EMTP RV

An introduction to EMTP-RV

The simulation of

power systems has

never been so easy!

Power system simulation tools

50/60 Hz

DC

kHz, MHz

Transient Stability programs : Eurostag, PSS/E, DigSilent

Suitable for high scale networks Frequency range : 0.1Hz – 1kHz Simplified modeling of HVDC and FACTS components

Short circuit calculation : CYME 5.0 (CYMFAULT), ETAP

Calculations based on sequence data Suitable for high scale networks Frequency range : 50/60 Hz

Load-flow calculation :

CYME 5.0 (CYMFLOW), ETAP, PSLF, …

Calculation on 3-phase networks Mainly on balanced networks Frequency range : 50/60 Hz

EMTP type programs :

EMTP-RV, ATP, PSCAD, SimPowerSystems

Not suitable for high scale networks Detailed modeling of equipments Frequency range : 0.1 Hz – MHz

All software can handle transient study related to

electromechanical time constants but EMTP-RV can

handle electromagnetics time constant which are significantly smaller (faster transients).

EMTP-RV, the Restructured Version

• Written from scratch using mostly Fortran-95 in Microsoft Visual Studio environment.

• Include all the EMTP96 functionalities and much more: – 3-phase unbalanced load-flow

– Scriptable user interface

– New models : machines, nonlinear elements… – No topological restrictions

• New numerical analysis methods :

– Newton-raphson solution method for nonlinear models – New three-phase load-flow

– Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications

– Open architecture coding that allows users customization (ex : connection with user defined DLL)

EMTP-RV benefits:

•

Robust simulation engine

•

Easy-to-use, drag and drop

interface

•

Unmatched ease of use

•

Superior modeling flexibility

•

Customizable to your needs

• Superior modeling flexibility

– Can’t find exactly what you’re looking for in the device library? Simply add your own user-defined device.

– Scripting techniques provide the ability to externally program device data forms and generate the required Netlists. A symbol editor is used to modify and customize device drawings. Scripting techniques are also used for parametric studies.

– EMTPWorks also lets the user define any number of subcircuits to create hierarchical designs.a

EMTP-RV Package includes:

• EMTP-RV : computational engine

• With EMTP-RV, complex problems become simple to work out.

A powerful and super-fast computational engine that provides significantly improved solution methods for nonlinear models, control systems, and user-defined models. The engine features a plug-in model interface, allowing users to add their own models.

• EMTPWorks : Graphical User Interface

EMTPWorks, the user-friendly and intuitive Graphical User Interface, provides top-level access to EMTP-RV simulation methods and models.

EMTPWorks sends design data into EMTP-RV, starts EMTP-RV and retrieves simulation results.

An advanced, yet easy-to-use graphical user interface that maximizes the capabilities of the underlying EMTP-RV engine. EMTPWorks offers drag-and-drop convenience that lets users quickly design, modify and simulate electric power systems. A drawing canvas and the ability to externally program device data allows users to fully customize simulations to their needs. EMTPWorks can be used for small systems or very large-scale systems.

• ScopeView: the Output Processor for Data display and analysis

ScopeView displays simulation waveforms in a variety of formats.

With EMTPWorks, users can dramatically reduce the time required to setup a study in EMTP-RV.

Key features

• EMTP-RV Key features

- The reference in transients simulation

- Solution for large networks

- Provide detailed modeling of the network component including control, linear and non-linear

elements

- Open architecture coding that allows users customization and implementation of sophisticated model - New steady-state solution with harmonics

- New three-phase load-flow

- Automatic initialization from steady-state solution

- New capability for solving detailed semiconductor models - Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications

EMTPWorks Key features

• Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft Windows

• Powerful and intuitive interface for creating sophisticated Electrical networks

• Drag and drop device selection approach with simple connectivity methods

• Both devices and signals are objects with attributes. A drawing canvas is given the ability to create objects and customized attributes

• Single-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supported

• Advanced features for creating and maintaining very large to extremely large networks

• Large number of subnetwork creation options including automatic subnetwork creation and pin positioning. Unlimited subnetwork nesting level

• Options for creating advanced subnetwork masks

• Multipage design methods

• Library maintenance and device updating methods

EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface

Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft Windows Single-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supported

Large collection of scripts for modifying and/or updating almost anything appearing on the GUI

6 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.1 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x 105 time (s) y PLOT Substation_A/m1a@vn@1 Substation_A/m1b@vn@1 Substation_A/m1c@vn@1

Multi-source data importation Cursor region information

ScopeView

ScopeView is a data acquisition and signal processing software adapted very well for visualisation and analysis of EMTP-RV results.

