#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
ACADEMIC LISTENING AND SPEAKING
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
Contents
Answer Key
. . . . . 1
Assessment Tests
Test.1. . . .13
Test.2. . . .14
Test.3. . . .15
Test.4. . . .16
Transcripts
Chapter.1 . . . .17
Chapter.2 . . . .18
Chapter.3 . . . .20
Chapter.4 . . . .22
Chapter.5 . . . .24
Chapter.6 . . . .27
Chapter.7 . . . .29
Chapter.8 . . . .31
Chapter.9 . . . .34
Chapter.10 . . . .36
Chapter.11 . . . .38
Chapter.12 . . . .41
1
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Answer Key
ChapterEnvironmental Studies
2 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen
exercise 2 (p. 2) . 2 .. suburbs . 3 .. inner.cities . 4 .. decline . 5 .. revitalizeB Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise 2 (p. 3)
Answers will vary.
building,.commute,.diversity,.downtown,.housing,. growth,.residential,.suburbs
C Listening for the Main Idea (p. 3)
. a .. 4. . c .. 2 . b .. 1. . d .. 3
D Listening for More Detail (p. 4)
. 1 .. a. . 4 .. a. 7 .. b . 2 .. a. . 5 .. b. 8 .. a . 3 .. b. . 6 .. a
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 5) business.district,.City.Hall,.Opera.House,.shopping. area,.department.stores,.sidewalk.cafes,.rush.hour,. subway.station . exercise 2 (p. 5) . 2 .. mall. 5 .. park . 3 .. stop. 6 .. market . 4 .. building4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 6)
. a .. ✓. . c .. ✓. d .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 7)
. 1 .. A.park.that.is.not.successful.is.not.used.or.is.for. criminal.activity,.is.usually.empty,.has.litter.and. graffiti,.or.is.just.a.green.space.with.nothing.to. attract.people . 2 .. Museums,.a.zoo,.an.outdoor.theater,.a.skating. rink,.playgrounds . 3 .. To.provide.more.reasons.for.people.to.go.to.a. place . 4 .. Food . 5 .. Women.and.elderly.people . 6 .. There’s.not.enough.seating,.or.it’s.uncomfortable,. or.it’s.out.in.the.wind.or.the.sun . 7 .. So.that.people.can.see.what’s.inside.and.don’t.feel. afraid.to.enter . 8 .. Paths.that.don’t.lead.anywhere,.or.don’t.go.where. people.want.to.go
D Thinking and Speaking (p. 7)
Photo.a:.bad.seating.and.a.lack.of.activities Photo.b:.entrance.exposed.to.wind.and.sun Photo.c:.a.path.that.leads.nowhere
5 Pronunciation
exercise 2. (p. 8) example,.park,.playground,.one,.fountain,.middle,. nice,.there,.together,.water,.safe,.play,.summer,. seating,.both,.more,.go7 Speaking Skills
exercise 3 (p. 9) . 2 .. Chapter.4. . 3 .. Chapter.6. . 4 .. Chapter.5. . 5 .. Chapter.12. . 6 .. Chapter.7 Chapter 2Psychology
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 11)
2 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
C Listening for More Detail (p. 12)
. 1 .. T. . 4 .. T. 7 .. F . 2 .. F. . 5 .. T. 8 .. T . 3 .. T. . 6 .. F
E Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise 2 (p. 3) . 1 .. Chapter.1. . 2 .. Chapter.4. . 3 .. Chapter.5 . 4 .. Chapter.7 . 5 .. Chapter.8
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 3) When.adding.-ion.to.a.word.ending.in.e,.the.e.is. dropped . . 1 .. People.say.they.experience.deep.feelings.of. concentration.and.enjoyment . . 2 .. Many.people.experience.relaxation . exercise 2 (p. 3)noun (with.-ion). noun (with.-ation). noun (with.-ment)
connection. preparation. requirement contribution. combination. retirement discussion. organization. development motivation. exploration. management participation. . achievement exercise 3 (p. 3) . 1 .. relaxation. 5 .. achievement . 2 .. contribution. 6 .. preparation . 3 .. discussion. 7 .. requirement . 4 .. motivation. 8 .. indication
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 14)
. 1 .. Julia:.driving,.playing.guitar
. 2 .. Leo:.working.on.computers,.socializing . 3 .. Annie:.participating.in.sports,.coaching.sports . 4 .. Robert:.doing.dishes,.fixing.up.his.house,.
bicycling.
C Listening for More Detail (p. 14)
Julia . 1 .. an.hour.and.a.half . 2 .. listen.to.the.radio.or.music . 3 .. three.times . 4 .. with.friends.and.alone. Leo . 1 .. very.little . 2 .. plays.computer.games . 3 .. computer.game . 4 .. likes Annie . 1 .. many . 2 .. team.and.individual.sports . 3 .. coach . 4 .. sometimes Robert . 1 .. relaxing. . 2 .. finds.solutions.to.problems . 3 .. is.stressful . 4 .. enjoys.bicycling5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 5) I.usually.play.the.guitar.at.least.three.times.a.week ..I. play.in.a.group.with.friends.and.I.play.by.myself.too . exercise 2 (p. 6) . 1 .. an. . 6 .. and . 2 .. a. . 7 .. to . 3 .. the.. 8 .. at . 4 .. and. 9 .. with . 5 .. for.. 10 .. to6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 6) Annie.says.more.than.just.“Yes”.or.“No .”.Saying. more.than.just.“Yes”.or.“No”.helps.keep.conversation. going . exercise 2 (p. 6)Answers will vary.
Chapter 3
Food Science
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas
. 1 .. ✓. . 4 .. ✓ . 2 .. ✓. . 6 .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 20)
. 1 .. c. . 4 .. b. 7 .. b . 2 .. c. . 5 .. a. 8 .. c . 3 .. b. . 6 .. c
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 22) Where.to.have.tea.and.coffee#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
3
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
exercise 2 (p. 22) would.love,.prefer,.don’t.feel.like,.would.like,.want,. can’t.stand,.don’t.mind exercise 3 (p. 22) . 2 .. having/to.have . 3 .. getting. . 4 .. eating. . 5 .. to.eat . 6 .. eating/to.eat
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p.23)
. 1 .. ✓. . 3 .. ✓ . 4 .. ✓. . 6 .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 23)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. People.eat.out.much.more.nowadays . . 2 .. People,.especially.kids,.used.to.drink.a.lot.more. milk ..Now.they.drink.twice.as.much.soda .. . 3 .. If.people.have.more.income,.they.eat.out.more .. . 4 .. There.will.be.greater.demand.for.variety .. . 5 .. Immigration.affects.the.variety.of.food.available,. including.types.of.restaurants .. . 6 .. People.will.ask.more.for.quality,.rather.than.just. quantity ..
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 24) . 1 .. Wh . 2 .. Y/N . 3 .. Wh . 4 .. Y/N exercise 2 (p. 25) . 1 .. b. . 2 .. a6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 25) The.person.is.trying.to.eat.more.fruits.and.vegetables. and.gave.up.chocolate.for.a.while . exercise (p. 25) Hmm,.Let.me.think,.Well,.Let’s.see Chapter 4Visual Art
2 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen
exercise 2 (p. 28) . 2 .. c. . 4 .. e . 3 .. b. . 5 .. aB Focus on the Listening Skill (p. 28)
. a .. ✓. . c .. ✓. e .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 29)
. 1 .. a. . 4 .. c. 7 .. c . 2 .. b. . 5 .. b. 8 .. a . 3 .. c. . 6 .. a
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 30) types.of.painting:.(portrait),.landscape words.to.describe.a.painting:.(realistic),.abstract,. colorful,.traditional,.calm things.in.a.painting:.(lines),.dots,.circles,.shapes,. symbols,.figures,.scene,.detail location:.(in.the.corner),.in.the.foreground,.in.the. center,.in.the.background4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 32)
. a .. ✓. . c .. ✓. e .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail
exercise (p. 32)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. it’s.imitated/copied.a.lot.in.popular.culture . 2 .. 1930 . 3 .. Dutch.and.German.art/16th.century.Dutch. portraits . 4 .. the.style.of.the.window.in.the.house . 5 .. Wood’s.sister.and.his.dentist . 6 .. the.1890’s . 7 .. unfriendly/not.welcoming/suspicious . 8 .. farmers/country.people/people.in.small.towns exercise 2 (p. 32) . a .. 3. . b .. 6. c .. 4 . d .. 2. . e .. 5. f .. 1
4 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
5 Pronunciation
exercise 3 (p. 33) . 1 .. He.was.an.American.painter . . 2 .. His.sister.was.probably.the.model . . 3 .. It’s.a.famous.photograph . . 4 .. Who.is.the.woman.supposed.to.be? . 5 .. It’s.a.bit.of.a.mystery .6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 34) The.spoken.version.has.more.imprecise.expressions . exercise 2 (p. 34) . 2 .. sort.of. 5 .. kind.of . 3 .. kind.of. 6 .. It’s.as.if . 4 .. It’s.like. 7 .. or.something Chapter 5Life Science
2 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen (p. 37)
Answers will vary.
Oceans:.fish,.coral,.whales,.crab,.beach,.sand,.snail Medicine:.prescription.drugs,.cancer,.human.disease,.
bacteria,.painkiller,.anatomy,.heart.disease
Both:.bacteria.
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 38)
. a .. 4. . c .. 6. e .. 2 . b .. 3. . d .. 1. f .. 5
C Listening for More Detail (p. 39)
. 1 .. More.than.half . 2 .. 71% . 3 .. Researchers.are.hoping.to.learn.more.about.how. their.eyes.work.to.help.learn.more.about.eye. disease.in.humans . . 4 .. They.have.new.technologies.that.allow.them.to. go.deeper.into.the.oceans.than.before ... . 5 .. In.the.1950s . 6 .. It.can.swim.incredibly.fast .
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 39) . 2 .. a . . Because.of.“derived.from.the.sea”.before.it exercise 2 (p. 40) . 1 .. b. . 4 .. b . 2 .. a. . 5 .. a . 3 .. b
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 40) careful,.useful,.hopeful exercise 2 (p. 4) . 2 .. useful. useless . 3 .. beautiful. X . 4 .. hopeful. hopeless . 5 .. harmful. harmless . 6 .. X. . priceless . 7 .. helpful. helpless . 8 .. wonderful. X . 9 .. thoughtful.. thoughtless . 10 .. painful. painless exercise 3 (p. 4) . 2 .. painless. 6 .. wonderful . 3 .. useful. 7 .. priceless . 4 .. hopeful. 8 .. useless . 5 .. thoughtless4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 42)
. a .. 2. . c .. 1 . b .. 4. . d .. 3
C Listening for More Detail (p. 43)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. In.1987 . 2 .. California,.Arizona,.and.Baja,.Mexico . 3 .. The.birds.have.very.large.wings.that.could.knock. you.out.and.very.sharp.beaks .. . 4 .. That.condors.fly.more.distance.than.they.realized;. that.the.species.is.more.intelligent.and.complex. than.they’d.realized . 5 .. They.didn’t.learn.to.be.afraid.of.humans .. . 6 .. They’re.trained.to.act.like.parent.condors ... . 7 .. They.learn.from.older,.more.experienced.birds ... . 8 .. One.group.of.birds.travels.160.miles.just.to.visit. and.socialize.with.other.birds ...
D. Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 43)
. 1 .. b. . 3 .. a . 2 .. b. . 4 .. b
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
5
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 44) . 1 .. b. . 2 .. a. 3 .. a . exercise 2 (p. 44) . 1 .. learned. 4 .. teaches . 2 .. knocking. 5 .. raising . 3 .. harassing. 6 .. socialize6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 44) The.number.of.condors.living.in.the.wild How.they.attach.GPS.units.to.the.birds Another.example.of.how.the.birds.learn What.the.biologist.meant.when.he.said.the.birds.are. intelligent.and.complicated exercise 2 (p. 44) How.many.did.you.say. .. .. ..? Could.you.explain. .. .. ..? Can.you.give.another.example.of. .. .. ..? What.did.you.mean. .. .. ..? Chapter 6Social Studies
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 47)
. b .. ✓. . d .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 47)
. 1 .. F. . 4 .. F. 7 .. T . 2 .. T. . 5 .. T. 8 .. F . 3 .. T. . 6 .. F
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 48)
. a .. 6. . d .. 2. g .. 5 . b .. 3. . e .. 8. h .. 1 . c .. 4. . f .. 7
exercise 2 (p. 48)
Announcing what a speaker is going to say or do:
We’re.going.to.look.at;.I’m.going.to.suggest;.I’d.like. to.point.out.that
Signaling a change in topic:.Now.if.you.look.at;.
Compare.that.to;.Let’s.turn.to Summarizing:.I’ve.described
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 49) . 2 .. time.off. 8 .. get.laid.off . 3 .. salary. 9 .. project . 4 .. employer. 10 ..freelancers . 5 .. part-time. 11 ..job.security . 6 .. temporary. 12 ..benefits . 7 .. hires exercise 2 (p. 50) . 2 .. benefits. 6 .. job.security . 3 .. time.off. 7 .. freelancer . 4 .. hired. 8 .. get.laid.off . 5 .. temporary4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas
exercise (p. 5) The.man.has.three.jobs . exercise 2 (p. 5) She.has.a.baking.business . exercise 3 (p. 5) . a .. ✓. . b .. ✓. c .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 52)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. He.likes.not.getting.involved.in.the.day.to.day. stuff,.and.his.work.time.is.flexible . . 2 .. His.wife’s.job . 3 .. She.got.laid.off . . 4 .. She’s.living.and.working.at.her.parents’.house . . 5 .. Find.a.partner.who.could.do.marketing,.and. maybe.have.her.own.place.one.day . 6 .. There.are.entrepreneurs,.freelancers,.and.part-time.employees . . 7 .. Economic.reasons,.the.growth.of.software.and. media.industries,.and.the.change.in.attitudes . 8 .. Marketing.themselves,.and.being.organized,. especially.with.time
D Working out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 52)
. 1 .. b. . 3 .. b. 5 .. a . 2 .. a. . 4 .. b
6 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 53) . 2 .. It’s.. 7 .. who’ve . 3 .. I’m.. 8 .. they’ve . 4 .. It’s.. 9 .. they’ve . 5 .. I’ve. 10 ..there’s . 6 .. it’s exercise 2 (p. 53)Answers will vary.
Chapter 7
Language and Communication
2 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen (p. 57)
. 1 .. 82 .12% . 2 .. 17 .88%
. 3 .. Vietnamese,.Italian,.Korean,.Russian . 4 .. Answers will vary.
. 5 .. Answers will vary.
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 57)
. c
C Listening for More Detail (p. 58)
. 1 .. The.thirty.most.common.languages.in.the.US . 2 .. From.census.data . 3 .. a .. 2. c .. 1 . . b .. 4. d .. 3 . 4 .. Almost.900,000 . 5 .. Southern.California.and.Washington.state . 6 .. New.York
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 58) . 2 .. 86. . 5 .. 49. 8 .. 4 . 3 .. 1.or.2. 6 .. 8. 9 .. 4 . 4 .. 72. . 7 .. 6
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 59) . 2 .. just.over . 3 .. a.little.over exercise 2 (p. 59) Approximately:.about,.around,.something.like More:.just.over,.a.little.over,.more.than Less:.a.little.under,.less.than,.almost,.just.under exercise 3 (p. 59) . 1 .. almost . 2 .. Just.over . 3 .. just.under. . 4 .. less.than . 5 .. more.than . 6 .. something.like exercise 4 (p. 60)Answers will vary.
4 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen
exercise (p. 60) French.and.English.are.the.official.languages ..Cree,. Inuktitut,.Mohawk,.and.Ojibwa.are.examples.of. minority.languages . exercise 3 (p. 6)Answers will vary.
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 61)
. 1 .. Different.opinions.on.how.many.languages.exist. today . 2 .. Criteria.for.deciding.if.a.language.is.in.danger . 3 .. Why.the.topic.of.language.loss.is.important . 4 .. The.situation.with.the.Welsh.language . 5 .. Programs.for.revising.Native.American.languages
C Listening for More Detail (p. 61)
Answers will vary.
. 2 .. Believed.that.half.world’s.languages.could.be.lost. by.end.of.century . 3 .. Are.last.speakers.of.their.languages . 4 .. Make.it.difficult.to.find.agreement.on.the.number. of.languages.at.risk . 5 .. Don’t.know.what.information.or.traditions.we’re. losing.when.a.language.disappears . 6 .. Example.of.a.language.getting.stronger . 7 .. Used.to.be.250.Native.American.languages,.but. now.only.about.150.in.use. . 8 .. Use.older.peoples’.knowledge;.tape.record.older. people;.have.older.people.care.for.children.and. teach.them;.have.speakers.teach.and.learn.on.the. telephone;.study.the.old.records.of.ancestors
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
7
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.7
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 62) Stress.is.on.the.second.syllable.(-teen).in.item.4 ..Stress. is.on.first.syllable.in.the.others .. exercise 2 (p. 62) It’s.easier.to.hear.the.difference.between.items.2.and. 4,.because.the.stress.is.different .. exercise 3 (p. 62) . 1 .. sixty. 4 .. seventy . 2 .. forty. 5 .. eighteen . 3 .. thirteen. 6 .. fifteen exercise 4 (p. 62)Answers will vary.
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 63)
Answers will vary.
exercise 2 (p. 63) . 1 .. Brainstorm.ideas . 2 .. Select.ideas . 3 .. Order.ideas.and.outline . 4 .. Fill.out.an.outline . 5 .. Rehearse Chapter 8
Technology
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 65)
. 1 .. a. . 3 .. a . 2 .. b. . 4 .. c
C Listening for More Detail (p. 65)
. 1 .. a. . 3 .. b. 5 .. c . 2 .. c. . 4 .. c. 6 .. a
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 66) . 1 .. determination . 2 .. believed.absolutely . 3 .. mood . 4 .. positive.attitude exercise 2 (p. 66) a exercise 3 (p. 67) c exercise 4 (p. 67) b
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 67) set.out,.give.up,.took.off exercise 2 (p. 67) . 2 .. g. . 5 .. c. 8 .. b . 3 .. a. . 6 .. j. 9 .. f . 4 .. i. . 7 .. d. 10 ..h exercise 3 (p. 67) . 2 .. turned.up. 7 .. go.on . 3 .. took.off. 8 .. set.out . 4 .. came.over. 9 .. getting.along . 5 .. ran.out. 10 ..went.off . 6 .. came.up exercise 4 (p. 68)Answers will vary.
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 69)
b
C Listening for More Detail (p. 69)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. The.photocopy.machine.was.a.very.successful. product.and.the.technology.is.still.used.today . . 2 .. 1937 . 3 .. He.was.poor.and.had.to.support.his.father.after. his.mother.died . . 4 .. It.was.to.keep.his.ideas.in ..He.wanted.to.be.an. inventor . . 5 .. When.studying.law,.he.had.to.copy.pages. longhand.from.books . . 6 .. Nobody.would.invest.in.his.idea.or.give.him. money.to.develop.his.idea . . 7 .. 1947 . 8 .. 1960 . 9 .. The.machine.was.an.instant.success .. . 10 .. He.lived.simply,.and.gave.away.most.of.his. money .
D Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 70)
. 1 .. b. . 3 .. b. 5 .. a . 2 .. a. . 4 .. a
8 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 7) . 2 .. imagine. imagination . 3 .. inspire. inspiration . 4 .. invent. invention . 5 .. mechanic. mechanical . 6 .. technology. technological. 7 .. photograph. photographic. photography . 8 .. electric. electrical. electricity exercise 2 (p. 7)
. 2 .. imagine. imagination . 3 .. inspire. inspiration . 6 .. technology. technological
. 7 .. photograph. photographic. photography . 8 .. electric. electrical. electricity exercise 3 (p. 7) . 1 .. Carlson.invented.an.automatic.xerographic. machine . . 2 .. The.process.was.called.Xerography . . 3 .. His.invention.used.light.and.electricity.to. duplicate.an.image . . 4 .. Carlson.went.to.university.at.the.Institute.of. Technology .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 72) A.copy.machine exercise 2 (p. 72)First,. .. .. ..;.Now,. .. .. ..;.Then,. .. .. ..;.OK?
Chapter 9
Marketing and Advertising
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 74)
. b .. ✓. . d .. ✓. e .. ✓ . f .. ✓. . h .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 74)
. 1 .. c. . 3 .. b. 5 .. a . 2 .. b. . 4 .. a. 6 .. c
D Focusing on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 75)
Answers will vary.
. 2 .. network.TV.stations;.all.the.commercials . 3 .. advertising.in.school
exercise 2 (p. 75) b
exercise 3 (p. 75)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. attract.customers.to.survive . 2 .. market.their.products
. 3 .. would.not.exist;.products.and.services exercise 4 (p. 76)
Answers will vary.
3 Vocabulary
exercise 2 (p. 76) . 1 .. conduct.surveys;.look.at.the.competition . 2 .. TV.or.radio.commercials,.newspaper.or.magazine. advertisements,.the.Internet,.popular.events exercise 3 (p. 76) . 2 .. competition. 7 .. commercials . 3 .. advertise. 8 .. attract . 4 .. market.research. 9 .. on.the.market . 5 .. product. 10 ..geared.toward . 6 .. sponsor4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 78)
. c. ✓
C Listening for More Detail
exercise (p. 78) Where? . 2 .. In.the.front.of.the.store . 3 .. In.the.front.of.the.store . 4 .. Around.the.sides.of.the.store . 5 .. In.the.aisles . 6 .. Near.the.checkout.counter exercise 2 (p. 78) Why? . 1 .. To.make.customers.pass.other.items . 2 .. Smells.good.and.attracts.customers . 3 .. Smells.good.and.attracts.customers . 4 .. Most.people.go.around.the.side . 5 .. People.need.it.and.will.look.for.it . 6 .. People.stand.next.to.it.at.checkout
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 79) . 1 .. interested. 4 .. not.interested . 2 .. not.interested. 5 .. interested . 3 .. interested. 6 .. interested#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
9
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 80)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. The.people.are.discussing.how.to.advertise. something . . 2 .. Susan.is.proposing.a.hot.air.balloon . exercise 2 (p. 80) What.do.you.mean?;.Oh,.you.mean. .. .. ..;.I.don’t.get.it;. You’re.saying.that. .. .. .. Chapter 0
Education
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas
exercise (p. 84) Life.experience exercise 2 (p. 84)
. a .. ✓. . b .. ✓. d .. ✓
Ben.and.Mona.do.not.have.the.same.opinion .
C Listening for More Detail
exercise (p.84)
. 1 .. F. . 4 .. T. 7 .. T . 2 .. T. . 5 .. T. 8 .. F . 3 .. F. . 6 .. F
D Focus on the Listening Skill (p. 85)
Answers will vary.
. 2 .. It.would.be.difficult.to.evaluate.two.very.different. experiences . . 3 .. It.takes.discipline ..You.have.to.attend,.do.the. work,.take.exams,.and.pass.classes.to.get.credit .. . 4 .. He.says.that.college.was.social.for.him.and.that. he.really.started.learning.after.college ..
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 86)Answers will vary.
exercise 2 (p. 86) . 2 .. a.program . 3 .. it;.credit . 4 .. a.subject . 5 .. classes . 6 .. an.exam . 7 .. an.exam . 8 .. college . exercise 3 (p. 86) . 1 .. program;.classes;.grades . 2 .. graduated;.got . 3 .. took;.take;.got . 4 .. financial.aid exercise 4 (p. 87)
Answers will vary.
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 88)
. 1 .. d. . 3 .. b . 2 .. a. . 4 .. c
C Listening for More Detail
. 1 .. b. . 5 .. c . 2 .. a. . 6 .. a . 3 .. c. . 7 .. c . 4 .. b. . 8 .. b
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 89) Both.sentences.sound.very.similar . exercise 2 (p. 89) . 1 .. wanted. 3 .. want.it . 2 .. want.it. 4 .. wanted exercise 3 (p. 89) . 1 .. start.it. 6 .. repeated . 2 .. started. 7 .. need.it . 3 .. predicted. 8 .. needed . 4 .. predict.it. 9 .. suggested . 5 .. repeat.it. 10 ..suggest.it exercise 4 (p. 90)Answers will vary.
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 90) . 1 .. interested . 2 .. good . 3 .. hard The.effect.of.the.repetition.is.to.emphasize.the.point . exercise 2 (p. 90)0 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.0 Chapter
Astronomy
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 94)
. 4 .. ✓ . 6 .. ✓
C Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 94) . 2 .. different.theories,.part,.separate,.captured.or. pulled.in,.gravity,.rock,.crash . 3 .. connection,.craters,.formed,.rock,.crash,. dinosaurs,.killed exercise 3 (p. 94) . 1 .. 3 .. water . . 4 .. lava . . 5 .. ice . 2 .. 1 .. theories . . 2 .. part . . 3 .. separate . . 4 .. pulled . . 5 .. gravity . . 6 .. rock . 3 .. 1 .. dinosaurs . . 2 .. connection . . 3 .. crashed . . 4 .. craters . . 5 .. theory . . 6 .. rock
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 96) . 2 .. b. . 5 .. f. 8 .. g . 3 .. e. . 6 .. a . 4 .. c. . 7 .. h exercise 2 (p. 96) . 1 .. come.about . 2 .. broke.off. . 3 .. get.away . 4 .. came.up.with . 5 .. broke.down. . 6 .. figure.out. . 7 .. left.out . 8 .. run.out.of4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 97)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. Robert.Evans.searches.for.supernovas.and.dying. stars .
. 2 .. He.can.memorize.patterns.of.stars.very.well .
C Listening for More Detail (p. 11)
. 1 .. b. . 4 .. b. 7 .. b . 2 .. a. . 5 .. b. 8 .. a . 3 .. a. . 6 .. b
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 99) The.models.are.unstressed . exercise 2 (p. 99) . 1 .. can. . 2 .. will. . 3 .. would. . 4 .. can. . 5 .. could6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 99) She.returns.to.the.topic.of.supernovas . exercise 2 (p. 99) If.you’ll.let.me.come.back.to.that. .. .. ..;..I.want.to.add. .. .. ..;.Now,.back.to. .. .. ..;.By.the.way. .. .. ..
Chapter 2
International Studies
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 102)
. 1 .. Answers will vary. . 2 .. Brazil
. 3 .. A.psychology.professor
C Listening for More Detail (p. 102)
. 1 .. c. . 4 .. c. 7 .. b . 2 .. a. . 5 .. b. 8 .. a . 3 .. b. . 6 .. a
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 03)
. 3 .. of.another.country,.foreign . 4 .. getting.used.to,.adjusting
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.0
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
exercise 2 (p. 03) . a .. ✓ exercise 3 (p. 04) . 1 .. Difficulties.with.language.and.privacy . 2 .. “It’s.a.piece.of.cake”.means.something.is.not.a. problem;.having.difficulties.with.language.and. privacy.turned.out.to.be.“a.piece.of.cake .” . 3 .. “Distress”.is.unhappiness,.being.upset ..Brazilians’. ideas.of.time.and.punctuality.caused.him.distress . exercise 4 (p. 04) difficulties.with.things.like.language.and.privacy;. dealing.with.Brazilian’s.ideas.of.time.and.punctuality exercise 5 (p. 04) . 1 .. Because.students.start.shuffling.their.books,.have. strained.expressions . 2 .. Moving.around.of.books.to.make.a.shuffling. noise . 3 .. The.students.have.strained.expressions ..Strained. means.looking.worried.or.in.pain . 4 .. No exercise 6 (p. 04) shuffle.their.books;.look.uncomfortable,.like.they. have.to.leave .
3 Vocabulary
exercise 2 (p. 05) Punctuality:.ahead.of.time,.early,.in.time.to,.in.time. for,.on.time,.punctual Lateness:.behind.schedule,.late.for,.in.a.hurry,. running.late,.“It’s.about.time!”4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 106)
. a .. 2. . c .. 4. e .. 3 . b .. 5. . d .. 1
C Listening for More Detail (p. 107)
. 4 .. Irritated.at.stores,.taxi.drivers,.food,.and.feeling. ignored.and.miserable . 5 .. Complain.about.new.culture,.feel.that.your.home. culture.is.better . 6 .. Getting.used.to.new.culture,.start.making.friends,. enjoying.work,.realize.that.there’s.good.and.bad. everywhere . . 7 .. When.you.go.back.to.your.own.culture,.you.may. feel.disappointed,.prefer.some.things.in.new. culture
D Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 107)
. 1 .. a. . 3 .. a. 5 .. b . 2 .. b. . 4 .. a. 6 .. a
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 08) Linking.can.make.it.hard.to.hear.word.boundaries . exercise 3 (p. 08) . 2 .. felt.at.home.in. . 3 .. opened.a.bank . 4 .. didn’t.have.a. . 5 .. worked.it.out . 6 .. took.a.lot.of.time exercise 4 (p. 08) . 2 .. I.felt.at.home.in.England . . 3 .. I.opened.a.bank.account . . 4 .. But.I.didn’t.have.a.job . . 5 .. In.the.end,.I.worked.it.out . . 6 .. But.it.took.a.lot.of.time .6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 09) What.you.need.to.know.about.a.country.before.you. live.in.that.country . exercise 2 (p. 09) Are.we.all.clear.about. .. .. ..?;.Let’s.go.to.the.next. point .;.What.do.you.think?;.Does.anyone.have. anything.to.add.to.that?;.Can.we.move.on ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (2 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2 test
Chapters 1–3
part . 1 .. c. . 2 .. a. 3 .. c part 2 . 4 .. a. . 8 .. c . 5 .. b. . 9 .. a . 6 .. c. . 10 .. a . 7 .. c test 2Chapters 4–6
part . 1 .. d part 2 . 2 .. F. . 4 .. F. 6 .. F . 3 .. T. . 5 .. T. 7 .. T part 3 . 8 .. b. . 9 .. a. 10 ..a test 3Chapters 7–9
part . 1 .. a. . 2 .. b part 2 . 3 .. T. . 6 .. T. 9 .. F . 4 .. F. . 7 .. F. 10 ..F . 5 .. F. . 8 .. T part 3 . 11 .. T. . 12 ..T test 4Chapters 10–12
part . 1 .. b. . 2 .. a. 3 .. a part 2 . 4 .. b. . 6 .. a. 8 .. a . 5 .. b. . 7 .. b. 9 .. b part 3 . 10 .. b. . 11 ..a. 12 ..b#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2 #602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Open Forum 2: Assessment Tests
3
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Test 1: Chapters 1–3
1. Read questions 1–3. Then listen to the
radio program and choose the correct
answer for each question.
. 1 .. What.does.caller.1.say.about. Amsterdam? a .. She.would.like.to.take.a.trip.there . b .. She.lives.there . c .. She.thinks.it’s.a.good.place.to.live . . 2 .. Which.of.the.following.is.true.about. caller.2? a .. He.is.happy.where.he.lives.now . b .. He.lives.in.the.city . c .. He.would.like.to.live.in.the.city . . 3 .. Where.does.caller.3.live.now? a .. In.the.suburbs b .. In.a.city c .. In.a.small.town
2. Now read questions 4–10. Listen to
the radio program again and choose
the correct answer for each question.
. 4 .. What.part.of.the.radio.program.is.this. extract.taken.from? a .. The.beginning b .. The.middle c .. The.end . 5 .. What.was.the.main.point.that.caller.1. made.about.Amsterdam? a .. It’s.a.friendly.place . b .. People.don’t.need.cars.to.get.around . c .. The.public.transportation.system.. is.cheap . . 6 .. According.to.caller.1,.what.effect.do.cars. have.on.the.environment? a .. They.make.it.more.noisy . b .. They.make.it.more.polluted . c .. Both.of.the.above You.are.about.to.hear.part.of.a.radio.program.in.which.people.discuss.the.advantages.and. disadvantages.of.living.in.certain.places ..Before.you.listen,.think.about.the.city.or.town.where.you. live ..What.are.the.advantages.and.disadvantages.of.living.there? . 7 .. Which.point.does.caller.2.not.make.about.where. he.lives? a .. It’s.safe.for.children . b .. The.schools.are.good . c .. The.streets.are.cleaner.than.in.the.city . . 8 .. How.much.time.does.caller.2.spend.. getting.to.work? a .. More.than.he.did.before b .. Less.than.he.did.before c .. About.the.same.amount.of.time.as.before . 9 .. What.does.caller.3.say.about.the.town.. where.he.lives? a .. People.are.very.curious.about.each.. other’s.business . b .. It’s.not.safe . c .. It’s.a.good.place.to.do.business . . 10 .. How.much.time.does.caller.3.spend.in.his.car? a .. More.than.he.did.before b .. Less.than.he.did.before c .. About.the.same.amount.of.time.as.before
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
4 Open Forum 2: Assessment Tests
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Test 2: Chapters 4–6
You.are.about.to.hear.an.interview.about.visual.art.in.the.community ..Before.you.listen,.think. about.the.different.kinds.of.art.you.know.about ..What.different.kinds.of.art.are.there?.What.are. some.possible.ways.that.art.might.help.people?
1. Read question 1. Then listen to the
interview and choose the correct
answer for the question.
. 1 .. Which.of.these.topics.does.Alan.Tam.not. talk.about? a .. Art.for.doctors b .. Art.for.elderly.people.and.people. with.disabilities c .. Art.in.schools d .. Art.in.museums.and.galleries
2. Now read questions 2–7. Then listen
to the interview again and write T for
true or F for false for each question.
. .2 .. .Art.for.All.helps.artists.to.sell.their. work . . .3 .. .Alan.Tam.says.that.art.has.been. important.to.people.for.a.very.long. time . . .4 .. .Alan.Tam.recommends.keeping. art.separate.from.other.subjects.in. school . . .5 .. .Alan.Tam.says.that.studying.art. from.a.certain.time.period.can.help. students.learn.about.the.history.of. that.time . . .6 .. .According.to.Alan.Tam,.older. people.and.disabled.people.often. don’t.enjoy.doing.art . . .7 .. .According.to.Alan.Tam,.art. appreciation.classes.can.help. doctors.diagnose.illnesses.better .
3. Read questions 8–10. Then listen to
three extracts from the interview.
After listening to each extract, choose
the correct answer for each question.
. 8 .. Urge.probably.means. . a .. a.sad.feeling b .. a.strong.need.or.desire . 9 .. Topography.probably.means. . a .. the.physical.features.of.an.. area.of.land b .. the.history.and.culture.of.a.people . 10 .. Outlet.probably.means. . a .. a.way.of.release.for.emotions b .. a.challenge
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P. #602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Open Forum 2: Assessment Tests
5
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Test 3: Chapters 7–9
1. Read questions 1 and 2. Then listen
to the conversation and choose the
correct answer for each question.
. 1 .. The.book.is.about. . a .. the.experience.of.living.without. technology b .. communities.that.live.without. technology c .. how.technology.improves.our.lives . 2 .. The.writer.concluded.that. . a .. it’s.impossible.to.live.without. technology b .. where.possible,.people.should.use. less.technology.than.they.do.now c .. everybody.should.use.hand-powered. machines
2. Read questions 3–10. Then listen to
the conversation again and write T for
true or F for false for each question.
. . 3 .. .The.couple.lived.without. technology.for.over.a.year . . . 4 .. .The.people.in.the.community.did. not.use.any.machines.at.all . . . 5 .. .The.place.the.author.describes.in. the.book.is.not.a.real.place . . . 6 .. .The.couple.did.not.use.a.lot.of. money.while.they.were.there . . . 7 .. .The.author.disliked.the.slowness. of.life.in.his.new.hometown . . . 8 .. .The.people.enjoyed.their.work. because.they.worked.together.. and.socialized . . . 9 .. .The.item.of.technology.that.the. writer.missed.the.most.was.a.car . . .10 .. .The.people.in.the.community.used. tools.that.didn’t.work.well . You.are.going.to.hear.people.talking.about.a.book.called.“Better.Off:.Flipping.the.switch.on. technology .”.Before.you.listen,.think.about.this.title ..What.do.you.think.the.book.might.be.about?
3. Read questions 11 and 12. Then listen
to two extracts from the conversation.
After listening to each extract, write
T
for true or F for false for each
question.
. .11 .. .The.speaker.talks.about.people. helping.people.to.explain.why. the.work.wasn’t.as.much.as.you. might.expect . . .12 .. .The.speaker.talks.about.cars.to. show.that.sometimes.technology. is.expensive.and.not.always. effective .#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6
6 Open Forum 2: Assessment Tests
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Look.at.the.title.of.the.news.report.you.are.going.to.listen.to:.“The.Mystery.of.the.Moon.Trees .”. What.do.you.think.the.story.might.be.about?
Test 4: Chapters 10–12
1. Read questions 1–3. Then listen to the
news report and choose the correct
answer for each question.
. 1 .. Moon.trees.are.trees.grown.from.seeds. that. . a .. were.planted.on.the.moon b .. have.traveled.to.the.moon.and.back . 2 .. The.moon.trees.look. . a .. like.regular.trees b .. much.bigger.than.regular.trees . 3 .. The.moon.trees.were. . a .. distributed.to.many.people b .. kept.in.a.laboratory.permanently
2. Read questions 4–9. Then listen to
the news report again and choose the
correct answer for each question.
. 4 .. Stuart.Roosa.took.tree.seeds.along.on.a. space.mission.because. . a .. the.U .S ..Forest.Service.asked.him.to b .. he.loved.nature.and.trees . 5 .. The.seeds. . a .. were.carried.onto.the.moon b .. stayed.in.the.space.module.as.it. orbited.the.moon . 6 .. The.trees.were.sent.to.places. . a .. around.the.United.States.and.in. different.countries b .. only.within.the.United.States . 7 .. People.sometimes.find.moon.trees. . a .. because.they.are.only.in.parks.or. nature.areas b .. because.they.usually.have.a.sign.. near.them . 8 .. Dave.Williams’.list.of.moon.trees.. has. . a .. sixty.or.more.trees.on.it b .. less.than.sixty.trees.on.it . 9 .. Examples.of.other.items.astronauts. carried.into.space.are. . a .. coins,.stamps,.golf.balls,.and.golf. clubs b .. coins,.stamps,.golf.balls,.and.a. sandwich
3. Read questions 10–12. Then listen to
three extracts from the news report.
After listening to each extract, choose
the correct answer for each question.
. 10 .. Mutant.probably.means. . a .. a.seed.that.doesn’t.grow b .. an.animal.or.plant.with.unexpectedly. different.characteristics.from.the. parent.animal.or.plant . 11 .. Scatter.probably.means. . a .. to.drop.or.throw.things.in.different. directions.over.a.wide.area b .. to.put.things.in.one.place . 12 .. Germinate.probably.means. . a .. to.die b .. to.start.to.grow
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6 #602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.7 Chapter
Environmental Studies
2 Listening Practice
C Listening for Main Ideas (p. 3)
Now,.as.you.probably.know,.U .S ..inner.cities.have.been. in.a.bad.state.for.several.decades ..They.tend.to.be.high. crime.areas.with.a.lot.of.vacant.buildings.and.so.on .. Today.we’ll.talk.about.how.this.happened.and.what.is. being.done.about.it .. Well,.first,.you.can’t.talk.about.the.decline.of.the.inner. cities.without.looking.at.the.growth.of.the.suburbs,. because.the.two.are.connected ..There.was—and.still.is— a.huge.demand.for.suburban.housing.in.the.last.30,.40. years.or.so ..So.what.we’ve.seen.all.over.the.country.is.a. lot.of.development.of.areas.just.outside.of.cities—areas. that.were.once.farmlands—acres.and.acres.of.land.just. given.over.to.suburban.housing ..We.call.it.“suburban. sprawl”.because.of.the.way.the.houses.are.kind.of. spread.out.all.over.the.countryside .. As.the.suburbs.grew,.the.inner.cities.declined ..Well,.you. can.imagine.how.this.happens ..When.people.move.to. the.suburbs.it’s.more.convenient.for.them.to.shop.at.the. shopping.malls.closer.to.home ..So.the.department.stores. in.the.downtown.area,.they.don’t.get.as.much.business,. and.maybe.eventually.they.have.to.close ..You.see.this. particularly.in.small.and.mid-size.towns ..You.might. have.an.area.that.has.quite.a.large.population,.but.the. downtown.is.dead—especially.at.night .. As.a.result.of.that,.we’ve.had.growing.crime.rates.and. poverty.in.downtown.areas ..So.people.are.afraid.to.go. there.at.night,.and.there.ends.up.being.less.cultural.life. in.these.towns .. So.city.planners.have.been.trying.to.attract.people.back. to.the.cities ..It’s.become.a.necessity,.really,.because.you. can’t.keep.building.suburbs.forever,.and.people.don’t. want.to.commute.two.or.more.hours.to.get.to.their.jobs .. They.want.to.come.back.to.live.in.the.cities,.but.you. have.to.make.the.conditions.right .. So.how.do.you.do.that?.Well,.city.planners.are.using. an.approach.called.“smart.growth”.as.a.way.to.plan. neighborhoods.and.revitalize.inner.cities ..I’ll.explain. some.of.the.main.characteristics.of.smart.growth .
Transcripts
First,.smart.growth.encourages.diversity.of.use ..For. example,.many.planners.believe.now.that.it’s.healthy. to.have.some.light.manufacturing—say,.bakeries.or. printing.presses—mixed.in.with.retail.and.residential. buildings,.all.together.in.the.same.area,.and.one.reason. to.do.this.is.that.a.street.has.people.in.it.all.day.long .. You’ve.got.the.people.who.work.there.during.the. day.and.the.people.who.live.there.coming.back.in.the. evenings ..The.area.is.used.more ..Sidewalks.are.busy .. This.makes.it.possible.for.stores.and.restaurants.to.open. up.to.serve.all.these.people,.which.in.turn.encourages. more.people,.and.then.that.makes.a.neighborhood.more. attractive . OK,.secondly,.you.want.to.have.diversity.of.housing .. Instead.of.having.streets.and.streets.of.identical.houses,. like.you.have.in.the.suburbs,.you.would.have.a.mix. of.single-family.homes,.townhouses,.and.apartment. buildings.that.would.encourage.a.wider.range.of. people—in.terms.of.ages.and.income.levels—to.live.in. an.area.so.people.can.stay.in.a.community ..They.can. move.up.to.a.larger.house,.or.move.to.a.smaller.house. when.they.get.older,.without.leaving.the.community .. The.other.big.aspect.of.smart.growth.is.to.make.it. possible.for.people.to.walk.to.schools,.public.libraries,. stores,.and.so.on ..So.you.put.these.things.within. walking.distance.of.residential.neighborhoods ..It’s.also. important.to.have.attractive.places.outside—places.to. gather.or.sit.and.relax ..This.brings.people.out.onto.the. streets ..And.streets.that.have.people.in.them.are.safer. streets ..When.you.have.safer.streets,.you.have.more. people.wanting.to.live.downtown ..And.that.causes.a. demand.for.more.housing,.and.that.in.turn.revitalizes. inner.cities.even.more . Now.one.city.where.this.kind.of.thing.is.being.done.is. Pittsburgh ..Let’s.have.a.look.at.some.photographs.that. were.taken. .. .. .4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 6)
A = Host, B = Charles OngA:. Public.spaces.are.the.places.where.we.interact.with. other.people.in.our.community:.streets,.shopping. malls,.public.parks,.and.so.on ..Public.spaces.have.a. huge.impact.on.the.quality.of.life.of.the.people.who.
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P. use.them,.especially.in.cities ..Today.we’re.going.to.talk. about.parks ..Our.guest.is.Charles.Ong.from.the.Parks. Planning.Association,.and.he’s.going.to.tell.us.what. makes.a.good.public.park ..Welcome.to.the.program . B:. Thank.you . A:. First.of.all,.is.there.such.a.thing.as.a.bad.public.park?.I. mean,.aren’t.all.parks.good? B:. Well,.no ..I.think.if.you.think.about.it,.some.parks.just. don’t.work.for.one.reason.or.another ..They’re.not. used,.or.they’re.used.for.criminal.activity ..They’re. usually.empty ..They’ve.got.litter.and.graffiti,.or. they’re.just.a.green.space.put.there.with.nothing.to. attract.people . A:. Now.that.you.mention.it,.I.can.think.of.a.few.places. like.that! B:. A.good.public.park.or.any.public.space—doesn’t.have. to.be.a.park—is.above.all,.attractive ..People.want.to. go.there .. A:. Give.me.an.example.of.a.public.park.that.works . B:. Oh,.there.are.lots ..Central.Park,.in.New.York,.for. example,.is.a.great.park ..There’s.a.lot.to.do.there .. You’ve.got.several.museums.right.around.it,.and.in. the.park.itself.you.have.the.Children’s.Zoo,.you.have. an.outdoor.theater,.you.have.a.skating.rink,.lots.of. playgrounds,.community.centers,.and.so.on—all.of. that.brings.people.in ..Same.kind.of.thing.with.Boston. Common,.Balboa.Park.in.San.Diego,.the.Lakefront.in. Chicago ..I.could.go.on . A:. But.what.about.smaller.parks?.You.can’t.always.have. an.art.museum.or.a.zoo . B:. No,.but.the.principle.is.the.same ..If.you’re.designing. a.smaller.park,.you.still.need.to.provide.enough. activities ..And.what.you.want.to.do.is.connect.the. activities.to.each.other ..For.example,.let’s.say.you. have.a.park.with.a.playground.in.one.corner,.and.a. fountain.in.the.middle ..Well,.that’s.nice,.but.there’s. not.enough.there.to.attract.people ..But.if.you.link. the.two.together—say.you.make.a.water.feature.in. the.playground,.or.you.make.the.fountain.safe.so. that.kids.can.play.in.it.in.the.summer—and.if.you. add.some.good.seating.where.people.can.watch.both. areas,.then.you.provide.more.reasons.for.people.to.go. there ..And.if.you.add.a.food.stand,.then.you’re.getting. somewhere ..Food.always.attracts.people . A:. Right,.I.get.it . B:. You.want.to.have.it.used.by.different.kinds.of.people .. You.want.children,.and.older.people,.and.women— and.that,.by.the.way,.is.often.a.good.indicator.of.how. successful.a.city.park.is .. A:. What?.Women?. B:. Yeah,.women.and.elderly.people ..Women.are. generally.more.aware.of.their.surroundings ..They’re. much.less.likely.to.sit.down.or.relax.in.public.area.if. they.feel.uncomfortable ..
A:. Right ..Now.that.I.think.of.it,.some.places.don’t.even. provide.places.to.sit . B:. Yeah,.seating.is.a.big.thing ..A.lot.of.parks.don’t.have. enough.seating,.or.it’s.uncomfortable,.or.the.seats.are. out.in.the.wind.or.the.sun ..Ideally,.people.should.be. able.to.move.the.seats.around ..You.get.that.in.some. parks.in.Europe ..People.can.pick.up.a.chair.and.move. it.wherever.they.want .. A:. But.that.raises.some.security.issues . B:. Yes ..It’s.only.possible.where.there’s.a.fairly.good. security.presence .. A:. What.about.access.to.a.park?.You.know.when.you. spend.ages.trying.to.find.the.way.in.into.a.park?.I’ve. had.that.experience . B:. Yeah,.when.you’re.walking.around.and.around. looking.for.the.entrance . A:. Yeah . B:. That’s.a.problem.sometimes ..But.it’s.not.just.that .. Even.if.the.entrance.is.visible,.the.interior.has.to.be. visible.too ..You.have.to.be.able.to.see.what’s.inside .. You.don’t.want.people.feeling.afraid.to.go.in.there,. like.they’re.going.to.be.mugged.or.something ..It.has. to.be.welcoming .. A:. You.need.to.see.where.the.paths.go.too,.right?.So.you. can.say,.“Oh,.I’ll.take.a.shortcut.through.the.park,.and. that.will.take.me.over.there,.or.over.there”? B:. Right ..And.one.thing.that.drives.me.crazy.in.public. parks.is.paths.that.don’t.lead.to.anywhere,.or.that. don’t.go.where.people.want.to.go ..They’re.just.there. for.the.sake.of.it ..You.want.paths.that.attract.people. and.pull.them.along .. A:. It.seems.so.obvious . B:. You’d.think.so,.wouldn’t.you?.But.a.lot.of.parks.are. put.in.with.very.little.consideration.of.how.to.make. them.work . Chapter 2
Psychology
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 11)
A = Host, B = Dr. Lynette HanA:. Hello,.and.welcome.to.our.show ..Our.guest.today.is. Dr ..Lynette.Han,.a.psychologist.who.does.research. into.happiness ..She.spends.a.lot.of.time.studying. people’s.level.of.enjoyment.during.various.activities,. and.she’s.especially.interested.in.something.called. “flow .”.Dr ..Han,.could.you.explain.what.flow.is? B:. Yes,.it’s.a.concept.described.by.a.psychologist.named. Mihaly.Csikszentmihlayi ..He.talks.about.states.of. optimal.experience,.where.people.say.they.experience. feelings.of.deep.concentration.and.enjoyment.during. activities . A:. Can.you.give.us.an.example? B:. Of.course ..Do.you.have.an.activity.that.you.really. enjoy? A:. Well.I.like.a.lot.of.sports.and.I.love.cooking ..
B:. OK,.take.cooking ..Think.about.making.a.meal ..If.you. ever.get.so.absorbed.in.preparing.the.food.that.you.
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P. #602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P. lose.all.awareness.of.time.and.other.things.around. you—when.you.are.concentrating.so.deeply.that.you. completely.forget.all.your.problems—then.you’re. probably.experiencing.flow .. A:. Oh,.I’ve.had.that.happen,.especially.when.I’m.trying.a. new.recipe . B:. Yes,.you’re.more.likely.to.experience.flow.with.a. new.recipe.because.that.challenges.you ..According.to. Dr ..Csikszentmihlayi,.one.of.the.requirements.for.a. state.of.optimal.experience.is.that.the.activity.has.to. be.challenging.and.require.skills ..So,.you.would.use. your.cooking.skills.in.a.new.recipe.and.it.would.be. challenging.because.you.hadn’t.done.it.before ..Other. requirements.are.deep.concentration,.a.merging.of. action.and.awareness,.a.sense.of.control,.clear.goals,. and.immediate.feedback . A:. Are.there.only.certain.types.of.activities.where.this.can. happen,.or.can.it.happen.with.any.activity?. B:. Well,.flow.can.happen.with.a.lot.of.different.activities,. from.reading,.to.playing.chess,.to.rock.climbing;. however,.if.you.look.at.the.requirements.we.just. talked.about,.some.activities.wouldn’t.fit ..Think.of. watching.TV,.for.example ..You.might.concentrate. deeply.on.watching.a.TV.program,.but.there’s.really. no.skill.involved.and.it’s.unlikely.to.be.challenging .. Dr ..Csikszentmihlayi.actually.uses.a.chart.to.show. the.relationship.between.challenge.and.skill.that.is. necessary.for.flow.to.happen ..It.involves.low.levels.of. boredom.and.worry,.and.high.but.balanced.levels.of. skill.and.challenge . A:. OK ..I.was.a.little.surprised.to.see.that.reading.is.an. activity.that.could.create.a.state.of.flow,.but.now. I.understand ..Reading.involves.some.level.of.skill. and.challenge.in.terms.of.understanding.language,. whereas.watching.TV.doesn’t.typically.offer.that . B:. Yes,.that’s.right ..Really.there.are.so.many.activities. that.can.lead.to.flow:.singing,.skiing,.painting,.and.a. lot.of.games.that.we.play . A:. Is.experiencing.flow.the.same.as.feeling.happy?. B:. No,.there’s.definitely.a.difference ..If.you’re.in.a.state. of.flow,.you’re.attention.is.so.focused.that.you.aren’t. even.aware.of.how.you.feel.about.the.situation .. Reflecting.on.whether.you.feel.happy.or.not.would. mean.you.were.out.of.flow ..It’s.only.later,.after.the. state.has.passed,.that.you.can.be.aware.of.the.pleasure. of.that.state ..So,.in.that.way.it’s.different.from.flow .. And.you.can.feel.happy.without.experiencing.flow .. For.example,.sitting.on.a.beach.might.make.you.feel. happy.but.not.necessarily.create.a.state.of.flow . A:. Why.does.all.this.matter?. B:. Well,.I.believe,.as.Dr ..Csikszentmihlayi.does,.that. experiences.of.flow.are.pleasurable.for.people.and. contribute.to.quality.of.life ..So,.if.people.are.more. aware.of.which.experiences.produce.this.state,.they. can.work.toward.including.more.of.them.in.their.lives . A:. Well,.thank.you,.Dr ..Han ..We’re.going.to.take.a.break.
right.now .. .. .. .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 14)
A = Interviewer, B = JuliaA:. OK,.Julia ..Now,.from.your.responses.it.looks.like,. of.the.daily.activities.like.housework.and.driving,. you’ve.rated.driving.as.giving.you.quite.high.levels.of. enjoyment,.motivation,.and.concentration . B:. Yes,.I.was.surprised.when.I.looked.at.my.answers.too ..I. wouldn’t.have.expected.it,.but.now.I.realize.that.driving. is.actually.usually.pleasant.for.me.I.mean,.obviously. not.when.there’s.a.huge.traffic.jam.or.anything,.but. otherwise.I.enjoy.it ..I.concentrate.on.driving,.which. usually.means.that.I.can’t.worry.about.all.my.everyday. concerns.and.problems ..I.have.about.a.half-hour.drive. to.and.from.work,.so.it.allows.me.to.get.ready.for.work. on.the.way.there.and.then.relax.and.wind.down.on.the. way.home ..I’m.by.myself.and.I.usually.listen.to.music.or. interesting.programs.on.the.radio ..So,.I.guess,.all.in.all,. it’s.a.pretty.pleasant.experience.for.me .. A:. Another.activity.with.high.ratings.was.doing.a.hobby .. You.indicate.that.you.play.the.guitar? B:. Yes ..I.was.thinking.of.that.when.I.answered.the. questions ..I.usually.play.the.guitar.at.least.three.times. a.week ..I.play.in.a.group.with.friends,.and.I.play.by. myself,.too ..I.have.to.concentrate.when.I.play,.and. I’m.usually.motivated.too—I.don’t.want.to.make.a.lot. of.mistakes.when.I.play.with.my.friends ..I.just.love. playing ..When.we.get.going.on.a.new.song,.I.just. forget.everything.else.that’s.going.on .. A:. Overall,.doing.housework.didn’t.rate.very.high .. B:. No ..Housework.of.any.kind.isn’t.a.favorite.for.me . B = Leo A:. It.looks.like.working.with.computers.rated.highly.for. you,.Leo ..Do.you.work.with.computers.at.your.job,.or. is.it.a.hobby?. B:. Actually,.both ..I.just.love.computers.so.much.that. there.isn’t.really.that.much.difference.between. work.and.play.for.me.when.it.comes.to.computers .. Computer.programming.is.my.job,.but.I.also.play. a.lot.of.computer.games.when.I’m.not.working ..A. friend.and.I.are.actually.working.on.developing.our. own.game.to.sell ..I.guess.some.people.might.see.that. as.work,.but.for.us.it’s.fun ..We.get.together.and.start. discussing.it.or.working.on.it,.and.we.can.go.for.hours. and.hours.without.stopping ..We.sometimes.stay.up. until.three.or.four.in.the.morning.if.we’re.trying.to. solve.a.problem.or.something .. A:. Well,.speaking.of.friends,.it.also.looks.like.you.rate. socializing.highly.too .. B:. Yes ..It.might.be.a.little.surprising.since.many.people. think.that.people.who.love.computers.don’t.socialize,. but.my.friends.are.really.important.to.me,.and.we.get. together.a.lot ..Of.course,.we.talk.about.computers.an. awful.lot,.but.we.talk.about.other.things,.too ..
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.20 B = Annie A:. OK,.it.seems.like.you.enjoy.really.active.things,. Annie? B:. Yes,.definitely ..I.like.almost.any.kind.sport,.really,.and. I.do.them.as.much.as.possible ..Soccer,.tennis,.running,. whatever .. A:. Do.you.prefer.individual.or.team.sports?
B:. Well,.both,.really ..It.depends.on.the.mood.I’m.in ..I. play.soccer.at.least.once.a.week,.so.that’s.a.team.sport .. But.then,.I.also.run.about.three.times.a.week,.and. that’s.something.I.do.alone ..So.I.guess.it’s.probably. pretty.much.a.mix.of.both . A:. What.about.your.job?.You’ve.rated.it.in.the.middle . B:. Yeah ..I’m.an.elementary.school.teacher,.and.I.like. that,.but.then.I.also.coach.some.school.sports.teams: basketball.and.soccer ..I.get.enjoyment.from.teaching,. but.I.think.I.like.coaching.more . A:. What.about.activities.that.are.less.active?.Do.you. participate.in.any? B:. Not.very.often ..I’m.home.a.few.evenings.a.week,.and. sometimes.I.sit.down.and.watch.TV,.but.it’s.not.all. that.often . B = Robert A:. So,.Robert,.a.lot.of.people.don’t.find.pleasure.in. housework,.but.it.looks.like.you.rate.washing.dishes. pretty.high .. B:. Yes,.I.know.it.might.seem.a.little.strange ..I’m.an. executive.with.a.high-pressure.job ..I’m.busy.all.the. time,.and.I.like.doing.dishes?.But,.it’s.relaxing.for.me,. and.it.often.turns.out.to.be.good.thinking.time ..I’m. surprised.at.how.often.I.come.up.with.solutions.to. problems.while.I’m.washing.dishes ..Then,.it’s.always. satisfying.when.I.finish.and.everything.is.completely. clean . A:. It.looks.like.work—your.job—has.a.medium.rating .. B:. Yes ..As.I.said,.I.have.a.pretty.high-pressure.job ..I.like.
it.and.I’m.good.at.it,.but.it’s.challenging,.and.the. stress.gets.to.me ..So.I’m.usually.really.happy.when. the.weekends.come . A:. And.what.do.you.like.to.do.on.weekends? B:. Well,.I’m.pretty.busy ..I.have.an.old.house.that.I’m. fixing.up ..I’m.doing.all.the.work.myself,.so.there’s. always.something.to.do.on.that ..I.enjoy.bicycling.too,. and.since.I.don’t.have.a.lot.of.time.during.the.week,.I. try.to.ride.a.lot.on.weekends ..
5 Pronunciation
exercise 2 (p. 6) See.underlined.extract.from.the.interview.above.with. Annie .6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 6) See.underlined.extract.from.the.interview.above.with. Robert . Chapter 3Food Science
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 20)
For.many.years,.scientists.have.believed.in.the.“wisdom. of.the.body,”.the.idea.that.our.bodies.know.what.they. need.to.stay.healthy ..So,.by.this.theory,.when.we’re. hungry.for.a.certain.food,.it’s.just.our.bodies.letting.us. know.that.we.need.a.specific.nutrient ..For.example,.you. might.crave.steak.because.you.need.protein . But.this.idea.doesn’t.cover.the.reality.of.our.eating. habits ..So.much.of.what.we.love.to.eat—think.of.cookies. or.French.fries—doesn’t.offer.much.nutrition ..And.many. people.don’t.like.foods.that.offer.lots.of.vitamins—think. of.spinach.or.broccoli ..So,.the.idea.that.eating.only. supports.life.doesn’t.really.offer.a.full.explanation.of.our. eating.patterns .. For.a.long.time,.there.was.a.lot.about.our.eating.habits. that.was.not.fully.understood.by.scientists,.but.in.the. last.few.years,.new.studies.have.given.researchers.more. information . One.discovery.is.that.humans.are.born.loving. sweetness ..On.its.first.day.of.life,.a.newborn.baby.will. prefer.sweetened.drinks.to.unsweetened.ones ..Sugar. can.even.block.out.pain ..Doctors.have.found.that.babies. won’t.mind.the.pain.of.a.needle.for.an.injection.as.much. if.they.are.given.some.sugar.beforehand .. Then.there.are.sour.tastes ..It’s.often.surprising.how. much.young.children.love.sour.flavors ..Think.of.how. many.kinds.of.candy.for.children.with.really.sour. flavors.there.are:.lemon,.sour.apple,.and.so.on ..Candy. companies.must.have.realized.this.a.while.ago,.but.it. was.only.recently.that.science.confirmed.it ..A.study. found.that.children.between.the.ages.of.five.and.nine. years.old.actually.enjoy.the.flavor.of.concentrated.citric. acid,.and.citric.acid.makes.things.sour .. In.contrast,.bitter.flavors.are.mainly.appreciated.by. older.adults ..Children.and.pregnant.women.usually. dislike.bitter.tastes ..This.is.probably.because.bitterness. can.be.a.sign.of.toxicity—that.something.could.be. harmful—which.would.be.more.important.during.times. of.growth.and.development . However,.as.people.get.older,.they.often.develop.more. of.a.taste.for.foods.with.a.little.bitterness ..Scientists. think.this.could.make.sense.because.foods.like.broccoli. or.dark.chocolate—both.of.which.have.a.slightly.bitter. flavor—usually.also.contain.antioxidants.that.help.fight. diseases.like.cancer ..
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.20 #602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2 So.there.are.similarities.in.taste.preferences,.but.then. why.are.our.individual.preferences.so.different?.One. explanation.is.that.our.preferences.are.shaped.by.our. flavor.experiences.at.a.very.early.age,.including.before. we’re.born ..For.example,.one.study.found.that.if.a. pregnant.woman.drank.carrot.juice.late.in.pregnancy,. her.six-month-old.baby.liked.carrot-flavored.cereal.more. than.other.six-month-old.babies .. Another.area.of.difference.involves.food.cravings— intense.and.specific.desires.for.a.certain.food ..Scientists. now.believe.these.are.also.probably.more.related.to. childhood.and.culture.than.to.some.kind.of.biological. need.for.vitamins . A.study.by.psychologists.on.three.continents—in.the. countries.of.Egypt,.Spain,.and.the.United.States— looked.at.cravings.by.both.men.and.women ..Before. the.study,.one.assumption.was.that.women.universally. crave.chocolate,.however,.while.the.study.found.that. women.often.crave.sweeter.food.than.men,.there.were. differences.regarding.chocolate ..In.Spain,.both.men.and. women.were.found.to.crave.chocolate ..But.in.Egypt,. only.six.percent.of.women.named.chocolate.as.a.favorite. food ..So.a.conclusion.is.that.cravings.are.not.universal. or.based.on.biology,.but.are.more.the.result.of.our. cultural.experiences.with.food .. Now.family.and.culture.don’t.explain.all.of.our. individual.differences.in.food.preferences ..Obviously,. there.are.people.who.have.dramatically.different. preferences.from.their.parents ..So.there’s.still.more.to. learn ..Scientists.are.now.paying.a.lot.more.attention.to. the.psychology.of.food.choice ..They.may.find.that.what. we.think.about.food.could.turn.out.to.be.as.important. as.what.we.actually.put.in.our.mouths.and.eat .
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 22)A:. Let’s.go.to.The.Tea.House ..I’d.love.to.have.a.cup.of. tea .
B:. Not.coffee?.I.prefer.drinking.coffee .
A:. No,.I.don’t.feel.like.having.coffee.right.now ..I’d.like.to. have.a.nice.cup.of.tea .
B:. OK ..Where.do.you.want.to.go?.Can.we.go.somewhere. that.has.coffee.too?
