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A Discussion on Consumer Rights in India

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© 2017 IJSRST | Volume 3 | Issue 1 | Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology

Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa ij ,d foe'kZ

izHkkr dqekj flag 'kks/k Nk= jktuhfr foKku foHkkx, bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;, bykgkckn, , mŸkj izns”k, Hkkjr

lkj %&

miHkksDrk dk fodkl ysu nsus dh izd`fr ls gksrk gSA ;g fo"k; izd`fr] ekuo] lekt o jkT; ls tqM+k gSA vk/kqfud le; esa miHkksDrk vf/kdkj dh ek¡x dh 'kq:vkr vesfjdk esa dh x;hA ;w0,u0 }kjk bldk leFkZu fn;k x;kA Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1986 esa yk;k x;k ftlesa t:jr vuqlkj le;≤ ij ifjorZu fd;k x;k gSA bl fjlPkZ issij esa miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dk ,d fo'ys"k.kkRed v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dks ekuokf/kdkj dk fo"k; ekuk x;k gSA miHkksDrkvksa ds guu ds dkj.k esa ^dkYifud ykHk {ks=* o ^okLrfod ykHk {ks=^ dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA blds lkFk gh O;fDr dh izo`fRr dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA miHkksDrk guu dh leL;k nwj djus ds fy;s Hk; rduhdh] xjhch mUewyu] tula[;k fu;U=.k] mfpr f'k{kk ¼uSfrdrk;qDr½] /keZ o laLd`fr ds ln~mi;ksx dh ckr dh x;h gSA

Hkwfedk %&

(2)

Hkh gSA miHkksDrk vf/kdkj dh rduhdh ifjHkk"kk ds vuqlkj tks vkt ds lekt esa mi;qDr gS blesa rhu furkUr vko';d rRokas dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gS2 &

(i). miHkksDrk ,d [kjhnnkj vo'; gksA oLrq ls oLrq fofue; blesa ugha vkrk gSA

(ii). ,d miHkksDrk us OkLrq Ø; fd;k gks o ewY; pqdk;k gksA migkj bR;kfn ds :i esa u gksA (iii). oLrq ;k lsok dh [kjhn miHkksDrk }kjk izR;{k miHkksx ds fy;s vko';d gSA

miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dk fodkl%&

vxj oSf'od fygkt ls ns[kk tk; rks miHkksDrk ds laj{k.k dk iz;kl lcls igys la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa fd;k x;kA3 vesfjdk esa 20 oha lnh ds e/;dky esa vesfjdh miHkksDrk ogk¡ ds dEifu;ksas ds vuqfpr O;kolkf;d dk;ksZ ls ukjkt Fks vkSj ogkW ds ,d odhy ¼jYi ukMsj½ us fuekZrkvksa ,oa O;kikfj;ksa ds f[kykQ miHkksDrkvksa ds vkjksiksa dk leFkZu fd;k FkkA bl izdkj ogk¡ ds jk"Vªifr dk dSUksMh dk /;ku miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa ij x;k vkSj mUgksus pkj ewyHkwr miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh tks bl izdkj gS&

¼1½ lqj{kk dk vf/kdkjA ¼2½ lwpuk dk vf/kdkjA ¼3½ p;u dk vf/kdkjA

¼4½ f'kdk;r lqus tkus dk vf/kdkjA

jk"Vªifr dSUksMh ds bUgh iz;klksa o miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dks ;kn djus ds fy;s 15 ekpZ dks fo'o miHkksDrk vf/kdkj fnol ds :i esa euk;k tkrk gSA ckn esa vesfjdh dkaxzsl us blesa pkj vkSj vf/kdkj tksM+ fn;s4 &

1- miHkksrk f'k{kk dk vf/kdkjA 2- {kfr izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjA 3- LOkPN okrkoj.k dk vf/kdkjA

