Name: Date:
Unit 2 Assessment
1. Glucose, C6H12O6 and pictured below, can bond together to form carbohydrate polymers of starch or cellulose. Glucose is a(n) (SC.912.L.18.1)
a. amino acid b. nucleotide c. monosaccharide d. fatty acid
2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA, and Ribonucleic Acid, RNA, are vital components of every cell. DNA and RNA… (SC.912.L.18.1) a. are composed of nucleic acids and are responsible for directing protein synthesis
b. are composed of amino acids and are responsible for passing on genetic information c. are composed of nucleotides and are responsible for lipid synthesis
d. are composed of nucleotides and are responsible for directing protein synthesis and other aspects of the cell
3. Which type of biological macromolecule depends most upon its three-dimensional shape to function properly? (SC.912.L.18.1) a. lipids
b. proteins c. nucleic acids d. carbohydrates
4. A student writes a research paper on the function of lipids in the human body. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for the report? (SC.912.L.18.1)
a. Energy Storage and Cell Membranes: An Extraordinary Molecule b. Strong Muscles and Bones: How the Body Build Them
c. Energy for Activities Right Now. d. Genetics and You
5. A carbohydrate is an organic compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The unique structure of carbohydrates makes them useful material for building cell walls in plants. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in animals? (SC.912.L.18.1)
a. digesting food b. fighting disease
c. storing short-term energy d. transmitting nerve impulses
6. A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. During
experimentation, she determines that the substance is soluble in oil but not in water. Which of the following macromolecules is the unknown substance most likely to be? (SC.912.L.18.1)
a. carbohydrate b. lipid c. nucleic acid d. protein
7. Proteins are one of four classes of biological macromolecules. Which of the following statements regarding proteins is NOT true? (SC.912.L.18.1)
a. Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
b. Proteins contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
c. Proteins have only one specific role - to regulate the rate of biochemical reactions. d. Protein monomers have a carboxyl group on one end and an amino acid on the other.
8. Aminoacyl transferase catalyzes the esterification of amino acids to tRNA during protein synthesis. What is aminoacyl transferase? (SC.912.L.18.11)
9. The graph below shows an enzyme activity vs. temperature graph for three different enzymes.
If these enzymes are placed in environments with drastically different temperatures, they would likely… (SC.912.L.18.11) a. continue to function normally
b. function normally as long as the temperature is adjusted c. denature and cease to function
d. function as a slower rate
10. As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
(SC.912.L.18.11)
a. It becomes inactive. b. It begins to replicate.
c. Its shape changes to engulf large proteins. d. Its activity increases to digest more proteins.
11. What property causes the cohesion of water molecules that moves water through a plant against the force of gravity? (SC.912.L.18.12)
a. density b. volume c. polarity d. heat capacity
12. The properties of water allow for life to flourish on earth. Which of the following incorrectly lists some of the properties of water? (SC.912.L.18.12)
a. cohesion, adhesion, surface tension
b. capillary action, low heat capacity, high density of ice c. adhesion, low density of ice, polarity
d. high heat capacity, polarity, cohesion
13. The Gulf Stream is an ocean current that flows along Florida’s east coast. It has an important moderating effect on the climates of northern latitudes, particularly in Greenland, Canada, and Europe. What property of water makes the climate of these areas milder than they would otherwise be? (SC.912.L.18.12)
a. melting point
b. high specific heat capacity c. polarity and electronegativity
d. expansion of crystal structure as water Freezes
14. Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants? (SC.912.L.18.12)
a. Water expands as it freezes. b. Water is an excellent solvent. c. Water exhibits cohesive behavior. d. Water is able to moderate temperatures.
15. Water is a common cleaning agent. It is most effective for dissolving substances with which characteristic? (SC.912.L.18.12) a. polar bonds
b. high density c. nonelectrolytes d. low electronegativity
16. After the invention of the microscope, biologists were able to look at organisms on a microscopic scale. The new data that they collected with this instrument led to what discovery? (SC.912.L.14.1)
b. Atomic theory c. Theory of inheritance d. Theory of organic evolution
17. The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge? (SC.912.L.14.1)
a. All living things are made of cells.
b. All cells come from other preexisting cells. c. Cells form through spontaneous generation.
d. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
18. The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge? (SC.912.L.14.1)
a. All living things are made of cells.
b. All cells come from other preexisting cells. c. Cells form through spontaneous generation.
d. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
19. In the past, most scientists accepted the theory of spontaneous generation. This theory states that organisms can arise from non-living matter. Now scientists accept the cell theory to explain the origin and growth of new organisms. Which of these statements is a key idea of cell theory that disproves the theory of spontaneous generation? (SC.912.L.14.1)
a. The cell is the basic unit of life b. All living things are made of matter
c. All cells arise from pre-existing cells by mitosis d. All cells are from the combination of two other cells
20. Robert Hooke is credited with discovering cells while observing a piece of cork under a microscope. In his book Micrographia , which he published in 1665, Hooke describes the small structures that he observed under the microscope. Which part of the cell theory is best supported by this discovery? (SC.912.L.14.1)
a. Cells perform specialized functions. b. The cell is the basic unit of living things. c. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
d. Cells reproduce and all cells come from existing cells
21. Which piece of scientific knowledge best supports the idea of the cell theory that cells come from existing cells? (SC.912.L.14.1) a. Cells are the smallest structures that carry out specialized functions in a living organism.
b. Multicellular organisms have chromosomes located in membrane-bound nuclei. c. Some members of a species display a trait due to mutations in genetic coding.
