Multi Axis Trailer with Automatic Reverse Breaking System

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2018)

276

Multi Axis Trailer with Automatic Reverse Breaking System

Prof. A. B. Bhane

1

, A. S. Shinde

2

, R. J. Pandhare

3

, A. R. Kshirsagar

4

, S. I. Kale

5

1_{First Author Affiliation & Address}

2,3,4,5_{BE Mechanical, SPPU, Pune, India}

Abstract—In today’s trailer system, the unloading of the material is in only one single direction. And at small compact space and small roads difficulty increase in unloading of the material. The titled project and paper gives clarification or elucidation on the solution to the above discussed exigency. Also the length between driver and back end of the trailer is more in tractor case. Hence the blind spot area is more .The paper also ventilates above the solution on the blind spot area and discuss about the solution and reduction of the accidents at the time of the reverse break.

Keywords— Trailer, Reverse breaking, Trolley, blind spot area

I. INTRODUCTION

In the project the invention of the new technology is created which overcome the difficulty in unloading the materials from tractor’s trolley. In 21st_{century all the}

things in the automobile industry are joining towards. Day by day new invention is created and that new things are replacing the new things which are too much beneficial. In tractor trolley system, probably in India the unloading of material is in single direction only i.e. rear side of the trolley. In small compact space surely the consumption of time is more. In such situation, like compact space as per the situation or requirement. So in this process fuel consumption is more. Now the project has mainly concentrated on this difficulty and hence the perfect and suitable arrangement of all parts is done and has been design to simply this problem.

A trailer is an unpowered vehicle towed by a powered vehicle and trailer is commonly used for transport of good and other material. In now existence system of the trolley, the damping of the trolley is provided in a single direction only i.e.-rear side. So this small compact area facing the difficulties. To overcome such situation we are implementing the three axis trailer trolley system. In this system the rotation provided in such manner that the trolley get desired direction. And when the driver drives tractor in reverse direction, he unable to see the exact behind the trailer and due to this there is a accidents happens. To avoid this accident we are designing the automatic reverse breaking system both the units are combined in one unit.

II. OBJECTIVE

Our main aim this project is to develop the system and modify the single dumping trailer to three axis trailer for industrial applications. To produce and achieve mechanism for curtail of time of unloading the material from trolley. It provide the easy method for dumping. And to unload the material in any angle develop the system which satisfies all the requirements. And reduce the blind spot area by making automation, and also reduce the accidents happening by tractor trolley at the time of reverse. The Main objective are as follows:-

1) To develop the safety system for reverse breaking by automation human error reduced.

2) To reduce man power.

3) To develop a system for easy unloading of the material in any angle.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

[1] _{By this some research paper it is easy for the driver to}

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They proposed the work on the automatic reverse breaking system. The problem in design is that the response time is slightly big in some conditions. To reduce the time response the logic controller designed can be enhanced by applying more rules. By then it can produce better response.

IV. COMPONENTS

1) IR or Ultrasonic sensor

2) Electronic circuit

3) Solenoid valve

4) Caliper

5) Disc

6) Air compressor

7) DCV

8) Pneumatic Cylinder

9) Motor

10) Chain drive

V. CONNECTIONS

VI. CONNECTION &LAYOUT

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VIII. CALCULATIONS

Material used – mild steel, square pipes

Area – 1*1 inch= 25.4*25.47=645.6mm^2

Length of link =30inch =762mm

Weight of the project=15kg=15*9.81=147.15N

Actual weight of the trolley only=10kg =10*9.81=98.1N

Break Calculations-

Brake drum (Front) = 110 mm

Brake Drum (Rear) = 110 mm

This brake is Internally Expanding brake.

Radius of drum = R = 55 mm

Face Width = b = 30 mm

h = R-(b/2)

= 55- (30/2)

= 40 mm

Length between pivot and spring = L = 90 mm

Assuming µ = 0.4

P max = 0.3

ɵ1 =0

ɵ2 =90

= 90* (π/180)

= 1.57079 radian

ɵ max = 90

Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder –

Cylinder -20*50 Cylinder: 20*50

1.1.1.1 Volume of air exhaust = Stroke *Area of piston

=100*π/4*20^2

=31415.92 m^3

1.1.1.2 Area of piston = π/4*20^2

a) = 2314.15 mm^2

1.1.1.3 Outstroke force (F) = Pressure *Area of cylinder

=0.4*314.15

=125.66 N

1.1.1.4 Piston rod area (A1) = π/4*d^2

= π/4*7^2

=38.48mm^2

1.1.1.5 In stroke force= P*A

=0.4*275.66

=110.26 N

1.2 Chain design:

Chain -06 B

Pitch -9.525mm

Roller diameter, d1=6.35 mm

Width, b1=5.72 mm

Transverse pitch pt=54.85 mm

z1=18

z2=18

Approximate centre distance,

a=40p =40*9.525=381mm

1.3 Design of sprocket:

Used chain no.06B

For Z=18

Pitch, P=9.525

Width between inner plates, b1=5.72

Roller diameter, d1=6.35

Transverse pitch pt=10.24

Calculation for high weight load condition-

For 5 ton-

Dimension of the trolley –

Length – 3200mm.

