{uae? pD;0ifwJYvQyfppf} current _eJYCPU _xJ, I/O interface _{xJ? pD;wJYvQyfppf} current _{wkdYudk woD;wjcm;pDjzpfatmif vkyfay;wJYtvkyf?}galvanic isolation _udkvnf;Power Supply_{ykdif;u vkyfay;ygw,f/ 'g[m} PLC _xJrSmygwJY Power Supply_{ydkif;&JUtvkyf} function _{2ck? jzpfygw,f/}

(37)

wu,fvkdY? 100VAC_{om ay;&r,fh}PLC_{udk rSm;NyD;}220VAC _{ay;cJhrd&if? 'grSr[kwf} 24VDC_{om ay;&r,fh}PLC_udk220VAC_{rSm;ay;cJhrd&if?}PLC_xJuPower Supply_ykdif;yJ

ysufpD;oGm;ygw,f/ CPU_wkdY?Memory _{wkdYukd rxdcdkufrysufpD; ap&atmif}Power Supply

ykdif;u taocHumuG,fay;xm;ygw,f/

'DvkdumuG,fay;wmudk isolation_{vkdY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/}

CPU

ykdif;

CPU (Central Processing Unit) _udkmicroprocessor _{eJY zGJUpnf; wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/} CPU _eJYMemory _{uawmh tNrJyJ wGJNyD;? tvkyfvkyfygw,f/}User program _udkMemory _xJrSm

odrf;xm;ygw,f/ PLC _udk RUN _vdkufawmhrS memory _{xJrSma&;xm;wJh} User program

rSmygwJhtwdkif; CPU _{u aqmif&Gufygw,f/}Input terminal _rSm&SdwJh signal _udk CPU _u

MunfhNyD;? User program _{u cdkif;xm;wJhtwdkif;}Output terminal _udksignal _{xkwfay;ygw,f/} PLC_awGrSm CPU_ysufpD;rI[m5%_{yJ jzpfwwfygw,f/}PLC_{tvHk; 100 ysuf&if}CPU

ysufwm 5 vHk;yJ &Sdygw,f/ CPU_[mPLC_{rSm A[kduGyfuJa&;tydkif; jzpfygw,f/}PLC_xJu CPU _udkMPU (Main Processing Unit) _{vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}PLC_{aumif;aumif; tvkyf}

vkyfaeovm;? rvkyfbl;vm;vdkY ppfaq;&wJh self-diagnosis_wm0efukdvnf;CPU _{u xrf;}

aqmifygw,f/

CPU _{&JU vkyfief;aqmifwmudk twdkcsKyfajym&&if} PLC _&JU input terminal _{awGrSm csdwf}

qufxm;wJY sensor awGuay;ydkYwJY signal awGudk vufcH&,lw,f/ NyD;awmh PLC &JU

rSwfOmPf memory _{rSm a&;rSwfxm;wJY nTefBum;csufawG} user program_{twdkif; aqmif&Guf}

w,f/ NyD;&if tJ'Daqmif&Gufcsufu&wJY program result _awGudkPLC _&JU output terminal

awGqDudk ydkYvTwfay;ygw,f/

Modular PLC_awG&JUCPU module _xJrSmmemory _eJYmicroprocessor _{udk wGJNyD; xnfhoGif;}

wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ PLC _{&JUvkyfief;aqmifwmawGukd b,fvdkaqmif&Gufyg vdkY owfrSwf}

ay;xm;wJY control program (operating system) _{[mvnf; tJ'D} memory _{xJrSm yg&Sdygw,f/}

'gaMumifh CPU module_{ysufpD;cJhvkdY&Sd&if}CPU module_{ukd topfvJvS,f wyfqif½HkeJYawmh} PLC_{[m e*dktwkdif; tvkyfrvkyf Ekdifao;ygbl;/ jyefvnfae&mcsxm; ay;&ygao;w,f/}

tJ'gukd configure _{vkyfw,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/}Program_{jyefa&;xnfh ay;&ygao;w,f/} Compact PLC_awGrSmawmhCPU_ykdif;[mPLC_{&JUtpdwftykdif; wpfckrQom jzpfvkdY}CPU

ysuf pD;cJh&if PLC_{topf wpfvHk;eJY vJvS,fwyfqif&ygw,f/}Program _{ukdvnf; jyefa&;xnfh}

(38)

Memory

ykdif;

Memory is the area that holds the operating system and user program.

