CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
Instructor: Architect Eva
Instructor: Architect Eva Maria VillanuevaMaria Villanueva
CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
simple, patterned after early Christian types; eithersimple, patterned after early Christian types; either
rectangular or cruciform with simple naves and rectangular or cruciform with simple naves and aislesaisles
thick walls reinforced with heavy buttthick walls reinforced with heavy butt resses for earthquakesresses for earthquakes
protection protection
immense sizes because of colonial policy which dictated thatimmense sizes because of colonial policy which dictated that
a church should be built for every 5000
a church should be built for every 5000 baptizedbaptized
materials used include: volcanic tuff materials used include: volcanic tuff (adobe), hardened lava,(adobe), hardened lava,
volcanic ejecta, sandstone, river boulders, clay, volcanic ejecta, sandstone, river boulders, clay, corals,corals, limestone, oyster shells, eggs
limestone, oyster shells, eggs SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLES
SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLES
PAOAY CHURCH, Ilocos NortePAOAY CHURCH, Ilocos Norte
built in 1694 bybuilt in 1694 by Antonio Esta Antonio Estavillovillo, completed, completed
1702-1710 1702-1710
façade: rectangular, with arched doorway, fourfaçade: rectangular, with arched doorway, four
continuous pilasters alternating with niches continuous pilasters alternating with niches
finials and crenellations at pediment niche at finials and crenellations at pediment niche at thethe
apex apex
huge volutes with low relief lines tracing the huge volutes with low relief lines tracing the contourcontour
to disguise the large buttresses to disguise the large buttresses
VIGAN CHURCH VIGAN CHURCH, Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Sur
finished in 1800finished in 1800
located within the grid iron planned streetslocated within the grid iron planned streets
of a colonial town of a colonial town
baroque elements include protrudingbaroque elements include protruding
columns and solid frames; three arched columns and solid frames; three arched doorways leading to three naves at the first doorways leading to three naves at the first level, guarded by ionic pillars with
level, guarded by ionic pillars with chinesechinese
fu dogs
fu dogs
urn-like finial at pedimenturn-like finial at pediment
SANTA MARIA CHURCH, Ilocos SurSANTA MARIA CHURCH, Ilocos Sur
constructed late 18th century,constructed late 18th century, 85 steps85 steps
leading to the church was built by leading to the church was built by Augustinian
Augustinian Benigno FernandezBenigno Fernandez
massive brick church perched on a hillmassive brick church perched on a hill
façade hasfaçade has circular buttressescircular buttresses, three, three
openings and a
openings and a blind niche, semi-circularblind niche, semi-circular pediment
TUMAUINI CHURCH, IsabelaTUMAUINI CHURCH, Isabela
begun 1783-1788 by Dominicanbegun 1783-1788 by Dominican Domingo FortoDomingo Forto
and town mayor
and town mayor Pablo SasonPablo Sason; 1803-1808 –; 1803-1808 – circularcircular belltower was completed
belltower was completed
pampango artisanspampango artisanscarved the hardwood moldscarved the hardwood molds
for the clay insets that decorate the for the clay insets that decorate the churchchurch
ultra-baroqueultra-baroque: unique for its extensive use of : unique for its extensive use of
baked clay both for wall finishes and ornamentation baked clay both for wall finishes and ornamentation
ornamental detailsornamental details: serpentine reliefs, spiral: serpentine reliefs, spiral
curves, flowers, foliage, sunfaces, cherubs and curves, flowers, foliage, sunfaces, cherubs and saints
saints
circular belltower with white limestone finish,circular belltower with white limestone finish,
