RTN 950 Maintenance Guide (U2000)-(V100R002C00_05)

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V100R002C00

Maintenance Guide (U2000)

Issue 05

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No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. Notice

The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129

People's Republic of China Website: http://www.huawei.com

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About This Document

Related Versions

The following table lists the product versions related to this document.

Product Name Version

OptiX RTN 950 V100R002C00

iManager U2000 V100R001C00

Intended Audience

This document provides the guidelines to maintaining the OptiX RTN 950. It also describes the alarms and performance events that are required for troubleshooting during the maintenance. This document is intended for:

l Network planning engineer l Data configuration engineer l System maintenance engineer

Symbol Conventions

The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

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Symbol Description

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time.

Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.

GUI Conventions

The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles are in boldface. For example, click OK.

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.

Update History

Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains all updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 05 (2010-07-30) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

This document is the fifth release for the V100R002C00 product version. Compared with the fourth release, the updated contents are follows.

Update Description

A.3 Alarms and Handling Procedures Added the BIOS_STATUS,

LASER_MOD_ERR_EX alarm.

Changed the LASER_SHUT alarm to the LASER_CLOSED alarm.

About This Document

OptiX RTN 950 Maintenance Guide (U2000)

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Updates in Issue 04 (2010-04-20) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

This document is the fourth release for the V100R002C00 product version. Compared with the third release, the updated contents are follows.

6.12 Replacing the SFP The description of replacing the SFP is added.

Updates in Issue 03 (2010-01-30) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

This document is the third release for the V100R002C00 product version. Compared with the second release, the updated contents are follows.

A.2 Alarm List (Classified by Logical Boards)

Added the alarm list of each board.

C.2 Performance Events (by Logical Board)

Added the performance event list of each board.

A.3.26 COMMUN_FAIL Added the COMMUN_FAIL alarm.

A.3.36 ETH_EFM_DF Changed the ETH_EFM_Discover alarm to

the ETH_EFM_DF alarm.

A.3.39 ETH_EFM_REMFAULT Changed the ETH_EFM_Fault alarm to the

ETH_EFM_REMFAULT alarm.

A.3.123 RPS_INDI Revised the possible causes and handling

procedure of the RPS_INDI alarm.

Updates in Issue 02 (2009-10-30) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

This document is the second release for the V100R002C00 product version. Compared with the first release, the updated contents are follows.

7 Database Backup and Restoration Added the backup and restoration of NE databases.

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A Alarm Reference l Deleted the alarms POWER_FAIL and

RELAY_ALARM.

l Added the alarms associated with the CF

card: CFCARD_OFFLINE, CFCARD_FAILED,

CFCARD_W_R_DISABLED, and CFCARD_FULL.

l Added the alarms associated with the

relay: RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL, RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR,

RELAY_ALARM_MINOR, and RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE.

l Added the LCS_MISMATCH alarm

indicating the license file mismatch for the N+1 protection.

Updates in Issue 01 (2009-06-30) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

This document is the first release for the V100R002C00 product version. About This Document

vi Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

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About This Document...iii

1 Safety Precautions...1-1

1.1 General Safety Precautions...1-2 1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols...1-3 1.3 Electrical Safety...1-4 1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas...1-7 1.5 Storage Batteries...1-7 1.6 Radiation...1-9 1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers...1-9 1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure...1-11 1.6.3 Forbidden Areas...1-12 1.6.4 Laser...1-12 1.6.5 Microwave...1-13 1.7 Working at Heights...1-13 1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects...1-14 1.7.2 Using Ladders...1-15 1.8 Mechanical Safety...1-17 1.9 Other Precautions...1-18

2 Guides to High-Risk Operations...2-1

2.1 Operation Guide to the Toggle Lever Switch...2-2 2.2 Operation Guide to the IF Jumper...2-4 2.3 Operation Guide to the IF Cable...2-5 2.4 Operation Guide to the IF Board...2-6

3 Routine Maintenance...3-1

3.1 Routine Maintenance Items...3-2 3.2 Operation Guide to the Routine Maintenance Items...3-3 3.2.1 Checking the NE Status...3-4 3.2.2 Browsing the Current Alarms...3-5 3.2.3 Browsing the History Alarms...3-6 3.2.4 Browsing the Abnormal Events...3-7 3.2.5 Browsing Current Performance Events...3-7 3.2.6 Browsing the History Performance Events...3-8

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3.2.7 Browsing the History Transmit Power and Receive Power...3-9 3.2.8 Testing the IF 1+1 Switching...3-10 3.2.9 Testing the IF N+1 Switching...3-11 3.2.10 Checking the Telecommunications Room...3-12 3.2.11 Checking the ODU...3-12 3.2.12 Checking the Hybrid Coupler...3-13 3.2.13 Checking the Antenna...3-13 3.2.14 Checking the IF Cable...3-14 3.2.15 Checking the LOS Condition...3-15

4 Emergency Maintenance...4-1

4.1 Definition of Emergency...4-2 4.2 Purposes of Emergency Maintenance...4-2 4.3 Procedure of Emergency Maintenance...4-2

5 Troubleshooting...5-1

5.1 General Troubleshooting Procedure...5-3 5.2 Troubleshooting Service Interruptions...5-5 5.3 Troubleshooting the Radio Link...5-10 5.4 Troubleshooting Bit Errors in TDM Services...5-18 5.5 Troubleshooting Pointer Justifications...5-24 5.6 Troubleshooting the Interconnection with SDH Equipment...5-28 5.7 Troubleshooting the Interconnection with PDH Equipment...5-31 5.8 Troubleshooting Ethernet Service Faults...5-33 5.9 Troubleshooting Orderwire Faults...5-38

6 Part Replacement...6-1

6.1 Removing a Board...6-3 6.2 Inserting a Board...6-5 6.3 Replacing the SDH Optical Interface Board...6-7 6.4 Replacing the PDH Interface Board...6-8 6.5 Replacing the Ethernet Interface Board...6-9 6.6 Replacing the IF Board...6-10 6.7 Replacing the CF Card...6-11 6.8 Replacing the System Control, Switch&Clock Board...6-13 6.9 Replacing the Auxiliary Board...6-15 6.10 Replacing the Fan Tray...6-16 6.11 Replacing the Power Board...6-17 6.12 Replacing the SFP...6-18 6.13 Replacing the ODU...6-19 6.14 Replacing the IF Cable...6-20

7 Database Backup and Restoration...7-1

7.1 NE Database...7-2 7.2 Backing Up the Database Manually...7-3

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7.3 Setting the Database Backup Policy...7-3 7.3.1 Setting the Default Backup Policy...7-4 7.3.2 Setting the User-Defined Backup Policy... 7-4 7.3.3 Executing the Backup Policy of the Device...7-5 7.3.4 Suspending the Backup Policy of the Device... 7-6 7.4 Restoring the Database...7-6