It may be used to simultaneously load, view and process data from applications such

Function editor of ScopeView Typical mathematical post-processing

A versatile program

EMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety

of power system studies, whether

they relate to project design and

engineering, or to solving problems

and unexplained failures.

EMTP-RV offers a wide variety of

modeling capabilities encompassing

electromagnetic and

electromechanical oscillations

ranging in duration from

EMTP-RV’s benefits are:

Unmatched ease of use

Superior modeling flexibility

Customizable to your needs

Dynamic development road-map

Prompt and effective technical support

Reactive sales teams

EMTP-RV’s strengths:

•

New and advanced HVDC models, including MMC-HVDC

•

New wind generator models, including average-value model

•

New control system diagram DLL capability

•

New Simulink/Real-time Workshop interface DLL

EMTP-RV version 2.4 new features:

Workshop interface DLL

Improvements in synchronous machine model including a new black start option Improvements in the asynchronous machine model

Capability to solve multiple frequency load-flow

Improved documentation and various other improvements

New application examples

EMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety of power system

studies including and not limited to:

• Power system design

• Power system stability & load modeling

• Control system design

• Motor starting

• Power electronics and FACTS

• HVDC networks

• Lighting surges

• Switching surges

• Temporary overvoltages

• Insulation coordination

• Complete network analysis

• Ferroresonance

• Steady-sate analysis of unbalanced system

• Distribution networks and distributed generation

• Power system dynamic and load modeling

• Subsynchronous resonance and shaft stresses

• Power system protection issues

• General control system design

• Power quality issues

• Capacitor bank switching

• And much more!

Complete system studies:

•

Load-flow solution and initialization of synchronous machines

•

Temporary overvoltages to network islanding

•

Ferroresonance and harmonic resonance

•

Selection and usage of arresters

•

Fault transients

•

Statistical analysis of overvoltages

•

Electromechanical transients

• Power system design

• Power systems protection issues

• Network analysis: network separation, power quality, geomagnetic

storms, interaction between compensation and control components, wind generation

• Detailed simulation and analysis of large scale (unlimited size)

electrical systems

• Simulation and analysis of power system transients: lightning, switching, temporary conditions

• General purpose circuit analysis: wideband, from load-flow to steady-state to time-domain (Steady-steady-state analysis of unbalanced systems)

• Synchronous machines: SSR, auto-excitation, control

• Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching, design,

wideband line and cable models

• Power Electronics and FACTS (HVDC, SVC, VSC, TCSC, etc.) • Multiterminal HVDC systems

• Series compensation: MOV energy absorption, short-circuit conditions,

network interaction

• Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching,

design, wideband line and cable models

• Switchgear: TRV, shunt compensation, current chopping,

delayed-current zero conditions, arc interaction

• Protection: power oscillations, saturation problems, surge arrester

influences

• Temporary overvoltages

• Capacitor bank switching

• Series and shunt resonances

• Detailed transient stability analysis

• Unbalanced distribution networks

Load-flow

Steady-state

Time-domain

Frequency scan

Simulation options

• Load-Flow solution

– The electrical network equations are solved using complex phasors.

– The active (source) devices are only the Load-Flow devices (LF-devices). A load device is used to enter PQ load constraint equations.

– Only single (fundamental) frequency solutions are achievable in this

version. The solution frequency is specified by ‘Default Power Frequency’ and used in passive network lumped model calculations.

– The same network used for transient simulations can be used in load-flow analysis. The EMTP Load-Flow solution can work with multiphase and unbalanced networks.

– The control system devices are disconnected and not solved.

– This simulation option stops and creates a solution file (Load-Flow solution data file). The solution file can be loaded for automatically initializing anyone of the following solution methods.

• Steady-state solution

– The electrical network equations are solved using complex numbers. This option can be used in the stand-alone mode or for initializing the time-domain solution.

– A harmonic steady-state solution can be achieved.

– The control system devices are disconnected and not solved.

– Some nonlinear devices are linearized or disconnected. All devices have a specific steady-state model.

– The steady-state solution is performed if at least one power source device has a start time (activation time) lower than 0.

• Time-domain solution

– The electrical network and control system equations are solved using a numerical integration technique.

– All nonlinear devices are solved simultaneously with network equations. A Newton method is used when nonlinear devices exist.

– The solution can optionally start from the steady-state solution for initializing the network variables and achieving quick steady-state conditions in time-domain waveforms.

– The steady-state conditions provide the solution for the time-point t=0. The user can also optionally manually initialize state-variables.

• Frequency scan solution

– This option is separate from the two previous options. All source

frequencies are varied using the given frequency range and the

network steady-state solution is found at each frequency.

