SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO., LTD.
REV. :
DATE :
5
CONTENTS
Page 1. GENERAL 1.1 Purpose --- 1 1.2 Application Scope --- 1 1.3 Relevant Manuals --- 12. PIPING DESIGN CRITERIA 2.1 Rack piping design criteria --- 1
2.2 General piping design criteria --- 2
3. RACK ARRANGEMENT 3.1 Items to be considered --- 3
3.2 Typical Layout --- 3
4. RACK HEIGHT --- 5
5. PIPING ARRANGEMENT AND DECISION ON THE RACK WIDTH 5.1 Piping Arrangement --- 7
5.2 Rack Width --- 15
6. LOADING DATA 6.1 Type of Load --- 16
6.2 Calculation Method --- 17
6.3 Layout Aids for Piperack --- 18
6.4 Weight Table for Thermal Insulation (for reference) --- 21
7. EXPANSION LOOPS --- 28
8. RACK STRUCTURE (FOR REFERENCE) --- 41
9. HISTORY OF THIS MANUAL --- 44 Appendix Ⅰ Sample of pipe rack loading data information drawing
Appendix Ⅱ Sample of calculation table for maximum bending stress, anchor force and friction force
1. GENERAL 1.1 Purpose
This manual provides Preconditions for standardization of forms, method of expression and limitations of rack piping drawings which are to be designed/drafted by SECL. 1.2 Application Scope
This manual shall be applied to all jobs executed by SECL unless otherwise specially required from vendor or licensor.
1.3 Relevant Manuals
(1) SES-H-101E "Piping Design"
(2) SEM-3002 "Requirements for Drafting Piping Drawing" (3) SEM-3101 "Requirements for Drafting Plot Plan"
(4) SEM-3102 "Drafting of Piping Connection Drawing on Battery Limit" (5) SEM-3104 "Drafting Key Plan"
(6) SEM-3106 "Preparation Piping Note"
(7) SEM-3112 "Decision Method on Drawing Number" (8) SEM-3113 "Drafting of Plan Drawing"
2. PIPING DESIGN CRITERIA
2.1 Rack piping design criteria
The following piping shall be laid out on the pipe rack with 25% space for future piping. 2.1.1 Process Piping
2.1.2 Blow-down piping (flare piping) (1) Steam and condensate piping
(2) Boiler feed water piping, potable water, process, water, demineralized water, cooling water,... etc.
(3) Air (Plant and instrument) piping. (4) Fuel oil, fuel gas, nitrogen piping 2.1.4 Instrument/electrical duct or cable tray 2.1.5 Catwalk
2.2 General Design Criteria
3. RACK ARRANGEMENT
Type Within the unit O.S.B.L
Rack (1) Process piping
1) Piping to connect equipment located at 6m distance and over
2) Product piping to carry materials from tower, heat exchanger, pump, etc. to the storage area or other unit and plant.
3) Raw materials or other supply piping entered into the unit plant. (2) Blow-down piping (flare piping)
(3) Instrument/electrical duct (4) Utility piping
1) Steam and condensate piping 2) Gas, plant air and instrument air
piping
3) Boiler supply water, city water, process water, demineralized water piping, and cooling water piping not buried
4) Fuel oil and gas piping (5) Catway
(1) Process piping
1) Product incoming piping 2) Raw material piping (2) Utility piping
1) Steam and condensate piping 2) Water piping
(*) Yard piping shall be above-ground piping as far as space is available. But rack piping is permissible if yard piping is not available considering the walkway and access.
Above-ground
(1) Discharge piping and vibration piping of reciprocating compressor
(2) Storage and in-out piping with dike (3) Large size fluid piping
(1) In-out piping for raw material and products
Trench (1) Cable duct for electric power (2) Cooling water piping for pump (3) Drain recovery piping
(4) Piping extended to the sump tank
Under-ground
(1) Utility piping
1) Cooling water piping and oily piping
2) Fire-fighting water piping 3) Water supply piping
Rack arrangement is generally subject to the location of process lines such as raw material piping and products piping and the location of utility lines that enter and leave the unit boundary. 3.1 Items to be considered
(1) Installation and maintenance of equipment and transportation of equipment and materials. (2) Piping between each unit shall be as short as possible.
(3) Length and number of rack shall be the minimum. 3.2 Typical Layout
(1) Dead end yard lines enter and (2) Straight through yard, line can leave one end the rack. enter and leave both ends of the
rack.
(3) L-shaped yard lines can enter (4) T-shaped rack piping can enter and leave north and east of and leave on three sides of the
(5) U-shaped yard lines can enter (6) Combination of I and T shaped and leave all four sides of the rack.
rack.
(7) Complex rack piping arrangement for a very large chemical plant.
(1) The height of top surface of the lowest rack beam shall be subject to the following:
(2) The following shall be considered in deciding the height "H". 1) Observance of minimum height of the following
2) Decisions shall be made after examining mutual relation between the equipments, and problems on taking-in, operation and maintenance of equipment.
3) For the minimum height mentioned on above item No.1), consider the highest point of road paving.
4) According to the road traffic act enforcement ordinance, all facilities such as a bridge, signs above the road shall have min. 4.5m headroom from lowest point of the road.
5) When the equipment such as exchanger is located under the rack, its highest part shall be the base of rack height after examining each exchanger as shown on the below.
Classification H1 Remarks
Maintenance area inside of B.L . 2500
Main road crossing at inside of B.L. 4500 Clearance for big vehicle : 3500 Main road crossing at outside of B.L.
(2nd class state road) 4500 Road traffic act Main road crossing at outside of B.L.
(1st class state road) 6000 Road traffic act Incoming railway 6700 Rail road act
(3) Double level rack
Difference of height (H) for each level of rack shall be 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm as the standard.
The figures Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ show the elbows connected fitting to fitting and the dimensions of For exchanger with hot or cold
insulation, the clearance of minimum 300mm shall be provided from the outside of insulation material.
If an angle is necessary, special caution is required to avoid the interference with the adjacent pipe.
the height(h) are shown in the following table.
(Note) : H ≥ 2h
For elbow 90°, 45°and 30°→ Consider it as a long radius elbow and calculate the height.
5. PIPING ARRANGEMENT AND THE RACK WIDTH 5.1 Piping Arrangement
(1) Large size pipes (14" and larger) shall be arranged close to the column in order to decrease the bending moment of beam.
(2) The utility piping shall be laid on the middle of the rack If the rack has a
single level and these piping shall be laid on the upper level if the rack has two levels. Piping in the rack shall be arranged according to the "Table of arrangement classification" on the next page.
Nominal Pipe Size 24B 26B 28B 30B 32B 34B 36B 40B Elbow Dimension 914.4 990.6 1066.8 1143.0 1219.2 1295.4 1371.4 1524.0
Type Ⅰ (90°) - - -
-Type Ⅱ (45°) 915 991 - - -
-Type Ⅲ (30°) 557 625 673 721 762 817 865 961 Nominal Pipe Size 6B 8B 10B 12B 14B 16B 18B 20B Elbow Dimension 228.6 304.8 381.0 457.2 533.4 609.6 685.8 762.0
Type Ⅰ (90°) 458 610 762 916 - - -
-Type Ⅱ (45°) - - - 458 534 610 686 762
Type Ⅲ (30°) - - - - 337 385 433 479
Table of arrangement classification
(Note) : ◎ Expansion loop may be required. Type
Upper Rack Lower Rack Side Center Side Center
P R O C E S S
Blow-down (Flare) piping ○
Raw material inlet piping (12B and over) ◎ ○
Raw material inlet piping (10B and under) ○ ○ Product discharge piping (12B and over) ◎ ○
Product discharge piping (10B and under) ○ ○ Overhead piping from tall tower or highly
elevated vessel ○ ○
Piping from tower and vessel to pumps or
exchangers ○ ○
Pump discharge piping ○ ○
Corrosive piping ○ ○
Piping located between equipments on ground
leved ○ ○ Vibration piping ○ U T I L I T Y
High and low pressure steam piping ○
Condensate piping ○
Boiler feed water piping ○ ○ ○
Hose station piping (water, air, N₂, etc.) ○ ○
Plant air piping ○ ○
Cooling water header piping for pump ○
Fuel oil and gas piping ○ ○
Instrument air piping ○
DUCT
Instrument duct ○ ○
(3) The end of utility header piping shall be arranged as same as the following figures.
(Note) : (*) For the class of 900LB and over, the piping similar to the above types shall be avoided.
(4) Piping with corrosive fluids shall not be installed above the cable duct.
(5) For reciprocating compressor discharge piping, pressure drop valve and drain piping to be installed on the pipe rack, thorough consideration shall be given to the vibration
protection.
(6) Piping at B.L. connection point shall be arranged through sufficient coordibation with the client and the relevant contractor, discussing the piping arrangement and the anchor locations.
(7) Platform or walkway with ladder shall be installed on the rack where frequent operation and/or maintenance of valves are required. A ladder hall be installed with a cage .
Class Blind flange Cap
(*) 300LB and under 8B and under 10B and larger (*) 600LB and under 6B and under 8B and larger
(8) When necessary to install an expansion loop on the condensate line, do it horizontally to prevent water hammering. But, do as follows if horizontal loop is impossible.
(9) Loop of piping shall be grouped considering a fine view.
Make lines into a group and install a large size piping and high temperature piping to the edge of the rack.
(10) Grounding is necessary on the piping where static electricity is expected to occur. [Reference]
1) fluid that could be dangerous from static electricity.
┌ 1st Petroleum (crude oil, gasoline, solvent, naphtha, tar, light oil, etc.) │
Petroleum ┼ 2nd Petroleum (kerosene, light oil, diesel oil, xylene, etc.) │
└ 3rd Petroleum (heavy oil, lube oil, tars such as creosote oil)
Ether, carbon bisulfide, collodion, acetone, nitric acid ester, formic acid ester, pyridine, chloro-benzol, animals and plants oils, etc.
2) About the electrification
Safety fluid velocity → 1m/sec and under for petroleum in API Constant fluid velocity → proportional to pipe size
Constant pipe size → proportional to fluid velocity
(*) Pneumatic conveying piping for powders susceptible to the disaster due to static electricity and non-conductive powders (synthetic resin, wheat powder, etc.). 3) Lug installation criteria
① Bonding between pipes
Insulated pipe L=30+ Insulation thickness
Fabrication and attachment of lug by piping contractor
② Bonding between valve and pipe
③ For piping on the rack, it is recommended to consider the rack column connected to grounding main line at every 18m as same as the piping.
(11) Harzadous gas piping shall be installed on the upper rack and it shall be away from high temperature piping.
(12) Install steel shoes on the hot-insulated piping (except for protector) and the cold-insulated piping operating at over 0℃.
(13) Install support with cradle (rest type or whole circumference type) for cold-insulated piping operating at 0℃ and under.
Sus Teminal
Sus Teminal Farication and
attachment of lug by piping contractor
same as bolt hole size
* Leave some space to take out bolts
(14) Install support with saddle for thin pipes or large size pipes (D/t > 95) to minimize local stress. (But, as above support type is not necessary when the distance of rack column is short, its application shall be determined after preliminary examination.)
(15) Changes in piping direction
(Used in O.S.B.L.) (Generally used within the unit.) This type is economical. This type can be applied to the line
with complicated change of direction. Care shall be taken for overhang in the corner area.
(Proper middle beam or dummy supports may be required.)
(16) Oxygen piping shall not be arranged adjacent to the electrical duct.
SADDLE
Plane bending 3-dimensional bending
5.2 Rack Width
(1) Piping spacing on the rack shall be decided in accordance with "Drafting Data C-9 (SEM-3007)".
(Thorough consideration shall be given to the maintenance, hot insulation, cold insulation and lateral movement by thermal expansion.)
(2) If special valve and instrument are installed on the rack, make decision on the width considering the space of operation and maintenance.
(3) For the area where there are orifice piping, provide space for installing orifice considering the orientation of differential pressure taps.
Instrument Hook-Up Drawing
(Note) : * Basically, do not use type "B-2" for superheated steam. (It is to protect stress corrosion.)
(4) Leave 10-15% of space as a rule.
Also provide 20~30% of the space if future extension is expected. (5) Rack width shall be decided as shown on the below.
B ≥ Bo + F Bo = { (P1 + P2)) + CE } × (1 + F)
B : Rack width
Bo : Calculated rack width
P1, P2 : Pipe spacing (as per "Drafting Data C-9" in SEM-3007) CE : Electric cable duct
α : 0.1 ~ 0.15
F : For future extension (α included) 6. LOADING DATE
6.1 Type of Load
Type Description Direction Remarks
Sustain
load(Dead Weight of piping, valve and load insulation Vertical
Thermal load
Load by thermal expansion of piping Horizontal Reaction force by internal pressure of
expansion bellows. Horizontal Dynamic load
Load by vibration of piping
6.2 Calculation Method
(1) Weight calculation criteria of piping, valve and insulation 1) Liquid piping
a) Insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + insulation weight + contents weight b) Un-insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + contents weight
c) Insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + insulation weight + contents weight d) Un-insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + contents weight 2) Gas piping
a) Insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test Load = piping weight + insulation weight + water weight b) Un-insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + water weight
c) Insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test Load = piping weight + insulation weight
d) Un-insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test Load = piping weight
Note : 1) For pipe and insulation weight, refer to weight table of paragraph 6.4. 2) For instrument duct and electric duct, refer to the following table.
Type Description Direction Remarks
Sustained load (Live load)
Liquid load for hydrostatic pressure test. Vertical Refer to lineschedule. Snow load (The difference of snowfall
depending on the region shall be considered in making decision)
Instrumentation Design Manual "SEM-5001"
(*) Allowable span for duct is max. 6000mm. 6.3 Layout aids for piperack
(1) The stress limit on anchors and guides is 1410 kg/㎠ Max.
(2) Force limit on anchors and guides is 1000 kg Max. unbalanced force including friction loads.
Example 1 :
Where Ft = Thermal force Ft = Friction force
Total unbalanced force = (1600 + 1300) - (1300 + 1000) = 700 kg
This is within the limiting criteria Example 2 :
Total unbalanced force = (1900 + 1400) - (700 + 500) = 2100 kg
Width (W) × Height (H) Weight (kg/m) Width (W) × Height (H) Weight (kg/m)
1500 × 500 515 600 × 300 150
1400 × 500 480 500 × 300 125
1200 × 400 350 400 × 200 75
1000 × 400 290 300 × 200 60
This exceeds the limiting criteria of 1000 kg unbalanced force.
Consult lead stress engineer for possible alternatives to comply with the force limitation.
Notes : 1. For friction loads, we can manually calculate them getting the unit weights from the table in para.6.4.
2. For thermal loads, we can manually calculate them using the data and nomographs. But computer program is very well prepared and is it faster, accurate to use computer for total unbalanced force at the anchor point.
(3) Expansion loop requirements
a) Generally, if the total expansion in any direction on the piperack is less than 100 mm, the loop could be avoided by locating an anchor in the middle of the run. b) The total expansion between loop anchors should not exceed 350 mm.
c) The Max. expansion at the change of direction (i.e. points ⓐ and ⓑ in the example3) should not exceed 50 mm, consult the lead stress engineer for any exceptions.
(4) Location of loops and guides Example 3 :
Pipe material : ASTM A-53 Gr.B Design temp. : 260 ℃
Exp. Coefficient : 3.02 mm/m Commodity : HC (Vapor)
Insulation : 50 mm thick calsium silicate (12.7 kg/m - from weight table) Friction coefficient = 0.3 ( steel on steel) a) Total expansion in the East - West direction.
150 × 3.02 = 453 mm
b) Anchor should be located in such a way that the expansion going into the loop should not exceed 350 mm and the total unbalanced forces at the anchors should be within
the limiting criteria (para.6.3(2)). Locate anchor at 15 m from point ⓐ and ⓑ. c) Expansion going into the loop
{138 - (2×15)} × 3.02 = 326 mm
d) Expansion loop can be sized manually using data and nomograph.
f) Anchor and guide loads can be calculated manually or by computer. calculating by computer is more fast and accurate
For W = 1500 mm to 3000 mm, G ≥ 60000 mm For W > 3000 mm, G ≥ 12000 mm
Fu = Total unbalanced force.
▲ To locate guides, follow the pipe guide spacing tabulated in general note 1.6, selection guide of pipe supports (1/8).
△ △
6.4.1 Calcium silicate hot-insulation (ρ = 0.22 g/㎤) Nominal pipe size (B) Outside diameter (mm) Internal pipe water weight (kg/m)
