Chapter 1 -INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO STUDY
This is a bona-fide report of the “Organizational study” at DC Books, Kottayam in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MBA of Mahatma Gandhi University at Saintgits Institute of Management at Kottayam, Kerala.
This study conducted at DC Books, aims at knowing how, the organization is being structured. The study reveals the channel of flow of communication, the function of each department, how they function as part of the organization in order to achieve the goals of the organization, SWOT analysis etc. The study is intended to access and acquire the knowledge regarding the functional as well as the management aspects of the firm.
Scope and significance of the study
The study is intended to provide managerial insight to a management student. If will enable the researcher to learn the realities of an organization and also provide more confidence. The scope of the study is confined to the few departments and their functions. The study also enables in getting a feel about how business executives operate in their work settings.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To study the organizational structure and hierarchal relationship of DC Books.
To understand the functions of various department and know how they control and co-ordinate various departments to achieve the organizational goal.
To understand the printing and publishing industry through DC Books.
To conduct SWOT analysis at DC Books
Sources of data
Primary data were collected through observation and interview. Direct personal interview was conducted, to have a better understanding of the various functions of their respective areas of work and also interacting with the workers, staff, officers, managers and other employees of various departments of the organization. Secondary data
Secondary data were collected from sources like past company records, journals, magazines and websites of the organization.
Chapter 2 ORGANIZATION AND PROFILE
2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE
The publishing industry is made up of a number of relatively discreet sectors. Through the different sectors of the publishing industry many organizations are making available information, education and entertainment content available, especially online. A notable feature of the sectoral structure is the general tendency to develop “cultures” for each sector.
Sectors of publishing industry
Book Publishing : Book publishers deal in the commissioning, development and packaging of intellectual property to create printed and electronic publications for sale. The publisher then copyedits, proofreads, typesets, designs and prints the book. They promote the titles to wholesalers, retailers, online „e-trailers‟ as well as direct to organisations and individuals for sale. They sell rights to publish their content in different languages and license the use of text and words for different media.
The sector is characterised by a few large, dominant publishing houses and many small, independent and specialist publishers. There are several sub-sectors within book publishing:
• Children‟s publishing – including picture books, fiction, non-fiction and reference • Educational publishing – including teaching and learning materials and resources • Specialist, academic and professional publishing
• Illustrated publishing • Travel guides
• Fiction, poetry and non-fiction • Audio books
• General trade
Directory and database publishing: These publishers produce mailing lists, telephone books, and other types of directories. These directories would be compiled, edited and distributed by the publisher or by an outsourced supplier. The transition from print to fully searchable and integrated online products and databases has changed the industry significantly. Today, many directories and databases are now accessed wholly online, and are sometimes free of charge at the point of access. Some forms of directory includes consumers directory, business-to-business directories and online-only directories.
Periodicals: The periodicals industry defines itself as magazines and business media. There are three key sub-sectors:
Consumer magazines: Includes printed titles sold through retailer for the relevant consumer interest groups.
Business to business publishing: Includes titles that are based around occupations, industries or professional interest, which may incorporate other „business media‟ such as web portals, online updates, databases and directories, conferences and events.
Customer or contract publishing: Including titles that are commissioned for a corporate customer, usually as part of their marketing or promotional activity that are produced and sent out to their customers for retention, loyalty or dissemination reasons.
Newspapers: It provides news based information services and can be distributed free of charge or brought at a newsstand or in a retail outlet. The main functions of a newspaper company are: editorial; reporting; sub-editing; typesetting; photography and imaging; printing; advertising; circulation; distribution; website; IT; finance; HR; legal; and management.
Academic publishing: Academic publishers are typically either book or periodical publishers that have specialized in academic subjects. Some, like university presses, are owned by scholarly institutions. Others are commercial businesses that focus on academic subjects. One of the key functions that academic publishers provide is to manage the process of peer review i.e., role of facilitating the impartial assessment
of research. Today, an alternative approach to the corporate model is open access, the online distribution of individual articles and academic journals without charge to readers and libraries.
Emerging trend
Digital Book publishing
The advent of the Internet has provided the electronic way of book distribution without the need of physical printing, physical delivery and storage of books. This may pose a challenge to the publishers, distributors and retailers. But today many book publishers are actually moving quite fast to e-books.
Printing and publishing industry: Indian scenario
India is one of the fastest growing English markets in the world with its huge population by which the publishing industry is largely driven. The strong readership basecoupled with the retail revolution and entry of global brands, provide huge potential for growth and investment in the printing and publishing industry in India.
The growth drivers behind the printing and publication industry in India can be attributed to the following:
The increase in the literacy rate of the nation
Diversity of Indian languages and high International exposure.
India‟s growing consumer class and increasing awareness.
Some of the international publishers have now started relying on Indian publishers who are suitably equipped to provide satisfactory printing works. In fact, the some other factors that add on to the confidence to rely on such market is the advantage of its geographic location, catering to the needs of the developing countries while it being the largest English knowing talented manpower.
Besides, there are other factors that have improved the scope for the industry which is the increase in the number of writers in India, and with more and more new authors finding ways to make it to the market. But in-effect the industry is not a one-click solution and with all the content out there, it is not simple for an author to stand out in the crowd, multiple factors operate when it comes to the success of any book. Some of these are the content, the right launch and platform, marketing initiatives, finding the right audience and of course, how the book is priced.
Emerging online media
The emergence of online media is a big opportunity that India cannot afford to overlook. In fact, Indian e-publishing industry has been offering an immense outsourcing opportunity which is entirely a new trend.
Today, the success of the industry depends more and more on quality, reduced pricing and fewer but sturdier players. Thus, publishing services outsourcing is another emerging option in India.
Markets
The Indian publishing market is estimated at Rs 20,000 crore (~ US$ 4.5 Billion) which consist of books, magazines and newspapers. The books market is estimated to be Rs. 13,000 crore (~ US$ 2.9 billion) , which is segmented into education and non-education books market. The magazines market is estimated to be 1 5 per cent of the total market, which is Rs. 3,000 crore (~ Us $670 million). Magazine advertising revenues are Rs. 1, 400 crore, while circulation revenues are Rs. 500 crore.The newspapers market is estimated at rs 4,000 crore (~ US$ 890 million). The advertising revenue figures go upto Rs.8000cr and circulation revenues are Rs. 5000cr.
