Oracle on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

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March 24, 2006

Oracle on SUSE Linux

Enterprise Server

Technical Introduction

Arun Singh

Software Engineer Consultant [email protected]

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Agenda

Oracle - Introduction

orarun package

Tuning Aspects

Installation Tips

Installation

Q&A

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• Lack of vendor choice

Open Systems _{• Increased leverage}

of IT skills and assets • Improved security and

manageability

• Vendor flexibility

• Dramatic reductions in operating costs

Enterprises are Shifting to Open

• Today's Enterprise:

Multiple platforms,

proprietary technologies, management and security challenges

• Tomorrow’s Open Enterprise:

Performance, reliability, and world-class support on

standards-based, open platforms

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Introducing:

SUSE Linux Enterprise 10

The platform for the open

enterprise.

●

Built-in application

security

●

Virtualization

●

Integrated systems

management

●

Supported on the full

range of hardware

architectures.

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Operating Systems

Novell's Comprehensive Ecosystem

Developer Communities User Communities

Worldwide Technical Support Worldwide Consulting Services

T ra in in g Ed u ca tio n In d ep en d en t S o ftw ar e V en d o rs In d ep en d en t H ar d w ar e V en d o rs Database Applications Applications User Interface

Data Center Desktop Workgroup Resource Management

Security & Identity

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Novell and Oracle – Partner

•

Strong Partnership

– Technology and Business Planning

– Relationship since first Oracle-Linux version 8.0.5 on SUSE 6.0

•

Engineer on-site at Oracle

– Testing, Supporting partners/customers on technical issues

•

Regular Technical Meetings

– Bugs, Customer problem escalation, Future features, etc.

•

Combined Testing Efforts

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Supported Oracle Platforms

•

Oracle Supported Platforms

– Linux x86

– Linux x86-64 (AMD64, EM64T)

– Linux IA64 (Itanium Processor Family) – IBM zSeries (S/390)

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Supported Oracle Products

All key Oracle products are certified to run on

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)

– Oracle Database Server - Oracle 9iR2, 10gR1, 10gR2, etc. – Oracle Application Server - Oracle iAS 10g, 10gR2, 10gR3 – Oracle Collaboration Suite - 9.0.4, 10g

– Oracle E-Business Suite - Oracle Apps 11i (11.5.9), (11.5.10) – Oracle Developer Suite – Oracle JDeveloper 10gR3 (10.1.3)

Check Certify on Oracle MetaLink (http://metalink.oracle.com) for current certification status of each products.

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Oracle Database Server 10g



Highest

Quality of

Service



Lowest

Cost



Easiest to

Manage

Database Grid Application Server Grid

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Oracle Products – In Action

Business

Intelligence Tools Web Services ApplicationsPackaged

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Oracle Database Server 10g

•

Oracle Database Server 10g

– Available in various bundling > Enterprise Edition

> Standard Edition (4 CPU)

> Standard Edition One (2 CPU)

> Personal Edition (full featured for individuals) > Lite Edition (mobile devices)

> Express Edition (free version)

– Easy upgrade to 10g from Oracle 8i & Oracle 9i > Check Metalink for version compatibility details.

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Oracle Database 10gR1 Features

•

Released in Sept. 2003

– Self Managing Database

– Improved installation

– Automatic SGA (System Global Area) Management

– Data Pump

– Job Scheduler

– Flashback Database

– Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) – SQL Tuning and Access adviser

– RMAN (Recovery Manager)

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Oracle Database 10gR2 Features

•

Released in June 2005

– Improved Automatic Storage System (ASM)

– Automatic Backup and Recovery – Secure Backup

– Fault Tolerant Standby – Data Provisioning

– Real Application Clusters (RAC) – Improved Enterprise Manager

– Self Managing Database – Improvements

– Improved DB Control, Job Scheduler

– Native XML Query Support in the Database

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Oracle Database Express Edition (XE)

•

Released in February 2006 (10gR2 based)

– Free to develop, deploy and distribute

> Developers, DBA's, ISV's, and Educational Institutions and Students – Easy to Install and Remove (rpm format)

– Small foot print (Less RAM and Disk Space required) – Limitations – Restricted to use system resources up to:

> 4GB of user data > 1 GB RAM

> 1 CPU only

> 32 bit Linux (x86) only

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Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC)

•

Application Scalability

– Add instances against same database files providing more Oracle processes and increasing number of users

•

High Availability

– Node & Database instance no longer represent single point of failure

•

Storage Options

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Oracle RAC Instance Architecture

ASM inst DB inst 2 CRS ASM inst DB inst 3 CRS OCR Vote DB Nodeapps: Vip, ons, gsd Nodeapps: Vip, ons, gsd ASM inst DB inst 1 CRS Nodeapps: Vip, ons, gsd Shared Storage Private Network Public Network Private Network Node 3 Node 1 Node 2

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Oracle Products – Roadmap

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orarun : What it is?

•

orarun is SUSE Linux rpm-package for easy, and

effortless Oracle Database Install.

– orarun is part of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

– You can download latest version of orarun from Novell ftp site: > SLES 9: ftp://ftp.novell.com/partners/oracle/sles-9/

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orarun : What it does?

