CLOUD COMPUTING IN TECHNOLOGIES
S.Gowri
1, J.Preethi
2, N.Sangeetha
31MS (IT), M.Phil., 2,3M.C.A., PGDCA, Dept of Computer Applications., Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts & Science for Women, Perambalur (India)
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the problems and explores potential solutions for providing long term storage and access to research outputs. The ready availability of cloud storage and compute services provides a potentially attractive option for curation and preservation of the search information. The framework uses hybrid cloud, combining internal institutional storage, cloud storage and cloud based preservation services into a single integrated repository infrastructure. Allocation of the content to storage providers is performed using on a rules-based approach. The results of an evaluation of the proof-of-concept system are described.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Cloud Technology.
I. INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing is an innovative technology that is revolutionizing the way of computing. The key concept of cloud computing is that don‟t buy the hardware, or even the software need anymore, rather rent some computational power, storage, databases, and any other resource need by a provider according to a pay-as-go model,.
In this term “cloud computing” the word „cloud‟ is a metaphor for the internet. By using cloud computing the gain access at any through any device, via the internet, to data and files which have to uploaded, or to software applications which need to use for personal or professional use. Cloud computing being used more and more in business today.
Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data centers. It relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale, similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services.
Cloud computing, or in simpler shorthand just "the cloud", also focuses on maximizing the effectiveness of the shared resources. Cloud resources are usually not only shared by multiple users but are also dynamically reallocated per demand. This can work for allocating resources to users. For example,
Cloud computer facility that serves European users during European business hours with a specific application (e.g., email) mare allocate the same resources to serve North American users during North America's business hours with a different application (e.g., a web server). This approach should maximize the use of computing power thus reducing environmental damage as well since less power, air conditioning, rack space, etc. are required for a variety of functions.
1.1 History of Cloud Computing
The origin of the term cloud computing is unclear. The expression cloud is commonly used in science to describe a large agglomeration of objects that visually appear from a distance as a cloud and describes any set of things whose details are not inspected further in a given context. Another explanation is that the old programs to draw network schematics surrounded the icons for servers with a circle, and a cluster of servers in a network diagram had several overlapping circles, which resembled a cloud.
In analogy to above usage the word cloud was used as a metaphor for the Internet and a standardized cloud-like shape was used to denote a network on telephony schematics and later to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams. With this simplification, the implication is that the specifics of the end points of a network are connected are not relevant for the purposes of understanding the diagram. The cloud symbol was used to represent the Internet as early as 1994, in which servers were then shown connected to, but external to, the cloud.
1.2 The 1970s
During the mid-1970s, time-sharing was popularly known as RJE (Remote Job Entry); this terminology was mostly associated with large vendors such as IBM and DEC.[citation needed] IBM developed the VM Operating System (first released in 1972) to provide time-sharing services[citation needed] via virtual machines.
1.3 The 1990s
In the 1990s, telecommunications companies, was previously offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering virtual private network (VPN) services with comparable quality of service, but at a lower cost. Computers became more prevalent, scientists and technologists explored ways to make large-scale computing power available to more users through time-sharing. The experimented with algorithms to optimize the infrastructure, platform, and applications to prioritize CPUs and increase efficiency for end users.
1.4 The New Millennium: 2000s
Since 2000 cloud computing has come into existence. In early 2008, NASA's Open Nebula, enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds.
1.5 Examples of Cloud Computing
Figure1: Cloud Architecture 1.6 E-mail Communication
The emails are among the most popular ways used by people to communicate today and the services are constantly evolving to become faster and more reliable. Emails clients are popular ways to check emails, but they often use your physical memory to store communication data.
Cloud computing enables webmail client to use cloud storage and give you to opportunity to check your emails from any place in the world. All the big technology use cloud computing to make their emails messaging services are more reliable.
1.7 Collaboration Made Easy
Sharing document and other files between your connections used to consume a lot of times and requires buying sometimes expensive storage devices with cloud computing. All this went to the last century now with applications like Google users can create files and invite others to edit, comment and collaborate with in real time.
Cloud computing collaboration is similar to instant messaging but offers users to complete particular work activities that are likely to take few Months, in first few hours. Although, the Google is the most popular cloud collaboration solution out there, other great choices are Mikogo and view.
1.8 The Virtual Office
Probably the most popular use of the cloud computing is to enable business owners to “rent” software instead of buying it. Google is the most popular suite for running virtual office, but there are lots of other solutions available such as Think Free and Microsoft office live.
The main benefit of using virtual office applications is that PC would not be overloaded with tons of heavy programs, but instead transfer most of the work online. Other benefits that came with using virtual office suits includes in proved accessibility, options for collaboration and secure cloud storage space.
1.9 Extra Processing Power at Lower Cost
Cloud solutions are allow to live extra processing power in the cloud for just a fraction of what have to pay for having all this infrastructure running in the company.
