• No results found

The Conflict and Coordination between the TRIPS and the CBD

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "The Conflict and Coordination between the TRIPS and the CBD"

Copied!
17
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

学校编码:10384 分类号 密级

学 号:200408084 UDC

硕 士

学 位 论 文

论 TRIPS 与 CBD 的冲突与协调

The Conflict and Coordination between

the TRIPS and the CBD

刘 洋

指导教师姓名: 古 祖 雪 教 授

专 业 名 称 :

国 际 法 学

论文提交日期:

2 0 0 7 年 4 月

论文答辩时间:

2 0 0 7 年

学位授予日期:

2 0 0 7 年

答辩委员会主席:

评 阅 人:

2007 年 4 月

论 T R I P S 与 C B D 的 冲 突 与 协 调 刘 洋 指 导 教 师 古 祖 雪 教 授 厦 门 大 学

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

(2)

学校编码:10384

分类号 密级

学号:200408084 UDC

硕 士 学 位 论 文

论 TRIPS 与 CBD 的冲突与协调

The Conflict and Coordination between the TRIPS and the

CBD

刘洋

指导教师姓名:古祖雪 教授

专 业 名 称:国际法

论文提交日期:

论文答辩时间:

学位授予日期:

答辩委员会主席:

评 阅 人:

2007 年 月

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

(3)
(4)

厦门大学学位论文原创性声明

兹呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师指导下独立完成的研究成

果。本人在论文写作中参考的其他个人或集体的研究成果,均在

文中以明确方式标明。本人依法享有和承担由此论文产生的权利

和责任。

声明人(签名)

年 月 日

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

(5)

厦门大学学位论文著作权使用声明

本人完全了解厦门大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。厦门大

学有权保留并向国家主管部门或其指定机构送交论文的纸质版和电

子版,有权将学位论文用于非赢利目的的少量复制并允许论文进入学

校图书馆被查阅,有权将学位论文的内容编入有关数据库进行检索,

有权将学位论文的标题和摘要汇编出版。保密的学位论文在解密后适

用本规定。

本学位论文属于

1、保密( ),在 年解密后适用本授权书。

2、不保密( )

(请在以上相应括号内打“√”

作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日

导师签名: 日期: 年 月 日

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

(6)
(7)

内容摘要

内 容 摘 要

在知识产权事项上,《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(以下简称“TRIPS”) 和《生物多样性公约》(以下简称“CBD”)既有相互累加的一面,也有不相支 持的一面。世界贸易组织成员对这种不相支持是否构成条约冲突存在分歧。其原 因在于成员对条约冲突概念以及 TRIPS 对 CBD 规定的遗传资源和相关传统知识 的获取和惠益分享制度的实施效果的影响有不同认识。TRIPS 因没有体现该制度 的现实要求,从而限制了该制度的实施效果,并进而妨碍了 CBD 目标的实现。 基于这一点,两个条约确实存在冲突。其解决需要修改 TRIPS 的有关规则,而 目前的最佳方案是兼具形式要求和实质效果的公开要求方案。 除引言和结论外,本文分为三章。 第一章介绍 TRIPS 和 CBD 相互联系的背景及其具体方面,限定本文的讨论 范围。TRIPS 和 CBD 通过知识产权这个中间环节,在获取和惠益分享制度以及 技术的取得和转让方面发生了联系。 第二章从条约间的累加和冲突两个角度分析 TRIPS 和 CBD 的关系,阐明两 个条约在相互累加的同时,也存在冲突。TRIPS 因没有考虑获取和惠益分享制度 的现实要求,从而严重妨碍了 CBD 目标的实现。该冲突需要修改 TRIPS 有关规 则方得解决。 第三章分析目前主要的协调方案,并以必要性和可行性为标准予以评价,指 出有效的协调方案应当兼具形式要求和实质效果,并提出我国可采取的谈判策 略。 关键词:TRIPS;CBD;条约冲突

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

(8)
(9)

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

On the matter of intellectual property rights, on one hand, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights(TRIPS) accumulates the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD), on the other hand, they are not mutually supportive. The members of the World Trade Organization differ on whether such circumstance without mutual support constitutes the conflict of treaties. The reason is that the members have different views on the concept of the conflict of treaties and the influence of the TRIPS on the effect of the implementation of the system of access to and benefit-sharing of genetic resources and traditional knowledge stipulated by the CBD. The TRIPS does not consider the practical requirements of the access and benefit-sharing system. As a result, the TRIPS limits the effect of the implementation of the access and benefit-sharing system and, further, obstructs achieving the objectives of the CBD. Therefore, the TRIPS conflicts with the CBD. To resolve the conflict, the relevant rules of the TRIPS need to be amended. At present, the optimal choice is the disclosure requirements scheme with both formal requirements and substantial effect.

Besides the preface and conclusion, the thesis comprises three chapters.

Chapter 1 introduces the background and aspects of the connection between the TRIPS and the CBD and defines the scope of discussion. The interconnections include the access and benefit-sharing system and access to and transfer of technology.