Markets Demand
The printing industry in India is flourishing far and wide across the country in every dimension like its progression from the heavy machinery using industry to a more software centric business. The Indian printers are today equipped with the latest computer controlled printing machines and flow lines for binding, while state-of-the-art digital technologies are used in pre-press.
The technological advancement has made the growth more rigorous and competitive. Consequently, technology, research and training are areas that offer opportunities for foreign collaboration and joint ventures to ensure constant progress in the field of printing and publishing industry.
The newspaper industry is the sector that is predominantly driving the demand for printing machinery. The speedy dissemination of news and a growing awareness among people have resulted in the wider circulation of newspapers. This growth is mainly driven by not only domestic publishers but also by foreign publishers that are interested in entering the Indian market.
India is the sixth largest book publishing country in the world and third largest publisher of English titles after the United States and the United Kingdom. In addition to English, the Indian publishing industry publishes in 24 regional languages to meet the local needs of the population. There are almost 16,000 publishers registered in India, publishing 80,000 titles annually in 24 languages, 18 of which are prominent and used by millions of people.
The Indian publishing market is being increasingly recognized by the global players for its potential utilization. India has been the guest of honour at the 2006 Frankfurt Book Fair and Beijing International Book Fair 2010, and Graph Expo 2007 in Chicago had an India Day.
The magazine/periodical market in India is another potential area. With a number of international magazines expanding operations in India, the market is expected to grow fast, in spite of the growth of online and social media. Some of the major Indian players are: The Times of India Group, Dainik Jagran, The Hindustan Times and The Hindu. Some of the foreign magazines that have already entered the market include; Vogue, GQ, Cosmopolitan, Elle, Autocar, Marie Claire, Harper‟s Bazaar, Wall Street Journal, International Herald Tribune, The Economist, Forbes, Fortune, BBC Knowledge, Time Out, Maxim, People, Rolling Stone and Entrepreneur.
Major Publishing companies in India
Penguin Books India Rupa Publications
Srishti Publishers and distributors
Pustak Mahal (Cedar Books)
Allied Publishers Ananda Publishers DC Books
Dey's Publishing
Islamic Publishing House Jaico Publishing House Jaypee Brothers
Kathashilpa Publishing House
Macmillan Publishers First Sign Books
Pilgrims Publishing
South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society Ltd.
State Institute of Encyclopaedic Publications
Taxmann Publications
Regulatory frameworks
DC Books has intellectual property rights for publishing books, and some other rights for other functioning. They are explained below:
Copy Rights
The books, journals and CD-ROMS published under DC Books, DC Infotech, Current Books Tumbi and Kairali Children's Book Trust are held under DC copyright. Copy right is a license for publishing books. DC‟s books strongly protect copyright on behalf of their authors and themselves by imploring others not to misuse any material. Any misuse may attract a fine, when material held under copyright is reproduced or translated.
The HR Department at DC Books handles rights acquisition and selling rights for books and journals published by DC Books, Current Books, Mango, Kairali Mudralayam and KCBT. The Department deals with Translation Rights/Subsidiary Rights and general copyright matters.
Translation Rights
DC Books has the right to distribute Malayalam translations of foreign language works and children's literature. The languages which are going to translate mentioned in the application and DC Books took license from Copyright Board, with a condition that the company should pay to the owner of the copyright in the work royalties in respect of copies of the translation of the work sold to the public.
Property rights
The properties of DC Books was owned by late Shri DC Kizhakemuri, who is the founder of DC Books, which is a private limited company. After his death, according to the Transfer of Property Act, his son Ravi Deecee, CEO has the rights for the property of DC Books. His wife Ratheema Ravi, Executive Director is also a partner of properties. After that, their son Mr.Govind has the right to take the properties of DC Books. The property rights measures the degree to which a country‟s laws protect private property rights, and the degree to which its government enforces those laws.
Patent right
The contents or informations appearing in the books is identical. Description of the invention in another publications spoil novelty. Novelty is assessed in a global context. An invention will cease to be novel if it has been disclosed in the public through any type of publications anywhere in the world before filing a patent application in respect of the invention. DC Books has right to get patent for their publications. Therefore it is important to file a patent application before publishing a paper if there is a slight chance that the invention may be patentable.
Royalty
Book publishing royalties are paid by the DC Books, instituted a standard royalty of 30-40%, as well as the system of an 'advance' payment for their books. Author's royalty rate is dictated by its HR department. Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the books or a fixed price per unit sold. The author grants the publisher the right to publish the work, as protected by copyright law. The amount is paid is different for all writers.
e-books right
It is not possible to transfer ownership of an e-book to another person. DC Books claim that digital rights management is to prevent copying of the e-book. it is also possible that digital rights management will result in the complete denial of access by the purchaser to the e-book.
2.2 COMPANY PROFILE
DC Books was founded in 1974 by Padmabhushan late Dominic Chacko Kizhakemuri, known as D.C. Kizhakemuri or just DC amongst literary Kerala. A man of the masses, DC Kizhakemuri was the first columnist in Malayalam who went beyond his skills as a writer with his sparkling wit and sheer brilliance. DC Kizhakemuri is the visionary, publisher and guiding force of DC Group.
He along with his friends Ponkunnam Varkey, P T Chacko and K J Thomas opened a bookstore called National Book Stall in Kottayam. Soon after that, DC became the Secretary of the Sahitya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangam, a cooperative venture of Malayalam writers. The society helped writers with the business and publishing details and instituted a standard royalty of 30-40%, as well as the system of an 'advance' payment for their books, financially enabling them to devote themselves to writing full-time. In 1977, Current Books became its sister concern. In 2001, DC Books partnered with Puzha.com to launch dcbooks.com, an Indian local language bookstore with over 4,000 titles. In 2004, DC Books partnered with Corner Books to open a New Delhi branch for Keralites in Delhi. Currently DC Books has a chain of 45 branches and 55 agencies across Kerala. DC Books has published around 10,000 titles so far, and has been highly successful in making available reasonably-priced books to the public.
DC Books is the distributor for Malayalam translations of foreign language works and children's literature. DC Books brought out translations of works of well-known Indian and foreign authors. Some of the major translations brought out by the publishers are „S Freedom at Midnight‟ by Dominic Lapiere and Larry Collins, „Road Back to Nature‟ by M. Fukuoka and „One Hundred Years of Solitude‟ by Gabriel Garcica Marquez.