Width- 1830mm

Height- 560mm

Hydraulic cylinder- 5 ton capacity, Single acting hydraulic cylinder along with high-pressure pipe with adopter fitted at end.

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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Applied external weight =5000*9.81= 49050 N =49 KN

The formula is = W * g = N

Empty trolley weight =

By standard consideration it is from 1200kg to 1300 kg

And for maximum condition here we take 1300 kg

= 1300 kg * 9.81=12753 N = 12.75 KN

Now total weight add two equation

= 49050+12753

=61803=61.80 KN

Considering factor of safety =1.2

The chassis is model No = 5 ton two wheeler

Material for the chassis manufacturing is mild steel

Capacity of trolley with 25%= 1250kg

=1250* g=12262.5

Now = 49050+12262.5=61312.5=61.31 KN

Total net weight = 7550 kg

=7550*9.81= 74KN

Load acting on one of the member

X= 37 KN

Cylinder selection –

Now total weight to lift the cylinder is 6300 kg & takes maximum 7000 kg

For that lifting we use hydraulic cylinder in actual tractor situation

For example –

1000 psi cylinder

1000*19.625=19625pounds of force

19625/2000= 9.8 tons

It is also preferable for design but the some power go for wastage.

800 psi hydraulic cylinder is also preferable.

1 psi = 6895 N/m^2

1 bar = 14.503 psi

IX. WORKING

In the proposed prototype the combination of multiaxis or 360 degree trolley system with the automatic reverses breaking system. All the parts of the system are joined in such a manner than it can prescribe the specific work. when the requirement is to dump the trolley in right direction then initially the motors starts which has given the electric supply the function of motors is to rotate the trolley up to a angle as per the requirement. When we get the perfect position of trolley we switch of the motor. Then the dumping operation starts initially DCV is applied which manually hand operated (DCV -Direct Control Valve) now when DCV gets open the air from compressor comes with the pressure and operates the pneumatics cylinder. And the air pressure applied from the downward side hence the pneumatic cylinder expands and dumping of trolley is done. This whole structure and function is for the three axis trailer system.

The second part of working is comes under the automatic technology i.e. - automatic reverse breaking system. Now when the some disturbance is created at the rear end of the trolley or in the blind spot region then at that time the back sensor or IR sensor situated at the back sensor the disturbance of obstacles and give signal to the electronic circuit. In electronic circuit certain signal created and send to the solenoid valve. As solenoid valve get instruction it gets automatically switch on. Now again the air from air compressor goes to the capillary and disk and break applied automatically. This whole process need only some parts of seconds compressor is the common part in the system to communicate and contribute with the both systems.

X. ADVANTAGES

1) It gives simplified operations

2) Installation is very easy

3) It can be used in less space

4) Accidents reduced

5) Reduce man power required

6) Improves efficiency of tractor trolley.

XI. APPLICATION

Some applications of our project are as follows - 1) Used in modern tractor

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3) Used in city construction 4) Used in military application

5) Breaking system can be used for the vehicle or car to avoid accident

6) For ship application

XII. CONCLUSION

From the project we can conclude that by using the multi axis trailer system we can save our time for unloading of materials. Also by calculations this system can be used for 5 ton capacity or for more weight also it is applicable. Also this system improves efficiency of the tractor by saving the consumption of the fuel. By using intelligent braking system it achieve safety of human life. If there is disturbance at the rear end then the tractor stops in few seconds. Hence this automation avoids the accidents & if this system installed unskilled worker can also drive tractor fearlessly. He has no fear of accident due to wrong reverse braking. So this system is easy & achieves high safety.

REFERENCES

[1] Amboji Sudhakar R., Humane Yogesh A. 2014. Design and fabrication of three way tipper mechanism. RMCET Ambav Ratnagiri India.

[2] Prof. Deshmukh S.A., Lonkar Pradip P., Bhong Tushar 2016. Three axis pneumatic modern trailer using single cylinder. University of pune.

[3] Mrs. Palak Desai, Mr. Darshan kapadia 2017. Automatic reverse breaking with blind spot detection. CG Patel Institute of technology Bardoli Surat, India

[4] Prof.A.P.Thakare, Divya Thakare 2015. Implementation of automatic reverse breaking system on FPGA.

[5] O. Kurdi, R. Abd. Rahman and M. N. Tamin. ―Stress analysis of heavy duty truck chassis using finite element method.‖ Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia.