2118.1-1999

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Australian Standard

™

Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 1: General requirements

AS 2 1 1 8 .1 Bu ild in g Co d e o f A u st ral ia Pr im a ry r e fe re n c e d Sta n d a rd Accessed by TRANQUANG on 09 Oct 2006

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The following interests are represented on Committee FP/4: Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

Australasian Fire Authorities Council Australian Building Codes Board

Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Industry Group

Department of Defence (Australia) FPA Australia

Institution of Engineers Australia Insurance Council of Australia Property Council of Australia

Additional interests participating in preparation of Standard: Testing interests (Australia)

Keeping Standards up-to-date

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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 98555. A1

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Australian Standard

™

Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 1: General requirements

Originated as AS CA16—1939. Previous edition AS 2118—1982.

Revised and redesignated in part as AS 2118.1—1999. Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (June 2000).

COPYRIGHT

All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher.

Published by Standards Australia International Ltd PO Box 1055, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia

ISBN 0 7337 3021 3

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PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee FP/4, Automatic Sprinkler Installations, to supersede AS 2118.1 —1995, Automatic fire sprinkler systems, Part 1: Standard.

This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (June 2000). The changes required by the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure, or part thereof affected.

The objective of this edition is to include changes that reflect recent advances in technology and to refine the content for clarity and conciseness.

Significant changes have been made to Section 3 concerning exposure protection, and to Section 5 relating to protection of concealed spaces. Sections 10, 11 and 12, in respect to hydraulic calculation methods, have also received attention. Section 9, Light hazard class systems, has been entirely rewritten to include more useable and up-to-date parameters for the design of this class of system. The definitions clauses have been enlarged and the informative text for occupancy classification is set out in an appendix.

The revision to the AS 2118 suite of Standards has included Standards Australia’s requirements to keep product and installation Standards separate. The series comprises the following:

AS

2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems 2118.1 Part 1: General requirements

2118.2 Part 2: Wall wetting sprinklers (Drenchers)

2118.3 Part 3: Deluge

2118.4 Part 4: Residential

2118.5 Part 5: Domestic

2118.6 Part 6: Combined sprinkler and hydrant 2118.8 Part 8: Minor modifications

2118.9 Part 9: Piping support and installation 2118.10 Part 10: Approval documentation 4118 Fire sprinkler systems

4118.1.1 Part 1.1: Components —Sprinklers and sprayers 4118.1.2 Part 1.2: Components—Alarm valves (wet) 4118.1.3 Part 1.3: Components—Water motor alarms 4118.1.4 Part 1.4: Components—Valve monitors

4118.1.5 Part 1.5: Components—Deluge and pre-action valves 4118.1.6 Part 1.6: Components—Stop valves and non-return valves 4118.1.7 Part 1.7: Components—Alarm valves (dry)

4118.1.8 Part 1.8: Components—Pressure reducing valves 4118.1.9 Part 1.9: Components—Accelerators and exhausters 4118.2.1 Part 2.1: Piping—General

The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.

This Standard incorporates commentary on some of the clauses. The commentary directly follows the relevant clause, is designated by ‘C’ preceding the clause number and is printed in italics in a box. The commentary is for information only and does not need to be followed for compliance with the Standard.

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FOREWORD

Automatic fire sprinkler systems provide an important level of fire protection to a building structure. Additionally, automatic fire sprinklers provide an important level of protection for the occupants of a building together with protection to the environment by minimizing the effects that a major structural fire could have. Sprinklers also safeguard against loss of plant, machinery, equipment and building contents generally as well as protecting a business by providing against loss of continuity of business operations. Sprinklers also conserve water during fire-fighting operations.

In modern buildings and indeed with older buildings that are being upgraded to meet the latest requirements in fire safety, there is need to consider other systems that impact on the function and operation of a sprinkler system. Other systems that can either interface with the sprinkler system, or be integrated in it, are automatic heat and smoke detectors, emergency warning and intercommunication systems and smoke control and air-handling systems. Hence, when designing sprinkler systems, it will be necessary to consider the interaction of sprinkler systems with other building fire safety systems in order to maximize protection and provide an optimal approach for the overall objectives of fire safety.

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STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard

Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 1: General requirements

S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L

1.1 SCOPE

This Standard specifies requirements for the design and installation of automatic fire sprinkler systems in buildings. It also provides for occupancy classification.

NOTE: See Appendix A for details of occupancy classification.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this Standard is to provide designers and installers with minimum requirements for the design and installation of automatic fire sprinkler systems.

1.3 APPLICATION

This Standard is referenced in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) by way of BCA Amendment No. 6 published on 1 January 2000, and supersedes the previous edition of AS 2118.1— 1995, which will be withdrawn 12 months from the date of publication of this edition.

1.4 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS

Any alternative materials, designs, methods of assembly, procedures, and similar, that do not comply with the specific requirements of this Standard, or are not mentioned in it, but that give equivalent results to those specified, are not necessarily prohibited.

1.5 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The documents referred to in this Standard are listed in Appendix B. 1.6 DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Standard the definitions given in AS 2484.1, AS 2484.2, AS/NZ 3500.0 and those below apply.

1.6.1 Alarm signalling equipment (ASE) Equipment complying with AS 4428.6. 1.6.2 Alarm valve

A non-return valve which allows the water to enter the installation and operate the alarms when the installation pressure falls below the water supply pressure.

1.6.3 Assumed area of operation

An area containing the maximum number of sprinklers considered likely to operate when involved in a fire. The assumed area of operation is different in each hazard class.

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1.6.4 Building owner

The owner of a building or the authorized representative of the owner. 1.6.5 Compartment

A space that is completely enclosed by walls and a ceiling. The walls of the compartment enclosure may have openings to an adjoining space, provided there is a minimum depth of 200 mm from the ceiling to the top of the opening.

1.6.6 Effective height

The height of the floor of the topmost storey (excluding the topmost storey if it contains only heating, ventilating, lift or other equipment, water tanks or similar service units) from the floor of the lowest storey providing egress to a road or open space.

1.6.7 Encapsulated

Completely enclosed by a plastic sheet on the sides and top as applicable to pallet loads of goods or packages. Individual cartons enclosed on the top and sides with plastic and cartons waterproofed by coatings on the exterior surface are also considered to be encapsulated. 1.6.8 Fire and draught stop

A partition or bulkhead, extending from end to end and top to bottom of a concealed space, installed to delay the spread of fire and constructed from imperforate materials which are non-shatterable under fire conditions.

