Solar Powered Wireless Power Transmission

(1)

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2016)

192

Solar Powered Wireless Power Transmission

Sandesh N.

1

, Chithaj Mallikarjun

2

, Radha B. N.

3

1,2

Dept of EEE, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, 572103.

3_{Assistant Professor, Dept of EEE, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, 572103.} Abstract- Wireless power transmission is the process in

which transmission of electrical power from source to destination takes place without conducting cables.Nikola tesla’s theories leads to firm foundation for (WPT) in late 1900 Wireless power transmission(WPT) has a wide range of applications like charging of electric vehicles, Hybrid cars ,electronic devices etc., Solar module is used as source of input to WPT thereby enhancing solar energy, later it will be boosted to high voltage using conventional step up DC-DC chopper . The output of chopper is given to the class-E amplifier and will be converted into high frequency AC supply and this supply is fed to transmitting coils. By achieving good coupling between the transmitter and receiver coil set up, the power is transferred. Later by using bridge rectifier it will be converted into DC and given to the load. The simulation for the proposed system is verified by using P-sim software.

Keywords- DC-DC step-up chopper, Class-E amplifier, Mosfets witches, Rectifier.

I. INTRODUCTION

The process of transmitting electrical power from one place to another without any conducting cables is called wireless power transmission. By the use of this technology transmission of electrical energy to remote areas without wires is possible. Nikola tesla demonstrated transmission of electrical energy without wires in early 19th century by inventing Tesla coil,paved the way for transfer power wirelessly using radiative method[1].

Wireless power transmission for two meters of distance for 60 watt power with 60cm coil diameter was successfully done by MIT researchers team. And achieved 40% efficiency[1].

Different methods of wireless power transmission are :

Induction (Inductive Coupling):

This mode is the application of magnetic coupling which normally takes place in transformers. There are two coils Transmitting and receiving coils and power is transferred due to mutual coupling . this mode is broadly classified in to short range and mid range short range proved good efficiency and distance of transmission is limited and for mid range transmission distance is more but less efficient.

Electrical Resonance Mode:

It is advance method of inductive coupling along with resonance which proved good efficiency compared to induction mode . The mode is achieved by resonating transmitter and receiver coil for a particular frequency and power is transferred the coils itself acts as inductors and by just attaching capacitance plate resonance can be achieved we can use solenoid with capacitor plates placed closely.

Radio Waving and Microwaving

To overcome the drawbacks of induction mode and electrical resonance mode of wireless power transmission and to achieve over a long distance transmission YAGI inventor from JAPAN developed YAGI ANTENNA which is directional array antenna used to transmit power using Radio wave

It is further improved by power beaming by using Micro wave .In which DC power is converted into microwaves by RECTENNA at the transmitting end and using same antenna at receving end Microwave is converted into electrical power. Rectanna is most suitable to receive beam of energy from solar panels which are in geocentric orbit and necessary precautions are taken to prevent harm to mankind and environment. Rectenna is a array of dipole consisting of positive and negative poles connect to semiconductor diodes .The antenna proved to be efficient upto 95% .

Fig1.shows the block diagram of wireless power transmission system model[1]

(2)

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2016)

193

II. SOLAR MODULE OUTPUT

Open circuit voltage is taken as 15V in function solar module and short circuit current is taken as 5 amps output is shown in fig 3

Fig2

Fig3 output of solar module

III. DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The system has following assumptions 1.All the components are assumed to be ideal.

2.The ON state resistance and the parasitic capacitance of the switches are neglected.

3.The voltage drops across the diodes are neglected. 4.The capacitors are assumed to have a very large

value.

IV. DC-DCSTEP-UP CHOPPER

The converter can be used to step up a dc voltage and the modes of operations are given below:

Mode 1: When the switch is closed for time t1 the inductor current raises and energy is stored in inductor

Mode 2: when the switch is opened for time t2 the energy stored in the inductor is transferred to the load through diode D1 and inductor current falls.

Design Of Step Up Chopper

We have chosen,

P=75 w,V=75v,F=100kHz I=(P/V)=1A

R=(V/I)=75ohms T=(1/F)=(1*10^-5) sec

Ton=(Vo/(Vo+Vin))*T =8.33µs Toff=T-Ton=1.66µs

[image:2.612.330.555.383.699.2]

Duty cycle is obtained to be D=0.833 Current limiting inductor is chosen as 10mH Output capacitor is chosen as 1µF.

