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Volume 2010, Article ID 869684,14pages doi:10.1155/2010/869684

Research Article

Modified Block Iterative Algorithm for Solving

Convex Feasibility Problems in Banach Spaces

Shih-sen Chang,

1

Jong Kyu Kim,

2

and Xiong Rui Wang

1

1Department of Mathematics, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644007, China

2Department of Mathematics Education, Kyungnam University Masan, Kyungnam 631-701, South Korea

Correspondence should be addressed to Jong Kyu Kim,[email protected]

Received 20 October 2009; Accepted 28 December 2009

Academic Editor: Yeol J. E. Cho

Copyrightq2010 Shih-sen Chang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The purpose of this paper is to use the modified block iterative method to propose an algorithm for solving the convex feasibility problems for an infinite family of quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Under suitable conditions some strong convergence theorems are established in uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach spaces withKadec-Klee property. The results presented in the paper improve and extend some recent results.

1. Introduction

The problem of finding a point in the intersection of closed and convex subsets{Ci}mi1of a

Banach space is a frequently appearing problem in diverse areas of mathematics and physical sciences. This problem is commonly referred to as theconvex feasibility problemCFP. There is a considerable investigation on CFPin the framework of Hilbert spaces which captures applications in various disciplines such as image restoration, computer tomograph, and radiation therapy treatment planning1. The advantage of a Hilbert spaceH is that the projectionPC onto a closed convex subsetCof H is nonexpansive. So projection methods

have dominated in the iterative approaches toCFPin Hilbert space. In 1993, Kitahara and Takahashi2 deal with the convex feasibility problem by convex combinations of sunny nonexpansive retractions in uniformly convex Banach spacesee also, O’Hara et al.3and Chang et al. 4. It is known that if C is a nonempty closed convex subset of a smooth, reflexive, and strictly convex Banach space E, then the generalized projection ΠC from E

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Tan 7, Wattanawitoon and Kumam 8, Li and Su 9, and Takahashi and Zembayashi

10 extend the notion from relatively nonexpansive mappings or quasi-φ-nonexpansive mappings to quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and also prove some weak and strong convergence theorems to approximate a common fixed point of finite or infinite family of quasi-φ-nonexpansive mappings or quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings.

It should be noted that theblock iterative algorithmis a method which often used by many authors to solve the convex feasibility problem see, e.g., Kikkawa and Takahashi

11, Aleyner and Reich12. Recently, some authors by using the block iterative scheme to establish strong convergence theorems for a finite family of relativity nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert space or finite-dimensional Banach space see, e.g., Aleyner and Reich 12, Plubtieng and Ungchittrakool13,14or uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach spacessee, e.g., Sahu et al.15and Ceng et al.16–18.

Motivated and inspired by these facts, the purpose of this paper is to use the modified block iterative method to propose an iterative algorithm for solving the convex feasibility

problems for an infinite family of quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive. Under suitable

conditions some strong convergence theorems are established in a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space with Kadec-Klee property. The results presented in the paper improve and extend the corresponding results in Aleyner and Reich 12, Plubtieng and Ungchittrakool13,14, and Chang et al.19.

2. Preliminaries

Throughout this paper we assume thatEis a real Banach space with the dualE∗andJ:E → 2E∗is thenormalized duality mappingdefined by

Jx fE:x, fx2f∗2, xE.

2.1

In the sequel, we useFTto denote the set of fixed points of a mappingT,and useRandR to denote the set of all real numbers and the set of all nonnegative real numbers, respectively. We also denote byxnxandxn xthe strong convergence and weak convergence of a

sequence{xn},respectively.

A Banach spaceEis said to bestrictly convexifxy/2 <1 for allx, yU {z ∈

E:z1}withx /y.Eis said to beuniformly convexif, for each∈0,2, there existsδ >0 such thatxy/2≤1−δfor allx, yUwithx−y ≥. Eis said to besmoothif the limit

lim

t→0

xtyx

t 2.2

exists for allx, yU.Eis said to beuniformly smooth if the above limit exists uniformly in

x, yU.