Build-in libraries and

Standard models

EQUIPMENT FEATURES

advanced.clf Provides a set of advanced power electronic devices

Pseudo Devices.clf

Provides special devices, such as page connectors. The port devices are normally created using the menu “Option>Subcircuit>New Port Connector”, they are available in this library for advanced users.

RLC branches.clf Provides a set of RLC type power devices. .

Work.clf This is an empty library accessible to users

control.clf The list of primitive control devices.

control devices of

TACS.clf This control library is provided for transition from EMTP-V3. It imitates EMTP-V3 TACS functions.

control functions.clf Various control system functions.

control of machies.clf Exciter devices for power system machines.

flip flops.clf A set of flip-flop functions for control systems.

hvdc.clf Collection of dc bridge control functions. Documentation is available in the subcircuit.

lines.clf Transmission lines and cables.

machines.clf Rotating machines.

meters.clf

Various measurement functions, including sensors for interfacing control device signals with power device signals.

meters periodic.clf Meters for periodic functions.

nonlinear.clf Various nonlinear electrical devices.

options.clf EMTP Simulation options, plot functions and other data management functions.

phasors.clf Control functions for manipulating phasors.

sources.clf Power sources.

switches.clf Switching devices.

symbols.clf These are only useful drawing symbols, no pins.

transformations.clf Mathematical transformations used in control systems.

transformers.clf Power system transformers.

Library Models

RLC branches

R, L, C branches PI circuits

Loads

State space block

Control Gain, constant Integral, derivative Limiter, Sum Selector Delay State-space block PLL…

Control of Machines IEEE excitation systems_{Governor / turbine}

Flip flops Flip-flop D, J-K, S-R,T

Lines CP (distributed parameters) FD (=CP + frequency dependence) FDQ (=FD for cables) WB (phase domain) Corona

Standard models

Library Models

Machines

Induction Machine (single cage, double cage, wound rotor) Synchronous Machine

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine DC machine

2-phase machine

Meters Current, voltage, power meters

Meters periodic RMS meters and sequence meters

Nonlinear

Non linear resistance Non linear inductance Hysteresis reactor ZnO arrester SiC arrester

Sources

AC, DC voltage sources AC, DC current sources

Lightning inpulse current source

Current and voltage controlled sources Load-flow bus

08/06/2014 3

1

Library Models Switches Ideal switch Diode Thyristor Air gap

Transformations 3-phase <-> sequence

3-phase <-> dq0

Transformateurs

Based on single phase units : DD, YY, DY, YD, YYD… Topological models : TOPMAG

Impedance based : BCTRAN, TRELEG

Frequency dependent admittance matrix : FDBFIT

Advanced

Variable load SVC

STATCOM

Easily find what you’re looking for by browsing or using a simple index.

Typical designs

Modeling Electrical

Systems with EMTP-RV

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 CVT 48 m 52 m 25 m 30 km 300 m 300 m

Insulation Coordination of a 765 kV GIS

Network 765 kV Line Power Transformer 588 kV Zno To eliminate undesirable reflexions Gas-Insulated Substation Air-Insulated Substation Gas-filled Bushing Open Circuit-Breaker Gas-filled Bushing Inductive VT 588 kV Zno Air-Insulated Substation 200 kA 3/100 us Lightning Stroke - Backflashover Case

- Impulse Footing Resistance of the stricken Tower may be represented by Ri = f(I) - Usage of ZnO model based on IEEE SPD WG - Frequency-Dependant Line modeling

+C1 +C2 +C3 + ?i L1 + ?i L2 + ?i L3 + + 48 + + + + + + + 52 + 4nF +4nF + 4nF + + + VM + bushing ?v/?v/?v VMCB_a+ ?v VMCB_b+ ?v VMCB_c+ ?v VM + ?v Tower_top LINE DATA

model in: foudre_300m_ex1_rv.pun

foudre_300m_ex1.lin + 1M + 1M + 1M Simulation options I/O FILES + + + TOWER1 Part=TOWER_model15_1 + + + TOWER2 Part=TOWER_model15_f LIGHTNING_STROKE TOWER3 Part=TOWER_model1ohm LINE DATA

model in: foudre_30km_ex2_rv.pun

foudre_30km_ex2.lin VM+ cond_c ?v VM + Trans_c ?v VM + Trans_b ?v VM + Trans_a ?v + + + + 0.1nF + 0.1nF + 0.1nF + ?i L1 0 + ?i L11 + ?i L12 + 735kV /_0 SOURCE_NETWORK MPLOT a b c BUS_NET c b a c b a