4- ewYkHkwr vko';drk,¡ tSls Hkkstu oL= vkSj vkokl izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj

ckn eas 9 vizSy 1985 dks ;w0,u0 egklHkk us miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dks cuk;k vkSj leLr fo'o esa bls ykxw djus dk vkxzg fd;kA vkt reke ns'kksa esa [kkldj fodflr ns'kksa esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds dkuwu cM+s Lrj ij ykxw fd;s x;s gSA

(3)

chp ds dky esa Hkkjr esa dksbZ ,dh—r dkuwu ugh Fkk7A miHkksDrk ds laj{k.k ds fy;s fo'ks"k dkuwu ugh Fkk ijUrq dqN ,sls dkuwu Fks ftlesa FkksM+k cgqr miHkksDrk ds fgrksas dk [;ky j[kk x;k Fkk tSls

&vkS"kf/k ,oa lkSan;Z izlk/ku vf/kfu;e& 1940 &vkS"kf/k ¼fu;a=.k½ vf/kfu;e] 1950

&vkS"kf/k ,oa tknqbZ bykt ¼vkifRRktud fo/kk;u½ vf/kfu;e&1954 &otu ,oa eki ekud vf/kfu;e 1976

&otu ,oa eki ekud ¼fMCck can oLrq,¡½ dkuwu 1977@bR;kfnA

ijUrq ;s fu;e cMs+ Lrj ij miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dks izHkkoh ugh cuk ik jgs FksA Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk vkUnksyu dks fn'kk 1966 esa ts0vkj0Mh0 VkVk ds usr`Ro esa dqN m|ksxifr;ksa }kjk miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds rgr ^Qs;j izSfDVl^ ,'kksfl,'ku8 dh LFkkiuk eqEcbZ esa djds nh x;hA Lo;alsoh laxBu ds :i esa ^xzkgd iapk;r^ dh LFkkiuk ch-,e- tks'kh }kjk 1974 esas iw.ks es dh x;hA miHkksDrk fgrks ds laj{k.k esa 1986 dk vf/kfu;e Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk fgrksa dk ,d etcwr vkSj l'kDr gfFk;kj vk;kA bl dkuwu us miHkksDrk fgrksa ds fy;s ns'k ds rhu Lrjksa&jk"Vªh; jkT;h; o LFkkuh; ij U;k; ds nsoh dh rjg vius dks [kM+k fd;kA bl dkuwu us viuk y{; miHkksDrkvksa dh f'kdk;rksa ds 'kh?kz o lLrs fuokj.k dks j[kkA le;≤ ij t:jr iM+us ij bu dkuwu esa 1991] 1993 o 2002 esa la'kks/ku fd;k x;k gSA orZeku esa blesa iqu% la'kks/ku djds bldks le; ds lkFk vkSj vk/kqfud cukus dh ckr dh tk jgh gS

miHkksDrk vf/kdkj ekuokf/kdkj gS %&

(4)