Remark 2.1. The following basic properties can be found in Cioranescu20.

iIfEis a uniformly smooth Banach space, thenJ is uniformly continuous on each bounded subset ofE.

ii IfEis a reflexive and strictly convex Banach space, thenJ−1 is hemicontinuous,

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iiiIfEis a smooth, strictly convex, and reflexive Banach space, then the normalized duality mappingJ:E → 2E∗is single-valued, one-to-one, and onto.

ivA Banach spaceEis uniformly smooth if and only ifE∗is uniformly convex.

vEach uniformly convex Banach spaceEhas theKadec-Klee property, that is, for any sequence{xn} ⊂E,ifxn xEandxn → x,thenxnx.

Next we assume thatEis a smooth, strictly convex, and reflexive Banach space and

Cis a nonempty closed convex subset ofE. In the sequel we always useφ:E×E → R to denote the Lyapunov functional defined by

φx, yx22x, Jyy2, ∀x, yE. 2.3

It is obvious from the definition ofφthat

x −y2 φx, yxy2, ∀x, yE. 2.4

Following Alber21, thegeneralized projectionΠC :ECis defined by

ΠCx inf y∈Cφ

y, x, ∀x∈E. 2.5

Lemma 2.2 see 21. Let E be a smooth, strictly convex, and reflexive Banach space and C a nonempty closed convex subset ofE. Then the following conclusions hold:

aφx,ΠCy φΠCy, yφx, yfor allxCandyE; bifxEandzC, then

z ΠCx⇐⇒zy, JxJz≥0, ∀y∈C, 2.6

cforx, yE,φx, y 0if and only ifxy.

Remark 2.3. If E is a real Hilbert space H, then φx, y x−y2 and ΠC is the metric

projectionPCofHontoC.

LetEbe a smooth, strictly convex, and reflexive Banach space,Ca nonempty closed convex subset ofE,T :CCa mapping, andFTthe set of fixed points ofT. A pointpC is said to be anasymptotic fixed pointofT if there exists a sequence{xn} ⊂Csuch thatxn p

andxnTxn → 0.We denoted the set of all asymptotic fixed points ofTbyFT.

Definition 2.4. 1A mappingT :CCis said to berelatively nonexpansive5ifFT/∅,

FT FT, and

φp, Txφp, x, ∀x∈C, pFT. 2.7

2A mappingT :CCis said to beclosedif for any sequence{xn} ⊂Cwithxnx

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Definition 2.5. 1A mappingT :CCis said to bequasi-φ-nonexpansiveifFT/∅and

φp, Txφp, x, ∀x∈C, pFT. 2.8

2A mappingT : CCis is said to bequasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive7, if

FT/∅and there exists a real sequence{kn} ⊂1,∞withkn → 1 such that

φp, Tnxk

nφp, x, ∀n≥1, xC, pFT. 2.9

Remark 2.6. 1 From the definition, it is easy to know that each relatively nonexpansive

mapping is closed.

2The class of quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings contains properly the class of quasi-φ-nonexpansive mappings as a subclass and the class of quasi-φ-nonexpansive mappings contains properly the class of relatively nonexpansive mappings as a subclass, but the converse may be not true.

Next, we give some examples which are closed and quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpan-sive mappings.

Example 2.7see7. LetEbe a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space andA

E×Ea maximal monotone mapping such thatA−10the set of zero points ofAis nonempty.

Then the mappingJr JrA−1Jis closed and quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive from EontoDAandFJr A−10.

Example 2.8. Let ΠC be the generalized projection from a smooth, strictly convex and

reflexive Banach spaceEonto a nonempty closed convex subsetCE. ThenΠC is relative

nonexpansive, which in turn is a closed and quasi-φ-nonexpansive mapping, and so it is a closed and quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive mapping.

