Courses that Require this Course as a Prerequisite: None.

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ENGR (ASTR) 4190/6190

Planetary Atmospheres, Dynamics, and Magnetospheres The University of Georgia

Fall Semester 2012

Professor: David Emory Stooksbury Office: 603 Driftmier Engineering Center Phone: 583-‐0156 (3-‐0156 on campus)

E-‐mail: [email protected]

UGA Bulletin Course Description

The composition and structure of planetary atmospheres; heating and energy

transport; atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics; orbital dynamics of planets; magnetospheres; and extrasolar planets.

Credits: 3 hours.

Weekly Class Meeting Pattern: Tu/Th lecture (2:00 – 3:15 pm) and Wednesday observing/discussion session (7:55 – 9:50 pm) weekly. Because labs are at the mercy of the weather, we will have to remain flexible. Cloudy nights are built into the schedule. We also have to be flexible since the planets do not follow the academic calendar.

Level: Undergraduate/Graduate

Undergraduate Prerequisite: (MATH 2500 or MATH 2700) and (PHYS 1212-‐ 1212L or PHYS 1312-‐1312L)

Undergraduate Prerequisite or Corequisite: None

Courses that Require this Course as a Prerequisite: None.

Texts:

Planetary Sciences, 2nd_ed._{Imke de Pater and Jack J. Lissauer. 2010. Cambridge}

University Press.

The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought. Thomas S. Kuhn. 1957. Harvard University Press.

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Topical Outline

Week 1: August 13 -‐ 17 Introduction to the Planets

Lecture Readings:

de Pater and Lissauer: Chapter 1, pp. 1 – 19

Kuhn’s Preface and Forward, pp. VII -‐ XVIII

Homework Problems: 1.2, 1.3, and1.4

Kuhn Discussion: None this week

Observing Session: Taking CCD images

Topic

Introduction to the course

PART I: ORBITAL DYNAMICS

Week 2: August 20 -‐ 24 Newton’s Laws of Motion

Review the chapters in your introductory physics book covering Newton’s laws and their applications in rectilinear and two-‐

dimensions with special attention given to uniform circular motion.

Kuhn’s Chapter 1: The Ancient Two-‐Sphere Universe, pp. 1 -‐ 44

Homework Problems: 1.5 and 1.6

Kuhn Discussion: Preface and Forward

Observing Session: Mars and Jupiter

Topics

Classical Mechanics Space and Time Mass and Force

Newton’s First and Second Laws; Inertial Frames The Third Law and the Conservation of Momentum Newton’s Second Law in Cartesian Coordinates Two-‐dimensional Polar Coordinates

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Week 3: August 27 – 31 Momentum and Angular Momentum

Review the chapters in your introductory physics book covering momentum and angular momentum with special emphasis on the conservation of momentum

Kuhn’s Chapter 2: The Problem of the Planets, pp. 45 -‐ 77

Homework Problems: Handout problems, Classical Mechanics I

Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 1: The Ancient Two-‐Sphere Universe, pp. 1 -‐ 44

Observing Session: Mars and Jupiter

Topics

Conservation of Momentum Rockets

The Center of Mass

Angular Momentum for a Single Particle Angular Momentum for Several Particles

Week 4: September 3 -‐ 7 Energy

Monday 3 September is Labor Day

Review the chapters in your introductory physics book covering kinetic energy, potential energy (with special emphasis on potential energy being a function of location), and the conservation of energy.

Kuhn’s Chapter 3: The Two-‐Sphere Universe in Aristotelian Thought, pp. 78 -‐ 99

Homework Problems: Handout problems, Classical Mechanics II

Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 2: The Problem of the Planets, pp. 45 -‐ 77

Observing Session: The Moon

Topics

Kinetic Energy and Work

Potential Energy and Conservative Forces Forces as the Gradient of Potential Energy

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The Second Condition for Force to be Conservative Time-‐Dependent Potential Energy

Energy for Linear One-‐Dimensional Systems Curvilinear One-‐Dimensional Systems Central Forces

Energy of Interaction of Two Particles Energy of a Multiparticle System

Week 5: September 10 -‐ 14 Kepler’s Laws

de Pater and Lissauer pp. 22 -‐ 26

Kuhn’s Chapter 4: Recasting the Tradition: Aristotle to Copernicus, pp. 100 -‐133

Homework Problems: Handout problems, Classical Mechanics III

Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 3: The Two-‐Sphere Universe in Aristotelian Thought, pp. 78 -‐ 99

Observing Session: The Moon

Topics

Kepler’s Laws

Center of Mass and Relative Coordinates; Reduced Mass The Equations of Motion

The Equivalent One-‐Dimensional Problem The Equation of the Orbit

The Bounded and Unbounded Kepler Orbits Changes of Orbits

Week 6: September 17 – 21 The Three-‐Body Problem, Perturbation and

Resonances

de Pater and Lissauer pp.26 -‐ 34

Kuhn’s Chapter 5: Copernicus’s Innovation, pp. 134 -‐ 184

Homework Problems: 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, and 2.8