8 Supporting Task...8-1

8.1 Hardware Loopback...8-3 8.2 Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Adapters...8-3 8.2.1 Cleaning Fiber Connectors by Using Cartridge Cleaners...8-3 8.2.2 Cleaning Fiber Connectors by Using Lens Tissue...8-6 8.2.3 Cleaning Fiber Adapters by Using Optical Cleaning Sticks...8-7 8.3 Browsing Alarms, Abnormal Events, and Performance Events... 8-8 8.3.1 Checking the NE Status...8-8 8.3.2 Checking the Board Status...8-9 8.3.3 Browsing Current Alarms...8-10 8.3.4 Browsing Abnormal Events...8-10 8.3.5 Browsing Current Performance Events...8-11 8.3.6 Browsing History Alarms...8-12 8.3.7 Browsing History Performance Events...8-13 8.3.8 Browsing the Performance Event Threshold-Crossing Records...8-13 8.4 Querying a Report...8-14 8.4.1 Querying the Board Information Report ...8-14 8.4.2 Querying the Board Manufacturing Information Report ...8-15 8.4.3 Querying the Microwave Link Information Report...8-15 8.5 Software Loopback...8-16 8.5.1 Setting Loopback for the SDH Optical Interface Board...8-16 8.5.2 Setting Loopback for the Tributary Board...8-18 8.5.3 Setting a Loopback for the Ethernet Interface Board...8-20 8.5.4 Setting Loopback for the IF Board...8-21 8.5.5 Locating a Fault by Performing Loopback Operations...8-24 8.6 Reset...8-25 8.6.1 Cold Reset...8-25 8.6.2 Warm Reset...8-26 8.7 PRBS Test...8-27 8.7.1 Performing a PRBS Test for the Tributary Board...8-27 8.7.2 Performing a PRBS Test for the IF Board...8-29 8.8 Querying the License Capacity...8-31 8.9 Setting the On/Off State of the Laser...8-31 8.10 Setting the ALS Function...8-32 8.11 Setting the Automatic Release Function...8-32 8.12 Configuring the Performance Monitoring Status of NEs...8-33

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8.13 Querying the Impedance of an E1 Channel...8-34 8.14 Monitoring Ethernet Packets Through Port Mirroring...8-34 8.15 Querying the Attributes of an Ethernet Port...8-36 8.16 Switching the System Control Unit and the Cross-Connect Unit...8-37

A Alarm Reference...A-1

A.1 Alarm List (in Alphabetical Order)...A-2 A.2 Alarm List (Classified by Logical Boards)...A-9 A.2.1 CST...A-9 A.2.2 CSH...A-10 A.2.3 IF1...A-11 A.2.4 IFU2...A-11 A.2.5 IFX2...A-12 A.2.6 SL1D...A-12 A.2.7 EM6T...A-12 A.2.8 EM6F...A-13 A.2.9 SP3S/SP3D...A-13 A.2.10 AUX...A-13 A.2.11 PIU...A-14 A.2.12 FAN...A-14 A.2.13 ODU...A-14 A.3 Alarms and Handling Procedures...A-14 A.3.1 A_LOC...A-14 A.3.2 AM_DOWNSHIFT...A-15 A.3.3 APS_FAIL...A-16 A.3.4 APS_INDI...A-17 A.3.5 APS_MANUAL_STOP...A-19 A.3.6 AU_AIS...A-20 A.3.7 AU_LOP...A-21 A.3.8 B1_EXC...A-22 A.3.9 B1_SD...A-24 A.3.10 B2_EXC...A-26 A.3.11 B2_SD...A-28 A.3.12 B3_EXC...A-31 A.3.13 B3_SD...A-33 A.3.14 BD_NOT_INSTALLED...A-35 A.3.15 BD_STATUS...A-36 A.3.16 BIOS_STATUS...A-38 A.3.17 BIP_EXC...A-39 A.3.18 BIP_SD...A-40 A.3.19 BOOTROM_BAD...A-42 A.3.20 BUS_ERR...A-43 A.3.21 CFCARD_FAILED...A-44 Contents OptiX RTN 950 Maintenance Guide (U2000)

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A.3.22 CFCARD_FULL...A-45 A.3.23 CFCARD_OFFLINE...A-47 A.3.24 CFCARD_W_R_DISABLED...A-48 A.3.25 CONFIG_NOSUPPORT...A-49 A.3.26 COMMUN_FAIL...A-50 A.3.27 DBMS_ERROR...A-52 A.3.28 DBMS_PROTECT_MODE...A-54 A.3.29 DOWN_E1_AIS...A-55 A.3.30 E1_LOC...A-56 A.3.31 E1_LOS...A-57 A.3.32 ETH_CFM_LOC...A-58 A.3.33 ETH_CFM_MISMERGE...A-60 A.3.34 ETH_CFM_RDI...A-62 A.3.35 ETH_CFM_UNEXPERI...A-64 A.3.36 ETH_EFM_DF...A-66 A.3.37 ETH_EFM_EVENT...A-67 A.3.38 ETH_EFM_LOOPBACK...A-68 A.3.39 ETH_EFM_REMFAULT...A-69 A.3.40 ETH_LOS...A-71 A.3.41 ETHOAM_SELF_LOOP...A-72 A.3.42 EXT_SYNC_LOS...A-74 A.3.43 FAN_AGING...A-75 A.3.44 FAN_FAIL...A-75 A.3.45 FLOW_OVER...A-76 A.3.46 HARD_BAD...A-77 A.3.47 HP_CROSSTR...A-79 A.3.48 HP_LOM...A-80 A.3.49 HP_RDI...A-81 A.3.50 HP_REI...A-82 A.3.51 HP_SLM...A-83 A.3.52 HP_TIM...A-84 A.3.53 HP_UNEQ...A-85 A.3.54 HPAD_CROSSTR...A-86 A.3.55 IF_CABLE_OPEN...A-87 A.3.56 IF_INPWR_ABN...A-89 A.3.57 IF_MODE_UNSUPPORTED...A-90 A.3.58 IN_PWR_HIGH...A-91 A.3.59 IN_PWR_LOW...A-92 A.3.60 J0_MM...A-94 A.3.61 K1_K2_M...A-95 A.3.62 K2_M...A-96 A.3.63 LAG_BWMM...A-98

