Round Table 2: Solar Energy - Potentials on Industrial

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GLOBAL RENEWBLE ENERGY FORUM Round Table 2:

Solar Energy - Potentials on Industrial Applications and Productive Uses

(A small size application approach)

Foz do Iguaçu May 2008

www.cresesb.cepel.br www.cepel.br/cresesb

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Global Renewable Forum

The General objective of the Global Forum of Renewable Energies is to create an environment suitable for promoting a dynamic

dialogue able to strength inter-regional connections

and establish joint actions between countries and regions, driven in the direction of reduce poverty and increase the use of

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I – Introduction

• RE in the framework of the Brazilian Energy Mix and concern with the global heating

II – Solar Energy: Characteristics and possible applications

• Solar Thermal (Low Temp. – Solar Heating and High Temp. - CSP)

• Solar Photovoltaic (PV) III – Conclusions

• From Brasil and South America to the World • From the World to Brasil and South America

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Brasil

RENEWABLE NOT RENEWABLE 0 20 40 60 80 100 World 14 86 45 55 % Minist MinistMinist Minist Minist MinistMinist

Ministéééééééério de Minas e Energiario de Minas e Energiario de Minas e Energiario de Minas e Energiario de Minas e Energiario de Minas e Energiario de Minas e Energiario de Minas e Energia

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84% 2% 10% 0% 2% 2% 0% Hydro Termo (Coal)

Termo (Natural Gas) Termo (Nuclear)

Biomass Termo (Oil)

Wind and Others

2005 (Renewables: 84 %) 2030 (B1 Cenarium) (Renewables: 83,1%) 76% 3% 9% 3% 2% 3% 4% 2015 (Renewables: : 83,7%) 80% 2% 10% 2% 2% 1% 3%

Electrical Mix

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0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Cenário A Cenário B1 Cenário B2 _847,0 941,2 1.045,6 1.243,8 37,2 TWh 1970 2005 6,7% per year 1980 2005 4,5% per year (2005-2030) A B1 B2 C 5,1%% 4,3% 3,9% 3,4% 361,3 (2005) Cenário C Eletricity:

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Global Heating

Source

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CO2 Emission of

Diverse Technologies (ton/GWh)

Coal (conventional plant) 1000

Gas 500 Wind 7 PV (Photovoltaic) 5 Large Hydro 4 Solar Thermal 3 Biomass -160

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The

energy

that

the

Sun

sends

to

earth

is

around

10,000 times

all

the

world

energy

consumption

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Fonte: Wikipedia

Global Solar Radiation

40 N 40 N

35 S

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Average Annual Solar Radiation

(UFPE – CEPEL)

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Newest Atlas: The Swera Project

SWERA:

Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment

A project sponsored by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and

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Renewable WEB GIS

www.cresesb.cepel.br/webgis www.cepel.br/cresesb/webgis

A new tool for Web resource assessment

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Solar Thermal (Low Temperature)

Solar Thermal (High Temperature)

Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Main Solar Applications

(Active Solar)

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Solar Thermal (Low Temperature)

Solar Thermal (High Temperature)

Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Main Solar Applications

(Active Solar)

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3.1 x 106 _{m² is the area of solar heating collectors installed}

In Brasil (84% in the residencial sector; 15% in hotels and

services; 1% in industrial sector)

But this represents only 1.72 m² for 100 thousond inhabitants,

far behind Cyprus (84.4), Barbados (26.9) e Turkey (13.5)

The average increasing rate of installed area in Brasil is 14%,

while in Canadá is 50%, in Germany 39%, France and Grece around 34%.

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Solar Heating

Great opportunities to increase the use, both in residential and business applications. We need incentive legislation and credit to drive in this direction.

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Solar Thermal (Low Temperature)

Solar Thermal (High Temperature)

Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Main Solar Applications

(Active Solar)

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Direct Conversion of Solar

Radiation – CSP Systems

Dishes Dishes Cilinders Cilinders

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A 10 kW System by CEMIG

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Central

Central TowerTower

Direct Conversion of Solar

Radiation

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Ref: Caracterização de Sítios Potenciais na Região do Semi-árido Brasileiro para Implantação de Sistema Piloto

Heliotérmico de Geração Elétrica, RT CEPEL DG 1105/2002.

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CSP Systems

With lower costs, CSP can be an important source of energy in Brasil, specially in the Northeast Region.

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PV Neurather See (Alemanha) 360kWp

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Evaluation of grid connected systems

PV Systems, 16 kWp, operating since 2002

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Universalization: chalenges

Evolution of the residential eletrification rate (1970 a 2000)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 0

Urban Rural Total

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LPT 05.09.07 6.358.420 468.945 553.700 1.461.140 3.074.595 917.480 Number of People 1.291.172 93.789 106.740 292.228 614.919 183.496 Acummulated Connections TOTAL Centro-Oeste Sul Sudeste Nordeste Norte Region 3.972.836.301,10 387.784.257,47 203.594.187,27 643.597.231,31 2.019.508.013,03 718.352.612,02 Resources (R$)

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Community pumping system

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Community TV set

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Transporte dos equipamentos fotovoltaicos

Sistema solar fotovoltaico instalado em N.S.P. Socorro –

Manacapurú

Instalações Fotovoltaicas

Projeto Ribeirinhas – Amazonas (Parceria Eletrobrás)

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Cepel – Eletrobrás rural

electrification assessement

Almost 9000 rural properties analised after

electrification

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- Drop of the emission in the majority of states

- PARAÍBA: 2% , PARÁ: 17% e MINAS GERAIS: 43% de indigentes

Em issão de CO2 (ano) por propriedade

- 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 PARAÍ BA PARÁ MINAS GERAIS ex-ante ex-post

Rural Eletrification and CO2

Emission

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Consumo kWh/mês 3 6 0 3 8 0 3 4 0 3 6 0 3 2 0 3 4 0 3 0 0 3 2 0 2 8 0 3 0 0 2 6 0 2 8 0 2 4 0 2 6 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 8 0 1 0 0 6 0 8 0 4 0 6 0 2 0 4 0 0 2 0

Consumo de Energia Elétrica

Brasil Rural - Fase ex-post

Q td . d e P ro p ri e d a d e s 1800 1500 1200 900 600 300 0 Std. Dev = 147,63 Mean = 97 N = 8214,00 Perfil residencial Perfil produtivo Rural Areas – Eletricity Consumption

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• PV seems to be the natural solution for small communities electrification far from the grid. But PV solutions has to come together with programs of improving the production

capabilities of the community. If not, there is a risk to have just a waste of resources.

• We do not produce PV modules in industrial scale anymore but producing equipment in

Brasil generates much less CO2 emissions (clean electricity mix)

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•With lower prices of equipment, due to technical

improvements and production scale, higher prices of conventional sources and the increasing concern with environmental impacts, the penetration of renewable energies can be higher than conservative nowadays forecast.

• Intermediate and small systems can be economically

feasible in specific applications even with the present price conditions.

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• Brasil is already a renewable energy country (hydro and biomass). This can be a barrier to the introduction of other renewable sources if their costs are significantly higher than other alternatives.

• Joint programs between countries and regions, changing technology and

experiences, exploring synergies and

improving production scale, seems to be a way to lower costs and strength the role of renewable energies in the near future.

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Population Growth

FONTE: Informativo da

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Centro de Referência para Energia

Solar e Eólica Sérgio Brito – CRESESB www.cresesb.cepel.br

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OBRIGADO PELA ATEN

OBRIGADO PELA ATENÇÇÃO!ÃO!

Contact: Hamilton Moss de Souza