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

Primary Arc: 5 kA eff Secondary Arc: 40 A Wind Speed: 9.7 km/h

Secondary Arc Duration: 1.04 sec. 315 kV insulator string, l=2.3 m

Validation of the Secondary Arc M odel with IREQ Laboratory Tests Field Recording (10-08-1986) EMTP-RV Simulation (05-22-2005) + 100ms /200ms/0 SW1 +C2 1.60uF + RL1 ?i 0.7,13Ohm + 0.2 R1 S e c o n d ar y ar c + -Sec_ARC_a DEV1 + AC1 66.4kVRMS /_0 + 300 R2 + 1.05uF C3 + 0.2 R3 I/O FILES

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 1 1 0 0 2900 mm 2x x g = 12 mm x= 710 mm

Three-Phase 420 kV 100 MVARS Shunt Reactor

For mu (50 Hz) = 0.06 H/m: For mu (700 Hz) = 0.01 H/m: Xac=Xca= 9 Ohms Xba=Xbc=7 Ohms Xab=14 Ohms Xaa= 1741 Ohms Xbb= 1750 Ohms Xcc=1741 Ohms Xac=Xca= 54 Ohms Xba=Xbc=42 Ohms Xab=84 Ohms Xaa= 1741 Ohms Xbb= 1750 Ohms Xcc=1741 Ohms 20 m 65 m Line CVT Line F= 0.548 Wb, N=1409 turns, L1=5.617 H

Network Substation 420 kV Busbar CT Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B. 420 kV Busbar CVT Three-phase 420 kV Shunt-Reactor

Switching of A 420 kV Three-Phase Shunt-Reactor State of the art simulation introducing:

- A realistic model of a three-phase shunt reactor taking into account the asymetrical couplings of the magnetic circuit;

- A realistic circuit-breaker model based on the well-known Cassie - Mayr modified arc equations.

+ 1. 6nF + 1uH + 1uH + 0. 5 + 0. 5 ou t i n

Sim plifie d Arc M ode l ba s e d on M a y r's & Ca s s ies e qua tions

CB_ARC_a DEV1

ou t i n

Simplifie d Arc M ode l ba s e d on M a y r's & Cas s ies e qua tions

CB_ARC_a DEV2 + 1. 6nF + 1. 6nF + 1uH + 1uH + 0. 5 + 0. 5 ou t i n

Sim plifie d Arc M ode l ba s e d on M a y r's & Ca s s ies e qua tions

CB_ARC_a DEV3

ou t i n

Simplifie d Arc M ode l ba s e d on M a y r's & Cas s ies e qua tions

CB_ARC_a DEV4 + 1. 6nF + 1uH + 1uH + 0. 5 + 0. 5 ou t i n

Sim plifie d Arc M ode l ba s e d on M a y r's & Ca s s ies e qua tions

CB_ARC_a DEV5

ou t i n

Simplifie d Arc M ode l ba s e d on M a y r's & Cas s ies e qua tions

CB_ARC_a DEV6 + 0. 05nF C8 + 0. 05nF C9 + 0. 05nF C10 + 1. 6nF + 1. 6nF + + C11 4nF + + + C13 4nF + 30m H + 200nF + 10 + R10 0. 8 + 3000 + AC1 405kVRM SLL / _- 30 V M + ?v m 1 + + 1. 15nF + 1. 15nF + 20 0k + 20 0k + 0. 75 nF + 0. 75nF + 0. 375n F + 0. 75 nF + 0. 75 nF + 0. 375nF + 25uH + 350 R12 I/O FILES a b c BUS24 a b c BUS23 a b c a c b

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 280 km 40% 40% 140 km 140 km 220 km 220 km 20% 10% 5% 30% 20% 15% pF=88% 1560 M W Res.-Com.-Ind. Load Large Gen.-Load Center