D C Books at Kottayam houses an art gallery, which hosts exhibits of modern and traditional paintings and sculptures. An array of modern and traditional paintings and sculptures created by established artists are exhibited here.
Dc books as publishers and book retailers.
As a publisher, DC Books aim to attract the best authors and publishers. In Indian sub-continent, they have published the best words in Malayalam and English Languages. DC Books have already published more than 5000 titles in areas such as lineage, moral science, humanities etc. Now DC Books believe in retailing. It has a chain of bookshops belonging to various categories like neighbourhood bookshop, tourist bookshops , last minute bookshop, airport bookshop etc.
DC Books together with Current Books have an extensive network of bookstores and agencies across Kerala. This act as the major channel for the distribution of books published elsewhere. It is also the publishers and authorized dealers of many Indian and Forgein publication and reference books.
Translations
DC Books has done almost 1000 books in translation from other indian titles and authors ranging from The Holy Bible, the Upanishads to Manquez, Fukuoka, Octovia Paz, Kahilil Gibran, Gunte Grass and Jose Saramago. DC Books had tied up with Manjul Publications, who holds the right for The Harry Potter series in India , to bring out Harry Potter in Malayalam and also distributes the publications. DC Books Kottayam, translated T.N Seshann‟s “Degeneration of India” into Malayalam, which sold 2 lakh copies while original sold less than 3000 copies and got into „The Limca Books Records 2001‟ i.e., “Translation beats the original”.
Vision
„A disinterested endeavour to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world’ DC Books is committed to quality in whatever it ventures into, be it publishing, retailing, or the perfect service to the customer. Their vision is to make their presence felt in every corner of the country through their stores and services, to make each of their stores a one-stop-shop for a complete reading experience bringing the best that has ever been published in the world of print. They thrive in upholding the rich cultural tradition of the land thereby helping to reach out to the people through the printed word. Their 46 stores have reached even the most remote districts touching the lives of all sections of society. Their promotions and schemes have added to the enrichment that their bookstores have established.
Mission
Their mission is to reach out to the maximum number of people. They hope to bring the goodness of literature to every man‟s doorstep thereby making him a richer person. DC Books has made its mark in the book publishing industry by using unique innovative processes and is one of the first to bring technology to the publishing industry. In fact it has played a major role in keeping the prices of Malayalam books rather low in the market making it highly affordable to the public. DC Books boasts of about 80% share in book publishing in the state.
Milestone
In 1974, August 29- DC Books was established In 1975, DC published its first book in translation.
In 1977, November 1- DC took over Current Books which then had only 6 branches and made them into retail outlets.
In 1978, Kairali Mudralayam was started through which it brought out a number of books.
In the year 1980- DC started Kairali Children‟s Book trust under the Charitable Societies Act with the aim of providing quality books at lower price.
In 1989, May- DC Books started Malayalam DTP (Desktop Publishing), the first in Indian regional languages.
In 2001, August 1- DC Books got ISO Certification, recertified in 2004.
In the year 2005, DC Books brought out the maximum of titles (744) among all Indian Publishers.
DC Books is one among the few publishers who was successful in under-taking the publishing process starting from publish, print, market, sell and finally promote the book. Apart from ensuring the acquisition of right talents, fostering and remunerations made on time, it has grown to be able to successfully develop and co-create their publishing programme in consultation with the public them.
Their list of illustrious authors who have stayed with them for decades includes almost all writers from Kerala including Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, SK Pottekkat, OV Vijayan, Kamala Das, ONV Kurup, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Paul Zachriah, MT Vasudevan Nair, M Mukundan. Many of the books written by their first time authors have become best sellers.
Many of their books have been translated into different languages travelling across regional and national boundaries. Books like „Autobiography of a Nun‟ by Sr. Jesme and „Autobiography of a Sex Worker‟ by Nalini Jameela have got media attention both in India and abroad. These books have also been published by renowned publishers like Acte Sud of France and Penguin India. They co-publish with prestigious publishing houses such as Sage, Scholastic, Harper Collins and Mahatma Gandhi University to name a few. Their strong editorial culture with attention to detail has ensured that DC Books always feature in the bestseller list. They continuously innovate in publishing and retailing. They also nurture new talent and new formations. Excellent printing and production have won us several Federation of Indian Publishers (FIP) awards. In fact to date DC Books has bagged the maximum number of awards for book production from FIP, New Delhi. Current Books is one of the leading publisher, which is a sister concern of DC Books.
Promotors
Mr. Ravi DeeCee
Mrs. Ratheema Ravi DeeCee Mrs. Ponnamma DeeCee Ms. Thara Joseph
Ms. Meera Anil
Top management
DC Books is a private company under the control of the owner and CEO Mr. Ravi DeeCee. The Chief Executive Officer of the company is the Managing Director who shall exercise powers, subject to the overall control and supervision of the company‟s crucial decisions. The Managing Director is the topmost official and has given delegation of authority to the Executive Director , Ratheema Ravi. The Managing Director is the operational head of the company supported by General Manager and Deputy General Managers for different functional areas. Managers and Deputy Managers will assist the General Manager and Deputy General Manager.
Ravi Deecee, Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Ravi Deecee is a known name in the publishing industry as CEO of DC Books. DC Books is famed for its innovation in book production and nurturing of many a talented writer. The son of the late DC Kizhakemuri, Padmabhushan Awardee, a freedom fighter, social activist won many awards in publishing from the Federation of Indian Publishers and been an adv isor on various India Government Committees. He has presented papers in m any international events including Frankfurt Book Fair and serves on the Advisory Board of Germ an Book Office, New Delhi, Vice President of Federation of Indian Publishers South),
New Delhi and Co Group member of the Indus Entrepreneur (TiE) to name a few. Ratheema DeeCee, Executive Director
Ratheema Ravi is the wife of Mr. Ravi Deecee who is the Executive Director of the company. She is also in the top management team. Her tasks are more challenging, she handles scheduling, logistics and translator management as well. In a year, around 1600 titles are controlled by herself.