NOTES:

1 Examples of acceptable fire and draught stops include the following:

(a) Structural features such as a reinforced beam or steel joist extending to or through the ceiling, and a brick wall extended up through the ceiling to the floor above.

(b) A purpose-built partition mounted on wood or steel framework, constructed of 10 mm gypsum board, 0.6 mm sheet steel or 7 mm high-density tempered hardboard.

2 Only the following apertures are permitted:

(a) Openings for the passage of individual pipes, conduits and airconditioning ducts, provided that such openings are reasonably close fitting.

(b) Openings not exceeding 2 m in width for the passage of groups of pipes, conduits and airconditioning ducts, protected by a ‘cut-off’ sprinkler or sprinklers as required to provide full protection to such openings.

1.6.9 Installation

The portion of a sprinkler system downstream from and inclusive of a control assembly. 1.6.10 Listed

Sprinkler equipment or materials demonstrated to meet appropriate standards or which have been tested in a specified manner and found suitable for use.

NOTE: Various organizations produce lists of equipment suitable for use in fire sprinkler systems. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary with each organization concerned with product evaluation. Some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labelled. For identifying and nominating a product as listed, reference should be made to the method used by the organization that has listed the equipment

1.6.11 Monitoring service

A constantly attended remote controlling station which receives fire alarm signals and transfers the signals to a firefighting service via a permanently connected telecommunications link.

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1.6.12 Multiple controls

Heat-sensitive sealed valves that control single or multiple outlets using either glass bulbs, or soldered links or levers, as the heat-sensitive device.

1.6.13 Net positive suction head (NPSH)

The total inlet head, plus the head corresponding to the atmospheric pressure, minus the head corresponding to the vapour pressure. NPSH, as well as inlet total head, is referred to the reference plane. It is necessary to make a distinction between —

(a) required net positive suction head (NPSHR)— a function of pump design, which may be obtained from the pump manufacturer; and

(b) available net positive suction head (NPSHA)— a function of the system in which the pump operates, which can be calculated for any installation.

1.6.14 Open joists and exposed common rafters

A series of members (including purlins) spaced not more than 600 mm apart, measured from centre to centre of members.

1.6.15 Post or box pallet

Solid or mesh box with the open face uppermost, designed to be stacked one upon the other in a self-supporting manner.

1.6.16 Relevant authority

An independent agency authorized by legislation or regulation to issue determinations, orders, or other instructions in respect of any subject covered by this Standard.

NOTE: Where adoption of this Standard is not a requirement of a relevant authority but is a requirement of a body such as an insurance company or association, then that body, or its nominees, may perform the functions of the relevant authority for the purposes of this Standard.

1.6.17 Special sprinkler

A listed sprinkler other than those specified in AS 4118.1.1 (see also Clause 6.2.2). Special sprinklers are as follows:

(a) Extended coverage sprinkler (EC) A type of spray sprinkler with a higher pressure requirement and a modified deflector specifically developed to achieve an extended maximum protected area.

(b) Large drop sprinkler (LD) A type of sprinkler that is capable of producing large water droplets, enabling better penetration of the fire plume and improved ability to control fires in specific high challenge risks.

(c) Early suppression fast response sprinkler (ESFR) A type of fast response sprinkler developed to provide fire suppression in high challenge fire risks which, in many instances, eliminates the need for in-rack protection. This sprinkler has special design requirements and limitations in respect to the building structure and the system application.

(d) Residential sprinkler (RES) A type of fast response sprinkler, developed for the type of fire hazards found in dwellings, with spray patterns and discharge rates specifically designed for life safety applications.

(e) Extra large orifice sprinkler (ELO) A type of spray sprinkler used for high density applications such as the protection of high-piled storage where greater flows are achieved than with the standard 20 mm sprinkler at the same pressure.

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(f) Enlarged orifice sprinkler (EO) A sprinkler having a nominal 20 mm diameter orifice and a nominal 15 mm shank fitted with a metal rod extension (pintle), which is used for upgrading the density requirements of existing ordinary hazard installations, (see Clause 3.2 in AS 4118.1.1).

1.6.18 Special sprinkler system

A system utilizing either in total, or in part, sprinkler types other than those listed in AS 4118.1.1 (see also Clauses 2.3.3 and 6.2.2).

1.6.19 Sprayers

Special purpose nozzles for use in water spray systems with capabilities of extinguishment, containment or control of fires involving hazards such as flammable liquids.

C1.6.19 Sprayers generally are of two basic types, medium velocity and high velocity.

Medium velocity sprayers are either open or sealed with a heat responsive element, producing a fine droplet spray with a limited distance of direct impingement. They are designed for the extinguishment, containment or control of fires involving low flashpoint liquids as well as for cooling protected (adjacent) areas exposed to fire. High velocity sprayers are open type producing a large droplet with high momentum and have a direct impingement distance of up to 5 m. High velocity sprayers are designed for extinguishment, containment and control of fires involving high flashpoint liquids, principally by the emulsification of the burning fuel surface.

1.6.20 Sprinkler-protected area

An area of a building equipped with a sprinkler system installed in accordance with this Standard, and separated from non-sprinkler protected areas in accordance with this Standard.

1.6.21 Sprinkler-protected building

A building equipped throughout with a sprinkler system installed in accordance with this Standard.

1.6.22 Sprinkler system

A system comprising components such as valves, alarms, pipework, sprinklers and water supplies designed to control a developing fire. Sprinkler systems may be either standard systems or special systems, and may be arranged to operate as one or a combination of the following:

(a) Wet system A system permanently charged with water both above and below the installation alarm valve (wet) (see Clause 8.7.1).

(b) Alternate wet and dry system A system that incorporates either a composite alarm valve, or a combination valve set comprising an alarm valve (wet) and an alarm valve (dry).

(c) Dry system A system permanently charged with air or inert gas under pressure, above the alarm valve (dry) and with water below.