miHkksDrk ds ihfM+r gksus ds dkj.k&

;fn ges miHkksDrkvksa ds ihfM+r gksus ds dkj.kksa dks tkuuk gS rks mlls igys ;g le>uk furkUr vko';d gS fd miHkksDrk cktkjhdj.k ;k oS'ohdj.k ds bl ;qx esa dSls vkSj dgk¡ vkdj /kks[kk/kM+h dk f'kdkj gksus yxrk gS ;fn ge vkfFkZd ekeyks esa ckr djs rks tSlk ge tkurs gS fd tc Hkh O;olk; 'kq: fd;k tkrk gS rks mldk Hkfo"; ns[kk tkrk gS fd blesa ykHk gSa fd ugh ;fn ml {ks= esa ykHk gS rks O;olk; 'kq: fd;k tkrk gSA vc tc ;g 'kq: fd;k tk jgk rks lcls igys mldks fØ;kfUor djrs le; xzkgdksa ij /;ku dsfUnzr fd;k tkrk gSA bl Lrj rd rks xzkgdkas dks iwjh izxk<+rk ;k etcwrh ;k xEHkhjrk ds rgr fy;k tkrk gS vFkkZr xzkgd gh Hkxoku gS ds rkSj ijA vPNk dqN le;ksa rd ;g O;olk; iwjh rjg lQy jgk o rUe;rk ls ykHk dh vk'kk esa dk;Z djrk jgk o xzkgdksa dks Hkh iwjh rjg xEHkhjrk ls fy;k x;kA vc ,d fuf'pr le; lhek ds ckn tc ykHk dk v/;;u fd;k rks ;g irk pyk fd ;g ykHk {ks= mlds ml ykHk a{ks= rd ugh igq¡p ik;k ftldh mlus dYiuk dh FkhA ;g ^dkYifud ykHk{ks=^ izR;sd O;olk;h dk vyx&vyx gks ldrk gSA ;g dYiuk {ks= blfy;s curk gS D;ksafd lekt dk izR;sd O;fDr vius ls ÞvPNh fLFkfrß¼O;fDr vuqlkj ;g fLFkfr vyx&vyx gks ldrh gS½ esa tkuk pkgrk gSA tc bl dkYifud ykHk{ks= esa O;olk;h dk ^okLrfod YkkHk^ {ks= ugha igq¡p ikrk gS rc blh dks igq¡pkus ds fy;s og vyx ls vkSj iz;kl djrk gSA /khjs&/khjs blh ykHk {ks= dks c<+kus ds fy;s og uSfrd :i ls xyr rdksZa dk lgkjk ysrk gSA ;g dk;Z izR;sd O;fDr vius&vius Lrj ij djrk gSA ewyr% blh dkj.kksa ls xzkgdksa ds fgrksa dks uqdlku igq¡prk gSA blh ÞdkYifud ykHk{ks=ß dks ikus ds fy;s dbZ O;olk;h 'kq: ls gh uSfrd :i ls xyr dk;ksZ dk lgkjk ysrs gSaA bu izfØ;kvks tks fd yksd rkfU=d fl)kUrksa ds Hkh foijhr gS ¼bldk fu/kkZj.k jkT; djsxk½ ds rgr izR;sad O;fDr ,d nwljs ds fgrksa dks izHkkfor djrs jgrs gS] vkSj ,d nwljs dks uqdlku Hkh igq¡pkrs jgrs gSaA

blh ^dkYifud ykHk{ks=^ ds fy;s O;olk;h jkT; }kjk cuk;h x;h fof/k;ksa dh [kkfe;k¡ <w<rs gS rFkk mldk ykHk mBkrs gSA blds lkFk&lkFk os miHkksDrk dh vKkurk o dgha&dgh miHkksDrk dks Hk;] ykyp] detksjh] le;kHkko bR;kfn dk lgkjk ysdj ds mudks f'kdkj cukrs gSaA tSls& ;fn vki fdlh jsLrjka esa tk;s rks vki ogk¡ ds ehuw dkMZ dks i<s+xs rks irk pysxk fd tks fM'k vkidks nh tk;sxh oks fdlh vU; Hkk"kk esa fy[kk gksxkA ;gk¡ dqN ukeksaa dk mYys[k fd;k tk jgk gS&

¼fM'k use½ ljy fgUnh es vFkZ nke

(i) jkslsVksa vYtQuksZ Hkkr vkSj yky lkx feyk gqvk [kkuk

:- 375

(ii) fluksfeuk lqQys lwth dk gyok :- 175

(5)