PLC_{xJrSm ñTefMum;csuf} instruction code_{awG? owif;tcsuftvuf}data_awG?

qHk;jzwfcsuf logic result _{awG? pwmawGudk rSwfom;odrf;qnf;xm;wJh ae&mukd}Memory_vkdY

ac:ygw,f/

Memory_{rSm ESpfrsdK;?ESpfpm; &Sdygw,f/}Volatile memory_eJYnon-volatile memory_wkdY

jzpfMuygw,f/

Volatile memory — vQyfppfyg0gtNrJ&&SdaerS a&;rSwfxm;wmawGudk raysmufrysuf

atmif odrf;qnf;xm;EkdifwJh memory_{trsdK;tpm; udk}Volatile memory_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/} RAM (Random Access Memory) _{[m tJ'DtrsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/ vQyfppf"gwftm;r&Sd&if} RAM_{xJrSm a&;rSwfxm;wmawG tm;vHk; taiGUysHvGifhys,foGm;ovkd aysmufysufukefygw,f/} RAM_twGufpower supply_{tNrJwrf;&aeapzkdY}PLC_{xJrSm "gwfcJ}battery_xnfhay;xm;

&ygw,f/ tJ'D"gwfcJ&JU oufwrf;[m 25°C_{rSmyJtNrJoHk;cJh&if 5ESpf MumatmifcHygw,f/}

ylvGef;&ifyJjzpfjzpf? at;vGef;&ifyJjzpfjzpf? "gwfcJoufwrf;wkdygw,f/

Non-volatile memory — Non-volatile memory uawmh a&;rSwfxm;wmawGukd

raysmufrysuf&atmif vQyfppf"gwftm;r&SdyJeJY Mum&Snfodrf;xm;Ekdifygw,f/ EEPROM (Electrically Erasible Programmable ROM)_{[m tJ'Dvkd trsdK;tpm;jzpfygw,f/ tck}

vloHk;rsm;aeNyDjzpfwJh memory stick_vkdrsdK;?Flash Memory _{trsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/}EEPROM

ukd toHk;jyKxm;wJh PLC_{awGrSm "gwfcJxnfhzkdY rvkdtyfygbl;/}

'gaMumifh "gwfcJygwJh PLC u wpfrsdK;? "gwfcJ rygwJh PLC u wpfrsdK; qkdNyD; PLC ESpfrsdK;? ESpfpm;? &Sdygw,f/

(39)

tJ'D"gwfcJ&JU oufwrf;[m 25°C_{rSmyJtNrJoHk;cJh&if 5ESpf MumatmifcHygw,f/}

(40)

I/O Image Memory

PLC_wkdif;rSm wire _{qufoG,fvkdY&wJh}Input terminal _eJYOutput terminal _{awG yg0ifMuyg}

w,f/ tJ'gukd External input _eJYExternal output_{vkdY ac:Muygw,f/}Physical input _eJY Physical output _{vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/}

Input terminal_{awGrSm&SdaewJh}signal_{awG&JUtajctaeukd t&dyfyrm xif[yf azmfjywJh} memory_{xJu ae&mawGukd}Input image memory_{vdkY ac:ygw,f/}Input memory, Input relay_{vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/}Input image table_{vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}

Input terminal_{eJY wkduf½kdufqufoG,frI&SdwJh}memory area _jzpfvkdY input image memory _vkdY

ac:wmjzpfygw,f/

Output terminal_{awGeYJ wkduf½kdufqufoG,frI&SdwJh}memory _{xJu ae&mukd} output image memory_{vdkY ac:ygw,f/} Output image table_{vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}

Output terminal_{eJY wdkuf½dkufqufoG,frI r&SdwJh}internal memory _udk Auxiliary Relay_vkdY

ac:ygw,f/ Internal Relay_{vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/}Internal Output _{vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/} Internal Bit _{vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}Work Bit _{vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ a&;vdkY? zwfvdkY? &wJh} Memory _xJuBit_{ae&m jzpfygw,f/}

Delta PLC _awGxJuDVP-14SS2-11R2 _{rSm yg&SdwJh}Physical I/O (X/Y) _eJYinternal output (M) _{udk atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/}

