Child Restraint Research

(1)

Child Restraint Research

Transport Canada

(2)

2

Cabin Safety Standards

Project Evolution



Joint FAA/TC testing in 1989

–

Recommendation: R & D dedicated to the

design of a restraint system for infants and

small children traveling in aircraft be conducted

without delay.



Objective was to determine the feasibility

of developing a CRS which meets the

needs of the users, the airline industry,

and the regulators.

(3)

Drivers



Request for approval of “Belly Belt”



Operational problems associated with

CRS



Search for innovative solution



Child Safety System - not necessarily

a “seat”

(4)

4

Project Initiation



RFP

–

Results - No CRS manufacturers

–

Successful bidder - AASTRA

–

Aerospace Engineering - since

evolved into a telecommunications

company

(5)

Design Decisions



Who provides?



What standard to use?



Modal vs Multi-modal



Aviation Standards or Automotive

Standards - for materials & machining



Certification - Self certified or

approved?

(6)

6

Standard



CMVSS 213 used in absence of aviation

specific standard



CMVSS 213 similar to FMVSS 213 except

for more conservative head excursion limit

of 28.4 inches (720 mm) vs 32 inches (813

mm) - generates a requirement for a top

tether



Additional requirements for aviation

environment

(7)

Fit

Function

(8)

8

(9)

(10)

10

(11)

(12)

12

(13)

(14)

14

(15)

(16)

16

(17)

AVIATION VS AUTOMOTIVE



WIDTH BETWEEN ARMRESTS



BASE - DIMENSIONS



SEAT PITCH



INSTALLATION METHODS



INSTALLATION FREQUENCY

(18)

18

Additional Requirements



Simple and obvious to install in a/c



Easy and quick to adjust



Compact - minimize stowage space



Easy to maintain



Compatible with aircraft seats



Effective in aviation environment

(19)

PROJECT EVOLUTION



MODULAR FLOTATION CONCEPT



NON-FLOATING, FOLDING SYSTEM,

(MARK I PROTOTYPE)



OPTIMIZED FOLDING SYSTEM

(MARK II PROTOTYPE, ACSS)

(20)

20

WEDGE

BACK

(21)

BASE

WEDGE

(22)

22

(23)

(24)

24

(25)

(26)

26

(27)

(28)

28

(29)

95 tests - 3.4 inches

fwd of CRP

(30)

30

DYNAMIC TESTS

CHILD TEST RESULTS (CMVSS 213)

CRITERION MAXIMUM ACSS TEST

PERMISSIBLE VALUE

MAX. CHEST ACCEL. 60 g's over 3 msec 45 g's : passed

HEAD EXCURSION

LIMIT 28.4" 22.1" : passed

HEAD INJURY

CRITERION (HIC) 1000 374 : passed

INFANT TEST RESULTS (CMVSS 213.1)

CRITERION REQUIREMENT ACSS TEST

HEAD EXCURSION Forwardmost Point passed

LIMITS Readwardmost Point passed

ROTATION LIMIT Carrier Seatback angle: passed

< 70 degrees (43 degrees)

STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY No injurious surfaces passed

(31)

DYNAMIC TESTS

FAA TEST CASES

TEST NO. 1 2 3 4 5

CAMI Run No. A95059 A95060 A95061 A95062 A95063

Single Row Child, BCA Child, WCA n/a Child. WCA n/a Double Row

Row 1 n/a n/a Infant, BCA n/a empty

(32)

32

DYNAMIC TEST RESULTS

Infant Test Results (CAMI)

Test No:

A95061

A95063

CRITERION:

No excessive forward

pass

translation or rotation

Secure restraint of ATD

pass

Protection of ATD's head

pass

(33)

DYNAMIC TESTS

Child Test Results (CAMI)

Test No. A95059 A95060 A95061 A95062 CRITERION

Prevent excessive head pass pass pass pass excursion

Chest accel.: 29.4 33.3 31.1 data not (pass: < 60 g's) pass pass pass available HIC : 298.7 373.3 425.1 data not (pass: <1000) pass pass pass available Secure restraint of ATD pass pass pass pass Maintain structural

(34)

34

1997 CAMI TESTS MKIIA



TEST SERIES

-

FWD FACING - 3 RUNS

-

AFT FACING - 2 RUNS



DIFFERENCES IN TEST PROCEDURE

-

SEAT BACK POSITIONING

-

TYPES OF HARNESSES

(35)

95 tests - 3.4 inches

fwd of CRP

97 tests - 4.6 inches

fwd of CRP

(36)

36

(37)

(38)

38

(39)

(40)

40

(41)

1998 CAMI TESTS - MKIIA

PRODUCTION VERSION



TEST SERIES

-

FWD FACING

-

AFT FACING



DIFFERENCES IN TEST PROCEDURE

(42)

42

(43)

RESULTS



Objective was to determine the

feasibility of developing a CRS which

meets the needs of the users, the airline

industry, and the regulators



Preliminary results indicate the objective

is feasible

(44)

44

STATUS



Intellectual Property rights recovered



25 devices manufactured



Concurrent activity - development of a

standard suitable for aviation - currently

a SAE S-9 activity - AS5276



Validation testing for AS 5276

(45)

Proposed New SAE Aerospace Standard

(AS 5276A … in progress)

•SAE S9 Committee developing an AS for child restraints used with transport airplane passenger seats.

•Based on test procedures and methods of FMVSS-213, with modifications to test fixtures.

• Specifies a 16g test condition, airplane type belts and belt anchor locations.

•Pass/fail criteria to limit head excursion to 26 inches forward of seat CRP.

(46)

46

S e a t b a c k p i v o t a x i s S e a t b e l t a n c h o r a x i s 1 4 0 c _e _n t e r S _O R _L 2 5 4 r i g h t e n _d o f f _{r o n} t u p _p e r b a s e 2 5 4 P o i n t Z 2 ₇ ₀ 6 3 5 A l l d i m e n s i o n s i n m i l l i m e t e r s F M V S S - 2 1 3 S e a t F i x t u r e A S 5 2 7 6 C u s h i o n s P a s s e n g e r S e a t B e l t A n c h o r P o i n t s 4 6 0 A l u m . s e a t p a n f o r A S 5 2 7 6 t e s t Different Cushion

(47)

1 2 3 4 7 5 6 C u s h i o n R e f e r e n c e P o i n t ( C R P ) 5 0 L a p b e l t a n c h o r a x i s S e a t b a c k p i v o t a x i s N o t e B . N o t e A . 1 4 0 6 5 K n e e F o r w a r d E x c u r s i o n L i m i t = 9 1 5 m m H e a d F o r w a r d E x c u r s i o n L i m i t = 8 1 0 m m F M V S S - 2 1 3 S e a t F i x t u r e CRP-Belt Anchor Distance = 4.5 in.

(48)

48

(49)