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Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 4: Recasting the Tradition: Aristotle to Copernicus, pp. 100 -‐133

Observing Session: Asteroids

Topics

Jacobi Constant, Lagrangian Points Horseshoe and Tadpole Orbits Hill Sphere

Distant Planetary Satellites and Quasi-‐Satellites Regular and Chaotic Motion

Resonance

Examples of Orbital Resonance Resonance in the Asteroid Belt

The Resonance Overlap Criterion and Jacobi-‐Hill Stability

Week 7: September 24 – 28 Stability of the Solar System

Kuhn’s Chapter 6: The Assimilation of Copernican Astronomy, pp. 185 -‐ 228

Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 5: Copernicus’s Innovation, pp. 134 -‐ 184

Observing Session: Cloudy night make-‐up

Topics

Secular Perturbation Theory Chaos and Planetary Motions

Survival Lifetimes of Smaller Bodies Orbits About an Oblate Planet Gravitational Potential

Precession of Particle Orbits Torque Upon an Oblate Planet

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Week 8: October 1 – 5 Tides; The Orbits of Small Bodies

Kuhn’s Chapter 7: The New Universe, pp. 229 -‐ 278

Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 6: The Assimilation of Copernican Astronomy, pp. 185 -‐ 228

Topics

Tides

The Tidal Force and the Tidal Bulges Tidal Torque

Tidal Heating

Dissipative Forces and the Orbits of Small Bodies

Week 9: October 8 -‐ 12 Catch Up Week

Homework Problems: 2.27, 2.30, and 2.33

Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 7: The New Universe, pp. 229 -‐ 278

Topics

Orbital Dynamics Catch-‐Up and Review

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Part II: Planetary Atmospheres

Week 10: October 15 – 19 Solar Heating and Energy Transport

MIDTERM EXAMINATION IS ON THURSDAY 18 OCTOBER. The midterm

examination will cover the lecture material through week 9 – classical mechanics and orbital dynamics.

Observing Session: None this week

Topics

Energy Balance and Temperature Thermal (Blackbody) Radiation Albedo and Emissivity

Equilibrium Temperature Conduction

Convection

Hydrostatic Equilibrium Thermodynamics: 1st_Law Adiabatic Lapse Rate

Week 11: October 22 – 26 Radiation and Energy Transport

de Pater and Lissauer pp. 64 – 72

Observing Session: TBD

Topics

Radiation Definitions

Energy Transitions (electron transitions) Einstein A and B Coefficients

Equations of Radiative Transfer Thermal Profile

Greenhouse Effect

Radiative Transfer in a Surface

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Week 12: October 29 – November 2 – Radiation Catch-‐up Week

Observing Session: TBD

Topics

Radiation Catch-‐Up and Review

Week 13: November 5 – 9 Structure & Composition of Planetary Atmospheres

Observing Session: Saturn

Topics

Density and Scale Height

Thermal Structure of Planetary Atmospheres Sources and Transport of Energy

Atmospheric Composition Spectra of Planetary Atmospheres Line Profiles

Natural Damping: Lorentz Profile Pressure or Collisional Broadening

Observations of Selected Planets and Satellites

Week 14: November 12 – 16 Planetary Clouds and Circulation

de Pater and Lissauer pp. 100 – 126

Observing Session: Saturn

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Topics

Clouds

Formation of Precipitation Clouds on Selected Planets Winds Forced by Solar Heating Hadley Circulation

Thermal Tides Condensation Flows Wind Equations Coriolis Effect

Thermal Wind Equation Convection

Eddies and Vortices Waves

Lightning

Observations from Selected Planets

Week 15: November 19 -‐ 23 Thanksgiving Holiday Break

Review for Final Examination

Homework Exercises: Review for Final Examination

Observing Session: Work on Project Presentation

Topics

Review for Final Examination

Week 16: November 26 – November 30 Planetary Photochemistry; History of

Secondary Atmospheres

Homework Problems: 4.20, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, 4.29, 4.33, 4.34, 4.35 and 4.36 (Note: These homework problems will NOT be collected but will help you on your final examination.)

Presentations: Project Presentations

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Topics

Photolysis and Recombination Oxygen Chemistry on the Earth

Photochemistry of Selected Planets and Satellites Electric Currents

Airglow and Aurora

Molecular and Eddy Diffusion Atmospheric Escape

History of Secondary Atmospheres

Week 17: December 3 – 7

Tuesday 4 December is the last day of fall semester. Tuesday 4 December will be running on a Friday class schedule.