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A.3.64 LAG_DOWN...A-99 A.3.65 LAG_MEMBER_DOWN...A-100 A.3.66 LASER_CLOSED...A-102 A.3.67 LASER_MOD_ERR...A-102 A.3.68 LASER_MOD_ERR_EX...A-104 A.3.69 LCS_LIMITED...A-105 A.3.70 LCS_MISMATCH...A-106 A.3.71 LICENSE_LOST...A-108 A.3.72 LOOP_ALM...A-109 A.3.73 LP_CROSSTR...A-111 A.3.74 LP_R_FIFO...A-112 A.3.75 LP_RDI...A-113 A.3.76 LP_REI...A-114 A.3.77 LP_RFI...A-114 A.3.78 LP_SIZE_ERR...A-115 A.3.79 LP_SLM...A-116 A.3.80 LP_T_FIFO...A-117 A.3.81 LP_TIM...A-118 A.3.82 LP_UNEQ...A-119 A.3.83 LPS_UNI_BI_M...A-120 A.3.84 LSR_NO_FITED...A-121 A.3.85 LTI...A-122 A.3.86 MS_AIS...A-123 A.3.87 MS_CROSSTR...A-124 A.3.88 MS_RDI...A-125 A.3.89 MS_REI...A-126 A.3.90 MSAD_CROSSTR...A-127 A.3.91 NESOFT_MM...A-128 A.3.92 MULTI_RPL_OWNER...A-130 A.3.93 MW_BER_EXC...A-131 A.3.94 MW_BER_SD...A-132 A.3.95 MW_FEC_UNCOR...A-133 A.3.96 MW_LIM...A-137 A.3.97 MW_LOF...A-139 A.3.98 MW_RDI...A-144 A.3.99 NESF_LOST...A-145 A.3.100 NESTATE_INSTALL...A-147 A.3.101 NP1_MANUAL_STOP...A-148 A.3.102 NP1_SW_FAIL...A-149 A.3.103 NP1_SW_INDI...A-150 A.3.104 POWER_ALM...A-151 A.3.105 POWER_ABNORMAL...A-152 Contents OptiX RTN 950 Maintenance Guide (U2000)

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A.3.106 R_F_RST...A-154 A.3.107 R_LOC...A-155 A.3.108 R_LOF...A-156 A.3.109 R_LOS...A-158 A.3.110 R_S_ERR...A-159 A.3.111 RADIO_FADING_MARGIN_INSUFF...A-161 A.3.112 RADIO_MUTE...A-162 A.3.113 RADIO_RSL_BEYONDTH...A-163 A.3.114 RADIO_RSL_HIGH...A-164 A.3.115 RADIO_RSL_LOW...A-165 A.3.116 RADIO_TSL_HIGH...A-166 A.3.117 RADIO_TSL_LOW...A-167 A.3.118 RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL...A-168 A.3.119 RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR...A-169 A.3.120 RELAY_ALARM_MINOR...A-170 A.3.121 RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE...A-171 A.3.122 RP_LOC...A-172 A.3.123 RPS_INDI...A-173 A.3.124 RS_CROSSTR...A-175 A.3.125 RTC_FAIL...A-176 A.3.126 S1_SYN_CHANGE...A-177 A.3.127 SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT...A-178 A.3.128 SWDL_AUTOMATCH_INH...A-179 A.3.129 SWDL_CHGMNG_NOMATCH...A-179 A.3.130 SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL...A-180 A.3.131 SWDL_INPROCESS...A-181 A.3.132 SWDL_NEPKGCHECK...A-182 A.3.133 SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT...A-183 A.3.134 SWDL_PKGVER_MM...A-184 A.3.135 SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL...A-184 A.3.136 SYNC_C_LOS...A-185 A.3.137 T_ALOS...A-186 A.3.138 T_F_RST...A-187 A.3.139 T_LOC...A-188 A.3.140 TEMP_ALARM...A-189 A.3.141 THUNDERALM...A-191 A.3.142 TU_AIS...A-191 A.3.143 TU_LOP...A-193 A.3.144 UP_E1_AIS...A-194 A.3.145 VOLT_LOS...A-195 A.3.146 WRG_BD_TYPE...A-196 A.3.147 WRG_DEV_TYPE...A-197

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A.3.148 XPIC_LOS...A-198

B Abnormal Event Reference...B-1

B.1 Major Abnormal Performance Event List...B-2 B.2 Abnormal Performance Events and Handling Procedures...B-2 B.2.1 Intermediate Frequency 1+1 Protection Switching...B-2 B.2.2 N+1 Protection Switching...B-4 B.2.3 SNCP Switching...B-6 B.2.4 Linear MS Switching...B-8 B.2.5 System Control Board Switching...B-10 B.2.6 RMON Performance Value Below the Lower Limit...B-12 B.2.7 RMON Performance Value Above the Upper Limit...B-13

C Performance Event Reference...C-1

C.1 Performance Events (by Event Type)...C-2 C.1.1 SDH/PDH Performance Events...C-2 C.1.2 Radio Performance Events...C-4 C.1.3 Other Performance Events...C-6 C.2 Performance Events (by Logical Board)...C-7 C.2.1 CST/CSH...C-8 C.2.2 IF1...C-8 C.2.3 IFU2...C-10 C.2.4 IFX2...C-12 C.2.5 SL1D...C-14 C.2.6 SP3S/SP3D...C-16 C.2.7 ODU...C-17 C.3 Performance Events and Handling Procedures...C-18 C.3.1 AMDOWNCNT and AMUPCNT...C-18 C.3.2 ATPC_P_ADJUST and ATPC_N_ADJUST...C-19 C.3.3 AUPJCHIGH, AUPJCLOW, and AUPJCNEW...C-20 C.3.4 BDTEMPMAX, BDTEMPMIN, and BDTEMPCUR...C-21 C.3.5 FEC_BEF_COR_ER, FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT and FEC_COR_BYTE_CNT...C-21 C.3.6 HPBBE, HPES, HPSES, HPCSES, and HPUAS...C-22 C.3.7 HPFEBBE, HPFEES, HPFESES, HPFECSES, and HPFEUAS...C-23 C.3.8 IF_BBE, IF_ES, IF_SES, IF_CSES, and IF_UAS...C-24 C.3.9 LPBBE, LPES, LPSES, LPCSES, and LPUAS...C-25 C.3.10 LPFEBBE, LPFEES, LPFESES, LPFECSES, and LPFEUAS...C-27 C.3.11 MSBBE, MSES, MSSES, MSCSES, and MSUAS...C-28 C.3.12 MSFEBBE, MSFEES, MSFESES, MSFECSES, and MSFEUAS...C-29 C.3.13 QPSKWS, QAMWS16, QAMWS32, QAMWS64, QAMWS128, and QAMWS256...C-30 C.3.14 RPLMAX, RPLMIN, and RPLCUR...C-31 C.3.15 RSBBE, RSES, RSSES, RSCSES, and RSUAS...C-31 C.3.16 RSL_MAX, RSL_MIN, RSL_CUR, and RSL_AVG...C-33 C.3.17 RSOOF and RSOFS...C-33

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C.3.18 RLHTT, RLLTT, TLHTT, TLLTT...C-34 C.3.19 TPLMAX, TPLMIN, and TPLCUR...C-35 C.3.20 TSL_MAX, TSL_MIN, TSL_CUR, and TSL_AVG...C-36 C.3.21 TUPJCHIGH, TUPJCLOW, and TUPJCNEW...C-36

D RMON Event Reference...D-1

D.1 List of RMON Alarm Entries...D-2 D.2 List of RMON Performance Entries...D-2 D.3 RMON Events and Handling Procedures...D-4 D.3.1 ETHCOL... D-4 D.3.2 ETHDROP...D-5 D.3.3 ETHEXCCOL... D-6 D.3.4 ETHFCS...D-7 D.3.5 ETHFRG...D-8 D.3.6 ETHJAB...D-9 D.3.7 ETHLATECOL...D-9 D.3.8 ETHOVER...D-11 D.3.9 ETHUNDER...D-11 D.3.10 RXBBAD...D-12 D.3.11 TXDEFFRM...D-13