With the most infrastructure as a service cloud provides, it will be able to completely customize it to suit the extra business needs. Using the cloud to harness extra processing power can save the thousands of dollars required as an up-front investment without making any sacrifices when it comes to service quality.
II. ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING 2.1 Cost Efficiency
This is the biggest advantages of cloud computing, achieved by the elimination of the investment in stand-alone software or servers.
By leveraging cloud‟s capabilities, companies can save on licensing fees and at the same time eliminate overhead charges such as the cost of data storage, software updates, management etc
2.2 Convenience and Continuous Availability
Public clouds offer services that are available wherever the end user might be located. This approach enables easy access to information and accommodates the needs of users in different time zones and geographic location. As a side benefit, collaboration booms since it is now easier than ever to access, view and modify shared documents and files.
2.3 Backup and Recovery
The process of backing up and recovering data is simplified since those now reside on the cloud and not on a physical device.
The various cloud providers offer reliable and flexible backup or recovery solutions. In some cases, the cloud itself is used solely as a backup repository of the data located in local computers.
III. ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
The cloud is in general more efficient than the typical IP infrastructure and it takes fewer resources to compute, thus saving energy. For example, when servers are not used, the infrastructures normally scale down, freeing up resources and consuming less power. At any moment, only the resources that are truly needed are consumed by the system.
3.1 Scalability and Performance
Scalability is a built-in feature for cloud deployments. Cloud instances are deployed automatically only when needed and as a result, the pay only for the applications and data storage need. Hand in hand also comes elasticity, since clouds can be scaled to meet the changes in IT system demands.
Again, it is the provider‟s responsibility to ensure that the services run on cutting edge machinery. Instances can be added customers have access to the total resources of the cloud‟s core hardware via their dashboards.
3.2 Disadvantages of the Cloud Computing
Figure2: Cloud Disadvantage 3.3 Security and Privacy in the Cloud
Security is the biggest concern when it comes to cloud computing.
By leveraging a remote cloud based infrastructure, a company essentially gives away private data and information, things that might be sensitive and confidential. It is then up to the cloud service provider to manage, protect and retain them, thus the provider‟s reliability is very critical.
Figure3: Cloud Infrastructure 3.4 Technical Difficulties and Downtime
Certainly the smaller business will enjoy not having to deal with the daily technical issues and will prefer handling those to an established IT company, however all the systems might face dysfunctions from time to time. Outage and downtime is possible even to the best cloud service providers.
3.5 Limited Control and Flexibility
Since the applications and services run on remote, third party virtual environments, companies and user have limited control over the function and execution of the hardware and software. Moreover, since remote software is being used, it usually lacks the features of an application running locally.
IV. INCREASED VULNERABILITY
The cloud based solutions are exposed on the public internet and are thus a more vulnerable target for malicious users and hackers. Nothing on the internet is completely secured and even the biggest players suffer from serious attacks and security breaches. Due to the interdependency of the system, if there is a compromise one of the machines that data is stored, there might be a leakage of personal information to the world.
4.1 Categories of Cloud Computing
The categories of cloud are as follows:4.2 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
This is the most basic cloud-service model, which provides the user with virtual infrastructure, for examples servers and data storage space. Virtualization plays a major role in this model, by allowing IaaS-cloud providers to supply resources on-demand extracting them from their large pools installed in data centers.
4.3 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
In development environment services where the user can develop and run in-house built applications. The ser In this model, cloud providers deliver to the user vices might include an operating system, a programming language execution environment, databases and web servers.
4.4 Software as a Service (SaaS)
In this model, the cloud provides the user with access to already developer applications that are running in the cloud.
The access is achieved by cloud clients and the cloud users do not manage the infrastructure where the application resides, eliminating with this way need to install and run the application on the cloud user‟s own computers.
4.5 Network as a Service (Naas)
The least common model, where the user is provided with network connectivity services, such as VPN and bandwidth on demand.
4.6 Best Cloud Computing Services
Microsoft Cloud Services
IBM Cloud
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Citrix Cloud Platform
Joyent Cloud
BlueLock Cloud Services
Figure4: Cloud Services V. MICROSOFT CLOUD SERVICES
There are many services to the name Microsoft, including One Drive, office 365 and Azure.
One Drive and Office web apps are good. As storage and sync software, One Drive is among the most accepted cloud storage service. Azure is good, but people have their own preferences.
VI. IBM CLOUD
It also offers Platform as a service and calls it BPaaS (Business Platform as a Service). The company has been assisting people built their own private clouds as well as streamlining these private clouds with public clouds so as to create a hybrid cloud that organizations can use.
6.1 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
The Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.
It offers a platform for developers and students, a place to develop their apps. It also offers them facilities to test the program just like the VMware.