Lemma 2.9see13,22. LetEbe a uniformly convex Banach space,r >0be a positive number and

Br0be a closed ball ofE. Then, for any given subset{x1, x2, . . . , xN} ⊂Br0and for any positive

numbersλ1, λ2, . . . , λN with

N

n1λn 1, there exists a continuous, strictly increasing, and convex functiong:0,2r → 0,withg0 0such that, for anyi, j∈ {1,2, . . . , N}withi < j,

N

n1

λnxn

2

N n1

λnxn2−λiλjgxixj. 2.10

Lemma 2.10. Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space, r > 0 a positive number andBr0 a

closed ball ofE. Then, for any given sequence{xi}∞i1 ⊂ Br0and for any given sequencei}∞i1of positive numbers withn1λn1,there exists a continuous, strictly increasing, and convex function g:0,2r → 0,withg0 0such that for any positive integersi, jwithi < j,

n1

λnxn

2

≤∞ n1

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Proof. Since{xi}∞i1⊂Br0andλi>0 for alli≥1 with

n1λn1, we have

i1

λixi

i1

λixir. 2.12

Hence, for any given >0 and any given positive integersi, jwithi < j,it follows from2.12

that there exists a positive integerN > jsuch that∞iN1λixi.LettingσNNi1λi, by

Lemma 2.9, we have

i1

λixi

2 σN N

i1

λixi σN

iN1

λixi

2 ≤ σN N

i1

λixi σN

iN1

λixi

2

σ2

N N

i1

λixi σN

2

22σ

N N

i1

λixi σN

σ2

N N

i1

λi σNxi

2λ

iλjgxixj

2σN

N

i1

λixi σN

N i1

λixi2−λiλjgxixj

2

N

i1

λixi

≤∞ i1

λixi2−λiλjgxixj

2

N

i1

λixi

. 2.13

Since >0 is arbitrary, the conclusion ofLemma 2.10is proved.

Lemma 2.11. LetEbe a real uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space with Kadec-Klee

property, andC a nonempty closed convex subset ofE. LetT : CC be a closed and quasi-φ

-asymptotically nonexpansive mapping with a sequence {kn} ⊂ 1,, kn → 1. ThenFT is a

closed convex subset ofC.

Proof. Letting{pn}be a sequence inFTwithpnpasn → ∞, we prove thatpFT.

In fact, from the definition ofT,we have

φpn, Tpk1φ

pn, p−→0 as n−→ ∞. 2.14

Therefore we have

lim

n→ ∞φ

pn, Tpn→ ∞limpn2−2pn, JTpTp

p2

2p, JTpTpφp, Tp0, 2.15

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Next we prove thatFTis convex. For anyp, qFT, t∈0,1, puttingwtp 1−

tq,we prove thatwFT.Indeed, in view of the definition ofφx, ywe have

φw, Tnw w22w, JTnwTnw2

w22tp, JTnw21tq, JTnwTnw2

w2p, Tnw 1tφq, Tnwtp2

1−tq2

w2tk

nφp, w 1−tknφq, wtp2−1−tq2 kn−1

tp2

1−tq2− w2.

2.16

Sincekn → 1, we haveφw, Tnw → 0asn → ∞. From2.4we haveTnw → w.

ConsequentlyJTnw → Jw.This implies that{JTnw}is a bounded sequence. SinceEis reflexive,E∗is also reflexive. So we can assume that

JTnw f

0∈E. 2.17

Again sinceEis reflexive, we haveJE E∗. Therefore there existsxEsuch thatJxf0.

By virtue of the weakly lower semicontinuity of norm · ,we have

0lim inf

n→ ∞ φw, T

nw lim inf n→ ∞

w22w, JTnwTnw2

lim inf

n→ ∞

w22w, JTnwJTnw2

w22w, f

0f02

w22w, JxJx2

w22w, Jxx2 φw, x,

2.18

that is,w xwhich implies that f0 Jw. Thus from2.17 we haveJTnw JwE.

SinceJTnw → JwandE∗ has the Kadec-Klee property, we haveJTnwJw. Since

Eis uniformly smooth and strictly convex, byRemark 2.1iiit yields thatJ−1 : E Eis

hemi-continuous. ThereforeTnw w. Again sinceTnw → w,by using the Kadec-Klee property ofE, we haveTnww. This implies thatTTnw Tn1w w. SinceTis closed,

we havewTw. This completes the proof ofLemma 2.11.