•

Set up user oracle, groups dba, oinstall

•

Set Oracle environment variables

– ORACLE_BASE, ORACLE_HOME, PATH,

LD_LIBRARY_PATH, TNS_ADMIN, ORA_NLS33, etc.

•

Set SUSE Linux Kernel parameters

– Shared memory: shmmax, shmmni, shmall, shm-use-bigpages

– Semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni

– Network (for RAC): ip_local_port_range, (r|w)mem_(max| default)

– Limits: max. open files, max. processes, max core-file size, vm_mapped_ratio

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orarun : What it does?

•

Provide Start/Stop script for Oracle services

– _{Oracle DB, listener, Enterprise Manager, etc.} •

Increase oracle user's shell limits

– /etc/security/limits.conf – /etc/pam.d/login

•

Provides symlinks for some Oracle products that

expect at non-standard places.

•

Provides helper library for Oracle 9i on SLES9 (32bit)

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orarun : Main Components

•

/etc/init.d/oracle

– start/stop scripts for Oracle Database and other services.

•

/etc/sysconfig/oracle

– Central place for variables used by start/stop scripts. – Use YaST to modify orarun variables.

•

/etc/profile.d/oracle.[c]sh

– Pre-defined Oracle environment variables. – Edit this file as per your oracle environment.

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orarun : YaST Interface

/sbin/yast2 -> System ->/etc/sysconfig Editor

– Search for ORACLE to list available parameters

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Optimizations – OS

•

Remember:

– Select certified hardware and components > 32 bit, or 64 bit

– Server should be tuned for specific task > CPU intensive

> Database intensive

– Optimize your server hard disk usage > swap on different disk

> Partition layout > Use RAID

– Monitor Server Resources

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Optimizations – VM

•

/proc/sys/vm/swappiness

– Default value is 60

– Set Higher value means ideal applications/services are

removed from the memory, allowing the memory to be used for I/O caching

– Set Lower value, If you don't want applications to be removed from memory in favor of I/O caching i.e. avoid swapping.

i.e. echo “10” >/proc/sys/vm/swappiness – use “vmstat” to monitor

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Optimizations – IO

•

I/O Scheduler

– Default SLES scheduler is “cfq” works well

– Select at boot time or modify grub entry i.e. elevator=XXX > Select one of four schedulers “cfq or deadline or as or noop”

> Try deadline for disk intensive database application > Try as for fileservers with mostly reads

> Try noop with fast storage system with lots of cache.

•

Tune the I/O Scheduler

– /sys/block/sdX/queue/iosched/quantum - Default value is 4 – Lower value – Shorter latency but lower data throughput – Higher Value – Longer latency but higher data throughput

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Optimizations – IO

•

I/O Subsystem

– /sys/block/sdX/queue/read_ahead

> Increase from 128 to 512 for fast SCSI disks or RAID.

– /sys/block/sdX/queue/nr_requests

> Increase from 128 to 256 if CFQ scheduler and fast storage is used to

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Optimizations – AIO/DIO

•

Asynch I/O, Direct I/O

– You need libaio libraries from OS i.e. rpm -q libaio – Oracle 10gR2 is enabled (default)

> Older Oracle products 9iR2/10gR1 must be relinked with async_on » make PL_ORALIBS=-laio -f ins_rdbms.mk async_on

» make PL_ORALIBS=-laio -f ins_rdbms.mk ioracle – init.ora settings : filesystemio_options=xxx

> Default is NONE

> asynch – to enable ASYNCH only

> directio – to enable Direct IO only (filesystem must support) > setall – both Asynch and Direct IO is enabled.

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Optimizations – Oracle Tools

•

Oracle 9i

– Install STATSPACK

> sqlplus “/ as sysdba” @ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/spcreate.sql – Collect statistics (PL/SQL) and Analyze performance

> EXECUTE statspack.snap and run spreport.sql

•

Oracle 10g

– AWR (Automatic Workload Repository)

> Built into Oracle Kernel (no SQL) and Collects data every 60 min. (default) > Reports ( HTML via Enterprise Manager)

» Manual: SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql – ADDM (Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor)

> Reports are based on AWR snapshots

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Summary : Oracle on SUSE Linux

•

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (

_{update with latest Service Packs}

)

– Scales better for SMP's – Improved I/O Features

•

Configure I/O Properly

– Ensure HBA's cache is enable

– Use RAID and analyze performance with different block sizes

•

Enable AIO/Direct IO

– Adjust filesystemio_option in init.ora (Default is NONE)

•

Performance Analysis

– Use Enterprise Manager Performance Analysis feature to collect and

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SUSE Linux – Required Packages

•

Packages

– Default SUSE Linux Package Selection – C/C++ Compiler and Tools

– Oracle Server Base > Provides orarun package

•

Other useful packages

– sysstat

> Provides sar, iostat, mpstat, etc.