Weight of hot-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)
25 30 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250 1/2 21.7 - 0.8 1.1 2.5 3.9 5.0 6.9 10.9 15.6 17.8 23.8 30.6 38.4 46.9 3/4 27.2 - 0.9 1.2 2.7 4.1 5.3 7.3 11.3 16.2 18.4 24.5 31.4 39.2 47.9 1 34.0 0.6 1.0 1.3 2.9 4.4 5.7 7.7 11.8 16.8 19.1 25.3 32.3 40.3 49.1 1½ 48.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 3.4 5.1 6.4 8.6 13.0 18.3 20.6 27.0 34.4 42.5 51.6 2 60.5 2.2 1.5 1.9 3.8 5.6 7.0 9.4 13.9 19.4 21.8 28.5 36.0 44.4 53.7 2½ 76.3 3.6 1.8 2.2 4.4 6.3 7.8 10.3 15.2 20.9 23.5 30.4 38.2 46.9 56.4 3 89.1 5.1 2.0 2.5 4.8 6.9 8.5 11.1 16.2 22.2 24.8 31.9 40.0 48.8 58.6 4 114.3 8.7 2.4 3.0 5.7 8.1 9.8 12.7 18.2 24.6 27.4 35.0 43.4 52.8 62.9 6 165.2 18.9 3.3 4.0 7.4 10.3 12.5 15.9 22.3 29.5 32.7 41.1 50.5 60.7 71.7 8 216.2 32.9 4.3 5.1 9.2 12.6 15.1 19.1 26.3 34.5 38.0 47.3 57.5 68.6 80.6 10 267.4 50.7 5.1 6.2 11.0 14.3 17.7 22.2 30.4 39.4 43.3 53.5 64.6 76.6 89.4 12 318.5 72.9 5.9 7.2 12.7 17.2 20.4 25.4 34.5 44.4 48.6 59.7 71.7 84.5 98.2 14 355.6 92.7 6.6 8.0 14.0 18.9 22.3 27.7 37.4 50.2 52.4 64.2 76.8 90.3 104.6 16 406.4 122.1 7.5 9.0 15.8 21.2 25.0 30.9 41.4 52.9 57.7 70.3 83.8 98.2 113.4 18 457.2 155.6 8.3 10.1 17.5 23.5 27.6 34.0 45.5 57.8 62.9 76.5 90.8 106.1 122.2 20 508.0 193.1 9.2 11.2 19.3 25.7 30.2 37.2 49.5 62.7 68.2 82.6 97.9 114.0 131.0 22 558.8 234.7 10.1 12.2 21.0 28.0 32.9 40.4 53.6 67.6 73.5 88.8 104.9 121.9 139.8 24 609.6 279.6 11.0 13.3 22.8 30.3 35.5 43.5 57.6 72.5 78.7 94.9 111.9 129.8 148.5 26 660.4 330.0 11.8 14.3 24.5 32.6 38.1 46.7 61.6 77.4 84.0 101.0 118.9 137.7 157.3 28 711.2 383.8 12.7 15.4 26.3 34.9 40.8 52.9 65.7 82.4 89.3 107.2 126.0 145.6 166.1 30 762.0 440.6 13.6 16.4 28.1 37.2 43.4 53.0 69.7 87.3 94.5 113.3 133.0 153.5 174.9 32 812.8 502.4 14.5 17.5 29.9 39.4 46.0 56.2 73.7 92.2 99.8 119.5 140.0 161.4 183.6 34 863.6 568.2 15.4 18.5 31.6 41.8 48.7 59.3 77.8 97.1 105.1 125.6 147.0 169.3 192.4 36 914.4 638.1 16.2 19.6 33.3 44.0 51.3 62.2 81.8 102.0 110.3 131.8 154.0 177.2 201.2 40 1016.0 782.8 18.0 21.7 36.8 48.6 56.6 68.8 89.9 111.9 120.9 144.1 168.1 193.0 218.7 42 1066.8 840.0 18.9 22.7 38.6 50.8 59.2 72.0 93.9 116.8 126.1 150.2 175.1 200.9 227.5 44 1117.6 944.7 19.7 23.8 40.3 53.1 61.8 75.1 98.0 121.7 131.4 156.3 182.1 208.8 236.3 48 1219.2 1125.0 21.5 25.9 43.9 57.7 67.1 81.4 106.0 131.5 141.9 168.6 196.2 224.6 253.9 54 1371.6 1426.0 24.1 29.1 49.1 64.5 75.0 90.9 118.2 146.3 157.7 187.1 217.2 248.3 280.2 60 1524.0 1763.0 26.8 32.2 54.4 71.4 82.9 100.4 130.3 161.0 173.5 205.5 238.3 272.0 306.5
Nomina l pipe size (B) Outsid e diamet er (mm) Interna l pipe water weight (kg/m)
Weight of hot-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)
25 30 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250 1/2 21.7 - 0.7 1.0 2.3 3.5 4.6 6.3 9.9 14.2 16.2 21.6 27.9 34.9 42.7 3/4 27.2 - 0.8 1.1 2.4 3.8 4.8 6.6 10.3 14.7 16.7 22.2 28.6 35.7 43.5 1 34.0 0.6 0.9 1.2 2.6 4.0 5.1 7.0 10.8 15.3 17.3 23.0 29.4 36.6 44.6 1½ 48.6 1.4 1.2 1.5 3.1 4.6 5.8 7.8 11.8 16.6 18.7 24.6 31.2 38.7 46.9 2 60.5 2.2 1.3 1.7 3.5 5.1 6.4 8.5 12.7 17.6 19.8 25.9 32.7 40.4 48.8 2½ 76.3 3.6 1.6 2.0 4.0 5.8 7.1 9.4 13.8 19.0 21.3 27.6 34.7 42.6 51.3 3 89.1 5.1 1.8 2.3 4.4 6.3 7.7 10.2 14.7 20.2 22.6 29.0 36.5 44.4 53.4 4 114.3 8.7 2.2 2.7 5.2 7.3 8.9 11.6 16.6 22.4 24.9 31.8 39.5 48.0 57.2 6 165.2 18.9 3.0 3.7 6.8 9.4 11.3 14.4 20.2 26.8 29.7 37.4 45.9 55.2 65.2 8 216.2 32.9 3.8 4.6 8.4 11.5 13.7 17.3 23.9 31.3 34.5 43.0 52.3 62.4 73.2 10 267.4 50.7 4.6 5.6 10.0 13.6 16.1 20.2 27.6 35.8 39.3 48.6 58.7 69.6 81.3 12 318.5 72.9 5.4 6.6 11.6 15.7 18.5 23.1 31.3 40.3 44.2 54.3 65.2 76.8 89.3 14 355.6 92.7 6.0 7.3 12.7 17.2 20.3 25.2 34.0 43.6 47.7 58.3 69.8 82.1 95.1 16 406.4 122.1 6.8 8.2 14.3 19.3 22.7 28.1 37.7 48.1 52.4 63.9 76.2 89.3 103.1 18 457.2 155.6 7.6 9.2 15.9 21.3 25.1 30.9 41.3 52.5 57.2 69.5 82.6 96.4 111.1 20 508.0 193.1 8.4 10.1 17.5 23.4 27.5 33.8 45.0 57.0 62.0 75.1 89.0 103.6 119.1 22 558.8 234.7 9.2 11.1 19.1 25.5 30.0 36.7 48.7 61.5 66.8 80.7 95.4 110.8 127.0 24 609.6 279.6 10.0 12.1 20.7 27.6 32.3 39.6 52.4 65.9 71.6 86.3 101.7 118.0 136.6 26 660.4 330.0 10.8 13.0 22.3 29.6 34.7 42.4 56.0 70.4 76.4 91.9 108.1 125.2 143.0 28 711.2 383.8 11.6 14.0 23.9 31.7 37.0 45.3 59.7 74.9 81.2 97.4 118.3 132.4 151.0 30 762.0 440.6 12.4 14.9 25.5 33.8 39.4 48.2 63.4 79.3 86.0 103.0 120.9 139.5 159.0 32 812.8 502.4 13.2 15.9 27.1 35.8 41.8 51.1 67.0 83.8 90.7 108.6 127.3 146.7 166.9 34 863.6 568.2 14.0 16.8 28.7 37.9 44.2 53.9 70.7 88.3 95.5 114.2 133.7 153.9 174.9 36 914.4 638.1 14.8 17.8 30.3 40.0 46.6 56.8 74.4 92.7 100.3 119.8 140.0 161.1 182.9 40 1016.0 782.8 16.4 19.7 33.5 44.1 51.4 62.5 81.7 101.7 109.9 131.0 152.8 175.4 198.9 42 1066.8 840.0 17.1 20.7 35.1 46.2 53.8 65.4 85.4 106.2 114.7 136.5 159.2 182.6 206.8 44 1117.6 944.7 17.9 21.6 36.7 47.9 56.2 68.3 88.3 110.6 119.5 142.1 165.6 189.8 214.8 48 1219.2 1125.0 19.5 23.5 39.9 52.4 61.0 74.0 96.4 119.6 129.0 153.3 178.3 204.2 230.8 54 1371.6 1426.0 21.9 26.4 44.7 58.7 68.2 82.7 107.6 133.0 143.4 170.1 197.5 225.7 254.7 60 1524.0 1763.0 24.3 29.3 49.4 64.9 75.4 91.3 118.4 146.4 157.8 186.8 216.6 247.3 278.7