E Alarm Management...E-1

E.1 NE Alarm Management...E-2 E.2 Board Alarm Management...E-2 E.2.1 Setting the Alarm Level...E-3 E.2.2 Alarm Suppression...E-3 E.2.3 Alarm Auto-Report...E-3 E.2.4 Alarm Reversion...E-3 E.2.5 Setting of the Bit Error Alarm Threshold...E-4 E.2.6 AIS Insertion...E-4 E.2.7 UNEQ Insertion...E-5

F Performance Event Management...F-1

F.1 NE Performance Event Management...F-2 F.2 Board Performance Event Management...F-2

G Alarm Suppression Relationship...G-1

H Glossary...H-1

H.1 0-9...H-2 H.2 A-E... H-2 H.3 F-J...H-7 H.4 K-O...H-10 H.5 P-T...H-12 H.6 U-Z...H-16

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Figures

Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap...1-7 Figure 1-2 Slanting optical interface...1-11 Figure 1-3 Level optical interface...1-11 Figure 1-4 Hoisting heavy objects...1-15 Figure 1-5 Slanting a ladder...1-16 Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof...1-16 Figure 2-1 Toggle lever switch...2-2 Figure 4-1 Main procedure of emergency maintenance...4-3 Figure 4-2 Field troubleshooting sub-procedure...4-5 Figure 5-1 General troubleshooting procedure...5-4 Figure 5-2 General procedure for troubleshooting the service interruption...5-6 Figure 5-3 Field troubleshooting sub-procedure...5-8 Figure 5-4 Procedure for troubleshooting the radio link...5-14 Figure 5-5 Procedure for troubleshooting bit errors...5-22 Figure 5-6 Procedure for troubleshooting pointer justifications...5-26 Figure 5-7 Procedure for troubleshooting the interconnection with SDH equipment...5-30 Figure 5-8 Procedure for troubleshooting the interconnection with PDH equipment...5-32 Figure 5-9 Procedure for troubleshooting Ethernet service faults ...5-35 Figure 5-10 Procedure for troubleshooting an RMON performance event ...5-37 Figure 5-11 Procedure for troubleshooting orderwire faults...5-39 Figure 6-1 Removing a board (1) ...6-3 Figure 6-2 Removing a board (2) ...6-4 Figure 6-3 Removing the System control Switch&Clock board...6-4 Figure 6-4 Removing a board (3) ...6-4 Figure 6-5 Inserting a board (1)...6-6 Figure 6-6 Inserting a board (2)...6-6 Figure 6-7 Inserting a board (3)...6-7 Figure 8-1 Using the CLETOP cassette cleaner...8-4 Figure 8-2 Dragging the fiber tip slightly on one cleaning area ...8-5 Figure 8-3 Dragging the fiber tip slightly on the other cleaning area...8-5 Figure 8-4 Cleaning the fiber with the lens tissue ...8-6 Figure 8-5 Optical interface inloop...8-16 Figure 8-6 Optical interface outloop...8-17

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Figure 8-7 VC-4 path outloop...8-17 Figure 8-8 VC-4 path inloop...8-17 Figure 8-9 Tributary inloop...8-19 Figure 8-10 Tributary outloop...8-19 Figure 8-11 Ethernet port inloop...8-20 Figure 8-12 IF port inloop...8-21 Figure 8-13 IF port outloop...8-22 Figure 8-14 Composite port inloop...8-22 Figure 8-15 Composite port outloop...8-22 Figure 8-16 Service trail...8-24 Figure 8-17 PRBS test in the tributary direction...8-27 Figure 8-18 PRBS test in the cross-connect direction ...8-28 Figure 8-19 PRBS test of the IF board...8-29 Figure 8-20 Schematic diagram of Ethernet port mirroring...8-35

Figures

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Tables

Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 950...1-3 Table 4-1 Description of the main procedure of emergency maintenance...4-4 Table 4-2 Field maintenance operation sheet...4-4 Table 4-3 Description of the field troubleshooting sub-procedure...4-6 Table 5-1 General troubleshooting procedure...5-5 Table 5-2 Description of the general procedure for troubleshooting the service interruption...5-7 Table 5-3 Description of the field troubleshooting sub-procedure...5-9 Table 5-4 Causes of radio link faults...5-12 Table 5-5 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting the radio link...5-15 Table 5-6 Causes of bit errors...5-20 Table 5-7 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting bit errors...5-23 Table 5-8 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting pointer justifications...5-27 Table 5-9 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting the interconnection with SDH equipment... 5-31 Table 5-10 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting the interconnection with PDH equipment... 5-33 Table 5-11 Common faults of Ethernet services...5-34 Table 5-12 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting Ethernet service faults ... 5-36 Table 5-13 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting an RMON performance event ...5-38 Table 5-14 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting orderwire faults...5-40 Table 6-1 Part replacement description ...6-1 Table A-1 Alarm list...A-2 Table B-1 Major performance event list...B-2 Table C-1 Pointer justification performance events...C-2 Table C-2 Regenerator section error performance events...C-2 Table C-3 Multiplex section error performance events...C-3 Table C-4 Higher order path error performance events...C-3 Table C-5 Lower order path error performance events...C-4 Table C-6 Radio power performance events...C-4 Table C-7 FEC performance events...C-5 Table C-8 Radio link error performance events...C-5 Table C-9 ATPC performance events...C-6 Table C-10 AM performance events...C-6 Table C-11 Optical power performance events...C-6 Table C-12 Board temperature performance events...C-7

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Table C-13 Board temperature performance events...C-8 Table C-14 Pointer justification performance events...C-8 Table C-15 Regenerator section error performance events...C-8 Table C-16 Multiplex section error performance events...C-9 Table C-17 Higher order path error performance events...C-9 Table C-18 FEC performance events...C-10 Table C-19 Board temperature performance events...C-10 Table C-20 Lower order path error performance events...C-10 Table C-21 FEC performance events...C-11 Table C-22 Radio link error performance events...C-11 Table C-23 AM performance events...C-11 Table C-24 Board temperature performance events...C-12 Table C-25 Lower order path error performance events...C-12 Table C-26 FEC performance events...C-13 Table C-27 Radio link error performance events...C-13 Table C-28 AM performance events...C-13 Table C-29 Board temperature performance events...C-14 Table C-30 Pointer justification performance events...C-14 Table C-31 Regenerator section error performance events...C-14 Table C-32 Multiplex section error performance events...C-15 Table C-33 Higher order path error performance events...C-15 Table C-34 Optical power performance events...C-16 Table C-35 Board temperature performance events...C-16 Table C-36 Pointer justification performance events...C-16 Table C-37 Lower order path error performance events...C-17 Table C-38 Radio power performance events...C-17 Table C-39 ATPC performance events...C-18 Table D-1 List of RMON alarm entries...D-2 Table D-2 List of RMON performance entries ...D-3 Table E-1 Setting of the bit error alarm threshold...E-4 Table E-2 Setting of the AIS insertion...E-4 Table E-3 Setting of the UNEQ insertion...E-5 Table F-1 Board performance event management function...F-2 Table G-1 Suppression relationship between intra-board alarms...G-1 Table G-2 Suppression relationship between intra-board alarms...G-2

Tables

xx Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

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1

Safety Precautions

About This Chapter

This topic describes the safety precautions that you must follow when installing, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices.