(d) Pre-action system A combination of a sprinkler system and an independent system of heat or smoke detectors installed in the same area as the sprinklers. A heat or smoke detector operates prior to the sprinklers, allowing the pre-action valve to open and water to flow into the sprinkler piping, before the first sprinkler starts to operate. (e) Recycling pre-action system A system with heat detectors and incorporating a

pre-action flow control valve capable of repeated on/off cycles appropriate to the possible redevelopment of fire in the protected area. The cycling occurs as a result of heat detector operation which, as an electric interlock, causes the pre-action flow control valve to open and close.

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(f) Deluge system A system of open sprinklers controlled by a quick-opening valve (deluge valve) which is operated by a system of listed heat detectors or sprinklers installed in the same areas as the open sprinklers (see AS 2118.3).

(g) Tail-end system A system essentially similar to dry, alternate wet and dry, pre-action and deluge systems, with the limitation that it only forms an extension to the sprinkler system.

1.6.23 Standard sprinkler system

A system utilizing sprinkler types as listed in AS 4118.1 (see also Clause 6.2.1). 1.6.24 Standard sprinkler

A sprinkler conforming to the thread sizes, deflector type and K factors specified in AS 4118.1 (see also Clause 6.2.1).

Standard sprinklers are as follows:

(a) Conventional sprinkler A sprinkler designed to produce a spherical type of discharge with a proportion of water being thrown upwards to the ceiling. A conventional sprinkler is usually designed with a universal type deflector enabling the sprinkler to be used in either the upright or pendent position. Some conventional sprinklers are, however, made in two types: one suitable for use in the upright position and the other for use in the pendent position.

(b) Spray sprinkler A sprinkler designed to produce a parabolic discharge below the plane of the deflector with little or no water being discharged upwards to wet the ceiling. A spray sprinkler is made in two types: one suitable for use in the upright position and the other for use in the pendent position.

(c) Flush sprinkler A sprinkler designed for use with concealed piping where it is required, for reasons of appearance, to make the sprinklers inconspicuous. A flush sprinkler is installed pendent, with the base flush to the ceiling, but has an exposed heat responsive element and retracted deflectors which drop down to the normal position on actuation. Flush sprinklers are normally used in hotel lobbies, dining rooms, offices, boardrooms and parts of retail stores. Flush sprinklers are not suitable for use in atmospheres that are corrosive or subject to a high dust content. Flush sprinklers utilizing chains to locate the deflector are only suitable for use with level ceilings unless specifically listed otherwise.

(d) Recessed sprinkler A sprinkler comprising a spray sprinkler provided with a separate escutcheon housing, usually two-piece adjustable, where part of the sprinkler yoke and heat responsive element are mounted within the recessed housing.

NOTE: Escutcheon housings are used with the spray sprinkler to ensure that the response time of the heat responsive element is not unduly impeded and that the discharge spray pattern is not obstructed.

(e) Concealed sprinkler A sprinkler comprising a spray sprinkler that is fully recessed in a concealed housing and fitted with a cover plate assembly designed to release at or before the operating temperature of the sprinkler. Concealed sprinklers provide the same unobtrusive appearance as flush sprinklers.

(f) Sidewall sprinkler A sprinkler designed for installation along the walls of a room close to the ceiling. A sidewall sprinkler provides a one-sided (half-paraboloid) discharge pattern directed outwards with a small proportion discharging on the wall behind the sprinkler. Sidewall pattern sprinklers are not normally a substitute for conventional or spray pattern sprinklers and their use is limited to such locations as offices, entrance halls, lobbies and corridors.

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A sidewall sprinkler may be used with advantage in drying tunnels and hoods over papermaking machines where condensate dripping from sprinklers and pipework at the ceiling could be troublesome and also in certain other locations such as shop windows and under platforms having low headroom where sprinklers would be subject to damage.

(g) Dry pendent and dry sidewall sprinkler A sprinkler designed for use in portions of premises protected by a dry or an alternate wet and dry system where it is not practicable to install sprinklers in the upright position, or on a wet system where the sprinklers may be subject to frost. Dry pendent and dry sidewall sprinklers are designed having either conventional or pendent spray type deflectors. Dry pendent and dry sidewall sprinklers are manufactured integral with drop pipes of varying lengths, the valve being so placed that there is no pocket or depression where water can be trapped.

(h) Dry upright sprinkler A sprinkler essentially the same as the dry pendent types except that an upright type deflector is incorporated. A dry upright sprinkler is designed for use in wet systems for the protection of concealed spaces subject to freezing.

(i) Fast response sprinkler A sprinkler that has a high level of thermal sensitivity which enables it to respond at an early stage of fire development. See AS 4118.1.1 for the thermal characteristics of fast response sprinklers.

C1.6.24(i) The life safety aspects of a sprinkler system are improved by using fast

response sprinklers. Fast response and quick response are synonymous terms.

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S E C T I O N 2 C L A S S I F I C A T I O N O F

S P R I N K L E R S Y S T E M S A N D D E S I G N D A T A

2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

Sprinkler systems shall be classified on the basis of the hazard classes of occupancy and shall be designated accordingly; namely, Light Hazard, Ordinary Hazard and High Hazard. 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCIES

Occupancy classifications for sprinklers system design shall be determined having regard to the expected rate of heat release within a building compartment together with the fuel loading and burning characteristics of materials within that compartment. The quantity and combustibility of contents, the total potential for energy release, the height of stockpiles and the presence of flammable and combustible liquids shall also be taken into consideration.

NOTE: A guide to typical occupancy classifications is included in Appendix A. Occupancy classifications are as follows:

(a) Light Hazard occupancies. (b) Ordinary Hazard occupancies —

(i) Ordinary Hazard 1; (ii) Ordinary Hazard 2; (iii) Ordinary Hazard 3; and (iv) Ordinary Hazard special. (c) High Hazard occupancies:

(i) High Hazard — process risks;

(ii) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks —

(A) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks—Category 1. (B) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks—Category 2. (C) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks—Category 3. (D) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks—Category 4. (iii) Storage risks requiring special consideration.

2.3 TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS 2.3.1 General

Sprinkler systems are either—

(a) standard sprinkler systems (see Clause 1.6.23); or (b) special sprinkler systems (see Clause 1.6.18). A1

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2.3.2 Standard sprinkler system 2.3.2.1 General requirements

A standard sprinkler system as defined in Clause 1.6.23 shall be arranged to operate as one or a combination of the following:

(a) wet system.

(b) alternate wet and dry system. (c) dry system.