Nomina l pipe size (B) Outside diamete r (mm) Interna l pipe water weight (kg/m)
Weight of cold-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)
25 30 40 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250 1/2 21.7 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.7 2.5 2.8 3.8 4.9 6.1 7.5 3/4 27.2 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.6 2.9 3.9 5.0 6.2 7.6 1 34.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.9 2.7 3.0 4.0 5.1 6.4 7.8 1½ 48.6 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.4 2.1 2.9 3.3 4.3 5.5 6.8 8.2 2 60.5 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.2 3.1 3.5 4.5 5.7 7.1 8.5 2½ 76.3 3.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.4 3.3 3.7 4.8 6.1 7.5 9.0 3 89.1 5.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 3.9 5.1 6.4 7.8 9.3 4 114.3 8.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.9 3.9 4.4 5.6 6.9 8.4 10.0 6 165.2 18.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.7 5.2 6.5 8.0 9.7 11.4 8 216.2 32.9 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.4 3.0 4.2 5.5 6.0 7.5 9.1 10.9 12.8 10 267.4 50.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.8 6.3 6.9 8.5 10.3 12.2 14.2 12 318.5 72.9 0.9 1.1 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.2 4.0 5.5 7.1 7.7 9.5 11.4 13.4 15.6 14 355.6 92.7 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.2 3.0 3.5 4.4 6.0 8.0 8.3 10.2 12.2 14.4 16.6 16 406.4 122.1 1.2 1.4 2.0 2.5 3.4 4.0 4.9 6.6 8.4 9.2 11.2 13.3 15.6 18.0 18 457.2 155.6 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.8 3.7 4.4 5.4 7.2 9.2 10.0 12.1 14.4 16.9 19.4 20 508.0 193.1 1.5 1.8 2.4 3.1 4.1 4.8 5.9 7.9 10.0 10.9 13.1 15.6 18.1 20.8 22 558.8 234.7 1.6 1.9 2.6 3.3 4.5 5.2 6.4 8.5 10.8 11.7 14.1 16.7 19.4 22.2 24 609.6 279.6 1.8 2.1 2.9 3.6 4.8 5.6 6.9 9.2 11.5 12.5 15.1 17.8 20.7 23.6 26 660.4 330.0 1.9 2.3 3.1 3.9 5.2 6.1 7.4 9.8 12.3 13.4 16.1 18.9 21.9 25.0 28 711.2 383.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 4.2 5.6 6.5 8.4 10.5 13.1 14.2 17.1 20.0 23.2 26.4 30 762.0 440.6 2.2 2.6 3.5 4.5 5.9 6.9 8.4 11.1 13.9 15.0 18.0 21.2 24.4 27.8 32 812.8 502.4 2.3 2.8 3.8 4.8 6.3 7.3 8.9 11.7 14.7 15.9 19.0 22.3 25.7 29.2 34 863.6 568.2 2.5 2.9 4.2 5.0 6.7 7.7 9.4 12.4 15.4 16.7 20.0 23.4 26.9 30.6 36 914.4 638.1 2.6 3.1 4.2 5.3 7.0 8.2 9.9 13.0 16.2 17.5 20.1 24.5 28.2 32.0 40 1016.0 782.8 2.9 3.5 4.6 5.9 7.7 9.0 10.9 14.3 17.8 19.2 22.9 26.7 30.7 34.8 42 1066.8 840.0 3.0 3.6 4.9 6.1 8.1 9.4 11.5 14.9 18.6 20.1 23.9 27.9 32.0 36.2 44 1117.6 944.7 3.1 3.8 5.1 6.4 8.4 9.8 11.9 15.6 19.4 20.9 24.9 29.0 33.2 37.6 48 1219.2 1125.0 3.4 4.1 5.5 7.0 9.2 10.7 13.0 16.8 20.9 22.6 26.8 31.2 35.7 40.4 54 1371.6 1426.0 3.8 4.6 6.2 7.8 10.3 11.9 14.5 18.8 23.3 25.1 29.8 34.6 39.5 44.6 60 1524.0 1763.0 4.3 5.1 6.9 8.7 11.4 13.2 16.0 20.7 25.6 27.6 32.7 37.9 43.3 47.8
Nominal pipe size (B) Outside diamete r (mm) Interna l pipe water weight (kg/m)
Weight of cold-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)
25 30 40 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 1/2 21.7 - 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.8 3.6 5.1 7.9 8.2 8.9 12.6 12.2 16.7 3/4 27.2 - 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.9 3.0 3.9 5.3 8.2 8.8 9.5 13.0 13.2 17.3 1 34.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.2 4.1 5.6 8.6 9.1 9.8 13.6 13.6 18.1 1½ 48.6 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.7 4.7 6.3 9.5 10.1 10.9 14.9 15.0 19.7 2 60.5 2.2 1.1 1.7 2.0 2.8 4.1 5.1 6.8 10.1 10.9 11.8 14.2 16.2 18.8 2½ 76.3 3.6 1.3 1.6 2.3 3.2 4.6 5.7 7.5 11.1 12.1 13.0 17.4 17.8 22.9 3 89.1 5.