40 M W 45 M W 240 M W 132 M W 520 M W 76 M W 162 M W 1600 M W 240 M X 4 x (10 X 2 MW) induc. machine pf 0.85 2 x 240 M W 180 M W 8250 M W 900 M W +/- 150 M XSVC +/- 30 MVARS STATCOM 3 x 1M W Doubly-fed with PWM controller (Variable speed) 77 M W WIND IM GENERATION (Constant speed) 200 M W 9000 M W 1300 M W +/- 400 M vars STATCOM in Substation B 2 3 1 5 0 0 /1 3 .8 /1 3 .8 2 3 1 In 1 Ou t1 In 2 Ou t2 Su b s ta ti o n _ A + + + 2 3 1 5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0 2 3 1 5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0 + 9 6 u F + 9 6 u F + 1 ? i R1 + + + + In 1 Ou t1 In 2 Ou t2 Su b s ta tio n _ C Si m u l a ti o n o p tio n s + + 0 .3 u F +0 .0 5 u F I/O FIL ES Se r_ C_ 1 Se r_ C_ 2 1 2 1 3 .8 /2 3 0 1 2 1 3 .8 /2 3 0 1 2 1 3 .8 /2 3 0 1 2 1 3 .8 /2 3 0 CP+ 1 4 4 .8 CP + 9 6 .5 CP+ 5 0 12 6 9 /2 2 5 CP2 + 2 9 0 CP + 6 0 + 4 8 u F 2 3 1 5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0 + 4 8 u F CP+ 193. 1 P Q p1 Su b s ta ti o n _ B VM + m _ Su b s _ B_ 2 3 0 k V ? v /? v /? v AVR&Gov (pu) Ou t IN AVR_ Go v _ 1 AVR&Gov (pu) Ou t IN AVR_ Go v _ 2 AVR&Gov (pu) Ou t IN AVR_ Go v _ 4 AV R&G o v (pu)IN Out AV R _ G o v _ 5 av r_ gov er nor _p u AV R&G o v (pu) IN Out AV R _ G o v _ 6 AV R&G o v (pu) IN Out AV R _ G o v _ 7 SM? m SM 2 SM 1 3 .8 k V 4 0 0 M VA ? m SM 1 SM? m SM 3 SM? m SM 4 SM 1 3 .8 k V 5 0 M VA ?m SM 7 SM 1 3 .8 k V 5 5 0 M VA ?m SM 6 SM 1 3 .8 k V2 0 0 M VA ?m SM 5 AVR&Gov (pu) Ou t IN AVR_ Go v _ 9 SM 1 3 .8 k V 2 0 0 M VA ? m SM 9 SM 1 3 .8 k V 1 2 5 M VA ? m SM 8 AVR&Gov (pu) Ou t IN AVR_ Go v _ 8 1 2 1 3 .8 /2 3 0 Np, Nq Kp, Kq Z Dist M W,M X,PF Va ,Vb ,Vc 60 Hz only DEV4 Np, Nq Kp ,K q Z D ist M W ,M X, PF Va ,V b ,V c 60 H z onl y DEV3 s c opeQt s c opePt VM + ? v m _ L o a d _ 2 3 0 k V + + R2 2 .2 6 3 1 2 2 5 .5 /1 2 1 2 2 5 .5 /6 .6 AS M S Sm a ll _ i n d ? m 6 .6 k V 7 7 0 .M VA AS M S L a rg e _ i n d ? m 1 2 k V 3 8 5 .M VA + 2 0 0 0 u F P Q p 3 s c ope P_ L o a d s c ope Q_ L o a d + 3 7 0 0 u F + 1 4 1 0 .u F 0 .0 1 3 0 .2 2 Oh m 1 2 2 3 0 /2 6 .4? AV R&G o v (pu) IN Out AVR_ Go v _ 1 0 SM 2 3 0 k V 1 2 0 0 0 M VA ?m SM 1 0 Np, Nq Kp, Kq Z Dist M W,M X,PF Va ,Vb ,Vc 60 Hz only DEV1 s c ope Q_ Ex c h s c ope P_ Ex c h AVR&Gov (pu) Ou t IN AVR_ Go v _ 3 1 2 6 9 /3 .3 S ASM Sq Ca g e _ 1 1 2 6 9 /3 .3 S ASM 1 2 6 9 /3 .3 S ASM 1 2 6 9 /3 .3 S ASM Sq Ca g e _ 4 1 2 Yg Yg _ n p 4 2 3 0 /7 1 + 0 .1 ,0 .5 Oh m + 0 .0 4 ,0 .2 Oh m + 0 .2 ,1 Oh m + 0 .1 ,0 .5 Oh m + 1 5 u F + -1 /1 E1 5 /0 PQ p2 VM + m _ 6 9 k V_ wi n d ? v /? v /? v 2 3 1 5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0 + 1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0 1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0 1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0 Np, Nq Kp ,K q Z D ist M W ,M X, PF Va ,V b ,Vc 60 H z o nl y DEV2 P Q p4 s c ope Pt_ win d Ge n s c ope Qt_ Wi n d Ge n + 1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0 1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0 1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0 + 1 ? i R3 DEV6 Np, Nq Kp, Kq M W,M X,PF Va ,Vb ,Vc 60 Hz only Flu o _ l i g h t Np, Nq Kp, Kq M W,M X,PF Va ,Vb ,Vc 60 Hz only In c a n _ l ig h t Np, Nq Kp, Kq M W,M X,PF Va ,Vb ,Vc 60 Hz only Co l o r_ Tv + -1 /1 E 15/ 0 + SW 6 -1 /1 E 15/ 0 1 2 2 3 0 /2 6 .4? 0. 13 2. 2O hm CP2 + 1 1 0 CP2 + 8 0 C L SVC _ 1 Np, Nq Kp, Kq Z Dist M W,M X,PF Va ,Vb ,Vc 60 Hz only DEV5 CP2 + 8 0 s c ope Q_ Sta t_ 3 0 +RL 1 + C8 0 .2 5 u F + C1 2 0 .2 5 u F 1 2 69/ 0. 69 Yg Yg _ n p 5 s c ope Q_ Va r_ s p e e d s c ope P_ Va r_ s p e e d v v PQ p7 P Q p 6 +R4 5 0 + 5 /5 .1 /0 5 /5 .1 /0 1 E1 5 /1 e 1 5 /0 + 1 ? i R5 BUS1 BUS7 BUS5 BUS9