(d) pre-action system.

(e) recycling pre-action system. (f) deluge system.

(g) tail-end system.

Standard sprinklers systems shall comply with the requirements set out in Clauses 2.3.2.2 to 2.3.2.10, as applicable.

2.3.2.2 Wet systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

Wet systems shall not be installed in premises where there is danger, at any time, of the water in the pipes freezing.

Wet systems shall be so designed that the maximum floor area, excluding concealed spaces but including mezzanine floor areas, controlled by one control, including tail-end extensions ( see Clause 2.3.2.8) does not exceed the following:

(a) 9000 m2 for light and Ordinary Hazard installations.

(b) 8000 m2 for High Hazard installations. However, where roof protection only is provided in accordance with Table 11.1.3.2(B), the area of storage, including aisles, protected by one installation shall not exceed 6000 m2.

(c) Where single installations protect High Hazard areas, with roof protection only provided in accordance with Table 11.1.3.2(B), and the area of pallet racking including aisles is less than 1000 m2, the total installation area may be extended to 8000 m2.

(d) Where single installations protect both High Hazard areas and Ordinary or Light Hazard areas, the High Hazard area shall not exceed the floor area limitations specified for that hazard and the total area shall not exceed 9000 m2.

(e) Where single installations control intermediate level sprinklers in storage racks, the floor area occupied by the racks (including aisles) shall not exceed 4000 m2.

2.3.2.3 Alternate wet and dry systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

An alternate wet and dry sprinkler system shall incorporate either a composite alarm valve (see Clause 8.7.3) or a combination set comprising an alarm valve (wet) and an alarm valve (dry) (see Clauses 8.7.1 and 8.7.2). During winter months, the installation piping above the composite alarm valve, or alarm valve (dry) shall be charged with air and the remainder of the system, below the valve, shall be charged with water and, at other times, the system shall operate as a wet system as described in Clause 2.3.2.2.

Sprinklers in alternate wet and dry systems shall be installed in the upright position, above the line of pipe. An exception is allowed where listed dry pendent sprinklers (see Clause 1.6.24(g)) are installed or where sprinklers have an anti-freezing device incorporated therein.

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Alternate wet and dry systems shall be so designed that the maximum floor area, including mezzanine floor areas, controlled by one control assembly, including tail-end extensions (see Clauses 2.3.2.8 and 2.3.2.9), does not exceed the following:

(a) Where an accelerator or exhauster is used —

(i) 37002 for Ordinary and Light Hazard systems; and (ii) 2100 m2 for High Hazard systems.

(b) Where an accelerator or exhauster is not used —

(i) 2500 m2 for Ordinary and Light Hazard systems; and (ii) 1400 m2 for High Hazard systems.

2.3.2.4 Dry systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

A dry sprinkler system shall be permanently charged with air or inert gas under pressure above the alarm valve (dry) and with water below the valve.

Dry systems shall only be installed in buildings where the temperature conditions are maintained close to or below freezing, such as in cool stores, or fur vaults, or where the temperature is maintained above 70°C such as in drying ovens (see Clause 5.16.4).

The floor area controlled by one control assembly in a dry system shall not exceed that prescribed in Clause 2.3.2.3 for alternate wet and dry systems.

In dry systems, piping shall be arranged with slope for drainage (see Clause 7.5). Standard sprinklers shall only be installed in the upright position above the line of the pipe.

2.3.2.5 Pre-action systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

The sprinkler system piping shall be charged with air or inert gas under pressure and shall be monitored so that an alarm is given on reduction of pressure. The pre-action alarm valve controlling the water supply shall be operated—

(a) solely by the system of detectors to allow the sprinkler piping to become charged with water;

(b) by the system of detectors, or independently by the operation of a sprinkler releasing the air from the sprinkler piping, whereby the operation of the sprinkler system shall not be affected by any failure in the detector system; or

(c) by both the system of detectors and the operation of a sprinkler releasing the air from the sprinkler piping.

In each case the detection system shall automatically initiate an alarm.

The heat or smoke detection system shall operate a continuously energized valve or trip mechanism to release the pre-action alarm valve when the valve or trip mechanism becomes de-energized.

The floor area controlled by one control assembly in a pre-action system shall not exceed that prescribed in Clause 2.3.2.2 for wet systems.

Where the piping could be subject to freezing, it shall be arranged with slope for drainage (see Clause 7.5) and standard sprinklers shall be installed in the upright position above the line of pipe.

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C2.3.2.5

(a) The system only becomes a wet system, following the operation of the detector system, the objective being to prevent a discharge of water from piping or sprinklers that may have suffered mechanical damage.

(b) The object of this configuration being to facilitate an earlier discharge of water from sprinklers on an otherwise dry system.

(c) This configuration offers the greatest safeguard against inadvertent water discharge by requiring that both the system of detectors and the sprinkler installation are activated before water is admitted to the installation piping.

2.3.2.6 Recycling pre-action systems

Re-closing the flow control valve shall be delayed for a period of 5 min, by means of an automatic timer, as a safety measure. Should the fire rekindle and re-actuate the heat detectors, the flow control valve shall reopen immediately and water shall again flow from the open sprinklers.

The floor area controlled by one control assembly in a recycling pre-action system shall not exceed that prescribed in Clause 2.3.2.2 for wet systems.

Where the piping is subject to freezing, it shall be arranged with slope for drainage (see Clause 7.5) and standard sprinklers shall be installed in the upright position above the line of pipe.

The installation and spacing of heat or smoke detectors in recycling pre-action systems shall comply with the requirements of AS 1670.1.

2.3.2.7 Deluge systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

Deluge systems shall be in accordance with AS 2118.3.

C2.3.2.7 Deluge systems are designed primarily for Special Hazards such as those

listed as High Hazard in Clause 2.2, where any fire could be anticipated to be intense and with a fast rate of propagation. In these circumstances, it is desirable to apply water simultaneously over a complete zone in which a fire may originate by admitting water to open sprinklers or to medium or high velocity sprayers.

2.3.2.8 Tail-end systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

Tail-end systems shall be comparatively small in extent and shall form extensions to sprinkler systems. Tail-end systems are subject to limitations and variations set out in Clauses 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10.