(41)

Omron PLC _awGxJuCPM1A-20CDR _{rSm yg&SdwJh}input image memory _ukdusawmh Input Bit _{vkdY ac:ygw,f/}Output image memory _ukdawmhOutput Bit_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/} Output terminal_{eJY wdkuf½dkufqufoG,frI r&SdwJh}internal memory _udk Work Bit _{vkdY ac:yg}

w,f/

Omron PLC _awGxJuCPM1A-20CDR _{rSm yg&SdwJh}Physical I/O (IR 000/ IR 010) _eJY internal output (IR 200) _{wdkYudk atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/}

Simens PLC _awGxJuS7-200 CPU224 _rSmyg&SdwJhinternal output _ukdBit Memory (M)

vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Input image memory _ukdusawmhProcess-Image Input Register (I) _vkdY

ac:ygw,f/ Output image memory _ukdusawmhProcess-Image Output Register (Q) _vkdY

ac:ygw,f/

Simens PLC _awGxJuS7-200 CPU224 _{rSm yg&SdwJh}Physical I/O (I/Q) _eJYinternal output (M)

udk atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

Siemens PLC S7-200 CPU 224 Process-image input register I0.0 to I15.7 Process-image output register Q0.0 to Q15.7

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(43)

(44)

Input Interface

“When two different objects are linked together the boundary is known as the Interface.”

PLC_rSmsignal_{0ifwJh tykdif;ukd}input_{ykdif;vkdY ac:ygw,f/}PLC_&JUinput_{rSm qufoG,f}

&wJh Device_awGukdinput field devices_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/}Input Device_{awG jzpfMuwJh}sensor

awGeJY PLC_{ukd qufpyfay;wmjzpfvkdY} Input Interface_{vkdY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/}Modular PLC

rSm Input Interface_{[m oD;jcm;}module_{wpfck jzpfNyD;}input module_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/} Compact PLC_rSmawmhInput Interface_[m PLC_{&JU ukd,fwGif;t*Fg tpdwftykdif; wpfckom}

jzpfygw,f/

Input _{ydkif;&JU tvkyfuawmh}Input Field Devices _{awGu ay;ydkYwJh}signal _udkCPU _u

em;vnf vufcHEdkifwJh signal _{jzpfatmif ajymif;ay;wJhtvkyfu wpfck?}input terminal _rSm

vSnfhywfpD;qif;wJhvQyfppf eJY PLC _{xJ vSnfhywfpD;qif;wJhvQyfppfwdkYudk wpfoD;wpfjcm;pD}

jzpfatmif vkyfay;wJh isolation_{tvkyfu wpfck? pkpkaygif; tvkyf 2ckudk vkyfygw,f/} PLC wkdif;&JU input interface tykdif;u 'Dtvkyf ESpfrsdK;udk vkyfaqmifMuygw,f/

Input terminal _ukd signal strength_{rwefwq rSm;ay;rdcJh&if}input interface_tykdif;om

ysufpD; oGm;NyD; CPU_{ukd xdcdkufrI vHk;0r&Sdygbl;/ 'gaMumifh}24VDC signal _ay;&r,fhInput point_rSm220VAC _{ukd rSm;NyD;awmh qufoG,frdcJh&if}CPU_rysufygbl;/Memory_rysufygbl;/ Input interface _{yJ ysufoGm;ygr,f/}Modular PLC_{rSmqkd&ifawmh}Input module_{topf wpfck}

vJvS,fwyfqifvkduf½HkeJY PLC_{[m e*kdtwkdif; tvkyfjyefvkyfEkdifygw,f/}

Input interface _{rSm tajctaeajymif;vJrI ESpfrsdK;om &SdwJY}Discrete Input _{eJY tajctae}

ajymif;vJrI wqufxJ &SdwJY Analog Input_qdkNyD;input _{ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/}Discrete input _udk digital input _{vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}PLC _[m Computer _{jzpfwJY twGuf}binary _udkom

vufcHaqmif&Guf Edkifygw,f/ 'gaBumifh analog input interface _rSmanalog _uaedigital signal (binary signal) _{udk ajymif;ay;wJY}A/D Converter _yg&Sdygw,f/

PLC &JU input signal ESpfrsdK;? ESpfpm; &SdwJYtxJu discrete input signal

taMumif;ukd 'DpmtkyfrSm tao;pdyf azmfjyoGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/

Discrete signal rSm signal &Sdaewmukd ON vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Signal r&Sdwmukd OFF vkdY

ac:ygw,f/ Signal_&Sdjcif;eJY?Signal_{r&Sdjcif;? 'DESpfrsdK; om&Sdygw,f/}Discrete input interface

rSm signal type_{ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/}AC signal_eJYDC signal_jzpfygw,f/

Modular PLC _rSmAC input module _eJYDC input module_{qkdNyD; oD;jcm;pDxkwfvkyf}

ygw,f/ Compact PLC_rSmvnf;AC input signal_{om ay;vkdY&wJh}PLC_eJYDC input signal

(45)

'DpmtkyfrSm Delta PLC_{udk ajccHNyD; a&;om;azmfjyoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ taMumif; wkdufqkdif}

wJh tcgwkdif; tjcm; PLC_{awGeJY EIdif;,SOfazmfjyay;oGm;ygr,f/}

Discrete input interface

24 VDC Input

Figure 9a

yHk (Figure 9a)_rSmDC24V signal_{ukd vufcHaqmif&GufwJh}discrete input interface_&JU functional circuit diagram_{ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/}

Discrete input interface

110 VAC Input

Figure 9b

yHk (Figure 9b)_rSmAC110V signal _{ukd vufcHaqmif&GufwJh}discrete input interface _&JU functional circuit diagram _{ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/}

yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; AC input_rSma&m?DC input_rSmygoptocoupler_{ukd oHk;NyD;} isolation _{vkyfxm;ygw,f/ tajccHtusqHk;vnf;jzpf? tawGU&trsm;qHk;vnf;jzpfwJh}24VDC input signal_ay;&wJh Compact PLC_{ukd rlwnfNyD;}input interface _{taMumif;udk a&;om;}

(46)

Figure 9c

yHk (Figure 9c)_rSm _oHk;xm;wJhOpto-coupler (Photo-coupler) _{xJrSm tvif;a&mif xkwf}

vTwfay;wJh LED diode_{ESpfckudk tNrD;jyef? acgif;jyef? tNydKifquf}antiparallel_qufxm;yg

w,f/ Current direction _{b,fvkdyJpD;pD;?} LED_{wpfvHk;vHk; uawmh rD;vif;rSm aocsmyg}

w,f/ tJ'D LED_{ESpfvHk;uxGufwJh tvif;a&mifukd}photo-transistor _&JUbase_{ay: wkduf½kduf}

usa&mufatmif csdefxm;ygw,f/ LED_eJYphoto-transistor_twGJukdopto-coupler_vkdY

ac:ygw,f/ olUukd jyifyutvif;a&mif r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif tvHkydwf? tvif;ydwf? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh optocoupler _xJuLED_{rD;vif;wmudk jyifyu rjrif}

rawGUEkdifygbl;/

PLC_&JUinput point _{udk jzwfpD;vmwJhvQyfppf}currrent_[mopto-coupler_xJuLED_xJ

ukdvnf; jzwfoef;pD;qif;wmjzpfvkdY? tJ'D LED_rD;vif;NyD;photo-transistor_{ay:udk tvif;}

a&mif usa&mufygw,f/ tJY'DtcgrSm photo-transistor_ukdON _jzpfapygw,f/ Photo-transistor = ON_{jzpfoGm;wJhtcg}internal circuit_uPLC_&JUinput status indicator LED_ukd

rD;vif;apygw,f/

Input point _ukdsignal _a&mufvkdYON _{jzpfwJhtcg tJ'D}input _{eJY oufqkdifwJh}input LED

rD;vif;wmjzpfvkdY? b,f point_rSmsignal_{&Sdw,fqkdwmukd tvG,fwul odEkdifygw,f/}Meter

eJY wkdif;MunhfzkdY rvkdygbl;/ Input point_{udk jzwfpD;wJh}current_eJYinternal circuit_{xJ (} photo-transistor_{xJ) pD;wJh}current_{wkdY[m woD;wjcm;pD jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'gukd}galvanically isolated_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/}Input point_{u 0ifvmwJh}signal_ukdinternal circuit_xJ

a&mufatmif ydkYaqmifay;wmu tvif;a&mifeJY ykdYay;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh photo-coupling (opto-photo-coupling)_{vkdY ac:ygw,f/}

(47)

Output Interface

Output _ydkif;uawmhCPU _{u xkwfay;wJh}signal _udkOutput terminal _{twGuf oifhawmfwJh} signal _{trsdK;tpm;jzpfatmif ajymif;ay;wJhtvkyfu wpfck?}PLC _{xJvSnfhywf pD;qif;wJh}

vQyfppfeJY Output terminal _{rSm vSnfhywfpD;qif;wJhvQyfppf wdkUudk wpfoD;wpfjcm;pD jzpfatmif} isolation _{vkyfay;&wJh tvkyfuwpfck? pkpkaygif; tvkyf 2ck udk vkyfygw,f/}

PLC &JU output rSmvnf; signal type ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/

Discrete output signal _eJYAnalog output signal_{wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/}CPU _{u xGufvmwJY} signal _ubinary signal (digital signal)_{jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D}digital signal_udk_{D/A Converter}_eJY analog _{tjzpf ajymif;ay;jyD;rS}output terminal_uanalog signal_{ukd xkwfay;wm jzpfygw,f/}

'DpmtkyfrSm discrete output signal taMumif;ukdom a&;om;azmfjyrSm jzpfyg

w,f/

PLC_rSmdiscrete output type_{oHk;rsdK;&Sdygw,f/}

(1) Relay Output

(2) Transistor Output

(3) TRIAC Output (SSR Output)_{wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/}

tJ'DoHk;rsdK;pvHk;udk galvanic isolation_{&atmif wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/}

(48)

Relay Output

Relay contact

Relay coil

Max. Switching Capacity : 2A, 250VAC (cosΦ= 1) ; 2A, 24VDC Figure 10. _yHkrSmRelay contact _eJYoutput point_{wdkY qufoG,fxm;yHkudk}

azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

CPU_{&JU qHk;jzwfcsufeJYtnD}internal circuit_u output signal_{xkwfay;vkdufwJhtcg}

(1) Output status indicator LED_{rD;vif;ygw,f/}

(2) Relay coil energize _jzpfygw,f/

(3) Relay _&JUN.O contact _[mclose_{jzpfoGm;ygw,f/}

Output_{wpfckpD rSm}internal circuit_wpfck?status LED_wpfck? relay_{wpfck?wkdY yg&Sdygw,f/} Relay coil_{eJY tJ'D}relay_&JUcontact_wkdY[mgalvanically isolated_jzpfNyD;magnetically coupled_{vkyfxm;ygw,f/}

Relay coil _xJpD;qif;wJhcurrent_eJYcontact_xJpD;qif;wJhcurrent_{wkdY[m woD;wjcm;pD}

jzpfygw,f/

PLC Output Relay_[mN.O contact _wpfckomygwJh Miniature Relay _jzpfygw,f/ Voltage free contact_jzpfvkdYAC_a&m?DC_{yg jzwfoef;pD;qif;Ekdifygw,f/}

(49)

Transistor Output

Transistor Output_rSmPNP_eJYNPN_{qkdNyD; ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/} CPU_{u ckdif;vkdY}internal circuit _uoutput signal_{xkwfay;vkdufwJhtcg?}

(1) Output status indicator LED_{rD;vif;ygw,f/}

(2) Optocoupler_xJuLED_rD;vif;vkdYphototransistor _[mON_{jzpfoGm;ygw,f/}

(3) Output transistor_vnf;ON_{jzpfoGm;ygw,f/} Output Transistor

Photo-transistor

Max. Switching Capacity: 50 mA at 4.5 VDC to 300 mA at 26.4 V

Figure 11._yHkrSmTransistor Output (NPN) _eJYoutput point_{wdkY qufoG,fxm;yHkudk}

azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

Output Transistor Opto-coupler

Photo-transistor

Max. Switching Capacity: 50 mA at 4.5 VDC to 300 mA at 26.4 V

Figure 12. _yHkrSmTransistor Output (PNP) _eJYoutput point_{wdkY qufoG,fxm;yHkudk}

azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

PNP_yJjzpfjzpf?NPN_yJjzpfjzpf?transistor_&JUcollector _ukdoutput point_{eJY qufoG,f}

xm;ygw,f/ PLC _&JU Output Transistor_[mopen collector output type_jzpfNyD;?DC_vQyfppf

om jzwfoef;pD;qif;Ekdifygw,f/ PLC _&JU output _[m transistor output _jzpfcJY&if PNP

