28 Digital Logic Design Operations by One Microcontroller

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013)

34

28 Digital Logic Design Operations by One Microcontroller

Md. Khaled Hossain

1

, Md. Nasimuzzaman Chowdhury

2

1_{BSc.Eng, A.B.A Nir Nirzan, Plot#2515, Flat-G3, Ashkona, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh}

2_{BSc. Eng, 8/11 Sir Syed Road, Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh}

3

Third Author Affiliation & Address

Abstract— At present world there are lots of different types

of IC to perform digital design operations. For a large digital circuit it must be combination of lots of digital IC means lots of space, lots of power and money is required. To reduce this hazard one micro controller can be used to perform 28digital operations.

Keywords — Atmega16, Digital Logic Design, Universal Shift Register, Encoder, Decoder.

I. INTRODUCTION

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In this project we have implemented most of the digital logic operations by atmega16 micro controller. Using 32GPIO pins of atmega16 all the gate level operations and other digital logic operations can be executed. This atmega16 micro controller is preprogrammed and can perform AND, OR, NOR, NAND, XOR, XNOR, Universal Shift Register, Counter etc. operations. Most of the operations are 8bit but few operations are 16bit. Designer just needs to select the operation he wants to execute.

Figure 1:- Basic Project Outline

A. Project Outline

 A brief Introduction to internal architecture of microcontroller.

 An over view of programming of micro controller.

 An over view of Digital logic design gates and registers.

 An over view of interface of switches, LEDs.

B. Interfaces Used

 Micro controller interface.

 Toggle switches interface.

 LEDs interface.

C. Software Used

 Compiler-MikroC pro AVR version 5.

 Simulator- Proteous VSM version 7.8.

II. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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A. Main Technology Used

The main technology of this IC is programming. In different mode we have created different operations. For example if the mode is 00 selected means value from D0 to D4 all are 0. Here D0 is LSB and D4 is MSB bit. Adder operation gets selected. Now PORTC is the first input where C0 bit is LSB and C7 bit is MSB. PORTA is used as second input where A0 is LSB and A7 is MSB. For adder operation code is as following

If((PIND==0x00)||(PIND==0x80)) {ADD=PINC+PINA;

PORTB=ADD;

PORTD7_BIT=Hi(ADD); }

So, for any combination of input1 or input2 this IC will add them and show the output with carry bit. In these way 28 operations has been set. Some operations have sub operations also. Our 12th operation is Universal Shift Register. In order to use this IC we have to select 12th operation at first means D4=0, D3=1, D2=1 & D0=0. Under Universal shift register there are also 4 modes. They are Serial In Parallel Out (SIPO), Serial In Serial Out (SISO), Parallel In Serial Out (PISO) and Parallel In Parallel Out (PIPO). To select SIPO we have to select A6 & A7 bit as 0. Then we have to select which type of shifting we want. If we want to shift left then we have to select A0=0, A1=1, A2=1.

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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36 TABLE I MAIN OPERATION CHART

This Table shows the 28 operation can be done by this micro-controller only by selecting the modes. From this table we can see that Adder, Subtraction, Multiplier & Divider need 2 data inputs and 9bit output. But other operations like And, Or, Nand, Xor, Xnor need two data inputs and output is only 8bit. For 8 bit buffer whatever we give input in PORTC we get the same value in PORTB as output. In 16bit Ones counter mode this IC sum the number of 1 in input data and output the added number in binary format in PORTB. Binary Counter gives the output of 1,2,3,4... up to 2048 in binary format.

It increases it’s counting with each clock. Inverted counter means the 1’s will be 0 and 0’s will be 1 while counting operation is going on.

7 Segment Decoder takes input as binary value and gives output for common cathode without dot, common cathode with dot, common anode without dot and common anode with dot. For example if A0=1, A1=1, A2=0 then seven segment with show 3 as output.

The table below shows sub operations.

D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 INPUT 1 INPUT 2 OUTPUT OPERATION

00 0 0 0 0 0 PORTC PORTA PORTB & D7_BIT 8 bit Adder

01 0 0 0 0 1 PORTC PORTA PORTB & D7_BIT 8 bit Subtraction

02 0 0 0 1 0 PORTC PORTA PORTB & D7_BIT 8 bit Multiplier

03 0 0 0 1 1 PORTC PORTA PORTB & D7_BIT 8 bit Divider

04 0 0 1 0 0 PORTC PORTA PORTB 8 bit And

05 0 0 1 0 1 PORTC PORTA PORTB 8 bit Or

06 0 0 1 1 0 PORTC X PORTB 8 bit Not

07 0 0 1 1 1 PORTC PORTA PORTB 8 bit Nor

08 0 1 0 0 0 PORTC PORTA PORTB 8 bit Nand

09 0 1 0 0 1 PORTC PORTA PORTB 8 bit Xor

10 0 1 0 1 0 PORTC PORTA PORTB 8 bit Xnor

11 0 1 0 1 1 PORTC X PORTB 8 bit buffer

12 0 1 1 0 0 PORTC PORTA PORTB Universal Shift Register

13 0 1 1 0 1 PORTC PORTA PORTB 16 bit Ones Counter

14 0 1 1 1 0 X X PORTB Binary Counter

15 0 1 1 1 1 X X PORTB Inverted Counter

16 1 0 0 0 0 PORTC A0,A1,A2 PORTB0_BIT 1x8 Mux

17 1 0 0 0 1 PORTC0_BIT PORTA PORTB 8x1 Demux

18 1 0 0 1 0 X A0,A1,A2 PORTB 7 Segment Decoder CC

19 1 0 0 1 1 X A0,A1,A2 PORTB 7 Segment Decoder CC Dot

20 1 0 1 0 0 X A0,A1,A2 PORTB 7 Segment Decoder CA

21 1 0 1 0 1 X A0,A1,A2 PORTB 7 Segment Decoder CA Dot

22 1 0 1 1 0 PORTC X B0,B1,B2 Priority Encoder

23 1 0 1 1 1 C0,C1,C2 X PORTB Priority Decoder

24 1 1 0 0 0 PORTC PORTA PORTB0_BIT 16 bit Parity Checker

25 1 1 0 0 1 PORTC PORTA B0,B1,B2 Comparator

26 1 1 0 1 0 PORTC PORTA PORTB Barrel Shifter

27 1 1 0 1 1 X A0,A1 PORTB Ring Counter

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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37 TABLE II