2.3.2.9 Limitations and specific requirements for tail-end systems

The following limitations and specific requirements shall apply for tail-end installations: (a) The total area of tail-end systems on one wet installation shall not exceed 2500 m2.

Any one tail-end system shall not exceed 1000 m2.

(b) The subsidiary stop valve shall be monitored in accordance with Clause 3.4. (c) Suitable drainage shall be provided.

(d) Tail-end systems connected to dry and alternate wet and dry installation shall be limited to dry systems.

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2.3.2.10 Tail-end anti-freezing solution systems

The following requirements shall apply for tail-end systems incorporating anti-freezing solutions:

(a) Piping within the area subject to freezing shall be filled with anti-freezing solution and shall be arranged so as to prevent diffusion of water into that area.

(b) Anti-freezing solutions shall have a freezing point of not less than 10°C below the minimum temperature possible in the area subject to freezing.

(c) The area covered by any tail-end anti-freezing solution system shall not exceed 250 m2.

(d) The piping shall be arranged so that the interface between the anti-freezing solution and the water in the wet system is lower than the point of connection to the wet system.

(e) The following valves and fittings shall be incorporated in the piping (see Figure 2.3.2.10 and Figure 4.3.1 for symbols):

(i) A subsidiary stop valve monitored in accordance with Clause 3.4. (ii) A drain valve.

(iii) An upper test valve, not more than 350 mm nor less than 250 mm below the filling connection in the wet system.

(iv) A lower test valve, not less than 1.2 m below the upper test valve. (v) A filling connection.

(vi) A non-return valve. The disc of the non-return valve shall have a 1 mm hole to allow for expansion of the solution during a temperature rise and thus prevent damage to sprinklers. All valves in the system piping shall be metal-faced. NOTE: These systems are suitable for use in small coolrooms and freezing chambers and other areas such as loading docks and outhouses in localities subject to freezing conditions.

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES

FIGURE 2.3.2.10 ARRANGEMENT OF SUPPLY PIPING AND VALVES, TAIL-END ANTI-FREEZING SOLUTION SYSTEM

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2.3.3 Special sprinkler systems 2.3.3.1 General requirements

A special sprinkler system, as defined in Clause 1.6.18, shall be arranged to operate as one or a combination of the following:

(a) Wet system.

(b) Alternate wet and dry system. (c) Dry system.

(d) Pre-action system.

(e) Recycling pre-action system. (f) Tail-end system.

A special sprinkler system shall comply with the requirements set out in Clauses 2.3.2.2 to 2.3.2.10 and Clauses 2.3.3.2 to 2.3.3.4.

2.3.3.2 Specific requirements

Special sprinkler systems shall be installed in accordance with the spacing, location, maximum and minimum pressure limitations, and other requirements set out in—

(a) the listing for the specific component;

(b) the manufacturer’s published data sheets, and (c) the codes and Standards referenced therein.

The critical design and installation requirements for special sprinkler systems are those that directly affect the performance of the sprinklers and shall apply only to that part of each system downstream of the control assembly. Other issues, such as the maximum floor area controlled by one control assembly, alarm and monitoring systems, valving, pipe materials, hangers, bracing, and the like, shall conform to the requirements of this Standard.

All aspects relating to the design and installation of water supplies shall be in accordance with this Standard, with the following exceptions:

(i) For ESFR sprinkler systems, a duration of not less than 60 min shall apply.

(ii) Where a water supply duration in excess of 90 min is a requirement of the manufacturer’s data sheets or the codes and Standards referenced therein, that duration shall apply.

(iii) Where a water supply duration in excess of 90 min is a requirement of Factory Mutual Data Sheets nominated in this Standard as the basis for compliance, that duration shall apply.

The maximum area covered by a special sprinkler installation shall be in accordance with Clauses 2.3.2.2 and 2.3.2.10.

C2.3.3.2 The design principles and operating characteristics of special sprinkler

systems are often significantly different from those applicable to standard sprinkler systems. The special sprinkler may be unable to cope with some of the building features, occupancies, storage arrangements, and the like, which are commonly acceptable for standard sprinkler systems. Therefore, it is essential that the limitations of special sprinklers and special sprinkler systems be thoroughly understood and applied without exception. A1 A1 A1 Accessed by TRANQUANG on 09 Oct 2006

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2.3.3.3 ESFR sprinkler system

ESFR sprinkler systems (see Clause 1.6.17(c)) shall be wet systems, and shall be designed in accordance with this Section, and shall only be used for nominated high-piled storage risks.

Occupancy classification and the commodities to be protected by ESFR sprinkler systems shall be in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 13 —1999, and restricted to those in the current Factory Mutual Loss Prevention Data (Data Sheets 2–2 and 8–9) or the UL listing for the particular sprinkler, as appropriate.

C2.3.3.3 ESFR sprinkler systems are designed exclusively to suppress high-challenge,

high-piled storage risk warehouse fires. In many instances, in-rack sprinklers can be reduced or eliminated. The system is expected to discharge a large volume of water at a high speed, directly onto a fire to suppress the fire before it develops. ESFR sprinklers are quick-acting high-performance sprinklers which have the capability of extinguishing fires within designated risks. There is no room for error in the design and installation of ESFR sprinkler systems; the design principles and the operating characteristics are significantly different from standard sprinkler protection. ESFR sprinkler systems may be unable to cope with adverse design features which may be acceptable when installing standard sprinkler protection.

2.3.3.4 Special systems incorporating residential sprinklers

Residential sprinklers are permitted to be installed in wet pipe sprinkler systems conforming to this Standard, subject to the following:

(a) They shall be installed in sole occupancy units and their adjoining corridors in residential portions of buildings.

(b) They shall be installed in strict accordance with their specified approval listing and positioning requirements.

(c) Sprinkler performance shall be in accordance with minimum and maximum pressure and flow rate limitations indicated in individual residential sprinkler listings. The design number of sprinklers assumed to be in operation shall include the hydraulically most unfavourable four sprinklers.

(d) Special sprinkler systems incorporating residential sprinklers shall be designed such that the maximum floor area, excluding concealed spaces but including mezzanine floor areas, controlled by one control assembly, does not exceed 9000 m2.

(e) Permitted exceptions shall be in accordance with Clause 3.1.3.

C2.3.3.4 Standard sprinkler systems that permit the inclusion of residential sprinklers

are designated as special sprinkler systems. Where residential occupancies occur, smoke alarms complying with AS 3786, should be installed in accordance with AS 1670.6, in addition to sprinkler protection.