Fig 4: Circuit diagram of DC-DC converter

(3)

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

194

V. CLASS-EAMPLIFIER

The main criterion for achieving wireless power transmission is generation of alternating signals in the transmitter. Often power amplifiers are used to generate these alternating signals, but there is a large power loss associated with power amplifier for wireless power transmission. Et al Sokal in [3] proposed a class E power amplifier which can achieve efficiency up to 100% with higher output power and reduced heat sink requirements.

The second stage is the class E amplifier which receives the dc input from the high step-up converter and converts to high frequency ac. The class E amplifier is a highly efficient switch mode resonant converter. The high efficiency results from the reduced power losses in the Mosfet. The higher efficiency of the switch can be achieved by:

I. Using the Mosfetas a switch to reduce the power II. Reducing the switching losses which result from finite transition time between ON and OFF states of theMosfet[3].

Design Of Class-E Amplifier

Vcc=75 SF=0.8

Therefore Bvce(breakdown voltage)=333.75, hence MOSFET is chosen as switch

QL is quality load factor. For 50% duty cycle it is fixed as 1.7879 and for 65% duty cycle it will be around 2.32427.

And output power is taken as 5 w RL=475 ohms

f=100KHZ , RL=475ohm , QL=2.32427

C1=((7.388*10^-10) +(0.6)/((2*3.14*100*1000)^2*L)

By choosing C1=(7.388*10^-10) L1 is found to be 102.843mH

Substituting the value of L1 in equation of C1, Shunt capacitance c1 is found to be 0.7391nF

By substituting corresponding values of f0, QL, L1 C2 found to be 4.36729nF

L2=1.75711mH

Fig6. Circuit diagram of CLASS-E amplifier

Modes of Operation

The two switching stages of the switch S1 which is ON for a half cycle and off for another half cycle. The switch S1 is turned ON at zero drain voltage and zero drain current to reduce the switching losses when the Mosfetis turned ON.

(4)

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

195

Sub-Optimum Operation Mode: Class E amplifier can be operated in a sub-optimum operation mode, where the capacitor C4connected across the switch S1 is discharged to zero before turning ON the switch S1 by proper gate signals. In this case the drain voltage becomes negative and the antiparallel.

[image:4.612.336.555.134.439.2]

Diode of the switch S1 conducts only the negative current and maintains the drain voltage close to zero before the switch S1 is turned ON, thus reducing the switching losses.

Fig.7 Output of CLASS-E amplifier

VI. FINAL RESULTS

[image:4.612.49.295.253.439.2]

The proposed wireless power transmission circuit and its output wave forms using p-sim software

Fig. 8 Simulated Circuit

The output current obtained is 55mA

Fig.9 The output current

Fig.10 The output voltage of the proposed system

VII. CONCLUSION

The proposed wireless power transmission which uses solar as input which enhances the usage of renewable energy, the input is 15Vand DC-DC step up chopper which boost it to 75V and the CLASS-E amplifier which is designed for 5W and the output is obtained at the load is 3.025W at the voltage of 55V and 55mA of current .

REFFERENCES

[1] Wireless Power Transmission using Class E PowerAmplifier from Solar Input

[2] Qiangwang and Hong Li, “Research on the wireless power transmissionsystem based on coupled magnetic resonances”, IEEE InternationalConference 2011.

[image:4.612.60.279.493.629.2]

(5)

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

196

[4] Kuo-Ching Tseng, Chi-Chih Huang, and Wei-Yuan Shih, “A High

Step-Up converter with a Voltage Multiplier Module for a Photovoltaic System”. IEEE transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 6, June2013

[5] JuliuszModzelewski and MirosławMikołajewski,” High-FrequencyPower Amplitude Modulators with Class-E Tuned Amplifiers”, Journalof Telecommunications and Information Technology April 2008.

[6] W. Chen, R. A. Chinga, S. Yoshida, J. Lin, C. Chen1 and W. Lo, “A25.6 W 13.56 MHz Wireless Power Transfer System with a 94%Efficiency GaN Class-E Power Amplifier”, Microwave SymposiumDigest (MTT), 2012 IEEE MTT-S International. [7] M.Karthika and Dr. C.Venkatesh,”Witricity: A Power

TransmissionMethod for WSN”, International Journal for Technological Research inEngineeing, Volume 1, issue 10, june-2014.