1.1 General Safety Precautions

This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.

1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols

Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment.

1.3 Electrical Safety

This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current, power cables, fuses, and ESD.

1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas

This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.

1.5 Storage Batteries

This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.

1.6 Radiation

This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.

1.7 Working at Heights

This topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.

1.8 Mechanical Safety

This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans, and carrying heavy objects.

1.9 Other Precautions

This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables, and routing cables.

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1.1 General Safety Precautions

This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.

All Safety Precautions

To ensure the safety of humans and a device, follow the marks on the device and all the safety precautions in this document when installing, operating, and maintaining a device.

The "CAUTION", "WARNING", and "DANGER" marks in this document do not cover all the safety precautions that must be followed. They are supplements to the safety precautions.

Local Laws and Regulations

When operating a device, always comply with the local laws and regulations. The safety precautions provided in the documents are in addition/supplementary to the local laws and regulations.

Basic Installation Requirements

The installation and maintenance personnel of Huawei devices must receive strict training and be familiar with the proper operation methods and safety precautions before any operation.

l Only trained and qualified personnel are permitted to install, operate, and maintain a device. l Only certified professionals are permitted to remove the safety facilities, and to troubleshoot

and maintain the device.

l Only the personnel authenticated or authorized by Huawei are permitted to replace or

change the device or parts of the device (including software).

l The operating personnel must immediately report the faults or errors that may cause safety

problems to the person in charge.

Grounding Requirements

The grounding requirements are applicable to the device that needs to be grounded.

l When installing the device, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removing

the device, always disconnect the grounding facilities last.

l Ensure that the grounding conductor is intact.

l Do not operate the device in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor. l The device must be connected to the PGND permanently. Before operating the device,

check the electrical connections of the device, and ensure that the device is properly grounded.

Human Safety

l When there is a risk of a lightning strike, do not operate the fixed terminal or touch the

cables.

l When there is risk of a lightning strike, unplug the AC power connector. Do not use the

fixed terminal or touch the terminal or antenna connector. 1 Safety Precautions

1-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

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NOTE

The preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.

l To avoid electric shocks, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to

telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits.

l Do not look into optical ports without eye protection. Otherwise, human eyes may be hurt

by laser beams.

l Before operating the device, wear an ESD protective coat, ESD gloves, and an ESD wrist

strap. In addition, you need to get off the conductive objects, such as jewelry and watches, to prevent electric shock and burn.

l In case of fire, escape from the building or site where the device is located and press the

fire alarm bell or dial the telephone number for fire alarms. Do not enter the burning building again in any situation.

Device Safety

l Before any operation, install the device firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such as

on a wall or in a rack.

l When the system is working, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked. l When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly, if required. l After installing the device, clean up the packing materials.

1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols

Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment.

Table 1-1 lists the warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 950 and their meanings. Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 950

Symbol Indication

This symbol is for anti-static protection. A notice with this symbol indicates that you should wear an anti-static wrist strap or glove when you touch a board. Otherwise, you may cause damage to the board.

CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT

LASER RADIATION

DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CLASS 1M LASER

PRODUCT

This symbol is for the laser class.

A notice with this symbol indicates the class of the laser. Avoid direct exposure to the laser beams. Otherwise, it may damage you eyes or skin.

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Symbol Indication

A notice with this symbol indicates where the subrack is grounded.

ATTENTION 警告

CLEAN PERIODICALLY定期清洗

A notice with this symbol indicates that the air filter should be cleaned periodically.

严禁在风扇高速旋转时接触叶片 DON'T TOUCH THE FAN LEAVES BEFORE THEY SLOW DOWN !

This symbol is for fan safety.

A notice with this symbol indicates that the fan leaves should not be touched when the fan is rotating.

1.3 Electrical Safety

This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current, power cables, fuses, and ESD.

High Voltage

DANGER

l A high-voltage power supply provides power for device operations. Direct human contact

with the high voltage power supply or human contact through damp objects can be fatal.

l Unspecified or unauthorized high voltage operations could result in fire or electric shock, or

both.

Thunderstorm

The requirements apply only to wireless base stations or devices with antennas and feeders.

DANGER

Do not perform operations on high voltage, AC power, towers, or backstays in stormy weather conditions.

1 Safety Precautions

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High Leakage Current

WARNING

Before powering on a device, ground the device. Otherwise, the safety of humans and the device cannot be ensured.

If a high leakage current mark is labeled near the power connector of the device, you must connect the PGND terminal on the shell to the ground before connecting the device to an A/C input power supply. This is to prevent the electric shock caused by leakage current of the device.

Power Cables

DANGER

Do not install or remove the power cable with a live line. Transient contact between the core of the power cable and the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which may cause fire or eye injury.

l Before installing or removing power cables, you must power off the device.

l Before connecting a power cable, you must ensure that the label on the power cable is

correct.

Device with Power On

DANGER

Installing or removing a device is prohibited if the device is on.

DANGER

Do not install or remove the power cables of the equipment when it is powered on.

Short Circuits

When installing and maintaining devices, place and use the associated tools and instruments in accordance with regulations to avoid short-circuits caused by metal objects.

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CAUTION

To avoid short-circuits when using a tool (such as a screwdriver), do not place the tool on the ventilation plate of the subrack.

CAUTION

Prevent any screws from dropping into the subrack or chassis to avoid short-circuits.

Fuse

WARNING

If the fuse on a device blows, replace the fuse with a fuse of the same type and specifications to ensure safe operation of the device.

Electrostatic Discharge

CAUTION

The static electricity generated by the human body may damage the electrostatic sensitive components on the board, such as the large-scale integrated circuit (LSI).

l The human body can generate static electromagnetic fields in the following situations:

physical movement, clothing friction, friction between shoes and the ground, plastics in the hand. Such static electromagnetic effects can remain for an appreciable time.

l Before operating a device, circuit boards, or ASICs, wear an ESD wrist strap that is properly

grounded. The ESD wrist strap can prevent the electrostatic-sensitive components from being damaged by the static electricity in the human body.

Figure 1-1 shows the method of wearing an ESD wrist strap. 1 Safety Precautions

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Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap

1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas

This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.

DANGER

Do not place or operate devices in an environment of flammable or explosive air or gas. Operating an electronic device in an environment of flammable gas causes a severe hazard.

1.5 Storage Batteries

This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.

DANGER

Before operating a storage battery, you must read the safety precautions carefully and be familiar with the method of connecting a storage battery.

l Incorrect operations of storage batteries cause hazards. During operation, prevent any

short-circuit, and prevent the electrolyte from overflowing or leakage.

l If the electrolyte overflows, it causes potential hazards to the device. The electrolyte may

corrode metal parts and the circuit boards, and ultimately damage the circuit boards.

l A storage battery contains a great deal of energy. Misoperations may cause a short-circuit,

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Basic Precautions

To ensure safety, note the following points before installing or maintaining the storage battery:

l Use special insulation tools.

l Wear an eye protector and take effective protection measures.

l Wear rubber gloves and a protection coat to prevent the hazard caused by the overflowing

electrolyte.

l When handling the storage battery, ensure that its electrodes are upward. Leaning or

reversing the storage battery is prohibited.

l Before installing or maintaining the storage battery, ensure that the storage battery is

disconnected from the power supply that charges the storage battery.