A A B B C C D D E E F F 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

Small Industrial load

8 MW

Windmill Power Generation In a weak Power System

5 x 2 M VA Doubly-fed with PWM controller (Variable Speed) 8 MW 20 MW 15 MW 6.5 MW 12 x 2 M VA Doubly-fed with PWM controller (Variable Speed) Weak Local 69 kV Network (150 MVA) LL-g 6 cycles fault

- Realistic Wind Data; - Realistic DFIG Modeling;

- Realistic Network & Load Models - Realistic Harmonic Distorsions & Dynamic Performances 11 MW scope P_Gr1 scope Q_Gr1 1 2 69/6.6 Y gD_1 0.1 1Ohm VM + ?v m1 P Q _p1 scope Q_netw scope P_netw P Q _p3 scope P_Gr2 scope Q_Gr_2 + 170uF ASM S ASM1 ?m 6.6kV 5000hp AVR in out AVR_SM1 1 2 69/13.8 Y gD_2 + 69kV /_0 SM 13.8kV 10MVA ?m SM1 I/O FILES DFIG_1 v WIND1 1 2 69/0.69 Y gD_3 DFIG_2 v WIND2 + + + 1uF + 0.4k + 4 + 32Ohm + 100 + 30 + 5nF C3 + 5nF C4 P Q p2 + 5/5.1/0 5/5.1/0 1E15/1E15/0 ?i SW1 + 1 Delay !h + 40nF + 40nF 1 2 69/0.69 Y gD_4 MPLOT Np,Nq Kp,Kq Z Dist MW,MX,PF Va,Vb,Vc 50/60 Hz VLOADg1 Np,Nq Kp,Kq MW,MX,PF Va,Vb,Vc 50/60 Hz VLOAD2

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 T5 TRANS3 CB CB TRANS2 T5 CB T1 T1 T15 T25 CB BB1 BB2 T1 Q2 Q2 Q2 Q2 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 CABLE3 CB T1 CABLE2 Q1 Q2 CB T1 Q1 CABLE1 T1 T5 TRANS1 T1 Q2 Q2 Q1 GW GW

Backflashover at 300 m from the substation on the 4th connected 150 kV line

Tower three 150 kV lines MCOV=112 kV MCOV=112 kV MCOV=112 kV 0.25m reference 1 . 1 m 1 . 1 m 1 . 1 m 0.50m 1.254cm 2.6225cm 2.9335cm CB

Insulation Coordination of a 150 kV GIS

+ 2nF CP + 17 .4 + 0.1nF CP + 1. 6 CP + 1. 75 + + + CP + 1.1 CP + 1.1 CP + 1. 75 + CP + 1. 6 + + CP + 1.1 CP + 1.1 CP + 3 000 + 2nF CP + 10 .6 + 0.1nF CP + 1. 6 CP + 1. 75 + + + + 0. 1n F + 0.1n F CP + 1.1 CP + 1.1 CP + 1. 75 + + CP + 2. 3 CP + 1. 6 + CP + 1.1 CP + 1.1 + CP + 1. 6 CP + 38 50 + + CP + 1.1 CP + 1.1 CP + 1. 75 + CP + 1. 6 + + CP + 1.1 CP + 1.1 + 2nF CP + 11 .1 + 0.1nF CP + 1. 6 CP + 1. 75 + + + CP + 38 50 +L1 3uH +L2 3uH CP + 1. 75 + AC1 170kVRMSLL /_180 + R1 150 CP + 30 + R2 20 + _g1 ?v i> S CP + ₃₀₀ DEV6 CP + ₃₀₀ VM + m1 ?v VM + m2 ?v VM + m3 ?v + R3 450 + Zn O ZnO1 ?i 2 800 00 + L3 3u H + Zn O ZnO2 ?i + R4 450 +VM m4 ?v + Zn O ZnO3 ?i 28 00 00 VM + m5 ?v VM + m6 ?v