Sister concerns
DC Books
Kairali Mudralayam
Kairali Children's Book Trust
DC Press Private Limited
DC Kizhakemuri Foundation
Current Books
DC Info Tech
DeeCee International Trading Corporation
Kairali Pusthakashala
DCB Trust
DC Activity Centre
Mango
DC Bed & Breakfast Gitanjali
DC Books Online Bookstore
Radio DC 90.4 MHz
DC Art Gallery
Employment condition
The better employment conditions of an organization can lead the employees to improve their efficiency and skills. It also results sincere work from the side of employees. There are around 500 employees in DC Books. Their working hours is 8 hours which is from 9am to 5:30pm including the lunch break. Employees have half an hour for lunch, which is from 1pm to 1:30pm. The salary of employees is another major factor that drive an employee‟s to work, and they range from Rs.5000/- to Rs.50000/-. For trainees it is starting from Rs.1000 onwards. In addition to salary, the company offers provident fund, ESI, gratuity, group insurance and bonus. Bonus will be given in festival seasons. Other benefits are given at the end of every year. 10% basic salary is given for house rent allowance.
Working conditions
DC Books providing good working conditions to their employees. The building is protected with fire preventing equipment. First aid boxes are also provided to employees. Employees are satisfied with their separate cabins and computers. A lunch hall is provided to employees, which will help to create an informal relationship with top management. There are separate rest rooms, wash rooms and bathrooms given for ladies and gents. Uniform for workers and ID Cards for all employees are also given. Each department is facilitated with space for visitors.
DC Books allows employees to take 26 holidays in a year. Out of which 12 holidays are compulsory to be taken in a year. Remaining 14 holidays can be taken as their wish or can be surrendered in DC Books. 10% basic salary shall be given as house rent allowance. Sunday is holiday for all staffs.
Awards and achievements
Awards:
FIP (Federation of Indian Publishers) award for the young publishers.
FIP excellence in Book publishing award for DC Books.
FIP distinguished book sellers award for Current Books
Akshara Puraskaram for the best publisher in Kerala
In 2004 alone, won five awards in the General, Reference, Paperback, House Magazine, and catalogues categories for their: Malayalam Encyclopedia, Thesaurus, Charithrakaandom, Pachakuthira.
Achievements:
The first publishers/book sellers in India to get ISO 9000 Certification.
First publisher of Akilaviknjanakosham Desk Encyclopedia CD-ROM, in India.
First publisher to publish the complete works of Shakespeare in Malayalam.
Attended 26th Congress of International Publishers Association at Buenos Aires, Argentina.
In 2004 alone, DC Books brought out 531 titles, the maximum number among Indian publishers.
Major Competitiors
H & C Publications, Cochin SISO Books
Olive Publications private limited, Calicut Laxmi Publications
Pen Books Private Limited, Kochin Mathrubhumi books, Calicut
Malayala-manorama Books, Kottayam National Books, Trivandrum
Haritham Books, Kacheripady, Ernakulam Chintha Publications, Trivandrum
Book Market for DC Books
Academic Market
The Academic Market Division of DC Books was started in the year 2004 and within a short span of time the division was able to expand its activities to obtain a substantial market share in Kerala. The major supplier of books for many well-known institutions, DC Books Academic Market
division aims to furnish books in various subjects including Engineering, Medicine, Management, Arts and Science for students, faculty and libraries.
The efficient procurement department with its experienced buyers ensures the availability of national and international titles for its customers. The division has direct account with most of the known national and international publishing houses and provides books and scientific & laboratory equipment to Kerala‟s most prestigious universities and Research Institutes including IIMs.
The Academic Marketing Division has showrooms at the following locations: Trivandrum Kottayam Ernakulam Trichur Kozhikode Koramangala, Bangalore Commercial Market
Corporate sales: The Corporate Sales Division was initiated in the year 2007 for catering to the
needs of the corporate world. With its activities based in Ernakulam, Bangalore and Trivandrum, the division gives regular updates to corporate customers on their respective domains such as the latest books, their availability etc.
Books for Libraries: The DC Books supplies books as per the requirements of libraries. Direct
accounts with the publishers enable the Division to supply books to its clients without any delay. Some of the facilities provided include door delivery, credit facility, books on call and updates on books under various domains. At present the division acts as the exclusive supplier of books for many major libraries. A dynamic programme for managing the libraries has also been initiated.
Books as gifts: In most of the companies, institutions and organizations, books are given as gifts to
the employees, clients, well-wishers and guests. The DC Books has a large collection of such books that are ideal as gifts for corporate clients. The main activity of this department is to make available such books to various companies as per order and on time.
Book exhibitions: Book exhibitions are organized by the Clubs, Association, Institutions etc. as per
to be exhibited are decided by the clients. Regular exhibitions are also conducted by the division for inculcating reading habits and for promotional purposes.
Study materials: The DC Books supplies School textbooks from LKG to Class XII for CBSE/ICSE
and STATE schools. Supply of work books and other school products are also undertaken. DC has an exclusive wing to cater to the requirements of school libraries. The company has a customized catalogue for schools and is the exclusive supplier of books for many school libraries.
Co-branded Gift Vouchers: Co-branded vouchers as good gift items are available at the
organization in various denominations for corporate clients. People can be redeemed for purchase of books from DC Book‟s retail stores and exhibitions.
Souvenirs: DC Books has an exclusive collection of books ideal to be distributed/ gifted as
souvenirs. These are the commercial markets of DC Books.
Retail Market
Current Books is the retail outlet of DC Books, soon extended its activities and started new stores all over Kerala. Current Books started off as a small bookstore in the year 1952. With 50 stores, DC Books now has the largest book retailing space in India- the largest (4000 sq.ft) at Chitoor Road, Ernakulam and the smallest store (200 sq ft) at the Kochi International Airport.
The largest sellers of Malayalam publications in the State, the bookstores deal in DC‟s own publications and titles spread across all languages and genres including fiction, spirituality, self-help, travel, parenting, world literature, science, home making, academics, arts, translations, children‟s literature and so on.
e-books Market
e-books are too new in DC Books. It is the digital versions of printed books, which are distributed through the Internet. These files can be read on e-Readers, tablets, personal computers, smart phones, and also on some mobile phones. DC Books published e-books in a variety of file formats. PDF and e-PUB (e-publication) are the e-book file formats used by DC Books. Around 30 books are only available in their e-book category. e-PUB is an extensible mark up language, like the HTML used for websites. The text adapts to a user‟s device. In contrast, a PDF document is like a series of photographs, every page will show up on the screen exactly like the designer laid it out. By publishing e-books, they can increase the number of readers.
