Structure 2
1. The greater the population there is in a locality,__________for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
(A) the greater the need there is (B) greater need
(C) is there great need (D) the great need Penjelasan: Answer : A
Test points : parallel comparative sentences.
Analysis : (the + comparative ... the + comparative) Lihat klausa "The greater", Kita harus mengecek klausa komperartif yang sama pada pilihan jawaban. (A) Diawali dengan -the greater- Sehingga memiliki struktur yang sama, Jadi yang benar adalah pilihan (A). (B) Kekurangan kata -the -; (C) and (D) bukan komperatif. Problem-solving elements: struktur "- the + comparative ... the + comparative" sering muncul di soal-soal TOEFL.
2. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; __________future events. (A) even influencing
(B) it may even influence (C) may even influence (D) that it may even influence Penjelasan:
Answer : B
Test points : semicolon structure.
Analysis : Fungsi titik koma. Sebelum dan sesudah titik koma harus kalimat lengkap, sehingga pilihan yang benar adalah B.
(A) bukan sebuah kalimat; (C) tanpa subjek;
(D) merupakan ketentuan.
3. __________a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.
(A) Has been (B) It was while (C) She was (D) As Penjelasan: Answer : D
Test points : preposition.
Analysis : As a child adalah frase preposisional, adverbial, diikuti dengan kalimat lengkap. 4. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes__________round shape into a teardrop shape.
(A) of the drop (B) the drop’s
(C) drop of (D) drops their Penjelasan: Answer : B
Test points : attributive (Possessive Pronoun).
5.__________modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
(A) If (B) But (C) With (D) Once Penjelasan: Answer : C
Test points : preposition.
Analysis : "modern offices becoming more mechanized" adalah gerund, berikan
preposition. (A)dengan objek, (B) sebagai conjunctions, disertai dengan klausa; (D) once bisa berarti conjunction dan adverb.
6. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became secretary of labor.
(A) Not (B) position (C) until (D) became Penjelasan: Answer : A
Test Point : Negative word.
Analysis : no, not dan none penggunaan tiga kata negatif tersebut, sering dalam pertanyaan sengaja membingungkan. Keterangan not tidak dapat memodifikasi kata benda woman, juga berlaku kata sifat no.
7. The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. (A) body (B) relies (C) certainty (D) survival Penjelasan: Answer : C Test points : speech.
Analysis : Berikut memodifikasi kata benda nutrients menggunakan kata sifat certain, bukan kata benda certainty.
8. Too much electric current may flow into a circuit as a result either of a fault in the circuit and of an outside event such as lightning.
(A) too much (B) may flow (C) fault (D) and Penjelasan: Answer : D
Test points : conjunctions phrase Analysis : penggunaan
either ... or ... . neither ... nor, both ... and.
9. The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from Maine to Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.
(A) extending (B) miles (C) longer (D) continous Penjelasan: Answer : C Test points : the most
Analysis : longer harus menjadi longest.
10. For years, elephants were hunted for food and ivory, and as a result theirs numbers have been greatly reduced.
(A) hunted (B) theirs (C) numbers (D) greatly Penjelasan: Answer : B Test points : speech.
Structure 1
1.The flexibility of film allows the artist __________ unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters. (A) to bring (B) bringing (C) is brought (D) brings Penjelasan : Jawaban : A
Test point: Infinitive
Analisis : (allow + to infinitive) dan dari keempat pilihan hanya pilihan A yang merupakan infinitive. 2. Traditionally, __________in New England on Thanksgiving Day.
(A) when served is sweet cider (B) when sweet cider is served (C) is served sweet cider (D) sweet cider is served Penjelasan :
Jawaban : D
Test Point : Structure of main predicate
Analisis : Kalimat tersebut hanya terdiri 1 (satu) klausa sehingga tidak membutuhkan konektor “when” tetapi hanya membutuhkan sebuah subjek dan predikat.
3. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent __________, or pronghorn. (A) it is the American antelope
(B) the American antelope is (C) is the American antelope (D) the American antelope Penjelasan :
Jawaban : C
Test Point : Inversion.
Analisis : Kalimat tersebut hanya terdiri 1 Typical of the sentence on the sentence, use inverted sentences. Typical of ... predicative phrase should answer, select "verb + subject" structure, that is (C).
4. Lillian D. Wald, public health nurse and __________, was born in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867.
(A) reforming society (B) social reformer (C) who reformed society (D) her social reform Penjelasan :
Jawaban : B
Test Point : parallel structure.
Analisis : Kalimat di atas harus dijelaskan sebelum identitas kelahirannya, dan karena terdapat kata and maka harus parallel dengan “public health nurse”. Pilihan B merupakan pilihan terbaik karena terlihat dengan “nurse”. Pilihan A merupakan frase sub- verb. 5. Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae __________ harming fish or aquatic invertebrates.
(A) does not (B) but does no (C) except (D) without Penjelasan : Jawaban : D
Test Point : preposition
Analisis : Kata gerund “harming” harus ditambahkan di depan sebuah preposisi, dari pilihan di atas without yang merupakan preposition. Pilihan A adalah tanda negative pada kata kerja (verb). Pilihan B bisa saja dipilih jika setelahnya hanya kata harm (to) does no harm, tetapi Anda tidak boleh berkata does no harming; meskipun pilihan C adalah
preposition tetapi arti keseluruhannya dalam kalimat tersebut salah.
6. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people __________long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
(A) will they live (B) they will be living (C) will live
(D) living Penjelasan : Jawaban : C
Test Point : Predicate.