3. Main Results

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Definition 3.1. 1Let{Si}∞i1:CCbe a sequence of mappings.{Si}∞i1is said to bea family of uniformly quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, if∞n1FSn/∅,and there exists a

sequence{kn} ⊂1,∞withkn → 1 such that for eachi≥1

φp, Sn ix

knφp, x, ∀p∈ ∞

n1

FSn, xC, ∀n≥1. 3.1

2A mappingS:CCis said to beuniformlyL-Lipschitz continuous, if there exists a constantL >0 such that

SnxSnyLxy, ∀x, yC. 3.2

Theorem 3.2. LetEbe a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space with Kleac-Klee property andCa nonempty closed convex subsets ofE. Let{Si}∞i1:CCbe an infinite family of closed and uniformly quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with a sequence{kn}⊂1,andkn→1.

Suppose that for eachi≥1, Si is uniformlyLi-Lipschitz continuous and thatF: ∞n1FSiis a nonempty and bounded subset inC.Let{xn}be the sequence generated by

x0∈Cchosen arbitrary, C0C,

ynJ−1

αn,0Jxn

i1

αn,iJSnixn

,

Cn1

vCn:φv, ynφv, xn ξn, xn1 ΠCn1x0, ∀n≥0,

3.3

whereξnsupu∈Fkn−1φu, xn,ΠCn1is the generalized projection ofEonto the setCn1and for eachi≥0,n,i}is a sequence in0,1satisfying the following conditions:

a∞i0αn,i1for alln≥0;

blim infn→ ∞αn,αn,i>0for alli≥1.

Then{xn}converges strongly toΠFx0.

Proof. We divide the proof ofTheorem 3.2into five steps.

Step 1. We first prove thatFandCnboth are closed and convex subset ofCfor alln≥0.

In fact, It follows fromLemma 2.11thatFSi, i≥1,is closed and convex. Therefore Fis a closed and convex subset inC. Furthermore, it is obvious thatC0 Cis closed and

convex. Suppose thatCnis closed and convex for somen≥1. Since the inequalityφv, ynφv, xn ξnis equivalent to

2v, JxnJynxn2−yn2ξn, 3.4

therefore, we have

Cn1

vCn : 2v, JxnJynxn2−yn2ξn

. 3.5

This implies thatCn1 is closed and convex. The desired conclusions are proved. These in

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Step 2. We prove that{xn}is a bounded sequence inC.

By the definition ofCn, we havexn ΠCnx0for alln≥0.It follows fromLemma 2.2a

that

φxn, x0 φΠCnx0, x0≤φu, x0−φu,ΠCnx0

φu, x0, ∀n≥0, u∈ F.

3.6

This implies that{φxn, x0}is bounded. By virtue of2.4,{xn}is bounded. Denote

Msup

n≥0

{xn}<∞. 3.7

Step 3. Next, we prove thatF:∞i1FSiCnfor alln≥0.

It is obvious thatF ⊂C0C.Suppose thatF ⊂Cnfor somen≥0. SinceEis uniformly

smooth,E∗is uniformly convex. For any givenu∈ F ⊂Cnand for any positive integerj >0,

fromLemma 2.10we have

φu, ynφ

u, J−1

αn,0Jxn

i1

αn,iJSnixn

u22α

n,0u, Jxn −2 ∞

i1

αn,iu, JSnixn

αn,0Jxn

i1

αn,iJSnixn

2

u22α

n,0u, Jxn −2

i1

αn,iu, JSnixnαn,0Jxn2

i1

αn,iJSnixn2−αn,0αn,jgJxnJSnjxn

by Lemma 2.10

u22α

n,0u, Jxn −2 ∞

i1

αn,iu, JSnixnαn,0xn2

i1

αn,iSnixn2−αn,0αn,jgJxnJSnjxn

αn,0φu, xn

i1

αn,iφu, Snixnαn,0αn,jgJxnJSnjxn

αn,0φu, xn

i1

αn,iknφu, xnαn,0αn,jgJxnJSnjxn

knφu, xnαn,0αn,jgJxnJSnjxn

φu, xn sup

u∈Fkn−1φu, xnαn,0αn,jg

Jx

nJSnjxn

φu, xn ξnαn,0αn,jgJxnJSnjxn

∀u∈ F.