– OCFS2

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SUSE Linux – Version Check

•

Verify SUSE Linux version before installing Oracle

– SPident

– /etc/SuSE-release

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SUSE Linux File System Selection

•

ReiserFS v3

– Scalable & Performant – Best for lot of small files

•

EXT3

– Performant

– Best for small file systems (few files)

•

XFS

– Scalable & Performant – Best for lot of large files

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SUSE Linux – Oracle 10gR2

Problem:

Oracle 10gR2 Universal Installer reports unsupported OS

on SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 based products.

Solution:

Start Oracle Installer with

ignoreSysPrereqs

option.

i.e. ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs

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SUSE Linux – Oracle 10gR2

Problem:

Oracle 10gR2 Installation will hang at link time due to

incorrect syntax in $ORACLE_HOME/bin/gennttab file.

...

LIB=`$ECHO ${TtoLIB} | $SED 's/ /\\

/g' | $GREP "^${T}:" | $AWK -F: '{print $2}'` INI=`$ECHO ${TtoINI} | $SED 's/ /\\

/g' | $GREP "^${T}:" | $AWK -F: '{print $2}'` BAS=`$ECHO ${TtoBAS} | $SED 's/ /\\

/g' | $GREP "^${T}:" | $AWK -F: '{print $2}'` ...

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SUSE Linux – Oracle 10gR2 Fix

Solution:

Once Installer copies gennttab file, edit line “LIB, INI & BAS” in $ORACLE_HOME/bin/gennttab before linking starts.

LIB=`$ECHO ${TtoLIB} | $SED 's/ /\\

/g' | $GREP "^${T}:" | $AWK -F: '{print $2}'`

Correct Syntax:

LIB=`$ECHO ${TtoLIB} | $SED 's/ /\n/g' | $GREP "^${T}:" | $AWK -F: '{print $2}'`

INI=`$ECHO ${TtoINI} | $SED 's/ /\n/g' | $GREP "^${T}:" | $AWK -F: '{print $2}'`

BAS=`$ECHO ${TtoBAS} | $SED 's/ /\n/g' | $GREP "^${T}:" | $AWK -F: '{print $2}'`

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Installation – Oracle Database XE

•

Download rpm from Oracle Technology Network

– http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/xe/htdocs/102xelinsoft.html

•

Install Oracle Database XE package

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Installation – Oracle Database XE

•

Configure -

/etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure

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Oracle Database XE – Administration

•

Web Access

– http://host:port/apex

i.e. http://localhost:8080/apex

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Oracle 10g – Pre Installation task

•

Install orarun package

– Change oracle entry (/bin/false to /bin/bash) in /etc/passwd – Set password for user oracle i.e. passwd oracle

•

Set Linux Kernel Parameters

– SET_ORACLE_KERNEL_PARAMETERS="yes" (default) in /etc/sysconfig/oracle to load at boot time.

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Oracle 10g – Post Installation Task

•

Edit /etc/oratab

– Change your Oracle Database Instance to “Y”

•

Oracle Database start at boot time

– Edit “/etc/sysconfig/oracle” or use YaST to change Startup parameters i.e. Change START_ORACLE_DB=”yes”

•

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart

– 10gR1: Fix ORATAB location to /etc/oratab or create sym link

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Installation – Check

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Installation – Choice

Select Advanced Installation for customization.

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Installation – OS Checks

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Installation – Continue

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Installation – Database Configuration

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Installation – Complete

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SQLPLUS – Command Line

•

Start/Stop Database

•

Set/Check Database Parameters

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New in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10

• Enhanced data center deployment and management

– Xen 3 virtualization

– Support for Intel Vanderpool and AMD Pacifica dramatically improves system

utilization and optimizations for multi-core processors

– Improved performance and SMP scalability

– Advanced management, instrumentation, and monitoring tools

• Expanded hardware support

– Support for latest hardware: storage, networking, platform management,

graphics, audio, Bluetooth and USB devices

– Enhanced storage capabilities: Storage foundation for HA-clusters integrating

Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS), EVMS and Heartbeat; NFS v4; iSCSI

• Unmatched security

– Only Linux server with built-in application security

SUSE Linux Enterprise Sever is the best-engineered Linux server, the best choice for mission-critical workloads.

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New in SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 10

• New levels of end user productivity

– Powerful desktop productivity tools: E-mail, desktop search, Firefox Web browser,

Instant messaging, multi-media

– OpenOffice.org 2.0 office suite and Visual Basic macro conversion

– Easy-to-learn desktop environment with advanced animations and rendering • Seamless integration with enterprise systems

– Enhanced hardware support for USB and Bluetooth devices

– Seamless connectivity to mixed networks, including Novell eDirectory and Active

Information

Novell

– General: http://www.novell.com/oracle

– Novell SUSE/Oracle mailing list : [email protected] – Installation Documents and White papers:

http://www.novell.com/products/linuxenterpriseserver/oracle/documents.html

Oracle

– SW Downloads: http://otn.oracle.com/Linux – Certify and Patches: http://metalink.oracle.com

– Oracle Discussion Forums : httpL//forums.oracle.com – Oracle Online Documents:

> Oracle XE: http://www.oracle.com/pls/xe102/homepage > Oracle 10gR2: http://www.oracle.com/pls/db102/homepage

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