Suppliers to dc books
DC Books belief in providing quality service to its customers ensures the achievement of efficiency by identifying the right supplier that can provide with quality raw materials at an affordable price. The major suppliers of the DC Books are the suppliers of paper, ink, fuel, plates and printing equipment. Paper prices have remained relatively stable over the years; the price may be 30 to 40 percent of the cost of book. Paper roll is supplied by Euro pack, S.L Exports and Ispa Exim Pvt Ltd, Ink and fuel is supplied by Vishv Vijay Pvt Ltd, Kuwer Industries Ltd and Zircon Technologies India Ltd. The plates used for PDF imposition is purchased from Fuji Film and Tech Nova. Also important suppliers are providers of transportation by Tata motor‟s 407autos and vans, electricity by KSEB, and postal and messenger services by Post & Telegram Department. Transportation services deals with DC Books itself. Electricity and postal services are provided by KSEB and Post and Telegram department by government respectively.
DC Books using laser printer for printing the books, that is a modern printing machines. Among the printing machines and equipment used by DC‟s press are the following:
Laser printer, binding machine, trimming machine, computers, computer printers, scanners, electronic pre-press equipment, photocopying machine, CTP machine and laminating machine etc.
The major suppliers of these machineries and equipments are the following: HP Printers, Gabbar Engineering company, ACME Machinery company, Harpreet Machine tools, Ludhiana knife trimmer, Dell, Sony, HP scanners, Neminath Computer India, Zhengzhou Aone Graphic Co Ltd.
Even though DC Books adopts new and efficient technologies which are ultimately directly imported from abroad, the company mostly depend on local distributors for their printing equipment and for their spare parts as it is easy to ensure proper maintenance and repair of these machines without delay.
2.3 PRODUCT PROFILE
The premier publishing house of Kottayam has published almost 6500 different books on various subjects. There are about 34 DC bookshops stationed in Kerala. DC Books publishes 1000 titles in a year pertaining to different categories such as fiction, poetry, management, biographies, references, self-help, children's literature and so on.
Book Categories
Agriculture & Gardening
Architecture
Art & Photography
Articles & Jottings
Astrology
Autobiography & Biography
Children's Literature
Collections & Selected Works
Computer & Internet
Cookery
Criticism
Dictionary
Drama
Education & Study Aid
Epics & Myths
Health & Fitness
History Humour Literature Mathematics Medical Memoirs Music Non Fiction Novel Philosophy Photo Album Play Poems Politics Psychology Quotations Research & Experiments Self Help Sexuality Spirituality Sports Stories Study Travelogue Folklore Science Fiction Religion Essays Reference Screenplay
18 e-books
It is the digital versions of printed books, which are distributed through the Internet. These files can be read on e-Readers, tablets, personal computers, smart phones, and also on some mobile phones. DC Books published e-books in a variety of file formats. PDF and e-PUB (e-publication) are the e-book file formats used by DC Books. Wink is a devise that was launched between August-September 2010 as a delivery mechanism, which offers a one-stop e-shop access to e-reading content of choice. Wink will have models ranging from Rs 7,000.via thewinkstore.com. Wink supports 15 Indian languages in e-book format. It is the only device to support non-Roman scripts Wink created a sustainable ecosystem consisting of the Winkstore, books and magazine publishers, authors, aggregators, telecom providers, OEMs and corporate that ensures that readers can access rich published content in a convenient digital form from anywhere in the world . The digital platform consists of a white labelled digital magazine or book site and apps for Android smart phones and tablets, the iPad, iPhone, the Kindle Fire, PC and Mac.
Book Shops
DC Books, the first ISO Certified Publishing house in India is having a retail chain of 45+ Bookshops along with many other outlets which operates within supermarkets, hotels, hospitals, offices, shopping malls, temples, textile shops and bakeries in Kerala, Karnataka and so on. The stores are categorized as DC Bestsellers, DC Books Corners and DC Books.
DC Bestsellers have a maximum of 50 best selling and new books on a 3 ft x 4 ft rack
DC Book Corners have around 120-150 fast moving titles
DC Books is a full-fledged stores within stores with over a few thousand titles
There are also Online Bookstore that has been developed for easy the navigation and convenience. It enables the confirmation on the availability of your favourite books and makes possible, purchase of books easily and securely. DC Books Online Bookstore is your mega store for thousands of novels, poems, biographies, screenplays, children‟s literature and many more, that too in various languages.
Reading books continues to be one of the most popular leisure-time occupations around the world, not with the increasing use and significance of the Internet in our daily lives. There are a lot of customers for publishing industry. Customer books, sometimes called Mass market books, continue to increase as a percentage of overall book sales. In this mass market category, sales of books for children and young adults have grown steadily.
19
Store within a store is a novel concept introduced in Kerala by DC Books. Now, around 260 such outlets is operating within supermarkets, hotels, hospitals, offices, shopping malls, temples, textile shops and bakeries in Kerala and Karnataka and New Delhi. The number of outlets continues to grow. They are another category of customers in DC Books.
The following are the list of customers under Store to store outlets:
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Varkey‟s Supermarket V-mart Ashish Supermarket GDS, Chelari My Kingdom Le-mars Aysha Textiles Baby Care Amritha Hospital Lakeshore Hospital
Little Flower, Angamaly
Amaraa
Spiritual counters
DC Books started spiritual counters as an outlet for religious and similar themed books. For convenience, such counters are usually positioned near pilgrim and spiritual centers.
The following are the list of customers under Spiritual counters:
Sree Books, Thali
Neelagiris Poojastore, Kozhikkode
Sreekrishna, Thiruvananthapuram
Vishwa Hindu Books, Kaloor
Maruthi, Thriypriyar
Agencies
DC Books has more than 50 agencies or branches across Kerala, they are considered as DC‟s own customers.
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3.1 PLANNING IN THE COMPANY
3.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE WITH ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
The main departments in DC Books are:
1. Publication department 2. Production department
3. Marketing & Sales department 4. Finance department
22 6. Administration department
7. Systems department 8. Purchase department
9. Store Operations department
3.3 FUNCTIONAL AREA ANALYSIS
PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT Publication department structure
Since DC Books was started with an objective of publishing books, publication department has the most prominent place in the organisation. This department does receiving, analysing and processing of manuscripts. The decision making is done in the publication committee meeting, which will be held on every Thursday. In this meeting they will put forward the new manuscripts for getting approval. Then these approved manuscripts are handed over to the editors for editing and correction and they are passed in to the Production Department for DTP, final correction and printing.