(50)

TRIAC Output

TRIAC Output _ukdSSR (Solid State Relay) output _{vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/}Triac output _{rSm oHk;xm;wJh}opto-coupler _xJrSmLED _eJYphoto-diac_{wkdY yg0ifygw,f/}

CPU_{u apckdif;wJhtwkdif;}internal circuit _uoutput signal_{xkwfay;vkdufwJhtcg}

(1) Output status indicator LED_{rD;vif; ygw,f/}

(2) Photodiac ON_{jzpfoGm;ygw,f/}

(3) Output Triac ON_{jzpfoGm;ygw,f/}

Output Triac Photo-diac

Opto-coupler

Max. Switching Capacity: 0.4 A at 100 to 240 VAC (50/60 Hz)

Figure 14._yHkrSmTriac Output _eJYoutput point_{wdkY qufoG,fxm;yHkudk azmfjyxm;ygw,f/}

Triac Output _ukd AC_{vQyfppfeJYom toHk;jyK&ygw,f/ tu,fí}DC_vQyfppfeJY

qufoG,f toHk;jyKcJhr,fqkd&if ON_jzpfNyD;wJhoutput point_[mTriac_{&JU obm0t&}OFF

jyefrjzpfawmhygbl;/

PLC_&JUoutput type_{oHk;rsdK;udk atmufrSm,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;ygw,f/} Output Type Rated Valtage and Current _{(Typical Value)} Switching Time

Relay 250VAC(2A) / 30VDC(2A) OFF to ON: 10 ms, ON to OFF: 10 ms Transistor 30VDC, 300 mA OFF to ON: 0.2 ms, ON to OFF: 0.2 ms TRIAC (SSR) 85V to 240VAC, 400 mA OFF to ON: 1ms, ON to OFF: 10 ms

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Typical value_{qkdwm tawGU&rsm;wJh wefbkd;ukd ajymwmjzpfygw,f/}PLC_&JUoutput

awG[m isolated output_{awGjzpfMuwJhtwGuf}output terminal_{rSmqufoG,frIrSm;,Gif;vkdY}PLC

ysufoGm;cJh&if output interface_{ykdif;yJ ysufpD;wmjzpfygw,f/}CPU_wkdY Memory_{wkdYukd rxdcdkuf}

rysufpD;apygbl;/ Compact PLC_rSmawmhoutput interface_{ysufoGm;cJh&if}PLC_topf

wpfvHk;eJY vJvS,fwyfqif&rSm jzpfNyD; program_{udkvnf; jyefa&;xnfh&ygw,f/}Modular PLC

rSmqkd&ifawmh Output module_{topf wpfck vJvS,fwyfqifvkduf½HkeJY}PLC_{[m e*kdtwkdif;}

tvkyfjyefvkyfEkdifygw,f/

PLC Status Indicators and I/O Status Indicators

PLC _{wdkif;&JU rsufESmpmay:rSm}PLC _{&JU tajctaeawGudk azmfjywJh}Status Indicator

awG yg&SdMuygw,f/ LED indicator lamp _{awGeJY azmfjyavh&Sdygw,f/}Status Indicator _3rsdK;&Sdyg

w,f/

Input signal awG&JU tajctaeawGudk azmfjywJh LEDs awGudk Input Status LED vdkY

ac:ygw,f/ Input terminal _{ta&twGuf&Sdoavmuf}Input Status LED_{ta&twGuf yg&Sd}

ygw,f/ PLC _&JUinput terminal _rSmsignal _&Sd&ifInput LED _{rD;vif;ygw,f/}

Output signal &JUtajctaeudk azmfjywJ LEDs awGudk Output Status LED vdkY ac:yg

w,f/ Output terminal _{ta&twGuf&Sdoavmuf}Output Status LED_{ta&twGuf yg&Sd}

ygw,f/ CPU _usignal _{xkwfay;vdkuf&if}output LED _{rD;vif;ygw,f/}

NyD;awmh PLC Status LED vdkY ac:wJh power &&Sd&ifvif;wJh Power LED &,f? PLC udk RUN _{vdkufrS vif;wJh}RUN LED _{&,f? rSm;aeNyD}Error _{vdkY azmfjywJh}ERR LED _&,f?