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HenceuCn1and soF ⊂Cnfor alln≥0. By the way, from the definition of{ξn},2.4, and 3.7, it is easy to see that

ξnsup

u∈Fkn−1φu, xn≤supu∈Fkn−1uM

2−→0 asn−→ ∞.

3.9

Step 4. Now, we prove that{xn}converges strongly to some pointp∈ F:∞i1FSi.

In fact, since{xn} is bounded inCandEis reflexive, we may assume that xn p.

Again sinceCnis closed and convex for eachn≥1, it is easy to see thatpCnfor eachn≥0.

Sincexn ΠCnx0, from the definition ofΠCn, we have

φxn, x0≤φ

p, x0

, ∀n≥0. 3.10

Since

lim inf

n→ ∞ φxn, x0 lim infn→ ∞

xn2−2xn, Jx0x02

p2

2p, Jx0

x02φ

p, x0

, 3.11

we have

φp, x0

≤lim inf

n→ ∞ φxn, x0≤lim supn→ ∞ φxn, x0≤φ

p, x0

. 3.12

This implies that limn→ ∞φxn, x0 φp, x0,that is,xn → p.In view of the Kadec-Klee

property ofE, we obtain that

lim

n→ ∞xnp. 3.13

Now we prove thatp∈∞i1FSi.In fact, by the construction ofCn,we have thatCn1 ⊂Cn

andxn1 ΠCn1x0∈Cn.Therefore byLemma 2.2awe have

φxn1, xn φxn1,ΠCnx0

φxn1, x0−φΠCnx0, x0

φxn1, x0−φxn, x0−→0 as n−→ ∞.

3.14

In view ofxn1∈Cn1and note the construction ofCn1we obtain that

φxn1, ynφxn1, xn ξn−→0 as n−→ ∞. 3.15

From2.4it yieldsxn1 − yn2 → 0.Sincexn1 → p,we have

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Hence we have

Jyn−→Jp as n−→ ∞. 3.17

This implies that{Jyn}is bounded inE.SinceEis reflexive, and soE∗ is reflexive, we can

assume thatJyn f0 ∈E.In view of the reflexive ofE,we see thatJE E∗. Hence there

existsxEsuch thatJxf0. Since

φxn1, yn

xn12−2xn1, Jynyn2

xn12−2

xn1, JynJyn2.

3.18

Taking lim infn→ ∞ on the both sides of equality above and in view of the weak lower semicontinuity of norm · ,it yields that

0≥p2−2p, f0f02p2−2p, JxJx2

p2

2p, Jxx2φp, x,

3.19

that is,px.This implies thatf0Jp,and soJyn Jp. It follows from3.17and the

Kadec-Klee property ofE∗thatJynJpasn → ∞. Note thatJ−1:E∗ → Eis hemi-continuous,

it yields thatyn p.It follows from3.16and the Kadec-Klee property ofEthat

lim

n→ ∞ynp. 3.20

From3.13and3.20we have that

xnyn−→0 as n−→ ∞. 3.21

SinceJis uniformly continuous on any bounded subset ofE, we have

JxnJyn−→0 as n−→ ∞. 3.22

For anyj ≥1 and anyu∈ F, it follows from3.8,3.13, and3.20that

αn,0αn,jgJxnJSnjxn

φu, xnφu, ynξn−→0 as n−→ ∞. 3.23

In view of conditionblim infn→ ∞αn,0αn,j >0, we see that

gJxnJSnjxn

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It follows from the property ofgthat