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 5.0 6.2 8.1 12.1 13.0 14.0 18.8 19.1 24.8 4 114.3 8.7 1.8 2.2 3.1 4.1 5.9 7.1 9.2 13.3 14.7 15.9 20.7 21.6 27.2 6 165.2 18.9 2.4 2.9 4.1 5.4 7.5 9.1 11.5 16.2 18.3 19.7 25.2 26.8 32.9 8 216.2 32.9 3.0 3.7 5.2 6.7 9.2 11.0 13.9 19.2 21.9 23.5 29.7 31.9 38.7 10 267.4 50.7 3.7 4.5 6.2 8.0 10.9 12.9 16.2 22.1 25.5 27.4 34.2 37.0 44.5 12 318.5 72.9 4.3 5.3 7.2 9.3 12.5 14.8 18.5 25.1 29.1 31.3 38.7 42.2 50.3 14 355.6 92.7 4.8 5.8 8.0 10.2 13.7 15.9 20.2 27.2 31.7 34.0 41.9 45.9 54.5 16 406.4 122.1 5.4 6.6 9.0 11.5 15.4 18.1 22.5 30.1 35.3 37.9 46.4 51.0 60.2 18 457.2 155.6 6.1 7.3 10.0 12.7 17.1 20.1 24.8 33.1 38.9 41.7 50.9 56.1 66.0 20 508.0 193.1 6.7 8.1 11.0 14.0 18.7 22.0 27.1 36.0 42.4 45.5 55.3 61.2 71.7 22 558.8 234.7 7.3 8.9 12.0 15.3 20.4 23.9 29.4 38.9 46.0 49.4 59.8 66.3 77.4 24 609.6 279.6 8.0 9.6 13.0 16.6 22.0 25.8 31.6 41.9 49.6 53.2 64.2 74.2 83.2 26 660.4 330.0 8.6 10.4 14.9 17.9 23.4 27.7 33.9 44.8 53.2 57.0 68.7 76.5 88.9 28 711.2 383.8 9.3 11.2 15.1 19.1 25.4 29.6 36.2 47.8 56.7 60.9 73.2 81.7 94.7 30 762.0 440.6 9.9 11.9 16.1 20.4 27.0 31.6 38.5 50.7 60.3 64.7 77.7 86.8 100.4 32 812.8 502.4 10.5 12.7 17.1 21.7 28.7 33.5 40.8 53.6 63.9 68.5 82.1 91.9 106.2 34 863.6 568.2 11.2 13.5 18.2 23.1 30.3 35.4 43.1 56.6 67.5 72.4 86.6 97.0 111.9 36 914.4 638.1 11.8 14.2 19.2 24.2 32.0 37.3 45.4 59.5 74.2 80.3 95.8 112.0 128.9 40 1016.0 782.8 13.1 15.8 21.2 26.8 35.3 41.1 50.0 65.4 81.3 87.9 104.8 122.2 140.4 42 1066.8 840.0 13.7 16.5 22.3 28.1 37.0 43.0 52.4 68.3 84.9 91.7 109.2 127.4 146.1 44 1117.6 944.7 14.4 17.3 23.3 29.3 38.6 45.0 54.6 71.3 88.5 95.6 113.7 132.5 151.8 48 1219.2 1125.0 15.6 18.8 25.3 31.9 42.0 48.8 59.2 77.1 95.6 103.2 122.6 142.7 164.3 54 1371.6 1426.0 17.6 21.1 28.4 35.7 46.9 54.5 66.1 85.9 106.4 114.7 136.0 158.0 180.6 60 1524.0 1763.0 19.5 23.4 31.4 39.6 51.9 60.3 73.0 94.7 117.8 127.0 149.5 174.3 197.8
Normal pipe size schedule wall thick. (mm) weight (kg/m) weight of water (kg/m) a b c 1/2" -40 80 160 -Std Xs -XXS 5S 10S 40S 80S -1.65 2.11 2.77 3.73 4.75 7.47 0.801 1.000 1.266 1.619 1.941 2.551 0.254 0.230 0.196 0.151 0.110 0.032 3/4" -40 80 160 -Std XS -XXS 5S 10S 40S 80S -1.65 2.11 2.77 3.73 4.75 7.47 0.801 1.000 1.266 1.619 1.941 2.551 0.254 0.230 0.196 0.151 0.110 0.032 1" -40 80 160 -Std Xs -XXS 5S 10S 40S 80S -1.65 2.11 2.87 3.91 5.54 7.82 1.018 1.275 1.683 2.194 2.883 3.633 0.429 0.396 0.342 0.279 0.191 0.095 1¼ -40 80 160 -Std XS -XXS 5S 10S 40S 80S -1.65 2.77 3.38 4.55 6.35 9.09 1.292 2.089 2.499 3.232 4.232 5.445 0.711 0.609 0.557 0.463 0.336 0.182 1½ -40 80 160 -Std XS -XXS -5S 10S 40S 80S -1.65 2.77 3.68 5.08 7.14 10.16 13.34 16.51 0.740 0.740 4.045 5.404 7.231 9.536 11.474 12.915 0.689 0.655 1.313 1.139 0.905 0.613 0.366 0.183 2" -40 80 160 -Std XS -XXS -5S 10S 40S 80S -1.65 2.77 3.91 5.54 8.71 11.07 14.27 17.45 2.387 3.926 5.436 7.474 11.078 13.437 16.194 18.431 2.554 2.354 2.165 1.905 1.445 1.144 0.793 0.507 2½" -40 80 160 -Std XS -XXS -5S 10S 40S 80S -2.11 3.05 5.16 7.01 9.53 14.02 17.15 20.32 3.683 5.255 8.621 11.401 14897 20.388 23.607 26.384 3.719 3.514 30.89 2.734 2.284 1.588 1.179 0.825 Normal pipe size schedule wall thick. (mm) weight (kg/m) weight of water (kg/m) a b c 2½" -40 80 160 -Std XS -XXS -5S 10S 40S 80S -2.11 3.05 5.16 7.01 9.53 14.02 17.15 20.32 3.683 5.255 8.621 11.401 14897 20.388 23.607 26.384 3.719 3.514 30.89 2.734 2.284 1.588 1.179 0.825 3" -40 80 160 -std XS -XXS -5S 10S 40S 80S -2.11 3.05 5.49 7.62 11.10 15.24 18.42 21.59 4.509 6.444 11.280 15.254 21.311 27.651 31.977 35.801 5.625 5.372 4.762 4.262 3.494 2.680 2.130 1.641 4" -40 80 120 -160 -Std XS -XXS -5S 10S -40S 80S -2.11 3.05 4.78 6.02 8.56 11.10 12.70 13.49 17.12 20.32 23.50 5.834 8.349 12.739 16.058 22.293 28.216 31.788 33.499 40.985 47.046 52.560 9.524 9.182 8.631 8.200 7.411 6.667 6.191 5.983 5.030 4.262 3.558 6" -40 80 120 160 -Std XS -XXS -5S 10S -40S 80S -2.77 3.40 5.56 7.11 10.97 14.27 18.24 21.95 25.40 28.58 7.992 13.825 22.353 28.231 42.518 54.155 67.415 79.112 89.404 98.345 20.805 20.448 19.495 18.617 16.802 15.328 13.632 12.159 10.840 9.699 8" -20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 -Std -XS -5S 10S -40S -80S -2.77 3.76 5.56 6.35 7.04 8.18 10.31 12.70 15.06 18.24 20.62 23.01 25.40 28.58 14.748 19.942 29.228 33.276 36.758 42.488 53.039 64.573 75.704 90.229 100.840 111.153 121.194 134.107 35.821 35.106 34.080 33.454 33.008 32.279 30.939 29.466 28.037 26.192 24.838 23.513 22.241 20.594 a: ANSI B36.10 steel pipe schedule numbers
b: ANSI B36.10 steel pipe nominal wall thicknes designation c: ANSI B36.10 stainless steel pipe schedule numbers.