Short-Circuit

DANGER

A battery short-circuit may cause human injuries. Although the voltage of an ordinary battery is low, the instantaneous high current caused by a short-circuit emits a great deal of energy. Avoid any short-circuit of batteries caused by metal objects. If possible, disconnect the working battery before performing other operations.

Hazardous Gas

CAUTION

Do not use any unsealed lead-acid storage battery. Lay a storage battery horizontally and fix it properly to prevent the battery from emitting flammable gas, which may cause fire or device erosion.

Working lead-acid storage batteries emit flammable gas. Therefore, ventilation and fireproofing measures must be taken at the sites where lead-acid storage batteries are placed.

Battery Temperature

CAUTION

If a battery overheats, the battery may be deformed or damaged, and the electrolyte may overflow.

When the temperature of the battery is higher than 60°C, you need to check whether the electrolyte overflows. If the electrolyte overflows, take appropriate measures immediately. 1 Safety Precautions

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Battery Leakage

CAUTION

In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up appropriately. When handling a leaky battery, protect against the possible damage caused by the acid. When you find the electrolyte leaks, you can use the following substances to counteract and absorb the leaking electrolyte:

l Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) l Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)

In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up as recommended by the battery manufacturer and any local regulations for acid disposal.

If a person contacts battery electrolyte, clean the skin that contacts the battery electrolyte immediately by using water. In case of a severe situation, the person must be sent to a hospital immediately.

1.6 Radiation

This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.

1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers

The laser beam can cause damage to your eyes. Hence, you must exercise caution when using optical fibers.

1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure

This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure.

1.6.3 Forbidden Areas

The topic describes requirements for a forbidden area.

1.6.4 Laser

This topic describes safety precautions for lasers.

1.6.5 Microwave

When installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions of microwave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.

1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers

The laser beam can cause damage to your eyes. Hence, you must exercise caution when using optical fibers.

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DANGER

When installing or maintaining an optical interface board or optical fibers, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beams launched from the optical interface board or fiber connectors. The laser beam can cause damage to your eyes.

Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Optical Interfaces

CAUTION

If fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriously affected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned before the fiber is led into the equipment through the ODF for being inserted into an optical interface on the equipment.

The fiber connectors and optical interfaces of the lasers must be cleaned with the following special cleaning tools and materials:

l Special cleaning solvent: It is preferred to use isoamylol. Propyl alcohol, however, can also

be used. It is prohibited that you use alcohol and formalin.

l Non-woven lens tissue l Special compressed gas

l Cotton stick (medical cotton or long fiber cotton)

l Special cleaning roll, used with the recommended cleaning solvent l Special magnifier for fiber connectors

For cleaning steps, see Task Collection "Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Adapters" in the OptiX

RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Maintenance and Troubleshooting.

Replacing Optical Fibers

When replacing an optical fiber, cover the fiber connector of the unused optical fiber with a protective cap.

Connecting Optical Fibers

l Use an attenuator if the optical power is excessively high. A high received optical power

damages the optical interface.

l Directly connect an attenuator to a slanting optical interface. Install the attenuator on the

IN port instead of the OUT port.

l Do not directly connect an attenuator to the level optical interface. Use the optical

distribution frame (ODF) to connect an attenuator to a level optical interface.

Figure 1-2 shows a slanting optical interface, and Figure 1-3 shows a level optical interface. 1 Safety Precautions

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Figure 1-2 Slanting optical interface

Slanting optical interface

Figure 1-3 Level optical interface

Level optical interface

1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure

This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure.

DANGER

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WARNING

Warning indicates a hazard that, if not avoided, could result in moderate or serious injury.

CAUTION

Caution indicates a hazard that, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. If multiple transmit antennas are installed on a tower or backstay, keep away from the transmit directions of the antennas when you install or maintain an antenna locally.

CAUTION

Ensure that all personnel are beyond the transmit direction of a working antenna.

1.6.3 Forbidden Areas

The topic describes requirements for a forbidden area.

l Before entering an area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified range,

the associated personnel must shut down the electromagnetic radiator or stay at least 10 meters away from the electromagnetic radiator, if in the transmit direction.

l A physical barrier and an eye-catching warning flag should be available in each forbidden

area.

1.6.4 Laser

This topic describes safety precautions for lasers.

WARNING

When handling optical fibers, do not stand close to, or look into the optical fiber outlet directly without eye protection.

Laser transceivers are used in the optical transmission system and associated test tools. The laser transmitted through the bare optical fiber produces a small beam of light, and thus it has very high power density and is invisible to human eyes. When a beam of light enters eyes, the eyes may be damaged.

In normal cases, viewing an un-terminated optical fiber or a damaged optical fiber without eye protection at a distance greater than 150 mm does not cause eye injury. Eye injury may occur, however, if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to view an un-terminated optical fiber.

1 Safety Precautions

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Safety Instructions Regarding Lasers

To avoid laser radiation, obey the following instructions:

l All operations should be performed by authorized personnel who have completed the

required training courses.

l Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers.

l Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber connectors. l Do not look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure

whether the optical source is switched off.

l Use an optical power meter to measure the optical power and ensure that the optical source

is switched off.

l Before opening the front door of an optical transmission device, ensure that you are not

exposed to laser radiation.

l Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to

view the optical connector or fiber that is transmitting optical signals.

Instructions Regarding Fiber Handling

Read and abide by the following instructions before handling fibers:

l Only trained personnel are permitted to cut and splice fibers.

l Before cutting or splicing a fiber, ensure that the fiber is disconnected from the optical

source. After disconnecting the fiber, cap to the fiber connectors.

1.6.5 Microwave

When installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions of microwave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.

WARNING

Strong radio frequency can harm the human body.

When installing or maintaining an aerial on the tower or mast that is installed with multiple aerials, switch off the transmitter in advance.

1.7 Working at Heights

This topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.

WARNING

When working at heights, be cautious to prevent objects from falling down. The requirements for working at heights are as follows:

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l The personnel who work at heights must be trained.

l Carry and handle the operating machines and tools with caution to prevent them from falling

down.

l Safety measures, such as wearing a helmet and a safety belt, must be taken. l Wear cold-proof clothes when working at heights in cold areas.

l Check all lifting appliances thoroughly before starting the work, and ensure that they are

intact.

1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects

This topic describes the safety precautions for hoisting heavy objects that you must follow when installing, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices.

1.7.2 Using Ladders

This topic describes safety precautions for using ladders.

1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects

This topic describes the safety precautions for hoisting heavy objects that you must follow when installing, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices.