6.2 Citrix Cloud Platform
Citrix Cloud Platform, powered by Apache Cloud Stack, is the industry‟s only future-proofed, application- centric cloud solution proven to reliably and efficiently orchestrate both traditional enterprise and cloud-native application workloads within a single unified cloud management platform.
6.3 Joyent Cloud
Joyent cloud ware. If a network like “LinkedIn” chose Joyent for its operation, it can be sure that the cloud Joyent was chosen by Dell for supporting its own service provider is one of the best.
6.4 Blue Lock Cloud Services
The company projects itself as s data recovery service. It coined a new phrase that goes “Recovery as a Service”.
The company also offers IaaS. Businesses can use just the amount of infrastructure want and increase or reduce the items being used based upon the requirements.
6.5 Verizon Cloud
Verizon is basically a telecom company and offers on-demand videos etc. well, it acquired Terre mark and is all set to provide cloud services.
Verizon has been very popular while Terre mark has a good background of providing cloud services. With more than 50 datacenters across the planet, Verizon – Terre mark is going to be hit in the near future.
6.6 Sales Force Cloud- Ruby Platform as a Service
Sales Force is recently acquired Hereku, the company that offers an ever expanding Ruby Platform. Lower rates and greater flexibility make it appealing to business houses. This would be a hybrid cloud instead of people opting entirely for the Ruby – without on-premise cloud.
6.7 Rack Space Cloud
This is one of the most popular cloud service providers that run their offerings mainly on Open Space code. It is an open source code for developers interested in creating applications related to cloud. Racks Space offers all three services,
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
6.8 Google Cloud Platform
The main ones are Google App Engine and Google compute. There are several other Google cloud services too, such as Google Cloud print and Google Drive. Google Cloud Platform does deserve a mention when talking about top ten list of cloud service providers.
6.9 Cloud Computing Risks and Concerns
There are three risks and concern on cloud computing as follows,
6.10 Critical Business Data at Risk
Undoubtedly the chief concern firms have with the cloud is the overall security of their data. Putting information into services that are accessible over the public internet means that criminals have a potential gold mine of targets.
6.11 Lack of Internet Access Leaves Data out of Reach
Data connections and Wi-Fi services are usually fine, but the frustration of an unreliable network or an exorbitantly expensive hotel lobby connection fee, which could leave the cloud.
VII. AUTOMATIC UPDATES ENFORCE CHANGE
One of the benefits of the cloud according to its devotees is that it removes much of the hassle of managing systems.
For example, when a new update is available it happens seamlessly, manages by the vendor and rolled out to users in a quick.
VIII. CONCLUSION
Cloud computing is changing the way IT departments buy IT. Businesses have a range of paths to the cloud, including infrastructure, platforms and applications that are available from cloud providers as online services.
Many people may be confused by the range of offerings and the terminology used to describe them and will be unsure of the risk and benefits.
Cloud computing is a really cheap way for companies to have all the resources they need in once place.
It‟s a much better way to spread your resources, and it becomes easier to access things from longer distances.
In a cloud computing system, there's a significant workload shift. Local computers no longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications. The network of computers that make up the cloud handles them instead. Hardware and software demands on the user's side decrease. The only thing the user's computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing system's interface software, which can be as simple as a Web browser, and the cloud's network takes care of the rest.
Considering the recent advance and offerings in cloud computing it is clear that this technology is here to stay.
Currently all of big players in the IT industries such as Google ,Microsoft ,Amazon etc have a some sort of cloud computing offering and although there are not currently any standards for cloud computing IBM has started. The Open cloud Manifesto as a step towards standardizing cloud Services.
Gartner research has also indicated that cloud computing will be as influential as e-business and has continue to futures it in top strategic technologies.
“There is no single, magical cloud where all of an organization applications and data live in harmony”.
-Gaurav Dhillon Chairman & CEO, Snap Logic
REFERENCES
[1]. www.dell.com/Private-cloud computing.
[2]. www.salesforce.com/uk/socialsucess/cloud-computing.
[3]. mobiledevices.about.com › …cloud computing.
[4]. www.cloudways.com/blog/10-amazing-uses-of-cloud-computing.
BIBLIOGRAPHY NOTE
Mrs. S.Gowri - Received MS (IT)., M.Phil., Degree in Computer Science. She has 10 years of Teaching Experience. She had presented 5 papers in International Conference and also she presented 4 papers in National Conference. She also published one journal paper in IJSTM. She is currently working as Assistant Professor in Department of Computer Applications in Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for Women, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ms J.Preethi PG scholar, [Department of CA], Pursuing M.C.A Computer Applications in Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts & science for women, Perambalur-621212, TamilNadu, (India).
Ms N.Sangeetha PG scholar, [Department of CA], Pursuing M.C.A Computer Applications in Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts & science for women, Perambalur-621212, TamilNadu, (India).