'DoHk;rsdK;?oHk;pm;?uawmh PLC _{wdkif;rSmyg&SdMuygw,f/}

tcsdKU PLC _awGrSmPLC _xJudkprogram _{a&;xnfhwJhtcg rD;vif;wJh}Communication LED _ygwwfygw,f/

tcsdKU PLC _awGrSmPLC _xJubattery _{&JU tajctaeudk azmfjywJh}Battery LED _vnf;

yg&SdwwfMuygw,f/

User program _{u ckdif;xm;wJhtwdkif;}PLC _{[m vkyfaqmifaeNyDqdk&if}RUN LED

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Octal number eJYa&wGufvdkY Input _{u 24ck} jzpfygw,f/ Octal number eJYa&wGufvdkY Output _u 16ck jzpfyg w,f/

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tcef; (4)

PLC

ukd wyfqiftoHk;jyKyHktaMumif;/

PLC _{ukd wyfqiftoHk;jyKr,fqkd&if}PLC_{ukd b,fvkd xkyfykd;xm;ovJ qkdwmudk azmfjy}

wJh IP code number_{taMumif;ukd odzkdYvkdtyfygw,f/}IP_udkIngress Protection_{vkdYvnf; ac:}

ygw,f/ International Protection _{vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ vHkNcHKatmifxkyfykd;rItqifhowfrSwf}

csuf jzpfygw,f/ PLC_{awG[m vHkNcHKatmifxkyfykd;rItqifhowfrSwfcsuf} IP 20_{yJ &Sdygw,f/}

'gaMumifh

(1) aea&mifjcnfeJY wkduf½kdufxdawGU EkdifwJhae&mrSm PLC_{udk rwyfqif&ygbl;/}

(2) tylcsdef 0°C_{xufavsmheJwJh ae&meJY}55°C_{xufykdrsm;wJh ae&mawGrSm}PLC_ukd

rwyfqif&ygbl;/

(3) a&aiGUpkdxkdif;q 10%RH_{xufavsmheJwJh ae&meJY}90%RH_{xufydkrsm;wJh ae&m}

awGrSmvnf; PLC_{ukd rwyfqif&ygbl;/}

(4) tylcsdef ½kwfw&uf ajymif;vJrIaMumifh aiGU&nfzGJUwwfwJh ae&mawGrSmvnf; PLC

udk rwyfqif&ygbl;/

(5) avmifpm;wwfwJh "gwfaiGU corrosive gas _{awG? qm;aiGUawG? rD;avmifvG,fwJh}

"gwfaiGUawG? &SdwJhae&mrSmvnf; PLC_{udk rwyfqif&ygbl;/}

(6) qDwkdY? a&wkdY? "gwkaq;&nfwkdY? eJY jzef;yufcH&EdkifwJh ae&mrSmvnf; PLC_{ukd rwyf}

qif&ygbl;/

(7) wkefcgrI? cg&rf;rI? jzpfay:EkdifwJh ae&mrSmvnf; PLC_{udk rwyfqif&ygbl;/}

'gawGuawmU PLC_{ukd wyfqifzkdYtwGuf}OEM _&JUManual _{awGxJu xkwfEIwfazmfjy}

xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tck azmfjycJhwJh ae&mrsdK;rSm PLC_{ukd rwyfqifbJ? vGwfuif;wJh ae&m}

rSm wyffqiftoHk;jyKr,f qkd&if PLC_{&JUoufwrf;&SnfMumpGm toHk;jyKEkdifrSm jzpfygw,f/}