WARNING

When heavy objects are being hoisted, do not walk below the cantilever or hoisted objects.

l Only trained and qualified personnel can perform hoisting operations.

l Before hoisting heavy objects, check that the hoisting tools are complete and in good

condition.

l Before hoisting heavy objects, ensure that the hoisting tools are fixed to a secure object or

wall with good weight-bearing capacity.

l Issue orders with short and explicit words to ensure correct operations.

l Ensure that the angle between the two cables is less than or equal to 90 degrees during the

lifting, as shown in Figure 1-4. 1 Safety Precautions

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Figure 1-4 Hoisting heavy objects

1.7.2 Using Ladders

This topic describes safety precautions for using ladders.

Checking Ladders

l Before using a ladder, check whether the ladder is damaged. After checking that the ladder

is in good condition, you can use the ladder.

l Before using a ladder, you should know the maximum weight capacity of the ladder. Avoid

overweighing the ladder.

Placing Ladders

The proper slant angle of the ladder is 75 degrees. You can measure the slant angle of the ladder with an angle square or your arms, as shown in Figure 1-5. When using a ladder, to prevent the ladder from sliding, ensure that the wider feet of the ladder are downward, or take protection measures for the ladder feet. Ensure that the ladder is placed securely.

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Figure 1-5 Slanting a ladder

Climbing Up a Ladder

When climbing up a ladder, pay attention to the following points:

l Ensure that the center of gravity of your body does not deviate from the edges of the two

long sides.

l Before operations, ensure that your body is stable to reduce risks.

l Do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the ladder (counted from up to down).

If you want to climb up a roof, ensure that the ladder top is at least one meter higher than the roof, as shown in Figure 1-6.

Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof 1 Safety Precautions

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1.8 Mechanical Safety

This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans, and carrying heavy objects.

Drilling Holes

WARNING

Do not drill holes on the cabinet without prior permission. Drilling holes without complying with the requirements affects the electromagnetic shielding performance of the cabinet and damages the cables inside the cabinet. In addition, if the scraps caused by drilling enter the cabinet, the printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be short-circuited.

l Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, remove the cables inside the cabinet.

l Wear an eye protector when drilling holes. This is to prevent eyes from being injured by

the splashing metal scraps.

l Wear protection gloves when drilling holes.

l Take measures to prevent the metallic scraps from falling into the cabinet. After the drilling,

clean up the metallic scraps.

Sharp Objects

WARNING

Wear protection gloves when carrying the device. This is to prevent hands from being injured by the sharp edges of the device.

Fans

l When replacing parts, place the objects such as the parts, screws, and tools properly. This

is to prevent them from falling into the operating fans, which damages the fans or device.

l When replacing the parts near fans, keep your fingers or boards from touching operating

fans before the fans are powered off and stop running. Otherwise, the hands or the boards are damaged.

Carrying Heavy Objects

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WARNING

l The carrier must be prepared for load bearing before carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent

the carrier from being strained or pressed by the heavy objects.

l When you pull a chassis out of the cabinet, pay attention to the unstable or heavy objects on

the cabinet. This is to prevent the heavy objects on the cabinet top from falling down, which may hurt you.

l Generally, two persons are needed to carry a chassis. It is prohibited that only one person

carries a heavy chassis. When carrying a chassis, the carriers should stretch their backs and move stably to avoid being strained.

l When moving or lifting a chassis, hold the handles or bottom of the chassis. Do not hold

the handles of the modules installed in the chassis, such as the power modules, fan modules, and boards.

1.9 Other Precautions

This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables, and routing cables.

Removing and Inserting a Board

CAUTION

When inserting a board, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves, and handle the board gently to avoid distorting pins on the backplane.

l Slide the board along the guide rails.

l Do not contact one board with another to avoid short-circuits or damage.

l When holding a board in hand, do not touch the board circuits, components, connectors,

or connection slots of the board to prevent damage caused by ESD of the human body to the electrostatic-sensitive components.

Binding Signal Cables

CAUTION

Bind the signal cables separately from the high-current or high-voltage cables.

Routing Cables

In the case of extremely low temperature, heavy shock or vibration may damage the plastic skin of the cables. To ensure the construction safety, comply with the following requirements: 1 Safety Precautions

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l When installing cables, ensure that the environment temperature is above 0°C.

l If the cables are stored in a place where the ambient temperature is below 0°C, transfer

them to a place at room temperature and store the cables for more than 24 hours before installation.

l Handle the cables gently, especially in a low-temperature environment. Do not perform

any improper operations, for example, pushing the cables down directly from a truck.

High Temperature

WARNING

If the ambient temperature exceeds 55°C, the temperature of the front panel surface marked the flag may exceed 70°C. When touching the front panel of the board in such an environment, you must wear the protection gloves.

IF Cables

WARNING

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2

Guides to High-Risk Operations

About This Chapter

This chapter provides guides to the operations that may cause injury on human bodies and damage on the equipment if they are misconducted during the commissioning and maintenance of microwave equipment.

2.1 Operation Guide to the Toggle Lever Switch

The ODU-PWR switch on the IF board is a toggle lever switch. When you turn on or turn off the toggle lever switch, perform the operations in strict compliance with the guidelines. Otherwise, the IF board may be damaged.

2.2 Operation Guide to the IF Jumper

Before removing or installing an IF jumper, turn off the ODU-PWR. Otherwise, the body injury may be caused, and the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

2.3 Operation Guide to the IF Cable

Before removing or installing an IF cable, turn off the ODU-PWR. Otherwise, the body injury may be caused, and the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

2.4 Operation Guide to the IF Board

Before removing or installing an IF board, turn off the ODU-PWR. Otherwise, the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

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2.1 Operation Guide to the Toggle Lever Switch

The ODU-PWR switch on the IF board is a toggle lever switch. When you turn on or turn off the toggle lever switch, perform the operations in strict compliance with the guidelines. Otherwise, the IF board may be damaged.

Position and Description of the Toggle Lever Switch

The toggle lever switch resides on the IF board and controls the power that is fed to the ODU, as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Toggle lever switch

I : ON

O: OFF

Turning On the Toggle Lever Switch

1. Pull the toggle lever switch out slightly. 2 Guides to High-Risk Operations

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2. Turn it to the left.

3. Release the toggle lever switch.

Turning Off the Toggle Lever Switch

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2. Turn it to the right.

3. Release the toggle lever switch.

2.2 Operation Guide to the IF Jumper

Before removing or installing an IF jumper, turn off the ODU-PWR. Otherwise, the body injury may be caused, and the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

Procedure

Step 1 Turn off the ODU power switch on the IF board. For details, see 2.1 Operation Guide to the Toggle Lever Switch.

2 Guides to High-Risk Operations

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2

1 DANGER

Do not remove the IF jumper before the ODU is powered off! Step 2 Remove or install the IF jumper.

----End

2.3 Operation Guide to the IF Cable

Before removing or installing an IF cable, turn off the ODU-PWR. Otherwise, the body injury may be caused, and the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

Procedure

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2

1 DANGER

Do not remove or install the IF cable before the ODU is powered off! Step 2 Install or remove the IF cable.