The scope of this department is the publication of materials from the authors. Main purpose of publication department is adequate control and effectiveness of publication activities. This department is also responsible for sponsoring book projects, strategies, and initiatives for the organisation. Its functions include:
Collection of manuscripts: The first function of this department is to collect the manuscripts from writers.
The manuscripts will be in handwritten and rough format. Then, they are taking a specific time period for reading it. So, the time period will be inform to the respective authors.
CEO
General Manager (Publication
Process)
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Selecting authors for publication: DC Books dealing with hundreds of projects a year. They also consider
the reputation of authors. Therefore this department is responsible for make contacts with potential authors and also receives submissions directly from authors themselves. But, they select the best manuscripts and rejecting others. It aims to keeping the reputation and goodwill of the firm.
Evaluating manuscripts for quality test: This department has the responsibility to assure that a manuscript
meets the standards of excellence set by the organization. The editor in this department evaluating the manuscript will depend on his own expertise and taste, perhaps. Along with that, other colleagues at same department, and also depend the advice of outside editors. It reports the value of a manuscript.
Budgeting a title: Editorial, marketing, and production expertise will each contribute to the creation of a
budget for a book. The department will evaluate what a particular manuscript will cost to edit, design, and manufacture, and how much effort and cost will go into its marketing. It is also considering the cost of paper, printing, and binding.
Editing: This department deals with the making of a book from the manuscript stage to what finally appears
on the book shelves in the market. The manuscript editor is responsible for correcting style and punctuation with the help of computer, and raise questions about clarity and intention. Editing function has many stages, from suggesting structural changes to checking for grammatical mistakes without any lost in the essence of content and present the book in a manner that will appeal to the readers. Copyediting is takes place under publication department in the organization, and under the watchful eye of the associate editor.
Designing: The books are designed, inside and out, and then manufactured. Trim size, cover design,
selection of the font, the use and positioning of illustrations, typeface and layout, the choice of paper stock, the inclusion and selection of illustrations, charts, and graphs, even the color of the binding are all decided by the production department of the DC Books.
Pricing: The publication department decides how much to charge for the book, and at what discount to sell
it, but does not adopt any strategies for pricing but generally follows the principle as 3 fold of the cost of producing the book.
Translating: This is the function of publication department to translate selected books from any other
languages to Malayalam. This is done through the language expert under the same department. After that cover all the editing and designing process likewise. It is the function of this department to maintain a good relationship with foreign authors.
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Proof reading: Proof-reading is a separate activity from copy editing and should always be done afterwards
as part of a final check that the text is in good order. Any corrections made by the copy editor should correctly input by proof readers. It includes the reading and correction of dummy books also.
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
The production department is the nucleus of any organisation engaged in conversion of raw material in to finished products the major functions of this department consists of collection of approved manuscripts, which was forwarded by the publication department. Finally the manuscript goes to the hands of production supervisor for pricing the books. The following flow chart shows the production
Production department structure
This department functions to co-ordinates the production and manufacturing of each title. Production acts as a channel between editorial, managing editorial, design, production, and outside vendors to create and distribute the final books. Its core functions are printing, binding and dispatching. The process starts with the purchasing of editor submit an edited book manuscript to the copyeditor. At that point, the manuscript is considered to be in production. The production department is dealing with the design, layout, printing and
e-CEO GM Workers Printing Supervisor Production Supervisor
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book coding of the finished book. Publication and Production department of DC Books plays major role in producing the books.
Functions of Production Department:
Type setting: The manuscript is converted into the desired font and point size, it must be typed into a computer by the typesetter software, which simply has to make programming changes to convert the manuscript into the proper style.
Proof-reading and DTP Section: The proof readers review the final manuscript for grammar, spelling, and consistency and the DTP operators correct errors and questions anything that isn't clear in the text. This copyedited manuscript goes back to editor and author with queries from copyeditor. The author and the editor answer the queries and consult to finalize the text.
Design Studio: The activities relating to the designing of layout and cover page happens in this section. Even though the most of the designing happens in this section, for designing the art work and cover design for certain books, they seek the help of artist to design the picture based on the story. From among the 4 or 5 designs the publishing committee select the best cover design.
Plate making: Plates are created with a plate setter using the digital file supplied by the publication department or to set the flat on a photosensitive, thin, aluminum plate coated with ultraviolet light sensitive emulsion.
o CTP machine: Initially the plate is placed on the CTP machine where it sucks in the plate with the help of a vacuum pump attached to it. Then the plates are burned with a large UV light which exposes the negative and makes a large contact print.
o Plate Processor: This plate is moved to the plate processor where the plate is heated then chilled with water and passed to through a chemical and washed again by spraying water, then the image and non-image areas are revealed distinctively. Then it is coated with a layer of gum and heated again so that the ink will adhere to the image areas firmly. Thus the plate is made ready. The total completion of a plate making takes only 5 minutes.
(Then it is sent to the printing unit at Poovamthuruthu)
Binding of pages: They are bound by cutting off the spine folds of the sections and gluing the cover into the book. It is using slotted binding, where the sections are glued together but
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retain the folds on the sections. This kind of binding helps the department to reduce the cost than sewn binding.
Preparation of dummy books: Before producing the bulk order, they are preparing dummy books by using recycled papers, it is for cost control. Then, the book is transferred to publication department for proof reading.
Producing digital covers: DC‟s digital press is digitising the text and cover pages for books. It is produced on the basis of demand. Digital covers should produced and hand it over for binding purpose.
Production of finalised book: After all stages are over, they will get the finished books. They have to produce a minimum copy of 10000 for all titles.
Production of e-books: Production department has also become responsible for producing books as e-books and transfer those books in to system department in the form of disk for uploading in DC‟s website.
Inspection and supervision: This department is doing regular inspection in all stages of production and supervising the labours and trainees for evaluating efficiencies and measuring the idle time. Production manager will sending out the inefficient workers.
Packing, loading, and dispatching: It is the function of production department to take care of finished books. They have to pack the bundle of books using plastic covers and load it to vehicles, then send it for distribution and remaining are to go-downs. It is important to keep a move card for recording these details.