SUB OPERATION CHART

TABLE III

COMMANDS OF SUB OPERATION CHART

B. Device Used

Brain of this project is Atmega16 micro-controller. It is a 8 bit Micro controller with RISC architecture. Its speed is up to 16MIPS throughput at 16MHz. It has 16K bytes of flash and 512bytes EEPROM. Operating voltage 2.7v -5.5v, in active mode it consumes only 1.1mA & in sleep mode it consumes less than 1uA current. It has 32GPIO, PWM, SPI, UART, I2C and other features which made it a perfect choice of designing a versatile digital design IC.

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Figure 3:- Atmega16 Microcontroller

Our program contains only 10k bytes of flash memory. Still 6k bytes of memory are free for developing other operations.

In our circuit we have used a switch and placed a reset circuit. So reset button can be used to reset the micro controller.

III. TEST RESULTS

We have performed all the 28 operations and output result was as expected. Bellow we have shown some of the outputs of different operations for different inputs.

Figure 4:- 8bit Adder operation

A7 A6 A5 SUB MAIN

OPERATION 12 0 0 X Serial In Parallel Out Universal Shift

Register 0 1 X Serial In Serial Out

1 0 X Parallel In Serial Out 1 1 X Parallel In Parallel Out

26 0 0 0 Shift Right Logic Barrel Shifter 0 0 1 Shift Right Arithmetic

0 1 X Rotate Right 1 0 0 Shift Left Logic 1 0 1 Shift Left Arithmetic 1 1 X Rotate Left

A0 A1 A2 OPERATIONS SUB

OPERATION

12 0 0 0 Hold SIPO / SISO /

PISO / PIPO

0 0 1 Load

0 1 0 Load & Shift Right 0 1 1 Load & Shift Left 1 0 0 Shift Circular Right 1 0 1 Shift Circular Left 1 1 0 Shift Arithmetic Right 1 1 1 Shift Arithmetic Left

26 0 0 0 Shift 0 Barrel Shifter

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

[image:5.612.60.565.110.654.2]

38 Figure 5:- Output of 8bit Subtraction

Figure 6:- 8 bit Multiplication output

Figure 7:- output of 8 bit division

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Figure 8:- 8 bit And Operation

Figure 9:- 8 bit OR operation output

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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39 Figure 11:- Output of NOT operation

Figure 12:- Operation output of NAND operation

Figure 13:- Output of XOR operation

Figure 14:- Output of Priority Encoder

Figure 15:- Output of XNOR operation

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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40 Figure 17:- 1x8 MUX operation

Figure 18:- 8x1 DEMUX operation

Figure 19:- 7 Segment Decoder Common Cathode

Figure 20:- 16 bit Parity Checker

Figure 21:- 8 bit Comparator

Figure 22:- 8 bit Priority Decoder

IV. FURTHER APPLICATIONS



This IC can be used in many complex Digital design systems.

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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

This IC can be used where costly digital logic design

lab can’t be set up for education purpose.



Rapid prototype for teaching Digital Logic Design.

REFERENCES

[1] Stanisavljevic, Z.; Pavlovic, V. ; Nikolic, B. ; Djordjevic, J.,” SDLDS- System for Digital Logic Design & Simulation”, Education, IEEE Transactions on (Volume:56 , Issue: 2 ), May 2013.

[2] Zemva, A. ; Trost, A. ; Zajc, B.”A Rapid Prototyping Environment for teaching Digital Logic Design”, Education, IEEE Transactions on (Volume:41 , Issue: 4 ), Nov 1998.

[3] Digital design principles and practices by John F. Wakerly.

[4] http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/sequential/seq_5.html for details

operation of Shift Register.

[5]

http://tams-www.informatik.uni-

hamburg.de/applets/hades/webdemos/20-arithmetic/10-adders/halfadd-fulladd.html for lots of digital design simulation verification.

[6] Guillermo A. Vera, Jorge Parra, Craig Kief, Marios Pattichis and Ho

ward Pollard,” Integrating Reconfigurable Logic in the First Digital

Logic Course”,9th _{International} _Conference _on _Engineering

Education,july 23-28 2006.

[7] Poulastya Mukherjee. Remote Control of Industrial Machines Using

Mobile Phone. IJETAE, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013 for project outline diagram.

[8] Atmega16 datasheet by Atmel.

[9] www.mikroe.com for free demo compiler and help of compiler

software.

[10] http://www.labcenter.com/products/vsm/vsm_overview.cfm for

simulator and demo videos of simulation.

AUTHORS PROFILE

Md. Khaled Hossain, is a Lecturer in U-ingenieria on Micro-controller & Embedded System Design. He has Completed BSc. in Electrical & Electronic Engineering from American International University- Bangladesh. His research interests are robotics, automation, control system and embedded system designing. Email: - [email protected].

Md. Nasimuzzaman Chowdhury is doing MSc. in Electrical & Electronic Engineering at American International University-Bangladesh. He has Completed BSc. in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from American International University-Bangladesh. His research interests are- Laser, Wireless Systems, Microwave propagation, Antenna and automation. E-mail:- [email protected]