Final Examination

Tuesday 11 December 2012, 3:30 -‐ 6:30 pm

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Course Learning Objectives Matrix Course Learning Objectives Course Assessment Methods* Extent of Coverage of Program Outcomes** (ABET Criterion 3)

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Apply elementary classical mechanics to planetary orbits with an emphasis on Kepler’s Laws, perturbations and resonances.

A, B, C, E a-xxx, j-x

2. Demonstrate an understanding of Newtonian gravitational theory to orbital motion and tides.

A, B, C, E

a-xxx, j-x 3. Explain applied and theoretical aspects of

atmospheric dynamics to planetary atmospheres.

A, B, C, E

a-xxx, j-x

4. Explain applied and theoretical aspects of atmospheric thermodynamics to planetary atmospheres.

A, B, C, E a-xxx

5. Explain and apply simple energy transport models to planetary atmospheres

A, B, C, E

a-x 6. Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the

physics of electromagnetic phenomenon in the solar system.

A, B, C, D, E

a-xx, d-x, g-x, j-xx, k-x 7. Compare and contrast terrestrial and Jovian

planetary atmospheres.

A, B, C, E

a-xxx 8. Demonstrate an understanding of the

relationships among giant planets, brown dwarfs and low-mass stars.

A, E

a-xxx, d-xx, f-xxxx, g-xx * Course Assessment Methods: A – Homework; B – Hourly Exams; C – Final Exam; D – Computer based project; E – Student Evaluation

** Extent of Coverage: x – some, xx – moderate, xxx - extensive ABET EC-2000 Criterion 3 Program Outcomes

a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering: xxx - extensive b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data: x - some c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs: none

d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams: x - some

e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems: none f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility: x - some g) an ability to communicate effectively: xx - moderate

h) the broad educational necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context: none

i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning: x - some j) a knowledge of contemporary issues: xx - moderate

k) an ability to use techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice: none

Overall Course Contribution to the Program Outcome

This is designed for atmospheric sciences, physics & astronomy, and engineering students. The course will use a multidisciplinary approach to study the comparative study of planetary atmospheres. Special emphasis will be placed on the fundamental physics.

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Method of Grading Midterm Exam 15% Final Exam 15% Final Project 25% Observing Sessions 10 % Weekly Write-‐ups 10% Homework 20 % Project Presentation 5% Revision 17 July 2012 Additional Information

The course syllabus is a general plan for the course; deviations announced to the class by the instructor may be necessary. The instructor reserves to right to make changes to the syllabus as necessary.

Academic Honesty

All academic work must meet the standards contained in "A Culture of Honesty." Students are responsible for informing themselves about those standards before performing any academic work.

The link to more detailed information about academic honesty can be found at: www.uga.edu/ovpi/honesty/acadhon.htm.

Engineering Professional Policy

Engineers make great contributions to society. Engineering is a very satisfying profession that provides many rewards but is demanding and requires hard work. The engineering profession is governed by a code of ethics. Engineering faculty at UGA expect students to act in a professional manner at all times and develop the work ethics required for a successful engineering career. Engineering students at UGA are responsible for maintaining the highest standards of professionalism and professional practice.

Engineering Grading Policy Regarding Communication Skills

Thirty percent of the grade on all written assignments (lab reports and papers) and oral presentations will be based on quality of communication. Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and clarity of writing are evidence of written communication quality. Enunciation, voice projection, clarity and logical order of the presentation and effective use of visual aids are evidence of oral communication quality.

Homework Policy

Homework problems are due at the beginning of class on the Thursday following the week assigned.

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Class Attendance Policy

Lecture attendance is encouraged. Material will be covered in class that is not in the book. Attendance is required for all observing and discussion sessions.

Discussion Write-‐ups

Two page typed (10 or 12 point with one inch margins) discussion write-‐ups are due at the beginning of Tuesday ‘s lecture. Each write-‐up should include a summary of Larson’s main points and your thoughts on his points.

Literature Presentations

Students are required to give a presentation based on their project. The presenter will be responsible for choosing the research problem, finding the appropriate literature, presenting the findings, and leading a class discussion on the research problem.

Final Project

Undergraduates are to write a 9 to 11 pages term paper on a planetary sciences topic. Undergraduates should include a minimum of 15 references from referred science journals.

Graduates are to write a 12 to 15 pages term paper on a planetary sciences topic. Graduate students should include a minimum of 25 references from referred science journals

A copy of the abstract of each reference should be submitted with the final paper. Use 12-‐point type with one-‐inch borders.

Make sure to adequately define a narrow planetary science topic. The paper must go into the detail physics of the topic.

Courses that Require this Course as a Prerequisite: None.

Final Examination

Tuesday 11 December 2012, 3:30 -­‐ 6:30 pm

Final Exam

Tuesday 11 December 2012, 3:30 -­‐ 6:30 pm

Tuesday 11 December 2012, 3:30 -‐ 6:30 pm

Tuesday 11 December 2012, 3:30 -‐ 6:30 pm