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 1 1 0 0 CCPD R6-11 R1-11 R1-5 61 113 CCPD R2A-5 R2A-12 R6-12 R5-7 R6-7 788 R2G-5 _R2G-6 UNIT 2 1110 MVA UNIT 1 806.5 MVA 22.8 kV Delta 345/1.732 kV Yn 23.9 kV Delta 346.4/1.732 kV Yn Start & Standby Xformers

Start & Standby Xformers

CCPD f=8.77 kHz Inductiv e VT 345/161 kV Autotransformer 345/161 kV Autotransformer Three-Phase-to Ground Fault Location (1) (2) (3) (4) TRV STUDY AT A 345 kV SUBSTATION CB_2DISC 33' + 33' + 33' + + 0.1nF 90' + CB_2DISC 33' + 33' + 110' + + 7.5nF CB_2DISC 2 3 1 327.5/161/13.8 110' + + 1.nF + 2.5nF + 1.nF + 0.1uF CP + 17 .8 5 CP + 15 .8 1 33' + 150' + 33' + 33' + CB_2DISC 33' + 33' + 33' + 33' + CB_2DISC CB_2DISC 15 0' + 33' + CB_2DISC CB_2DISC 33' + 33' + 150 ' + 150' + + 0.1nF + 7.5nF 220 ' + 33' + 22 0' + 33' + CB_2DISC 150' + 33' + 300' + + 0.1nF 55' + 450' + 450' + 55' + + 0.1nF 90' + HV LV DEV19 + C13 2nF 450' + 55' + + 0.1nF 55' + 450' + + C15 2nF + 279171.940927 /_-5 279171.940927 /_-125 279171.940927 /_115 PQbus:LF3 VwZ3 LF Phase:0 P=-491.5MW Q=37.4MVAR Vsine_z:VwZ3 LF3 + 50nF 300' + + 0.1nF 110' + + 1.3e+5 /_-12 1.3e+5 /_-132 1.3e+5 /_108 PQbus:LF4 VwZ4 LF 27.39MW 11.01MVAR LF Phase:0 P=-204.9MW Q=-29MVAR Vsine_z:VwZ4 LF4 2 3 1 345/161/15 + 2.8e+5 /_-7 2.8e+5 /_-127 2.8e+5 /_113 Slack:LF5 VwZ5 LF Phase:0 Slack: 343.27kVRMSLL/_0 Vsine_z:VwZ5 LF5 75 ' + 75' + 90' + 110' + + 7.5nF + 0.1uF

View Steady -State

VM + ?vm1 + 30 + 50nF + 30 R5 + 50nF + 30 R6 FD + FD + VM + ?vm2 + 900 R8 + 1020 R9 + 450 R10 + 1. nF + 1. nF + 0.3nF 150' + + 2. 5nF CB_2DISC + 25nF + 0.0281Ohm + 28.1 + 0.001124 LF Phase:0 P=850MW V=23.712kVRMSLL s155a Vsine_z:VwZ2 LF2 + 0.0281Ohm + 28.1 + 0.0281Ohm + 28.1 + 0.0281Ohm + 28.1 + 25nF + 25nF + 25nF + 19707 /_-12 19707 /_-132 19707 /_108 PVbus:LF2 VwZ2 + 2500 R17 + 0.00119 + 0.02975Ohm + 29.75 + 25nF LF Phase:0 P=676MW V=23.712kVRMSLL s184a Vsine_z:VwZ6 LF6 + 0.02975Ohm + 29.75 + 0.02975Ohm + 29.75 + 0.02975Ohm + 29.75 + 25nF + 25nF + 25nF + 20136 /_-12 20136 /_-132 20136 /_108 PVbus:LF6 VwZ6 + 2500 R24 VM + ?vm3 HV LV DEV3 1.00/_3.5 1.03/_0.8 1.00/_3.5 0.99/_-1.0 1.01/_0.3 0.99/_0.0 s184 s155

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

200 MW Wind Farm Integration Study

138 kV Network +/- 80 MVars SVC Wind RL + PI 1 Wind RL + PI 2 Wind RL + PI 3 Wind Wind Wind RL + PI 5 Wind RL + PI 6 v DEV1 1 2 DYg_1 0.69/34.5 1 2 DYg_2 0.69/34.5 1 2 DYg_3 0.69/34.5 1DYg_42 0.69/34.5 1 2 DYg_5 0.69/34.5 1DYg_62 0.69/34.5 Wind Wind 1 2 DYg_7 0.69/34.5 1 2 DYg_8 0.69/34.5 RL + PI 8 RL + PI 7 v DEV2 v DEV3 1 2 DYg_9 0.69/34.5 VM + m1 ?v 3x 1x 1 2 SVC_1 Unique top +RL1 Wind 1 2 DYg_10 0.69/34.5 RL + PI 9 2 3 1 138/34.5/13.8 ? + C2 CP + _50.00 CP + _50.00 RL + PI4 RL + PI 10 + SW1 -1|1.1|0 + SW2 1.6|1.7|0 + SW3 -1|1.1|0 + SW4 1.6|1.7|0 + SW5 1|1E15|0 1|1E15|0 1e15|1E15|0 + AC1 140kVRMSLL /_0 Np,Nq Kp,Kq MW,MX,PF Va,Vb,Vc 50/60 Hz VLOAD1