Chapter 2 analyzes the relationship between the TRIPS and the CBD in terms of accumulation and conflict of treaties. The implementation of the TRIPS undermines the objectives of the CBD, for the TRIPS does not reflect the practical requirements of the access and benefit-sharing system. It is necessary to amend the relevant rules of the TRIPS to resolve the conflict between the two treaties.

Chapter 3 evaluates coordination schemes according to the criteria of necessity and feasibility, and draws a conclusion that the formal requirements and substantial effect are necessary for an effective scheme, and then makes proposals on the choice of negotiation strategy for China.

Key Words: TRIPS; CBD; Conflict of Treaties

(10)
(11)

缩略语表

缩略语表

ABBREVIATIONS

ABS Access to and Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources and Relevant Traditional Knowledge

遗传资源和相关传统知识的获取和惠益分享 CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

生物多样性公约

PCT Patent Cooperation Treaty 专利合作条约

TRIPS Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 与贸易有关的知识产权协议

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织

WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme 联合国环境规划署

UPOVC International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 保护植物新品种国际公约

USPTO United States Patent and Trademark Office

(12)
(13)

目 录

目 录

引 言...1

第一章 TRIPS 与 CBD 之间的联系...3

第一节 TRIPS 与 CBD 相互联系的背景 ... 3 一、生物技术的知识产权保护... 3 二、生物多样性危机... 5 第二节 TRIPS 与 CBD 相互联系的界面 ... 6 一、遗传资源的法律地位... 7 二、传统知识保护和惠益分享... 10 三、技术的取得和转让... 13

第二章 TRIPS 与 CBD 之间的累加与冲突...15

第一节 TRIPS 与 CBD 之间的累加 ... 15 一、条约之间的累加关系... 15 二、TRIPS 与 CBD 累加的具体方面 ... 15 第二节 TRIPS 与 CBD 之间的冲突 ... 20 一、WTO 成员间的分歧... 20 二、TRIPS 与 CBD 之间冲突的判定 ... 22

第三章 TRIPS 与 CBD 之间的协调...33

第一节 协调方案的类型与内容 ... 33 一、公开要求方案... 33 二、合同安排方案... 38 第二节 协调方案的评价与选择... 38 一、评价与选择的标准... 38 二、协调方案的评价... 40 三、协调方案的选择及我国的谈判策略... 45

结 论...49

参考文献...51

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

(14)
(15)

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

Preface... 1

Chapter 1 Connection between the TRIPS and the CBD ... 3

Subchapter 1 Background of the Connection between the TRIPS and the CBD ... 3

Section 1 Intellectual Property Protection of Biotechnology ... 3

Section 2 Biodiversity Crisis ... 5

Subchapter 2 Interface of the Connection between the TRIPS and the CBD... 6

Section 1 Legal Status of Genetic Resources ... 7

Section 2 Protection and the Access to and Benefit-Sharing of Traditional Knowledge... 10

Section 3 Access to and Transfer of Technology ... 13

Chapter 2 Accumulation and Conflict between the TRIPS and the

CBD ...15

Subchapter 1 Accumulation between the TRIPS and the CBD... 15

Section 1 Accumulation between Treaties ... 15

Section 2 Aspects of the Accumulation between the TRIPS and the CBD.... 15

Subchapter 2 Conflict between the TRIPS and the CBD... 20

Section 1 Different Opinions of the Members of the WTO ... 20

Section 2 Determination of the Conflict between the TRIPS and the CBD... 22

Chapter 3 The Coordination between the TRIPS and the CBD ...33

Subchapter 1 Types and Content of Coordination Schemes... 33

Section 1 Disclosure Requirements Scheme ... 33

Section 2 Contract Scheme... 38

Subchapter 2 Evaluation and Choice of Coordination Schemes ... 38

Section 1 Criteria of Evaluation and Choice ... 38

Section 2 Evaluation of Coordination Schemes ... 40

Section 3 Choice of Coordination Schemes and China’s Negotiation Strategy ... 45

Conclusion ...49

Bibliography ...51

(16)
(17)

Degree papers are in the “Xiamen University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Database”. Full texts are available in the following ways:

1. If your library is a CALIS member libraries, please log on http://etd.calis.edu.cn/ and submit requests online, or consult the interlibrary loan department in your library.

2. For users of non-CALIS member libraries, please mail to [email protected] for delivery details.

References

Related documents

The purpose of this application note is to define the differences between LOL Clear Time and frequency locking time, how they may have been affected by the change, and how to

Melt ghee in a small frying pan on medium heat and sauté onions for about 10 minutes, or until nicely browned but not burned.. Add jalapeño peppers and sauté for another minute

Conference. Academic Freedom in Higher Education. Orlando, Florida, February 2011. University of Houston Law Center, Higher Education Law and Policy Conference, Scholar

We believe a Massively Clustered CubeSats platform should be an obvious first choice for the NCPS demo mission when one considers that cost and risk of the payload can be

La investigación tiene como propósito el análisis de las consecuencias para las Pequeñas y medianas empresas – Pymes en Colombia (grupo 2), que presentan

" In-office visits by motorists increased 6.7 percent from the previous quarter, as the department served 1,796,434 customers in driver license field offices.*.. * This

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit

3 " The United States Supreme Court found that the New Mexico Electrical Energy Tax Act did indirectly burden interstate electricity and was violative of the