Society!2

(1)

Society!

By:

(2)

(3)

W

_{hat is society?}

W

_{hat is society?}

y

Social structure ² organized patterns,

Social structure ²

organized patterns,

arrangements and interactions between

groups who comprise various

groups who comprise various social

social

institutions.

y

Social institutions ²

Social institutions ² e.g

e.g

religion, the

economy, politics, education, and health

(4)

(5)

R

eligion

R

(6)

(7)

E

_ducation

E

(8)

(9)

F

_amily

F

(10)

(11)

W

_{hat do the}

FF

_{unctionalists}

_{unctionalists believ}

_believ

_e?

W

_{hat do the}

FF

_{unctionalists}

_{unctionalists believ}

_believ

_e?

y

y FFunctionalist views social structure as working in such aunctionalist views social structure as working in such a

way to ensure peace and stability. way to ensure peace and stability.

y

y Structures Structures and interactions make certain and interactions make certain that thethat the

collective will of members is satisfied. collective will of members is satisfied.

y

y Undesirable behaviors are discouraged through socialUndesirable behaviors are discouraged through social

structures such as laws, norms, rules, roles, values and structures such as laws, norms, rules, roles, values and sanctions.

sanctions.

y

(12)

(13)

W

_{hat is Marxism}

W

(14)

(15)

W

_{hat do t}

_{he Marxists}

_believ

_e?

W

_{hat do t}

_{he Marxists}

_believ

_e?

y

Marxist sociologists also understand

society in terms of

society in terms of its social structure

its social structure

but do not hold

but do not hold the harmonious views.

the harmonious views.

y

They say that the structures in capitalist

societies are enabling for the wealthy and

coercive for poorer groups. Gross

inequalities occur and they do not have

the power to change societal

arrangements.

(16)

(17)

R

_eligion

R

_{eligion -}

_-

F

_unctionalism

y

y SociologistSociologist EEmile Durkheim believmile Durkheim believed that socialed that social life is impossible without social shared values. life is impossible without social shared values.

y

y In their absence, there would be no social order,In their absence, there would be no social order, social control, social solidarity or cooperation. social control, social solidarity or cooperation.

y

y In short, In short, there would there would be no be no societysociety..

y

y RReligion reinforeligion reinforces the ces the collective conscience.collective conscience.

y

y Integration of society is strengthened throughIntegration of society is strengthened through worship

(18)

(19)

R

_eligion

R

_{eligion -}

_-

_Marxism

_M

_a

_r

_x

_i

_s

_m

y

y ´´RReligion is the sigh of the oppressedeligion is the sigh of the oppressed

creature, the sentiment of a heartless world creature, the sentiment of a heartless world and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.µ (Karl Marx)

opium of the people.µ (Karl Marx)

y

y To Marx, religion is an illusion which easesTo Marx, religion is an illusion which eases the pain produced by exploitation and

the pain produced by exploitation and

oppression. It is a series of myths that justify oppression. It is a series of myths that justify and legitimate the subordination of the

and legitimate the subordination of the subject class and the domination and subject class and the domination and privilege of the ruling class.

(20)

(21)

y

y PPromisromises a parades a paradise of eternal blissise of eternal bliss

y

y Some religions make a virtue Some religions make a virtue of the sufferingof the suffering

produced by oppression. produced by oppression. y

y RReligion can offer hope of eligion can offer hope of supernatural interventionsupernatural intervention

to solve the problems on earth. to solve the problems on earth. y

y RReligion justifies social ordereligion justifies social order

y

y By making unsatisfactory lives By making unsatisfactory lives bearable, bearable, religion tendsreligion tends

to discourage people to change their

(22)

(23)

E

_ducation

E

_{ducation -}

_-

F

_unctionalism

y

y FFunctionalist vieunctionalist view of w of education tends toeducation tends to focus on the

focus on the positivpositive contributionse contributions educations mak

educations makes to thes to the maintenance of thee maintenance of the social system.

social system.

y

y ´Society can only survive if ´Society can only survive if there existthere exist

among its members a sufficient degree of among its members a sufficient degree of homogeneity; education perpetuates and homogeneity; education perpetuates and reinforces this homogeneity by fixing in the reinforces this homogeneity by fixing in the child from the beginning the

child from the beginning the essentialessential

similarities which a collective life demands.µ similarities which a collective life demands.µ (Durkhe

(24)

(25)

y

y School provides a context where skills can School provides a context where skills can bebe

learned. learned. y

y DisciplineDiscipline

y

y EEducation teachers skills necessary for their ducation teachers skills necessary for their futurefuture

occupations.

occupations. This This function function is is particularly particularly important important inin an industrial society with its increasingly complex and an industrial society with its increasingly complex and specialized division of labour.

specialized division of labour. y

y Value of achievementValue of achievement

y

(26)

(27)

E

_ducation

E

_{ducation -}

_-

_Marxism

_M

_a

_r

_x

_i

_s

_m

y

Capitalists system requires hard working,

obedient and highly motivated workforce

which is too divided and fragmented to

challenge the authority of management.

y

Acc

Accept

eptan

ance

ce of

of hi

hiera

erarch

rchyy.

. T

Tea

eache

chers

rs gi

give

ve

instructions and students accept without

question.

y

(28)

(29)

F

_amily

F

_{amily -}

_-

F

_unctionalism

y

y MurdocMurdoch (1949) h (1949) argued that familiesargued that families perform four basis functions: sexual, perform four basis functions: sexual, reproductive,

reproductive, economic economic and eduand educational.cational.

y

y PParsons (1959) says that family providesarsons (1959) says that family provides primary socialization and secondary

primary socialization and secondary socializations

socializations

y

y ´´FFamilies are factoriesµ which produceamilies are factoriesµ which produce human personalities.