JxnJSnjxn−→0 as n−→ ∞. 3.25

SincexnpandJis uniformly continuous, it yieadsJxnJp.Hence from3.25we have

JSn

jxn−→Jp as n−→ ∞. 3.26

SinceJ−1:E Eis hemi-continuous, it follows that

Sn

jxn p, for each j ≥1. 3.27

On the other hand, for eachj≥ 1 we have

Sn

jxnpJ

Sn

jxnJpJ

Sn jxn

Jp−→0 as n−→ ∞. 3.28

This together with3.27shows that

Sn

jxnp for eachj≥1. 3.29

Furthermore, by the assumption that for eachj ≥1,Sjis uniformlyLi-Lipschitz continuous,

hence we have

Sn1

j xnSnjxnSnj1xnSnj1xn1Sjn1xn1−xn1xn1−xnxnSnjxnLj1xn1−xnSnj1xn1−xn1xnSnjxn.

3.30

This together with3.13and3.29, yieldsSnj1xnSnjxn → 0 as n → ∞. Hence from 3.29we haveSn1

j xnp, that is,SjSnxnp. In view of3.29and the closeness ofSj, it

yields thatSjpp,for allj≥1. This implies thatp∈∞i1FSj.

Step 5. Finally we prove thatxnp ΠFx0.

Letw ΠFx0. Sincew∈ F ⊂Cnandxn ΠCnx0, we have

φxn, x0≤φw, x0, ∀n≥0. 3.31

This implies that

φp, x0

lim

n→ ∞φxn, x0≤φw, x0. 3.32

In view of the definition ofΠFx0, from3.32we havep w. Therefore,xnp ΠFx0.

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The following theorem can be obtained fromTheorem 3.2immediately.

Theorem 3.3. Let E be a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space with Kadec-Klee property ,Ca nonempty closed convex subset of E. Let{Si}∞i1 : CCbe an infinite family of closed and quasi-φ-nonexpansive mappings. Suppose thatF :n1FSiis a nonempty subset in C. Let{xn}be the sequence generated by

x0∈Cchosen arbitrary, C0 C,

ynJ−1

αn,0Jxn

i1

αn,iJSixn

,

Cn1

vCn:φv, ynφv, xn, xn1 ΠCn1x0, ∀n≥0,

3.33

wheren,i},for eachi≥0, is a sequence in0,1satisfying the following conditions:

a∞i0αn,i1for alln≥0;

blim infn→ ∞αn,αn,i>0for alli≥1.

Then{xn}converges strongly toΠFx0.

Proof. Since{Si}∞i1:CCis an infinite family of closed quasi-φ-nonexpansive mappings, it

is an infinite family of closed and uniformly quasi-φ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with sequence {kn 1}. Hence ξn supu∈Fkn−1φu, xn 0. Therefore the conditions

appearing inTheorem 3.2: “Fis a bounded subset inC” and “for eachi≥1,Siis uniformly Li-Lipschitz continuous” are of no use here. In fact, by the same methods as given in the

proofs of3.13,3.20and 3.29, we can prove thatxnp,ynpand Sjxnpas n → ∞for eachj ≥1. By virtue of the closeness of mappingSjfor eachj ≥1, it yields that pFSjfor eachj ≥ 1, that is,p ∈ ∞i1FSi. Therefore all conditions inTheorem 3.2are

satisfied. The conclusion ofTheorem 3.3is obtained fromTheorem 3.2immediately.

Remark 3.4. Theorems3.2and3.3improve and extend the corresponding results in Aleyner

and Reich12, Plubtieng and Ungchittrakool13,14and Chang et al.19in the following aspects.

aFor the framework of spaces, we extend the space from a uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach space to a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space with the Kadec-Klee property note that each uniformly convex Banach space must have the Kadec-Klee property.

b For the mappings, we extend the mappings from nonexpansive mappings, relatively nonexpansive mappings or quasi-φ-nonexpansive mapping to an infinite family of quasi-φ-asymptotically mappings;

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yibin Universityno. 2009Z3 and the Kyungnam University Research Fund 2009.

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References

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