ormal pipe size schedule wall thick. (mm) weight (kg/m) weight of water (kg/m) a b c 10" -20 30 40 60 80 100 120 -140 160 -Std XS -5S 10S -40S 80S -3.40 4.19 5.56 6.35 7.80 9.27 12.70 15.06 18.24 21.41 22.23 25.40 28.58 31.75 38.10 22.546 27.829 36.654 41.729 50.956 60.242 81.463 95.735 114.486 132.746 137.330 154.965 172.109 188.732 220.535 55.658 54.914 53.872 53.277 52.087 50.747 48.069 46.283 43.902 41.669 41.074 38.842 36.609 34.526 30.508 12" -20 30 -40 -60 80 -100 -120 140 -160 -Std -XS -5S 10S -40S -80S -3.96 4.57 6.35 8.38 9.53 10.31 12.70 14.27 17.45 19.05 21.41 22.23 25.40 28.58 31.75 -31.237 36.014 49.676 65.138 73.755 79.663 97.357 108.876 131.720 143.164 159.534 165.040 186.753 207.870 228.586 -78.428 77.683 76.046 73.963 72.921 72.177 69.945 68.457 65.480 640141 61.909 61.165 58.486 55.807 53.277 51.938 14" -10 -20 -30 40 -60 -80 100 120 140 160 -Std -XS -5S 10S -3.96 4.78 5.33 5.56 6.35 7.14 7.92 8.74 9.53 11.10 11.91 12.70 15.06 15.88 19.05 23.80 27.76 31.75 35.71 34.228 41.223 45.985 47.920 54.631 61.313 67.980 74.707 81.210 94.307 100.899 107.284 126.362 132.866 157.941 194.551 224.225 253.320 281.446 94.798 93.905 93.458 93.161 92.417 91.524 90.631 89.738 88.845 87.357 86.315 85.571 83.190 82.297 79.172 74.409 70.689 66.969 63.397 Normal pipe size schedule wall thick. (mm) weight (kg/m) weight of water (kg/m) a b c 16" -10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 -Std XS -5S 10S -4.19 4.78 6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 16.66 21.41 26.19 30.94 36.50 40.46 41.669 47.622 62.578 77.922 93.131 123.177 159.980 203.078 245.298 286.164 332.819 364.770 124.264 123.520 121.734 119.799 117.716 113.846 109.233 103.727 98.369 93.161 87.208 83.190 18" -10 20 -30 -40 60 80 100 120 140 160 -Std -XS -5S 10S -4.19 4.78 6.35 7.92 9.53 11.10 12.70 14.27 19.05 23.80 29.36 34.93 39.67 45.24 46.134 53.575 70.525 87.848 105.051 122.121 139.071 155.888 205.623 254.108 309.484 363.326 408.106 459.121 158.046 157.302 155.218 152.986 150.605 148.670 146.438 144.354 137.955 131.705 124.561 117.865 112.060 105.661 20" -10 20 30 40 60 -80 100 120 140 160 -Std XS -5S 10S -4.78 5.54 6.35 9.53 12.70 15.06 20.62 22.23 26.19 32.54 38.10 44.45 49.99 59.528 68.457 78.472 116.972 154.965 182.9132 47.635 265.984 310.838 381.125 441.055 507.621 564.039 194.953 193.762 192.720 187.512 182.750 179.178 171.142 168.761 162.808 153.789 146.289 137.806 130.812 22" -10 20 30 -30 80 100 120 140 160 -Std XS -5S 10S -4.78 5.54 6.35 9.53 12.70 15.88 19.05 22.23 28.58 34.93 41.28 47.63 53.98 65.480 75.898 86.315 129.472 171.142 212.811 252.992 293.173 373.535 450.921 526.819 599.740 671.173 236.771 235.431 234.241 228.735 223.526 218.169 212.960 207.751 197.631 187.809 177.987 168.612 159.534
Normal pipe size schedule wall thick. (mm) weight (kg/m) weight of water (kg/m) a b c 24" 10 20 -30 -40 -60 80 100 120 140 160 -10 -20 -Std XS -Std XS -5S -6.35 9.53 12.70 17.27 15.88 17.45 19.05 5.54 22.23 24.59 30.94 38.89 46.02 52.37 59.51 6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 15.88 19.05 22.23 25.40 28.58 94.366 140.812 186.753 209.537 232.202 254.733 277.160 81.850 321.449 354.353 441.040 546.761 639.013 718.990 806.509 99.709 127.984 153.283 202.394 251.504 300.614 349.724 397.346 444.969 279.780 273.529 268.023 265.046 262.219 259.391 256.564 281.119 250.909 246.742 235.580 222.187 210.430 200.161 189.000 329.485 326.211 323.086 316.687 310.436 304.186 297.935 291.834 285.881 28" -10 -20 30 -Std XS -6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 15.88 19.05 22.23 25.40 28.58 110.126 136.913 165.189 218.764 272.339 324.425 376.512 428.598 480.685 382.911 379.488 375.917 369.071 362.225 355.528 348.831 342.283 335.735 30" -10 -20 30 40 -Std XS -5S 10S -6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 15.88 19.05 22.23 25.40 28.58 117.567 147.331 177.094 235.134 291.685 348.236 404.787 461.339 516.402 440.950 437.081 433.361 425.920 418.628 411.633 404.490 397.346 390.203 Normal pipe size schedule wall thick. (mm) weight (kg/m) weight of water (kg/m) a b c 32" -10 -20 30 40 -Std XS -6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 15.88 17.48 19.05 22.23 25.40 28.58 126.496 157.748 189.000 250.016 311.031 342.283 372.047 433.063 492.591 552.118 502.710 498.841 494.823 486.935 479.048 474.732 471.309 463.720 455.981 448.391 34" -10 -20 30 40 -Std XS -6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 15.88 17.48 19.05 22.23 25.40 28.58 133.937 166.677 200.906 266.386 331.866 364.606 395.585 461.339 525.331 587.835 568.488 564.470 559.857 551.820 543.189 538.873 535.004 526.968 518.783 510.746 36" -10 -20 30 40 -Std XS -6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 15.88 19.05 22.23 25.40 28.58 142.866 177.094 212.811 282.756 351.213 419.669 488.126 556.583 623.551 638.582 634.117 629.653 620.724 611.794 603.163 594.383 585.751 577.269 42" -20 30 40 -Std XS -6.35 9.53 12.70 15.88 19.05 25.40 31.75 38.10 166.677 248.528 330.3784 10.740 491.102 651.827 809.575 965.835 572.674 862.108 851.691 841.422 831.005 810.765 790.526 770.733
