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Utilizing Lignin from Malaysian Bamboo (Semantan) as Partial Replacement of Phenol in Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Adhesives: Physico-Mechanical Characteristic of Sustainable and Environmental-Friendly Adhesives

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Figure

Figure 1. Lignin precursors and its corresponding structures in lignin polymers
Table 1. Analysis and related instruments carried
Table.2. pH value and solid content result of PF and
Figure 5. ATR-FTIR spectrum of pure PF (Control)
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