A:. Sure ..But,.let’s.not.go.to.Coffee.Corner ..It’s.always. crowded.and.I.can’t.stand.waiting.in.line ..How.about. Zeno’s? B:. Oh.yes,.that’s.a.good.place—if.you.don’t.mind.sitting. at.small.tables . A:. That’s.OK .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 23)
A = Host, B = Roger SabartaA:. Good.morning ..Today.we’re.going.to.talk.about.one. of.my.favorite.topics:.food ..It’s.something.we.can’t. live.without,.yet.we.might.take.it.for.granted.in.some. ways ..Have.you.ever.stopped.to.think.about.how.our. appetites.and.eating.habits.have.changed,.or.for.that. matter,.considered.how.these.habits.might.change.in. the.future?.Our.guest.today.is.Roger.Sabarta,.a.food. scientist.who’s.done.a.lot.of.research.in.these.areas .. Welcome.Mr ..Sabarta .. B:. Thanks.for.having.me .. A:. So.what’s.one.of.the.biggest.changes.in.eating.habits. that.you’ve.found?. B:. Well,.I’d.say.that.the.biggest.change,.and.really.the. one.that.also.has.the.most.implications.for.health.and. things.like.that,.is.the.amount.of.eating.out.that.most. of.us.do.nowadays ..In.1955.the.percentage.of.food. budgets.spent.away.from.home.was.19.percent,.and.in. 1997.it.was.38.percent. .. .. ..and.it.just.keeps.going.up .. A:. I’d.never.really.thought.of.it,.but.of.course,.thinking.of. my.parents.and.how.often.they.were.likely.to.eat.out. compared.to.me.in.my.life,.well,.it’s.a.lot.different . B:. Exactly ..And.then.kids.nowadays.eat.out.even.more. often ..In.the.same.42.years.from.1955.to.1997,.fast.food. consumption.increased.166.percent.for.teenage.boys . A:. One-hundred.and.sixty-six.percent?.Wow!.So.teenage. boys.are.eating.a.lot.more.fast.food.than.they.used.to! B:. Yes,.it’s.really.striking ..Now.think.of.some.of.the. effects.of.this.change.in.habit . A:. I’d.guess.it.probably.isn’t.all.that.healthy . B:. Not.really ..For.example,.there’s.soda.and.soft.drinks. versus.milk ..Twenty.or.25.years.ago,.people— especially.kids—drank.a.lot.more.milk ..Nowadays,. people.drink.about.twice.as.much.soda.as.they.used. to.and.a.lot.less.milk .. A:. And.that’s.because.of.eating.out.so.much?. B:. Yes,.at.least.to.some.extent ..Of.course.there.are.other. factors.contributing.to.this ..The.amount.of.advertising. done.by.the.food.and.drink.industry.goes.up.every. year,.so.that.certainly.has.an.effect.as.well .. A:. Does.your.research.suggest.that.this.trend.will. continue?. B:. Pretty.much.so ..The.strongest.influence.that.we. see.on.this.is.income ..If.people.have.more.income,. they.usually.eat.out.more ..However,.one.factor.that. could.affect.this.is.age ..Older.people.typically.eat. out.less.than.younger.people,.and.since.we.expect. the.population.of.older.people.to.increase,.this.could. result.in.smaller.numbers.for.eating.out .. A:. Unless.of.course.older.people.change.their.habits.and. eat.out.more . B:. Absolutely ..It’s.certainly.possible .. A:. What.else.does.your.research.predict.for.the.future? B:. Well,.a.demand.for.more.variety.in.foods.is.definitely. one.thing ..We’ve.already.seen.this.change.and.we.
Transcripts
2
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.22 expect.it.to.continue ..Just.think.of.the.variety.of.types. of.food.available.in.supermarkets.and.restaurants. these.days . A:. You.mean.like.Mexican.food.or.Chinese.food.and. things.like.that?. B:. Or.Indian.food,.or.Thai.food,.and.so.on .. A:. Hmm,.yes ..There.are.so.many.different.types.of.
restaurants.in.my.area.compared.to.ten.years.ago ..I. assume.this.is.because.of.immigration?. B:. Yes,.that’s.right ..As.new.populations.come.to.the. United.States,.of.course.they.bring.food.traditions.and. preferences,.so.this.definitely.influences.food.trends .. And.these.can.be.positive.influences ..For.example,.the. consumption.of.citrus.fruit.is.expected.to.rise.over.the. next.twenty.years.or.so.because.of.consumers.coming. from.places.where.fruit.is.a.big.part.of.the.diet . A:. Well,.that.would.be.good . B:. Another.aspect.of.this.is.that.people.just.want.variety .. They.may.love.a.special.new.flavor.of.potato.chip,. but.after.a.while,.it.becomes.a.little.boring.and.they. start.looking.for.another.new.flavor ..So.this.will.also. produce.continued.variety.in.food.options .
A:. It.seems.like.we.already.see.this.a.lot ..There’s.one. flavor.of.something.and.then.they.have.to.make.lots.of. different.flavors .. B:. Yes,.that’s.right . A:. Were.there.any.surprises.in.your.predictions? B:. Well,.I.was.a.little.surprised.that.we.expect.people. to.want.quality.more.than.quantity.in.the.future .. You.know.everyone.seems.to.want.quantity.right. now—larger.hamburgers,.more.French.fries,.and.so. on—but.our.analysis.suggests.that.this.will.change,. that.people.will.ask.for.more.quality ..For.example,. they.might.want.a.special.type.of.meat,.rather.than. just.a.hamburger.and.things.like.that .
A:. Yes,.that.is.a.little.surprising ..Well,.we.have.to.stop. here ..Thank.you.very.much,.Mr ..Sabarta .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 25) A = Interviewer, B = Interviewee A:. So.how.would.you.say.your.eating.habits.have. changed.in.the.past.year? B:. Hmm,.Let.me.think,.Well,.I’ve.been.trying.to.eat. healthier.foods,.so.I’ve.been.eating.more.fruits.and. vegetables ..But.I. .. .. ..I.have.to.eat.out. .. .. ..eat.out.a.lot. for.work,.so.it’s.sometimes.a.little.hard . A:. Is.there.anything.else.that’s.changed? B:. Let’s.see ..I.gave.up.eating.chocolate.for.a.while,.but,. well,.I.still.do.eat.it.occasionally . Chapter 4Visual Art
2 Listening Practice
B Focus on the Listening Skill (p. 28)
A = Host, B = Sandra EllisA:. Today.we’re.going.to.take.a.look.at.the.latest.hot.trend. among.art.collectors:.Aboriginal.art.from.Australia .. My.guest.today.is.Sandra.Ellis,.who.is.the.owner.and. curator.of.the.Pine.Lake.Museum.of.Aboriginal.Art .. Welcome.to.the.program . B:. Thank.you . A:. Firstly,.why.do.you.think.Aboriginal.art.has.become.so. popular? B:. Well,.one.reason.is.that.it’s.very.old ..The.Aboriginal. people. .. .. ..they’re.the.original.native.Australians .. They.live.far.from.civilization,.and.they’ve.had.very. little.contact.with.outsiders,.so.they’ve.maintained. their.culture—and.their.art—for.generations ..You.can. go.to.remote.areas.in.Australia.and.see.rock.carvings. that.date.back.at.least.thirty. .. .. ..30,000.years ..And.you. can.look.at.the.paintings.today.and.these.are.done.by. the.direct.descendants.of.the.prehistoric.people ..And. you’ll.see.the.same.images,.the.same.symbols.used.in. the.art.today ..They’ve.survived.for.thousands.of.years . A:. I.understand.the.art.is.connected.to.the.belief.system. of.the.people.in.some.way . B:. Yes ..To.understand.the.art,.you.need.to.know.a.little. bit.about.the.beliefs.of.the.Aboriginal.people ..All.of.the. paintings.refer.to.what.they.call.“The.Dream.Time .” A:. And.what.is.that? B:. The.Dream.Time.refers.to.the.time.when—according. to.the.Aboriginal.people—the.world.was.created. and.mythical.figures,.spirits.and.animals,.wandered. around.the.Earth ..The.people.have.stories.about.these. figures.and.what.they.did ..They.didn’t.have.a.written. language,.so.the.stories.were.passed.down.from. generation.to.generation,.and.the.old.people.used. the.art.as.a.way.of.telling.the.stories.to.the.younger. people ..That’s.why.most.of.the.artists.are.older.people ... They’ve.memorized.the.stories ..Through.the.art,.the. people.kept.the.stories.alive .. A:. What.does.a.typical.Aboriginal.painting.look.like? B:. Well,.you.have.different.local.styles,.but.what.you. generally.see.is.lots.of. .. .. ..lots.of.lines.and.dots.and. circles ..So.the.effect.is.quite.abstract.and.usually.quite. colorful ..But.you’ll.notice.shapes.and.symbols.that. recur.again.and.again ..For.example,.there’s.a.snake,. which.may.represent.water,.or.a.river.snaking.through. the.desert ..Other.figures.might.represent.animals.or. people ..Some.paintings.work.almost.like.maps:.they. show.a.particular.place,.with.water.holes,.and.hills,. and.camps.even ..These.kinds.of.paintings.are.about.a. Dream.Time.story.that.happened.in.a.particular.place,. but.some.of.them.also.give.information.about.the.place,. like.the.locations.of.water.holes,.and.trails,.and.so.on .