Collection, counting and disposal of scrap: This department collects their scraps from on a monthly basis and count the no. of kilo grams. Then they sell these scrap papers and other things for recycling purpose by charging a reasonable scrap value. This is also a revenue earning activity from this department.
There are 30 workers in their production department and 42 workers in the printing section. DC Book‟s manufacturing units are working in Ernakulam and Poovamthuruthu, which is far away from the head office. The files are now reviewed for any issues and transferred for manufacturing. Copies of the final, clean files are simultaneously sent to the printer for printing and binding, and to a file converter, who prepares the files for the e-book version.
Then, the following steps are covered:
Type-setting: The manuscript is converted into the desired font and point size, it must be typed into a computer by the typesetter software, which simply has to make programming changes to convert the manuscript into the proper style.
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Filming: The manuscript is photographed using laser printer, they will create type that a printer can use to shoot the negatives and the negatives are automatically coloured with ink.
Stripping: The negatives are then taped or stripped into their proper place onto a large sheet.
Blue prints: That sheets are made by shining ultraviolet light through the negatives to expose their images onto a special light-sensitive paper.
Plate making: Each sheet is photographed, with the negatives being burned onto a thin sheet of aluminum through CTP machine, then treated with a chemical that attracts ink.
Printing: Plates are then pass through the laser printing machine.
Binding: Laminating cover page, gluing the spine, and inserting lining and trimming the edges and cased in.
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Books come off press and advance copies are rushed to the publisher. Samples are distributed to the author, the editor and the agent, but the bulk is generally used for publicity and sales. Books are warehouses in Kottayam, Trivandrum and Ernakulam go-downs.
There is a large godown for storing the books, the books are packed to the DC‟s warehouse. They are using Tata-407 model autos and vans for transporting the books to go-downs and branches. The length of time for printing and publishing varies from 3 weeks to 4 weeks.
Finished books transfers from warehouse to retail stores, they distributed to Current Books also. Individual bookstores or bookseller distribution centers are shelved DC Publications for consumer purchase in time.
E-book files are made available to the online customers. DC Books offers them for purchase and download e-books through their website through Alibris.
Materials, machineries and equipments used for the production of books
Materials: Paper-size, weight and type is considered;( 70 GSM Mapel natural shade for inside black and
white work, 100 GSM Art paper for inside multicolour printing, Cover- 250 GSM Art Card), ink(matte, premium, gloss, ultra gloss, according to drying characteristics and colour), glue(poly vinyl acetate), thin aluminium plate, negatives, chemicals, plastic paper.
Machineries and equipments: Laser printer, stripping machine, binding machine, trimming machine, CTP
machine, AC, computer, DTP machine, laminating machine, photo copier, scanner, CD, ultraviolet light, vacuum pump, other tools and spare parts.
Software’s used: Adobe Indesign CS5, Adobe Photoshop, Pagemaker, Corral Draw, Illustrator, PDF
imposition, Mac OS, MS office, Corrundor.
MARKETING AND SALES DEPARTMENT Marketing department structure
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The process of marketing begins right from production of goods till the consumption of goods. This department controls all sales and promotional activities and helps to make decisions on re-publication, numbers of copies to be produced etc. DC Book‟s marketing department is also responsible for marketing strategy, advertising and branding of books. But, both the marketing and sales are interconnected in several ways. And DC Books has the same senior person in both sales and marketing operations. All the promotional activities are coming under marketing. Its core function is to sell and market the books. So, DC Books controlling its sales and marketing activities under single department.
The books that come out from the production stage are formally under the responsibility of the Marketing department. These books are then sent to the down of DC Books and from there to the Current Books go-down. Then the sales of the books take place through 3 different channels.
The major functions of marketing department include:
Conducting market research on readers taste and preferences.
Analysing the response of the customers.
Control and co-ordination for branch activities
Managing vendors
Tracking competitor‟s activity
Conducting advertising campaigns
Providing after sales support
Analyzing price of the books made available in the market
Developing price strategy
Screening of applicants for agency and franchisee
Getting feedback from all branches
Implementation of promotional activities CEO
GM Marketing
Group Manager
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Specifying customers and market segments
Conducting exhibitions and books release functions
Advertisement of books.
Sales department of DC books controls the day-to-day sales operations which include ensuring the availability of stocks in each branch, providing good customer service, informing customers of the new books, etc. Customers are the main target of any company, and DC Books is clearly ahead in ensuring a good relation with their customers by offering high quality products at minimum cost.
Major activities of Sales Department include:
Control and coordinate the activities of branches and other outlets.
Ensure customer relationship
Ensuring the availability of fast moving books at branches
Supervising and directing the sales activities, sending them instructions and providing helpful information.
Preparing and furnishing equipment for salesmen like price list of the books, sales divisions and whatever else may be necessary, depending on the needs.
Supervising and checking the expense accounts, route lists, detailed reports and daily reports of the salesmen.
Identify the clients and create a value for books for increasing the sales.
Forecasting, planning, analyzing and reporting sales.
Determining sales discounts, providing bonuses and prizes, conducting sales contests for books and special sales campaigns.
Co-operating with the production department in the matter of quality of books, no. of books, and reporting their reader‟s responses.
Conducting investigation about the books and evaluating readers likes and dislikes.
DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
DC Books being one of the largest and famous publishers, it is difficult to deal with all the customers directly who are spread far and wide. So they sell their books through various channels which involve the middlemen in the process of distribution. The level of channel can range from direct sales from publisher to customers directly or to involving of agents, wholesalers or retailers. Each intermediary receives the item at
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one pricing point and moves it to the next higher pricing point until it reaches the final buyer. It also called channels of distribution.
Different distribution channel of DC Books:
Publisher–>Reader: This is a simple and direct channel, a two-level structure in which books move directly
from publisher to the reader. The readers are able to order books directly from the organization and they fulfills those orders through its own physical distribution system. Direct purchase can be done through direct payment and delivery, otherwise, customer can send DD to head office or to any branch. They will send books through post.
Publisher–>Retailer–>Reader: This is a three-level channel structure where retailers act as intermediaries
between readers and publisher. DC Books has their own retail shops called current Books and 45 branches to sell their books to customers. Retailers order products directly from the DC Books, and sell those books directly to the reader.
Publisher–>Wholesaler–>Retailer–>Reader: A fourth level is added when the publisher sell books to
wholesalers rather than to retailers. In a four-level structure, retailers order books from wholesalers rather than publisher.