2.3.3.5 Hydraulic calculation

Special sprinkler system designs shall utilize hydraulic calculation procedures.

All sprinklers installed in a compartment shall be of the same category of heat response; that is, either fast, special or standard response.

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2.4 DESIGN DATA

Each standard sprinkler system shall be hydraulically designed in accordance with the relevant hazard class to provide an appropriate density of discharge over an assumed area of operation.

The design densities of discharge and the assumed area of operation for Ordinary and High Hazard class systems shall be as specified in Table 2.4. For Light Hazard performance requirements see Section 9. For specific details of High Hazard design data see Clauses 11.1.2 and 11.1.3.

TABLE 2.4

DESIGN DENSITIES OF DISCHARGE AND ASSUMED AREAS OF OPERATION OF STANDARD SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Hazard class Design density of discharge, mm/min*

Assumed area of operation, m2

Light See Section 9 See Section 9

Ordinary— 1 2 3 Special 5† 5† 5† 5† 72 144 216 360 High — Process risks

High pile storage risks

7.5 to 12.5 7.5 to 30

260 260 or 300 * Where systems are installed using special sprinklers, density of discharge is not

always a criterion

† Provision is made for the density to be increased for certain areas by specifying closer spacing of sprinklers (see Clause 10.3.1).

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S E C T I O N 3 I N S T A L L A T I O N

3.1 SPRINKLER-PROTECTED BUILDINGS 3.1.1 Extent of sprinkler protection

3.1.1.1 General

For the purpose of this Standard, sprinkler-protected buildings and sprinkler-protected areas shall be classified in accordance with Clauses 3.1.1.2 and 3.1.1.3.

3.1.1.2 Classification as sprinkler-protected building

To be classified as a sprinkler-protected building, a building shall be sprinkler-protected throughout, other than where exceptions are permitted in Clause 3.1.3 (see Clause 5.6.10). 3.1.1.3 Classification as sprinkler-protected area

Where it is proposed to protect a portion of a building only, for that portion to be classified as a sprinkler-protected area, it shall be sprinkler-protected throughout and shall be separated from non-sprinkler-protected areas by a construction having an FRL of not less than –/120/120 with the exception of those areas contained in Clause 3.1.3.

Where the sprinkler-protected building is linked to a non-sprinkler-protected area by a roofed connection (e.g. roofed passageway, roofed ramp or tunnel), protection shall extend to a wall having an FRL of not less than –/120/120. The wall shall extend from top to bottom and side to side of the passageway, ramp or tunnel, with any door or shutter in the wall being a listed fire door or fire shutter. Where the wall is located at the junction with the non-sprinkler-protected building, the link shall be sprinkler-protected.

3.1.2 Protection against exposure hazards 3.1.2.1 Extent of application

Any part of an external wall, of the sprinkler-protected building, including glazed openings and roof overhangs with an FRL less than –/30/30 within 10 m of an Exposure Hazard, shall be protected with external sprinklers.

For the purpose of this Clause ‘external wall’ shall include the façade of raised sections of the building, such as roof lanterns, set back from the perimeter of the sprinkler-protected building; and ‘Exposure Hazard’ shall mean a source of radiant heat such as a non-sprinkler-protected building with an FRL less than –/30/30 or areas used for storage or handling of flammable or combustible materials.

C3.1.2.1 When installed as an integral part of an internal sprinkler system designed to

this Standard, external protection of this type is considered the first line of defence in protecting the building from an external fire source. The use of sprinklers to modify the FRL of the wall element is outside the scope of this Standard.

3.1.2.2 Sprinklers

All sealed sprinklers used for exposure protection shall be rated as fast response as defined in AS 4118.1.1 and shall have a temperature rating of 93°C.

Sprinklers shall be any of the following types and orientation:

(a) Pendent Spray (SP)—mounted horizontally with the deflector towards the window or wall.

(b) Upright Spray (SU)—mounted horizontally with the deflector away from the window or wall. A1 A1 Accessed by TRANQUANG on 09 Oct 2006

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(c) Pendent Sidewall—(WP) mounted pendent and oriented to direct the spray towards the window or wall.

(d) Sprinklers specifically designed for the purpose and located and spaced in accordance with their listing.

Conventional sprinklers (CU/P) shall not be used, except in the case of protection beneath roof overhangs. Sprinklers beneath roof overhangs shall not be considered a substitute for protection of walls.

3.1.2.3 Shielding

Where building features do not shield sprinklers to prevent cooling from sprinklers operating above, such sprinklers shall be fitted with metal shields not less than 80 mm dia. 3.1.2.4 Sprinkler spacing and location

Unless specifically listed otherwise, sprinklers shall be located in accordance with Table 3.1.2.4.

In addition to the requirements contained in Table 3.1.2.4, a sprinkler shall be positioned not more than 1.25 m horizontally from —

(a) the vertical extremities of the protected surface;

(b) the vertical extremities of each glazed opening, with the sprinkler located within the opening; and

(c) the centre of any building feature such as downpipes and glazing bars or mullions, which project more than 40 mm from the protected surface.

Where vertical glazing bars or mullions project more than 40 mm from the glazed surface and are spaced not more than 1660 mm centre to centre, every alternate sprinkler may be positioned on the centre-line of a mullion or glazing bar, except that sprinklers shall be positioned within 1.25 m of each side of any vertical glazing bar or mullion that exceeds 40 mm in width.

TABLE 3.1.2.4

SPRINKLER SPACING AND LOCATION

Distance Position Maximum Minimum Point of measurement

Distance between sprinklers Horizontally 2.5 m 1.8 m Centre of sprinkler

(see Note)

Vertically 4.0 m N/A Deflector to deflector

Horizontal distance from wall Horizontal sprinkler 100 mm 20 mm Sprinkler deflector

Pendent sprinkler 300 mm 10 mm Centre of sprinkler

Vertical distance below tope of protected surface

Horizontal sprinkler 100 mm 50 mm Centre of sprinkler

Pendent sprinkler 100 mm 50 mm Sprinkler deflector

NOTE: The 1.8 m minimum distance may be reduced where sprinklers are separated by a baffle or building feature which will prevent cooling from an adjacent operating sprinkler.