decorated with bright red clay
decorated with bright red clay rosettes and festoonsrosettes and festoons
ANGAT CHURCH, B ANGAT CHURCH, Bulacanulacan
begun 1756-1773 by Augustinianbegun 1756-1773 by Augustinian Gregorio GinerGregorio Giner;;
completed in 1802 by Fray
completed in 1802 by Fray Joaquin CalvoJoaquin Calvo
baroque stylebaroque style : coupled Corinthian and : coupled Corinthian and DoricDoric
columns divide façade into levels or segments, columns divide façade into levels or segments, statues ringed with wreath-like ornaments flank statues ringed with wreath-like ornaments flank niches, windows with
bas-niches, windows with bas-relief “curtains” relief “curtains”
plain three-storey belltower with balustered topplain three-storey belltower with balustered top
BARASOAIN CHURCH, BulacanBARASOAIN CHURCH, Bulacan
1871-1878 : stone church was constructed1871-1878 : stone church was constructed
to replace wooden structure; 1880 to replace wooden structure; 1880 – – earthquake ruined the church earthquake ruined the church
1885 : Augustinian1885 : Augustinian Juan GironJuan Giron
commissioned a builder named
commissioned a builder named MagpayoMagpayototo rebuild the church
rebuild the church
variation on thevariation on the circle motif circle motif
flutings on pilasters with ends blunted intoflutings on pilasters with ends blunted into
semicircles detract from the
semicircles detract from the NeoClassicaNeoClassicall
belltower has a cubic base, three layesbelltower has a cubic base, three layes
accented by blind and open windows, top accented by blind and open windows, top has crenellations and six-sided cone has crenellations and six-sided cone
SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH, ManilaSAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH, Manila
a church built for all times afta church built for all times aft er previous churcheser previous churches
were damaged by earthquakes in 1863 and 1880 were damaged by earthquakes in 1863 and 1880
designed in thedesigned in the Gothic styleGothic style(without flying(without flying
buttresses) by
buttresses) by Genaro PalaciosGenaro Palaciosin Revivalistin Revivalist architecture
architecture
made entirely of steel; plans were sent made entirely of steel; plans were sent to Belgiumto Belgium
where the parts were made in sections then where the parts were made in sections then transported to Manila
transported to Manila
interiors were painted to resemble faux marble;interiors were painted to resemble faux marble;
adorned with sculpture by
adorned with sculpture by Eusebio GarciaEusebio Garciaandand painting by
painting by Lorenzo RochaLorenzo Rocha
SAN AUGUSTIN CHURCH, ManilaSAN AUGUSTIN CHURCH, Manila
oldest church in the Philippinesoldest church in the Philippines; built 1587-1607; built 1587-1607
by
by Juan MaciasJuan Maciasaccording to the plans approved byaccording to the plans approved by the Royal Audencia de Mexico and by a
the Royal Audencia de Mexico and by a Royal CedulaRoyal Cedula
1854 : Don1854 : Don Luciano OliverLuciano Oliver(Municipal Architect of (Municipal Architect of
Manila) directed the renovation of the
Manila) directed the renovation of the façade byfaçade by
adding to the height of
adding to the height of the towers; thesethe towers; these towers were damaged in the 1863 towers were damaged in the 1863 earthquake and were never rebuilt earthquake and were never rebuilt
plaza adorned with Fu dogs representsplaza adorned with Fu dogs represents
colonial urban planning colonial urban planning
High Renaissance : High Renaissance : superpositioned Tuscansuperpositioned Tuscan
orders at first level, Corinthian capitals at orders at first level, Corinthian capitals at second level; circular windows at plain second level; circular windows at plain pediment; heavily carved, two-paneled main pediment; heavily carved, two-paneled main door with images of St.