d. Chromosomes (DNA) are copied before replication and passed on to the next generation of cells 22. Which of the following observations would seem to contradict the cell theory? (SC.912.L.14.1)
a. cells do not grow past a certain size
b. a daughter cell has the same chromosomes as a parent cell c. protein chains display lifelike mobility in moving through a cell d. a unicellular organism is discovered that has a nucleus and a flagellum
23. In the 1800s, scientists studied how fat-soluble substances and water soluble substances interact with cell membranes. Their studies provided evidence that cell membranes are structured to perform specific functions. What function did these studies suggest that cell membranes perform? (SC.912.L.14.2)
a. control cellular activities
b. control what enters and exits a cell c. form proteins from fat-soluble substances d. carry materials throughout the interior of the cell
a. A-protein. Function: allows some large molecules to pass through the membrane b. A-lipid. Function: allows some large molecules to pass through the membrane c. B-protein. Function: allows some large molecules to pass through the membrane d. B-lipid. Function: allows some large molecules to pass through the membrane
24. The phospholipid bilayer of cells is referred to as selectively permeable membranes, meaning only certain substances can pass through the membrane. Suppose the bilayer is permeable to water and it is placed into a hypertonic solution (a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell compared to inside the cell). Which of the following describes the process that will occur and gives the correct conclusion? (SC.912.L.14.2)
a. Diffusion; water will flow into the cell and cause the cell to increase in size b. Osmosis; water will flow into the cell and cause the cell to increase in size c. Diffusion; water will out of the cell and cause the cell to decrease in size d. Osmosis; water will out of the cell and cause the cell to decrease in size 25. What is the primary difference between diffusion and osmosis? (SC.912.L.14.2)
a. Diffusion is an example of active transport while osmosis is an example of passive transport b. Osmosis is an example of active transport while diffusion is an example of passive transport
c. Osmosis is the movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration while diffusion is the movement of any other substance from a high to a low concentration
d. Diffusion is the movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration while osmosis is the movement of any other substance from a high to a low concentration
26. Which of the following is a true statement? (SC.912.L.14.2)
a. active transport requires energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradients b. active transport does not require energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradients c. passive transport does not require energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradients d. passive transport does not require energy and moves molecules with their concentration gradients
27. There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (SC.912.L.14.3)
a. lysosome b. mitochondrion c. nucleus d. ribosome
28. Which of the following accurately states the difference between plant and animal cells? (SC.912.L.14.3) a. Animal cells have stomata that allow for gas exchange
b. Plant cells have chloroplasts – this is where photosynthesis occurs c. Plant cells have stromal cells – this is where photosynthesis occurs d. Animal cells have chloroplasts that turn glucose into ATP
29. If you examined a cell under a microscope and found that it had a nucleus and other organelles, how would you classify the cell? (SC.912.L.14.3)
a. It is a plant cell b. It is an animal cell c. It is a eukaryotic cell d. It is a prokaryotic cell
30. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, while multicellular and more sophisticated single-celled organisms are eukaryotic. Which of these describes a prokaryotic cell and NOT a eukaryotic cell? (SC.912.L.14.3)
a. Sunlight is absorbed by chloroplasts in the cell
A
C
E
B
D
F
G
d. The DNA is located in the cytoplasm in a ring called the plasmid 31. How is a plant cell different from an animal cell? (SC.912.L.14.3)
a. An animal cell has a cell membrane that allows certain substances to pass through b. An animal cell has mitochondria for production of ATP
c. A plant cell has a cell wall for support and protection d. A plant cell has ribosomes for making proteins
32. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. By contrast, animal, plant, and fungal cells are eukaryotic. What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (SC.912.L.14.3)
a. Eukaryotes have a cell wall.
b. Prokaryotes cannot live without a host.
c. Eukaryotes copy DNA and are able to reproduce. d. Prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Use the diagram below to answer question 33-36.
33. What type of cell is this? (SC.912.L.14.3) a. prokaryote
b. eukaryote c. plant cell d. animal cell
34. Which of the following is a correct statement? (SC.912.L.14.3)
c. Organelle A houses the DNA of the cell, while organelle B changes and repackages proteins made in the cell d. Organelle E stores proteins and carbohydrates in the cell, while organelle G is made of nucleotides
35. Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP in plant and animal cells? (SC.912.L.14.3) a. Organelle C
b. Organelle D c. Organelle F d. Organelle G
36. Which of the following is true of organelle C? (SC.912.L.14.3)
a. it is the vacuole which stores products and helps support the cell
b. it is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum which is the site of lipid synthesis c. it is the rough endoplasmic reticulum which is the site of protein synthesis
d. it is the cell membrane which is responsible for controlling what can enter and exit the cell 37. If I wanted to re-draw this cell as an animal cell, I would have to remove… (SC.912.L.14.3)
a. The cytoplasm, cell wall, and chloroplasts b. The vacuole, chloroplasts, and ribosomes c. The nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane d. The cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts
38. The function of most plant leaves is to carry out photosynthesis. As a result, these cells contain many more what organelle than the other parts of the plant? (SC.912.L.14.3)
a. chloroplasts b. mitochondria c. nuclei d. vacuoles
Unit 2 Assessment Tracking Sheet
SC.912.L.18.1: Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 _________
SC.912.L.18.11: Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors, such as pH and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity.
8 9 10 _________
SC.912.L.18.12: Discuss the special properties of water that contribute to Earth’s suitability as an environment for life: cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent.
11 12 13 14 15 _________
SC.912.L.14.1: Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the process of science.
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
_________
SC.912.L.14.2: Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport).
23 24 25 26 _________
SC.912.L.14.3: Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