Loops designed according to these charts will be stressed to the allowable limit for A-53 Gr.B seamless Pipe. or equal, with LR elbows of the same thicikness as straight pipe.
Do not use for weaker material, or extraploate beyond the range of the charts. With long expansion lenghts and nested loops, investigate pipe movements. If thrusts are critical, consult stress section.
The distance between the guides. "G" is a minimum.
If there is not sufficient room to accommodate the depth of loop shown on the chart, then some relief can be found by widening the loop. This effect is small, and can only be counted on within the following limits:
To reduce H by 0.3m, increase W by 3.6m To reduce H by 0.6m, increase W by 7.2m If W > 6m then G ≥ 2W
H always ≥ 1.5m, even after reduction.
No. reduction of H greatr than 0.6m is permitted.
i.e., No increase of W greater than 7.2m permitted.
If it is desirable from a layout point of view, W may always be safely increased without any decrease on H, providing that:
W ≥ ½ anchor distance G ≥ 2W
For loops in which there is a vertical offset:
No credit may be taken if the dimensiion V is a minimum-i.e. fitting to fitting.
If V consists partly of straight pipe, the flexibility of the loop will be increased, and the amount of this increase shall be checked by stress engineer.
8. RACK STRUCTURE (for reference)
(1) Allow sufficient rack width between columns. (Refer para.5) (Reference example) Rack span by plant
(Unit : mm)
(2) For conditions of rack span, decision shall be made considering the following: 1) Mutual relation with plot of each machinery
2) Relation with pipe diameter
Decision on what the minimum pipe diameter of rack piping shall be and what the allowable bending of the minimum pipe diameter shall be.
3) Relation with pipe weight
Fluid weight of pipe, pipe weight, valve weight and insulation weight. 4) Support for special piping
Relation with piping whose support span is short, such as copper, many kinds of plastic and glass lining pipes.
5) Relation with deflection
If deflection of pipe is too great, drainage is not good, fluid which is in the slurry state of high boiling point produces crystals and condensible vapor such as steam and dowtherm vapor causes water hammering.
Type of plant Rack span Urea plant (600∼2,000 T/Y) 6000
Pitch Coke Plant 6000
Ethylene plant (200,000∼300,000 T/Y) 10000 Methanol, Polybuthyl, Refinery 6000 ∼ 8000
(3) Basically, do not use assembled column for rack column.
(4) For rack column around structure or building, use columns of structure or building column together if possible, and allow easy access from the ground.
(5) If necessary, rack shall be grounded.
(6) Rack column shall be fire proofed where necessary.
Construction method and range of fire proof shall be in accordance with the job specific requirements.
(7) If rack is long (specially for O.S.B.L), provide one joint
bolt slot at the beam connection at every 50∼60m to absorb the thermal expansion from temperature changes. And, do not joint the crossing rack each other.
(8) If there is expansion loop, or a lot of branch piping is expected to the unit on the rack, indicate it on the structure planning drawing of the below form.
(9) Basically, ladders shall be installed at every 40∼60m of the rack considering the relation of each area and cat way.
(10) Install bracing on the rack within the range that it does not interfere with pipe run,
(11) Examples of rack structure
1) 1 level rack (there is also reinforced concrete.) : L = 6 m
2) 2 level
① Normal structure (number of beam is 2 : one on the upper and the other on the lower) : L = 6 m
② When beam is one : L = 6 m
③ When beam is structured with truss : L = 10∼15m
9. History of This Manual
Rev. Date Description
4 1996. 11. 15 (1) Progress of Enactment
This manual is enacted in accordance with Engineering Division Strategic Plan, regarding the work of the rack piping.
(2) Written by : (Piping Engineering Team) Koh Bong Hwan, Lee Joo Sang Editorial Supervisor : Jeong Kyung Hwa
5 1998. 9. 28 (1) This manual is revised in accordance with piping design team Strategic Plan of 1998, regarding the work of the rack piping. (2) Piping engineerirng team
Written by : Mr. H.C. Chang, Lee joo sang Reviewed by : Jeong kyung hwa