door with images of St. Augustine and St.Augustine and St. Monica amidst Philippine flora
Monica amidst Philippine flora
nave is flanked by 12 collateral chapels eachnave is flanked by 12 collateral chapels each
housing a Baroque or NeoClassic retablo housing a Baroque or NeoClassic retablo
Baroque elements include trompe l’oeil :Baroque elements include trompe l’oeil :
sculpture by Italian artists
sculpture by Italian artists Cesare DibellaCesare Dibella
and
and Giovanni AlberoniGiovanni Alberonion the ceiling andon the ceiling and pilasters
pilasters
cloisters built around an atrium with acloisters built around an atrium with a
garden planted by Augustinian botaninst garden planted by Augustinian botaninst Manuel Blanco
TAAL CHURCH, BatangasTAAL CHURCH, Batangas
1858 : Fray1858 : Fray Marcos AntonMarcos Anton, with the help of the, with the help of the
architect Don
architect Don Luciano OliverLuciano Oliver, started construction;, started construction; the church was completed in 1878
the church was completed in 1878
built on top of built on top of a hill and may be a hill and may be reached throughreached through
flagstone steps, unobstructed by other
flagstone steps, unobstructed by other buildingsbuildings
façade : arched windows alternate with Ionicfaçade : arched windows alternate with Ionic
columns at first level, Corinthian at upper level; columns at first level, Corinthian at upper level; projected cornices and mouldings; three pediments projected cornices and mouldings; three pediments
interior is cavernous bur drab with stout piers andinterior is cavernous bur drab with stout piers and
semi-circular apse : mathematical exactness rather semi-circular apse : mathematical exactness rather than ornamentation
than ornamentation
DARAGA CHURCH, AlbayDARAGA CHURCH, Albay
established by people who fled the eruption of Mestablished by people who fled the eruption of M t.t.
Mayon form
Mayon form CagsawaCagsawa
the Franciscan wanted a church with the bestthe Franciscan wanted a church with the best
features of Romanesque and Gothic, but it features of Romanesque and Gothic, but it waswas executed by the carvers in
executed by the carvers in BaroqueBaroque
façade : a whole tablet façade : a whole tablet without columns andwithout columns and
cornices, only symmetrically positioned cornices, only symmetrically positioned
fenestrations, apertures and niches; whorls, twisted fenestrations, apertures and niches; whorls, twisted columns, foliage, medallions, statues and reliefs columns, foliage, medallions, statues and reliefs
MIAGAO CHURCH, IloiloMIAGAO CHURCH, Iloilo
present church was built 1786-1797 underpresent church was built 1786-1797 under
the supervision of fray
the supervision of fray Francisco GonzalesFrancisco Gonzales
Maximo
Maximo; a storey was added to the left; a storey was added to the left belfry in 1830
belfry in 1830
also served as fortress against Malso served as fortress against M uslimuslim
pirates, simple and massive structure mixed pirates, simple and massive structure mixed with ornate details
with ornate details
local botanical motifs at façade reliefslocal botanical motifs at façade reliefs
reminiscent of cookie cutouts (de gajeta), reminiscent of cookie cutouts (de gajeta), used to describe 16th
used to describe 16th century Mexicancentury Mexican architectural reliefs
SANTO NINO DE CEBU BASILICA, CebuSANTO NINO DE CEBU BASILICA, Cebu
built by Fraybuilt by Fray Juan de AlbarranJuan de Albarran about 400 yearsabout 400 years
ago, on the site where a soldier found an image of ago, on the site where a soldier found an image of the Sto. Nino in a settlement that the Spanish the Sto. Nino in a settlement that the Spanish soldiers have burned down
soldiers have burned down
the Convent was founded in 1565, making it the Convent was founded in 1565, making it the firstthe first
to be built in the country to be built in the country
constructed with stones from Panay and Capizconstructed with stones from Panay and Capiz
façade : blending of Moorish, Romanesque andfaçade : blending of Moorish, Romanesque and
NeoClassical elements; trefoils on the doorways; two NeoClassical elements; trefoils on the doorways; two levels divided into three segments and topped by levels divided into three segments and topped by pediment; retablo at the center
pediment; retablo at the center
belltower has four-sided balustraded domebelltower has four-sided balustraded dome
interior : pierced screen with floral motifs, pineappleinterior : pierced screen with floral motifs, pineapple
decors at the choirloft, corn cobs at t
