VICTIMOLOGY

(1)

Presented

by

Jouie L. Donato Jouie L. Donato

(2)



a

specific and respectable academic and

scientific discipline, a new branch in the

scientific study of the victim



victimology is, simply, the scientific

knowledge of the victim

(3)

Andzenge:



Victimology is a PERCEPTION

Ben-David

The Victim's Victimology

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OLD PARADIGM:

Addresses the Victims’ RIGHTS

NEW PARADIGM:

Addresses the Victims’ NEEDS

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PENAL VICTIMOLOGY

1941: HANS von HENTIG

The Criminal-Victim

Dyad

-created a toxonomy that

described how victims

were responsible for

their harms.

1. The Young 1. The Young 2. The Female 2. The Female 3. The Old 3. The Old

4. The Mentally Defective and

Deranged Deranged 5. The Immigrants 5. The Immigrants 6. The Minorities 6. The Minorities

7. The Dull Normals

8. The Depressed 8. The Depressed 9. The Acquisitive 9. The Acquisitive 10. Wanton 10. Wanton

11. The Lonesome and the

Heartbroken

12. The Tormentor

13. The Blocked, Exempted, or

Fighting

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1947: BENJAMIN

MENDELSOHN

The Penal Couple

- A toxonomy centered

on the relative guilt

of victims

1. The completely innocent

victim.

2. The victim with minor guilt.

3. The victim who is as guilty as

the offender.

4. The victim who is more guilty

than the offender.

5. The most guilty victim.

6. The imaginary victim.

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1989:David Miers

POSITIVIST

VICTIMOLOG

Y

--

non-random pattern victimization of crime

1989: Sandra Walklate

CONVENTIONAL VICTIMOLOGY

- Ordinary criminal Act

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1990: KARMEN

CONSERVATIVE VICTIMOLOGY

--

CJS as guarantor of justice

Nagel

INTERACTIONIST VICTIMOLOGY

- victim-offender relationship

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MODERN VICTIMOLOGY

1956: MENDELSOHN

"

victimity

“ or victimization

- proposed establishing

victim clinics which would

provide victim assistance

based on a specific theory of

personal, social and cultural

rehabilitation.

1. criminal 1. criminal victimization, victimization, 2. self-victimization, 2. self-victimization, 3. social environmental 3. social environmental victimization, victimization, 4. technological 4. technological victimization, and victimization, and 5. natural disaster 5. natural disaster victimization. victimization.

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SUBJECTS:

not only the victims of crime and power

abuse but also the victims of accidents,

natural disasters and other "acts of God“

INFLUENCES:

Victim’s Movement; Clinical Studies

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1.

Minor victims ignores personal

responsibility.

2.

Penal Victimologists helps balance the

exaggeration.

3.

Cressey’s

Humanistic vs Academic

Approach

4.

Elias’s objective scientific research

5.

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PENAL

Interactionist

victimology

GENERAL GENERAL VICTIMOLOGY VICTIMOLOGY Assistance-Oriented Oriented Victimology Victimology Area of Interest

Area of Interest _{It is defined by criminal}_{It is defined by criminal}

law; law;

defines victimology as defines victimology as the study of the victims the study of the victims of illegal criminal acts, of illegal criminal acts, which are incriminated which are incriminated in accordance with the in accordance with the criminal law provisions. criminal law provisions.

Clinical Studies; Clinical Studies; It aims to provide It aims to provide victim assistance victim assistance based on a specific based on a specific theory of personal, theory of personal, social and cultural social and cultural rehabilitation.

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PENAL

VICTIMOLOGY

GENERAL

VICTIMOLOGY

Subject of Subject of Research

Research correlates the data oncorrelates the data on

the causes of a crime the causes of a crime with the data on to the with the data on to the

victim's role in victim's role in

generating the crime generating the crime

Should be not only Should be not only the victims of crime the victims of crime and power abuse and power abuse

but also the victims but also the victims

of accidents, of accidents,

natural disasters natural disasters and other "acts of and other "acts of

God" God"

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PENAL

VICTIMOLOGY

GENERAL

VICTIMOLOGY

Focus

Focus _{Penal victimology}_{Penal victimology}

looks into the looks into the dynamics of the dynamics of the victim-offender victim-offender interaction. interaction.

Analysis on the genesis Analysis on the genesis of victimization of victimization Provide assistance Provide assistance or treatment rather or treatment rather than to analyze the than to analyze the

genesis of genesis of

victimization. victimization.

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PENAL

VICTIMOLOGY

GENERAL

VICTIMOLOGY

Principle

Principle _{Victims must not be}_{Victims must not be}

studied in purely studied in purely medical terms. medical terms. Criminal Victimization Criminal Victimization is not a clinical is not a clinical phenomenon. phenomenon. Victimology should Victimology should not be aimed at not be aimed at studying and studying and interpreting the interpreting the victims but at victims but at helping them. helping them.

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PENAL

VICTIMOLOGY

GENERAL

VICTIMOLOGY

Principle

Principle The key to a betterThe key to a better

understanding of the problems understanding of the problems is the recognition that they

is the recognition that they

have been wronged by another have been wronged by another human being and that their human being and that their shattered sense of justice must shattered sense of justice must be repaired. Victims must not be repaired. Victims must not only be given therapeutic help, only be given therapeutic help, they must also be rendered they must also be rendered justice.

justice.

It seeks to focus on the It seeks to focus on the treatment of victims, treatment of victims, prevent future

prevent future

victimization and help victimization and help victims deal with (or victims deal with (or

reduce) the consequences reduce) the consequences experienced from their experienced from their victimization, without victimization, without regard to the actual cause regard to the actual cause of that victimization.

of that victimization. Victims of wars, natural Victims of wars, natural disasters and accidents disasters and accidents would fall into this would fall into this generalized category. generalized category.

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(As institutionalized by the World Society of Victimology) (As institutionalized by the World Society of Victimology)