Analisis : Kalimat ini memiliki subject tetapi kehilangan verb (kata kerja), sehingga pilihannya adalah C. pilihan A dan B memiliki struktur yang salah, dan sudah mengulangi subjek they, pilihan D berntuk kata kerja (verb).
7. __________that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
(A) Anthropologists have discovered (B) Anthropologists discovering (C) The discovery by anthropologists (D) Discovered by anthropologists Penjelasan :
Jawaban : A
Test Point : complex sentences
Analisis : Sebelum kata that haruslah kalimat kalimat utama. Sehingga pilihan yang harus dipilih adalah A. pilihan B, C, dan D tidak memiliki verb untuk bisa dikatan sebuah kalimat.
Solving point : Conjunction merupakan structural problem pada tes Toefl. Kalimat di atas merupakan sebuah compound sentence, dimana harus terdapat Main Clause + Subordinate. 8. In 1964__________of Henry Ossawa Tanner’s paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
(A) was a major collection (B) that a major collection (C) a collection was major (D) a major collection Penjelasan :
Jawaban : D
Test Point : the subject.
Analisis : Kalimat di atas kehilangan sebuah subject. Hanya pilihan D yang merupakan struktur noun yang bisa berfungsi sebagai sebuah subject.
9. __________irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. (A) Its (B) Where its (C) Since its (D) Because of its Penjelasan : Jawaban : D
Test Point : prepositional phrases.
Analisis :Tanda koma setelah kalimat yang lengkap, tanda koma hanya bisa dua kemungkinan yaitu phrase (frase) dan clause (klausa). Empat pilihan di atas tidak satupun memiliki kata kerja (verb), sehingga jawaban yang tepat kemungkinan adalah sebuah phrase. Sehingga pilihan D yang benar, karena because of adalah frase preposisi. Pilihan C sebagai preposition sama jenisnya dengan because yaitu hanya sebuah conjunction.
10. In order to remain in existence,__________must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
(A) a profit-making organization (B) a profit-making organization which (C) therefore a profit-making organization (D) whichever a profit-making organization Penjelasan :
Jawaban : A
Test Point : the subject.
Structure 3
1. Barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing. (A) carrier (B) heavy (C) on (D) towing Penjelasan: Answer : A Test points : speech.
Analysis : Carrier adalah kata benda (noun), sementara yang dibutuhkan pada kalimat di atas adalah kata kerja (verb). Carrier harus menjadi carries (carry + es).
2. Although afflicted by serious eyesight problems, Alicia Alonso was one the principal stars of the American Ballet Theater and later formed her own dance company.
(A) although
(B) eyesight problems (C) one the principal (D) her own
Penjelasan: Answer : C Test points : idiom.
Analysis : One of the + Plural Noun. Dalam kasus ini hanya kurang kata OF sebab one of adalah idiom yang melekat pada kata benda jamak (plural noun).
3. The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals. (A) ritual (B) are (C) by (D) signals Penjelasan: Answer : B
Test points : Consistent predicate numbers.
Analysis : Subjeknya adalah singular (combat), sementara of animals hanyalah noun attribute dari combat. Sehingga yang benar adalah menggunakan kata kerja is (bukan are) 4. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
(A) more difficult (B) effective (C) to employ (D) vague Penjelasan:
Answer : B
Test points : parallel structure / POS.
Analysis : Kata and adalah penanda bahwa kata sebelum dan sesudahnya haruslah sama derajat katanya (part of speech). Karena sebelum and terdapat kata simply (adverb) dan directly (adverb), maka effective yang bukan merupakan adverb menjadi salah. Yang betul adalah effectively (adverb).
5. Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long. (A) species (B) anywhere (C) to over (D) in long Penjelasan: Answer : D Test points : speech
Analysis : Yang betul adalah in length, bukan in long. Ini karena preposisi in pasti membutuhkan kata benda (noun) bukan kata sifat (adjective) seperti long. Length adalah noun dan long adalah adjective.
6. According to some theories derived from psychoanalysis, life is supposedly easier and mo re pleasant when inhibitions overcoming.
(A) according (B) derived (C) easier (D) overcoming Penjelasan: Answer : D
Test points : word form.
Analysis : Inhibitions muncul setelah conjunction “when”, sehingga untuk melengkapi klausa tersebut membutuhkan bentuk kata kerja yang sesuai konteks klausanya. Maka yang benar adalah are overcome (bukan overcoming).
7. When rainbows appear, they are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the Sun. (A) appear (B) part (C) the sky (D) opposite directly Penjelasan: Answer : D
Test points : word order.
Analysis : Jangan meletakkan adverb diantara preposition dan object-nya. Di sini adverb “directly” harus berada sebelum preposition “opposite”, jadi yang benar adalah directly opposite the Sun.
8. Benjamin Franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited raising 10,000 volunteers for the American Revolutionary War.
(A) drew (B) political (C) credited raising (D) for Penjelasan: Answer : C Test points : idiom.
Analysis : Be credited with adalah bentuk yang lebih tepat, yang maknanya “to be
considered to achieve some kind of achievement.”
9. The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval lchemists. (A) begings (B) chemistry (C) go back (D) workrooms Penjelasan: Answer : A Test points : speech.
Analysis : Yang dibutuhkan di sini adalah kata benda (noun) sebagai subjek, dan begins adalah bentuk kata kerja (verb). Sehingga yang betul adalah beginnings.
10. In many pieces of music there is a dominant theme on which the restful of the composition is centered. (A) there (B) dominant (C) restful (D) centered Penjelasan: Answer : C
Test points : Idioms / speech.
Analysis : The rest of adalah frase yang tepat, dengan melihat sebelum kata tersebut ada kata the yang harus bergandengan dengan kata benda (noun), sementara restful adalah kata sifat adjective.