----End

2.4 Operation Guide to the IF Board

Before removing or installing an IF board, turn off the ODU-PWR. Otherwise, the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

Procedure

2 Guides to High-Risk Operations

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3

2

1

3 DANGER

Do not remove or install the IF board before the ODU is powered off! Step 2 Disconnect the IF jumper or IF cable.

Step 3 Remove or install the IF board. ----End

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3

Routine Maintenance

About This Chapter

The routine maintenance operations are performed to detect and rectify hidden faults before the hidden faults result in the damage to the equipment and thus affect the services.

3.1 Routine Maintenance Items

Routine maintenance items are classified into three categories: routine maintenance items carried out through the NMS, field maintenance items for indoor equipment, and field maintenance items for outdoor equipment.

3.2 Operation Guide to the Routine Maintenance Items

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3.1 Routine Maintenance Items

Routine maintenance items are classified into three categories: routine maintenance items carried out through the NMS, field maintenance items for indoor equipment, and field maintenance items for outdoor equipment.

Routine Maintenance Items Carried Out Through the NMS

Maintenance Item Recomm

ended Mainten ance Cycle

Remarks

3.2.1 Checking the NE Status Every day

-3.2.2 Browsing the Current Alarms Every day

-3.2.3 Browsing the History Alarms Every week

-3.2.4 Browsing the Abnormal Events Every week -3.2.5 Browsing Current Performance Events Every week

-3.2.6 Browsing the History Performance Events

Every week

-3.2.7 Browsing the History Transmit Power and Receive Power

Every week

-3.2.8 Testing the IF 1+1 Switching Half a year

Applies only to the equipment that is configured in 1+1 protection mode. During the 1+1 protection switching (< 200 ms), the protected services are interrupted. Hence, it is recommended that you perform the 1+1 protection switching when the traffic is light.

3.2.9 Testing the IF N+1 Switching Half a year

Applies only to the equipment that is configured in N+1 protection mode.

Field Maintenance Items for Indoor Equipment

Maintenance Item Recommended

Maintenance Cycle Remarks

3.2.10 Checking the Telecommunications Room

Every two months

-3 Routine Maintenance

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Field Maintenance Items for Outdoor Equipment

Maintenance Item Recommended

Maintenance Cycle

Remarks

3.2.11 Checking the ODU Half a year Carry out a

complete check after a level-8 or higher hurricane, an earthquake, or other exceptional circumstances.

3.2.12 Checking the Hybrid Coupler Half a year

3.2.13 Checking the Antenna Half a year

3.2.14 Checking the IF Cable Half a year

3.2.15 Checking the LOS Condition Half a year

3.2 Operation Guide to the Routine Maintenance Items

This topic describes the operation guidelines to each routine maintenance item.

3.2.1 Checking the NE Status

This topic describes how to check the NE status. By periodically checking the NE status, you can detect the NE faults in time.

3.2.2 Browsing the Current Alarms

A current alarm is an alarm that is not cleared. Periodically browsing the current alarms helps in detecting and rectifying faults in time.

3.2.3 Browsing the History Alarms

A history alarm is an alarm that is cleared. Periodically browsing and storing the history alarm information helps in locating and rectifying faults.

3.2.4 Browsing the Abnormal Events

This topic describes how to browse the abnormal events. An abnormal event is an abnormality that arises in the system at a particular time and not an abnormality that persists for a long time. Periodically browsing the abnormal events helps in detecting equipment faults in time.

3.2.5 Browsing Current Performance Events

Periodically browsing the performance events helps you to check the long-term running status of the equipment. Hence, the latent hazards can be detected and cleared in time. The count of current performance events measures all the performance events that arise between the start time of the monitoring period and the current time.

3.2.6 Browsing the History Performance Events

Periodically browsing and storing the history performance events helps in locating faults.

3.2.7 Browsing the History Transmit Power and Receive Power

By periodically browsing the history transmit power and receive power, you can know the change trend of the history transmit power and receive power, which provides references for

troubleshooting the radio link.

3.2.8 Testing the IF 1+1 Switching

Periodically testing the IF 1+1 switching helps in checking whether switchings can be performed on the equipment normally.

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3.2.9 Testing the IF N+1 Switching

Periodically testing the IF N+1 switching helps in checking whether switchings can be performed on the equipment normally.

3.2.10 Checking the Telecommunications Room

Periodically checking the telecommunications room not only ensures that the equipment can operate normally in appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, but also reduces the fault rate and increases the service life of the equipment.

3.2.11 Checking the ODU

Periodically checking the ODU helps in detecting the faults and hidden troubles of the ODU in time.

3.2.12 Checking the Hybrid Coupler

Periodically checking the hybrid coupler helps in detecting the faults and hidden troubles of the hybrid coupler in time.

3.2.13 Checking the Antenna

Periodically checking the antenna helps in detecting the faults and hidden troubles of the antenna in time.

3.2.14 Checking the IF Cable

Checking the IF cable periodically helps you detect the faults in and hidden troubles of the IF cable in a timely manner.

3.2.15 Checking the LOS Condition

Periodically checking the LOS condition of the transmission link helps to detect hidden LOS obstacles on the transmission link.

3.2.1 Checking the NE Status

This topic describes how to check the NE status. By periodically checking the NE status, you can detect the NE faults in time.

Prerequisite

You must be an NM user with NE monitor authority or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials

U2000

Precautions

NOTE

By default, the color of the NE icon on the NMS indicates the NE status.

Procedure

Step 1 Check the NE icon in the Main Topology.

TIP

In the toolbar of the Main Topology, click the icon, and click the Legend tab in the window that is displayed on the right. By moving the vertical scrolling bar, you can view all the status legends of the NE.

The NE icon should be green. In other cases, you can infer as follows: 3 Routine Maintenance

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l Gray: indicates that the communication between the NE and the NMS is interrupted. l Purple: indicates that the NE status is unknown.

l Red: indicates that a critical alarm is generated. l Orange: indicates that a major alarm is generated. l Yellow: indicates that a minor alarm is generated. l Light blue: indicates that a warning is generated.

Step 2 Double-click the NE. Then, the NE Panel is displayed. The NE should be in Running Status.

NOTE

If the NE is in another state, query the current alarms based on A Alarm Reference.

Step 3 Click the icon. Then, the legend description is displayed.

Step 4 Check the running status of the boards by referring to the legend description. If a board is running normally, the board icon should be green.

----End

Postrequisite

If the NE status indicates that alarms exist on the NE, check the current alarms to locate the faults on the NE.

3.2.2 Browsing the Current Alarms

A current alarm is an alarm that is not cleared. Periodically browsing the current alarms helps in detecting and rectifying faults in time.

Prerequisite

You must be an NM user with NE monitor authority or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials

U2000

Procedure

Step 1 Choose Fault > Browse Current Alarm from the Main Menu.

TIP

In the toolbar, click the icon to browse the current alarms.

Then, the Filter dialog box is displayed.

Step 2 Set the alarm filter conditions according to the requirements. Click OK. Then, the filtered alarms are displayed in the Current Alarms window.

Step 3 Select Display latest alarms. Step 4 Browse the displayed alarms.