3.1.2.5 Piping

External sprinklers shall be fed either individually by range pipes or as groups by dedicated distribution pipes connected to a distribution pipe of the internal sprinkler system.

Pipe sizes shall be determined by full hydraulic calculation methods.

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C3.1.2.5 In cases where excessive sprinkler system downtime may be occasioned by the

post-fire replacement of external sprinklers, groups of external sprinklers should be connected by dedicated distribution pipes fitted with locked-open isolation valves. The fitting of locked open sectional stop valves on connections to external protection can greatly decrease the time taken to recommission a system following an operation of the external sprinklers and should be considered for all such installations.

3.1.2.6 Performance

Sprinkler systems that incorporate exposure protection shall be fully hydraulically designed so that the flow from any external sprinkler shall be not less than 75 L/min when the required maximum number of external sprinklers are operating.

Where the area to be protected by an individual sprinkler is less than 2.5 m wide, the flow rate may be reduced proportionally subject to a minimum end head pressure of 70 kPa. The required number of sprinklers assumed to be in simultaneous operation shall be the number of sprinklers opposed to each Exposure Hazard, up to a maximum of 18.

Hydraulic calculation methods shall conform to the requirements of Section 12, as appropriate.

3.1.2.7 Water supply

If the maximum calculated demand of the exposure protection is in excess of that required for the internal sprinklers alone, the water supply shall be increased to cover the excess. 3.1.3 Permitted exceptions

Sprinklers may be omitted from certain areas of protected buildings or sprinkler-protected areas as follows:

(a) Fire-isolated stairways, fire-isolated passageways and fire-isolated ramps constructed in accordance with the Building Code of Australia.

(b) Toilets and washrooms, but not cloakrooms, with an FRL of not less than –/60/60, with all openings to the sprinkler-protected area fitted with fire doors or fire shutters in accordance with the requirements of AS/NZS 1905.1 and AS 1905.2, having a minimum FRL of –/60/30.

(c) Rooms used for no purposes other than containing dry electric equipment (non-oil filled), enclosed by walls, floors and ceilings with a minimum FRL of –/120/120, and with all openings to the sprinkler-protected area fitted with fire doors or fire shutters in accordance with the requirements of AS/NZS 1905.1 and AS 1905.2, having a minimum FRL of –/120/30. Such room or compartment shall be fitted with—

(i) multiple controls for alarm purposes only with the drain discharging to an open tundish or fitted with a sight-glass; or

(ii) a detection and alarm system installed in accordance with AS 1670.1.

(d) Silos or bins for the storage of grain, inside buildings forming part of corn mill, distillery, maltings or oil mill premises.

(e) Ovens, hovels and kilns in potteries, including earthenware, brick, tile and glassworks.

(f) The undersides of screens or shields erected over the wet ends of papermaking machines.

(g) Over salt baths and metal melt pans where the application of water would endanger personnel. Piping and sprinklers may be located over such places if a suitable canopy is fitted.

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(h) Over uncovered potable water storage wherever there is a danger of contamination of that water.

(i) Unroofed docks or loading platforms, subject to the requirements of Clause 5.6.12. (j) Balconies other than those requiring protection under Clause 5.6.13.

3.2 TRANSMISSION OF ALARM SIGNAL TO FIRE BRIGADE

Upon actuation of the sprinkler system a distinctive alarm signal shall be automatically transmitted to a fire brigade receiving centre or a to a constantly attended monitoring service with a direct data link to the fire brigade or fire brigade dispatch centre. Where connection to the alarm monitoring network is duplicated or uses diverse paths, the minimum cable rating shall be WSX1W in accordance with AS/NZS 3013.

Where either provision is made, the following requirements shall apply (see also Clause 8.10):

(a) For alarm transmission purposes, the control assemblies of not more than four installations may be grouped, provided that each installation is fitted with a mechanical indicating device which, when actuated, remains in the ‘system operated’ position until manually reset. In addition, a readily discernible sign shall be located adjacent to the control assemblies to indicate the zone controlled by each control assembly.

(b) A permanent and securely affixed notice shall be located in close proximity to the control assemblies to indicate that there is a direct alarm connection to the fire brigade or monitoring service.

(c) If at any time the network path between the sprinkler system and the fire brigade is interrupted, attention shall be drawn to this fact at the fire brigade or fire brigade dispatch centre and monitoring service and again when it is re-established.

(d) Alarm signalling equipment shall comply with AS 4428.6.

(e) Wiring from alarm signalling equipment to the alarm monitoring network connection point shall comply with AS/NZS 3013 with a minimum rating of WS51W. Connection to an Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF) is permissible only if the cable from the IDF to the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is installed underground. NOTES:

1 The Australian Communications Authority (ACA) requires all alarm signalling equipment connected to a telecommunications network to be labelled indicating its compliance, or with the relevant Standards.

2 Radio communications equipment is required to conform to the requirements of the relevant radio communications Standards made mandatory by the ACA.

(f) The alarm monitoring network shall comply with the relevant requirements for a permanently connected station as specified in AS 1670.3.

NOTE: AS 4428.1 gives information where the ASE and relevant network is not available.

3.3 LOCAL ALARM

Every installation shall be fitted with an externally mounted water motor alarm, except that where alarm valves are grouped one water motor alarm may serve all installations in any one location. The water motor alarm shall be located as near as practicable to the alarm valves (see also Clauses 8.7 and 8.10).

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C3.3 The purpose of the local alarm is to attract the attention of passers-by. It is not

intended to alert occupants of the building.

Sprinkler systems required to be installed in accordance with the Building Code of Australia are required to be connected to and activate a building’s occupant warning system.

3.4 SYSTEM COMPONENT FAULT MONITORING 3.4.1 General

Fault monitoring of system components shall be provided in accordance with Clauses 3.4.2 to 3.4.5.

3.4.2 Monitoring devices 3.4.2.1 General

Class A monitoring devices shall be installed in all cases except that Class B devices are permitted where the monitored components are located within a secure area or room with access restricted by means of security devices or a system providing at least the same level of security as achieved with Class A monitoring.