vc ,d i<+k fy[kk O;fDr x;k jsLVksjs.V esa] ehuw dkMZ esa ns[kk jkslsVksa vYtQuksZ fM'k cM+h vPNh yx jgh gS tcfd mls irk ugha gS fd blesaa D;k gSA mlus fM'k dk vkMZj rks dj fn;k ij mls ckn es irk py fd bl fM'k esa rks dqN fo'ks"k ugh gS oks Bxk lk eglwl djus yxkA ij djs Hkh rks D;k djs og jsLVksjs.V ds ekfyd ls yM+ Hkh rks ugh ldrk tcfd mls xqLLkk rks cgqr vk;kA ;gk vkids i<us fy[kus dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha jgk tkrk ;gk¡ dke vkrh gS vkidh le>nkjh fd vki iwN ysrs fd ;g fM'k dSls cusxh o fdruh ek=k esa gksxh mi;qZDr izdj.k dk lek/kku nks rjhds ls gks ldrk gS igyk fd nqdkunkj [kqn crk ns fd blesa D;k&D;k jgsxkA nwljk] O;fDr [kqn iwN ysA ij lgh lek/kku ;g gksxk fd nqdkunkj fy[kok ns vkSj O;fDr ds iwNus ij crk;sA ;fn og nksuks dk ugh djrk rks ,d izdkj ls og miHkksDrk ds lkFk etkd dj jgk gksrk gSA

miHkksDrk guu leL;k dk funku&

(6)

c<+kok nsuk o mls vFkkZRk cgl dks lEeku dh utj ls ns[kus dh Hkkouk iSnk fd;k tk;] oLrqvksa o lsokvks dk fooj.k LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ;k ekr`Hkk"kk es fd;k tk;A vafre :i ls ge dg ldrs gS fd miHkksDrk guu ds ekeyksa dks jksdus ds fy;s ges xk¡/kh ds mu fopkjksas ds rgr dk;Z djuk gksxk ftlesa mUgksaus dgk gS fd Þ,d miHkksDrk@xzkgdß gekjs ifjlj dk ,d egRoiw.kZ n'kZd gksrk gS og gekjs Åij fuHkZj ugh gksrk cfYd ge mld mij fuHkZj gksrs gSA og gekjs dk;Z esa ck/kd u gksdj dk;Z dk mís'; gksrk gSA og gekjs O;olk; esa ckgjh O;fDr u gksdj O;olk; dk ,d vax gSA ge mldh lsok ugh dj jgs gS cfYd og ges ,slk djus dk lkSHkkX; iznku dj jgk gSA^^ miHkksDrkvksa dh leL;kvksa dks dkuwu }kjk gy fd;k tk ldrk gS ij [kRe ughaA uSfrdrk o tkx:drk dk Lrj c<+k djds gh bldks [kRe fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlesa dkuwu lg;ksxh cu ldrk gSA Hkkjr es miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa ds fy;s muds laj{k.k ds lkFk&lkFk tkx:drk c<+kdj Hkh miHkksDrk dks lqjf{kr djus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA ijUrq vkt t:jr gS fd bl dk;Z esa mfpr f'k{kk] uSfrdrk o /keZ dk Hkh lgkjk fy;k tk;A

lUnHkZ xzUFk

(i) Https://hi.M.wikipedia.org/wiki/miHkksDrk

(ii) Https://sol.du.ac.in/mod/book/view.php?id=1475&chapterid=139region/main (iii) Https://hi.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/miHkksDrk= laj{k.k

(iv) ih0f'koizdk'ku vkSj jkteksgu] daT;wej bEikojes.V% jkbV~t ,.M fjLika lfcfyVh dfu"dk ifCyllZ U;w nsYgh] 2001

(v) xkok- vks-ih- Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd fopkajd i`"B 37&60 izdk'kd e;wj isij cSad 2008 (vi) ,u-lh-j-vkj-Vh- e/;dkyhu Hkkjr% pUnzk lrh'k

(vii) Hkkjr ljdkj] miHkksDrk laj{k.k dkuwu 1986] miHkksDrk ekeys eU=ky;] U;w fnYyh 1990 (viii) Https://hi.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/miHkksDrk= laj{k.k

(ix) Mk0 vxzoky] ,p-vks% ekuo vf/kdkj% i`"B la[;k 2 lh-,y-,-ifCyds'kUl bykgkckn 2012 (x) xkckZ vks0ih0 jktuhfr fl}kWr dh ewy ladYiuk;s- Ldkyj Vsdizsl xqMxko gfj;k.kk 2014 (xi) xka/kh egkRek% fgUnLojkt

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