Publisher–>Agent –> Wholesaler –>Retailer –> Reader : Finally, the publisher's agent will serve as an
intermediary between the publisher and its wholesalers, creating a five-level channel structure consisting of the manufacturer, agent, wholesaler, retailer, and reader.
DC Books follows mainly the following distribution methods: Delivery to branches in company‟s vehicle
The books are distributed to its branches by the vehicles of DC Books. DC Books have 44 branches spread all over Kerala classification of branches based on their location and intents from branches of common region are delivered at one. The customer can then purchase books from the branches near to their place.
Mail ordering
The customer can directly order the books from DC Books or current Books by mail. They can order in two ways –through postal order and e-mail orders.
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In postal ordering the customer can send the money order by demand draft to the office and the books can be received through postal services.
The purchaser can also order books through e-mail to the head office at Kottayam and payment is made by sending DD or money order.
PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES
Sales promotional activities can be defined as any steps that are taken for the purpose of obtaining or increasing sales. Often this term refers especially to selling efforts that are designed to supplement personnel selling.
Sales promotion is the plus ingredient in marketing mix. DC Books has some of the very creative and enticing promotional activities undertaken by the marketing and sales department. Some of the major promotional activities of the organisation include:
Books fairs
One of the promotional activities of DC Books is book fairs; each branch has to conduct two book fairs every year. The Book fair division has mainly three different types of functions. Firstly, it holds the periodic DC International Book Fair & Cultural Fest which is really attractive event in this part of the world with 10000s of visitors. DC International Book Fair is more of a cultural with art fests, seminars, book releases and more.
ON 30th Jan to 12th Feb 2012, DC Books conducted its 14th International Book Fair at Marine Drive, Ernakulum. This is a major promotional activity of DC Books that helps the r the organisation to achieve a wider publicity.
Advertisements
The advertisements are given in news papers, magazines, All India Radio and television. Advertisements for various schemes, new releases, book fair details, exhibition details, new authors, special features about DC Books pre-publications and other special offers are done from time to time in various Medias.
Social media sites
DC Books has its own website in the internet with the address www.dcbooks.com. Through it anybody can come to know about the publications, its various schemes and pre-publications. Also they have their presence in various social media sites such as Blog, Facebook, Youtube, Twitter through which they
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inform about all the current happenings, announcements and daily blogs which keeps the readers updated of all recent activities through discussions and also serves as a form of feedback.
Pre-publication offers
DC Books promotes its publications by giving attractive offers to its readers. Pre-publication is one of the most successful offers put forward by DC Books where the books are sold in a print on demand basis and also provides attractive cash discount offers for each purchase.
Campaigns and discussions
DC Books conducting campaigns all over the state for spreading the importance of reading habits among the public. It aims to increase the no. of readers and thereby increasing the sales. Books shopping facilities are also arranged with these campaigns. Panel discussions conducted by the organization for general public is also useful for bring out the new trends and publications in this world.
Sponsorship
DC Books spend money for sponsorship programs like seminars conducted by institutions, associations, libraries, trust etc. This activity has wider scope in publicity.
Bulletins
DC Books and Current Books publish bulletins every month and it is reaching 50000 subscribers absolutely at free of cost. This bulletin contains all information about the new arrivals, schemes, pre-publications etc.
Book release functions
For their major and prestigious publications, they conduct book release functions. This will give more publicity to those books as well as to their organisations.
Book clubs
Here they create book groups to discuss and share reading experiences; users can also set personal data metrics for reading goals, create milestones, and set challenges among members to further reading as a social experience.
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DC Books and Current Books also give special offers to libraries and institutions. These offers are decided by the organisation at the head office and will be informed to the branches and agencies through internet circulars.
VIP Membership
It is started in the year 1987, the VIP Book Club drew immediate attention among book enthusiasts from all over Kerala. It helped DC to promote their service. People from all walks of life started joining in and it rapidly became one of the largest book clubs in India with more than 31,000 members. For those who love buying books often, a VIP Membership is very advantageous. With huge discounts, free books, pre-publication offers, money back guarantee and numerous schemes, book collectors can own their favorite Malayalam and English books at very low prices and even start/expand their own home libraries.
VIP Kids Membership
DC Books started VIP Kids Club for attracting children with an age limit of 17 years to the world of books and to introduce them to the advantages of reading. It is also a promotional tool for increasing their sale. The kids can become part of this membership programme, by paying an amount of Rs. 500/-every year at any of DC Books branches, Current Books, Kairali Book Trust, Thrissur or Head Office. Every purchase will have 15-30% reduction and after five years, the members will get books worth Rs. 1500/-. DC conducting special programmes like Pusthakasanchi and Sammanapetti for children. It will automatically create promotion of its books.
Lucky draws
Lucky draws will be conducted every year for the members which will give the chance to win exciting prizes worth Rs.1000/-. The company will select 3members from lucky draws, winners will also receive „Vayanakootam‟ Bulletin free with this membership. All the members will be included in the lucky draws held every year.
VIP HLS
Books form ideal gifts for core readers. A VIP Home Library Scheme (VIP HLS) membership is provided by DC Books for promoting their publications. For the little ones it could bring about an interest in books and stimulate curiosity, which is an essential factor for developing a receptive mind. To becoming a member, reader can purchase Malayalam books worth Rs. 1250/- at a discount price of Rs. 900/-, payable through nine installments. Also Rs.1000/- worth English books can be bought at a price of
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Rs. 900/-. This amount too can be paid in nine installments. This kind of schemes encourages the readers to buy more.
FINANCE DEPARTMENT Department Structure
The finance Department controls the overall financial transactions of the company. This department controls the receipts and payment of each and every activity for all the departments .Finance department has to raise necessary finance, manage its funds and prepare the finance budget and administrative working capital. The investment is done with SBI, the loans taken from KFC and the insurance service provided by Reliance. The main inflow to the company is from book publishing. The outflow are in the form of production expenses like, purchase of raw material, printing expenses, publication expenses like getting royalty from authors ,purchase of books etc. Deputy General Manager of finance is the head of this department who controls all operations relating to money. The department controls these inflows in the best manner, which is practicable to the company.
CEO DGM Finance Accounts manager (Current Books) Accounts manager (D C Books) Accounting Executive Accounting Executive Accountants Accountants