3.4.2.2 Class A monitoring devices

Class A monitoring shall transmit a signal upon — (a) a change of status of the monitored component;

(b) any attempt to tamper with or bypass the monitoring device; and

(c) any attempt to tamper with or bypass the connection back to the receiving centre. 3.4.2.3 Class B monitoring devices

Class B monitoring shall transmit a signal upon—

(a) a change of status of the monitored component; and

(b) any attempt to tamper with or bypass the connection back to the receiving centre. 3.4.3 Systems to be monitored

Continuous system monitoring shall be installed —

(a) in systems containing High Hazard portions greater than 300 m2; (b) in buildings greater than 25 m effective height; and

(c) where required by acts or regulations. 3.4.4 Components to be monitored

The following components shall be monitored:

(a) Water supply stop valves excluding underground key-operated valves. (b) Main stop valves.

(c) Subsidiary stop valves (see Clause 8.2.4).

(d) Power supply for each electric-motor-driven pump.

(e) Controller ‘ready to start condition’ battery voltage and fuel level for each compression-ignition driven pump.

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3.4.5 Installation

Control and power supply equipment shall comply with the requirements of AS 4428.1 and AS/NZS 3000

Fault signals from monitored components shall be connected to— (a) a fire brigade receiving centre (see Clause 3.2); or

(b) a Grade 2 central station complying with AS 2201.2, including a monitoring service; or

(c) a constantly attended in-house security facility.

Should the connection be severed, attention shall be drawn to this fact at the receiving station.

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S E C T I O N 4 W A T E R S U P P L I E S

4.1 GENERAL 4.1.1 Requirements

The water supply shall have pressure and flow characteristics not less than those specified in Clauses 9.3, 10.2 or 11.2, as appropriate. It shall be automatic and thoroughly reliable and shall not be subject to either freezing or drought conditions that could seriously deplete the supply.

Sprinkler systems under separate ownership shall not share private water supplies, nor shall they share connections to public water supplies.

Sprinkler system piping (with the exception of water supply connections to town mains) shall not traverse ground that is not under the control of the owner.

The water shall be fresh and free from fibrous or other matter in suspension liable to cause accumulations in the piping system.

NOTES:

1 Water supplies, other than that part under the control of the water supply authorities, should be under the control of the occupier of the building containing the installation.

2 In special circumstances where there is no suitable fresh water source available consideration may be given to the use of salt or brackish water, provided that the installation is normally charged with fresh water.

3 Where there is a ring main or loop within the premises it is desirable to provide isolating stop valves, so situated as to maintain the maximum possible service in the event of fracture or, if it is necessary, to close down part of the ring main.

4.1.2 Additives

Corrosive chemicals such as sodium silicate (or derivatives of sodium silicate) brine, or other chemicals shall not be used while hydrostatically testing systems, for stopping leaks, or for any other purpose.

4.2 ACCEPTABLE SOURCES OF SUPPLY The following sources of supply shall be acceptable: (a) Town mains (see Clause 4.10).

NOTE: Internal water reticulation within an establishment, capable of supplying peak flows at the required duration for domestic, fire services and sprinkler installations, designed on a ring system with adequate valving, may be considered as town mains.

(b) Elevated private reservoirs (see Clause 4.9.2). (c) Gravity tanks (see Clause 4.9.3).

(d) Automatic pumps (see Clause 4.11) —

(i) drawing from suction tanks or natural sources such as rivers, lakes or underground water supply, subject to the conditions laid down in Clause 4.1; or (ii) boosting supplies such as town mains or elevated private reservoirs.

(e) Pressure tanks (see Clause 4.13).

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4.3 WATER SUPPLY GRADES 4.3.1 General

Water supplies for automatic sprinkler systems shall be divided into three grades based on ascending order of reliability of supply; viz. Grades 3, 2 and 1.

NOTE: See Figure 4.3.1 for the symbols used in Figures 4.3.2, 4.3.3 and 4.3.4.

4.3.2 Grade 3 water supplies 4.3.2.1 General

The following supplies constitute Grade 3 water supplies (see Figure 4.3.2 for typical arrangements):

(a) A direct supply from a single town main.

(b) A single automatic pump supply drawing from a single town main (booster pump), from a pump suction tank, or from a natural source. The automatic pump may be driven by an electric motor or by a compression-ignition engine.

(c) A pressure tank (Light Hazard and Ordinary Hazard 1 classes only). 4.3.2.2 Limitations on the use of Grade3 water supply

A Grade 3 water supply shall not be used to supply sprinkler systems — (a) protecting a building greater than 25 m effective high; or

(b) protecting a High Hazard class of risk unless the Grade 3 supply consists of —

(i) a town main that is capable of supplying not less than 2200 L/min in excess of the system design flow rate at all times; or

(ii) an automatic (booster) pump supply drawing from a single town main complying with Item (i) above (see Figure 4.10.2(f)), in which case there shall be either—

(A) two automatic pumps, one at least of which shall have a compression-ignition engine drive and each of which shall be capable of providing independently the necessary pressure and flow; or

(B) three automatic pumps, two at least of which shall have compression-ignition engine drives and any two of which shall be capable of providing in aggregate the necessary pressure and flow.

In each case the pumps shall be capable of operating in parallel, that is, they shall have similar pressure and flow characteristics.

NOTE: Where two completely independent electric power sources are available (neither linked with the other) or where automatic changeover facilities exist between two completely independent electric power sources (excluding emergency standby generating sets), the provision of two electrically driven pumps may be permitted, one supplied from each source in the former case, or both supplied from each source in the latter case. In these circumstances one of the pumps may be regarded as being compression-ignition engine driven for the purpose of interpretating this Clause.

4.3.3 Grade 2 water supplies

The following supplies constitute Grade 2 water supplies (see Figure 4.3.3 for typical arrangement):

(a) Town main complying with the following requirements:

(i) The town main shall be fed from both ends by mains, each of which shall be capable of furnishing the relevant pressures and flows required in Clauses 9.3, 10.2 or 11.2. There shall be duplicate connections from the town main carried separately up to the premises containing the sprinkler installation, with a stop A1

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2118.1-1999

Australian Standard

™

Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 1: General requirements

Australian Standard

™

Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 1: General requirements

PREFACE

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard

Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 1: General requirements

S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L

S E C T I O N 2 C L A S S I F I C A T I O N O F

S P R I N K L E R S Y S T E M S A N D D E S I G N D A T A

S E C T I O N 3 I N S T A L L A T I O N

S E C T I O N 4 W A T E R S U P P L I E S