PLC_{&JU vHkNcHKatmif xkyfykd;rItqifh[m}IP20_{om &SdwJhtwGuf}Panel_'grSr[kwf Cabinet_{xJrSmom wyfqiftoHk;jyK&rSm jzpfygw,f/}

tJ'Dvdk wyfqiftoHk;jyKwJh tcgrSm tylcsdefvGefuJrI'Pfudk rcH&atmif? av0if avxGuf rQwrI &Sd&ygr,f/ 'DtwGuf tjcm;ypönf; awGeJY PLC_{&JUtMum;rSm&SdwJh tuGmta0;}

udk 50mm_{(2 vufrcefY) cGmNyD; wyfqif&ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm}OEM _{u owfrSwfwJh Mum;}

tuGmta0;xuf ydkreD;ap&ygbl;/

tyl[m atmufbufuae tay:bufukd vGifhysHwufavh&SdvkdY tylxkwfvTwfwJh ypönf;awG&JU tay:bufrSm PLC_{udk wyfqifjcif; rjyK&ygbl;/ rvTJom? ra&SmifomwJh}

tajctaeaMumifh 55°C _{xufausmfvGefwJh ae&mrSm}PLC_{udk wyfqif&r,fqkd&if tat;ay;}

ud&d,mukdoHk;NyD;? PLC_ukd55°C_{txd ra&mufatmif pDrHxm;&ygr,f/ 'Dae&mrSmvnf;} OEM _{u owfrSwfwJh tjrifhqHk;tyl'D*&D} Temperature_{xuf rausmfvGefap&ygbl;/}

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Panel_xJrSmPLC_{udk wyfqifwJhtcg}High Voltage Equipment _{awGeJY twlwla&mNyD;} Panel_{1 ckxJrSm rwyfqif&ygbl;/}

AkdYtm;jrifh0g,m Power cable_{awGeJY teJqHk; &SpfvufrcefY}200mm_uGmjcm;atmif PLC_{udk xm;&ygr,f/}

Control panel _xJrSmPLC _udk

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PLC _{eJY eH&HMum;}

teJqHk;&dS&r,fh tuGmta0; jzpfygw,f/

Installation in Control Panel

When wiring input and output lines in ducts, keep a minimum space of 20 mm above and below the PLC base unit for maintenance. To prevent excessive heat built-up, keep a minimum space of 20 mm around the PLC unit for ventilation.

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Advised Installation Practices

Shield the PLC

The most common method of shielding, is to install the PLC inside a grounded steel enclosure.

Proper Cable Selection

Use twisted, shielded-pair cable for the power cable and field wiring. Properly terminate the shields of all cables to a single-point high-quality ground.

Ground the PLC

The purpose of grounding the PLC is to protect the electronic equipment from electric shock and harmful noise. To ground the PLC, connect a 12 to 16 gauge wire from the frame ground terminal strip screw of the controller to a high quality earth ground (less then 2 Ω). Since electrical currents always take the path of least resistance, the noise currents induced by a magnetic field will flow through the PLC frame ground terminal screw to earth ground. This essentially draws the noise away from the PLC modules.

The most effective method of grounding the PLC frame is to ground the PLC independent of other equipment. Avoid grounding the PLC through a daisy chain of wire connections with other equipment.

See figures below for good and bad examples:

'DvdkrqufeJY 'Dvdkqufyg

The length of the ground cable should not exceed 65 feet (20 m). For best results, the resistance of the ground cable should be less than 2 Ω.

Grounding (Earthing)

vQyfppfoHvkdufvdIif;rsm;aMumifh PLC_{udk taESmifht,Suf rjzpfapzkdYeJY ukdifwG,f toHk;}

jyKwJhvludk vQyfppftEÅ&m,frusa&mufatmif umuG,fzkdY twGuf Ground (Earth) _aumif;

aumif; csxm;ay;&ygr,f/ Earth Resistance _[m100Ω _{(100 tkrf;) xuf rykdap&ygbl;/} Earth _BudK;uvnf;2mm²_{(2 pwk&ef; rDvDrDwm) xufrao;i,fap&ygbl;/}Wire _qufoG,f

wJhtcg wire lug (crimp connector)_{ukd toHk;jyK&ygr,f/}Terminal screw_{ukd wif;MuyfrI} tight

vkyfwJhtcg wif;tm;u 0.5Nm to 0.6Nm_{twGif; &Sd&ygr,f/}Earth _{cswm&JU &nf&G,fcsufu}

rawmfwq vQyfppf,kdpdrfhrI leakage_{jzpfcJh&if vludk tEÅ&m,fuif;apzkdY jzpfygw,f/}Earth terminal_rSmPE (Protective Earth)_{vkdY a&;xm;avh &Sdygw,f/}