A A B B C C D D E E F F 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 HV LV Tertiary

Dynamic Resistance Controller Modeling Eddy losses

Simulated Saturation Characteristic (Air reactance of 45.8%)

[email protected] pu = 300 kOhms Air reactance=44.3%@ 170 M VA

Modeled Hysteresis Characteristic at 1.0 &1.4 pu

Obtained HV Hysteresis Characteristic at 1.0 & 1.4pu (including Cap & Eddy losses)

Vm2 rms in pu of 303.11 kV Im1 (rms) in pu of 170 MVA 1.2 0.021 1.3 0.180 1.4 0.406 Ferroresonance Study + RL1 0.721,54.06Ohm + RL2 0.0001,0.0001Ohm + 0.054,2.68Ohm + 3.4nF + 1.15nF + 1.227nF + ?vipf Hyst2 4.025nF + + 4.025nF + 132.79 + 66 + Tr0 303.12kV Tr0_2 + 303.11kVRMS /_0 AC1 P Q p1 scope P scopeQ +_A ?i m1 　 i 　 i hfit1 jacobson_siemens_170mva_3.dat model in: jacobson_siemens_170mva_2.hys

+ I Y_{Y I} ?i v(t) p2 1 297.2 loss1 Int1 scope scp3 Ftb1 scope scp9 Gain1 110000 RECIP 1 Fm1 scope scp10 ABS 1 Fm2 + 0.5,10Ohm +200 + 0.1uF v(t) p3 + + -sum1 + -1|50ms|5 + VM m2?v + 5nF V1 V1 Ydyn Ydyn V2 V2

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 1 1 0 0 2900 mm 2x x g = 12 mm x= 710 mm

Three-Phase 420 kV 100 MVARS Shunt Reactor

For mu (50 Hz) = 0.06 H/m: For mu (700 Hz) = 0.01 H/m: Xac=Xc a= 9 Ohms Xba=Xbc =7 Ohms Xab=14 Ohms Xaa= 1741 Ohms Xbb= 1750 Ohms Xc c=1741 Ohms

Xac =Xca= 54 Ohms Xba=Xbc =42 Ohms Xab=84 Ohms Xaa= 1741 Ohms Xbb= 1750 Ohms Xc c =1741 Ohms 20 m 65 m Line CVT Line F= 0.548 Wb, N=1409 turns, L1=5.617 H

Network Substation 420 kV Busbar CT Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B. 420 kV Busbar CVT Three-phase 420 kV Shunt-Reactor

Switching of A 420 kV Three-Phase Shunt-Reactor State of the art simulation introducing:

- A realistic model of a three-phase shunt reactor taking into account the asymetrical couplings of the magnetic circuit;

- A realistic circuit-breaker model based on the well-known Cassie - Mayr modified arc equations;

+ 1.6 nF + 1 uH + 1u H + 0.5 + 0 .5 out in

Sim plified Ar c Model based on Mayr 's & Cassies equations

DEV1

CB_ARC_ a

out in

Sim plified Arc Model based on Mayr 's & Cassies equations

DEV2 CB_ARC_a + 1.6nF + 1.6 nF + 1 uH + 1u H + 0.5 + 0 .5 out in

Sim plified Ar c Model based on Mayr 's & Cassies equations

DEV3

CB_ARC_ a

out in

Sim plified Arc Model based on Mayr 's & Cassies equations

DEV4 CB_ARC_a + 1.6 nF + 1 uH + 1u H + 0.5 + 0 .5 out in

Sim plified Ar c Model based on Mayr 's & Cassies equations

DEV5

CB_ARC_ a

out in

Sim plified Arc Model based on Mayr 's & Cassies equations

DEV6 CB_ARC_a + C8 0.0 5nF + C9 0.0 5nF + C10 0.0 5nF + 1.6nF + 1.6nF + + 4nF C11 + + + 4 nF C13 + 30 m H + 2 00n F + 1 0 + 0 .8 R10 + 3 00 0 + 40 5k VRM SL L /_ -30 AC1 VM + m 1 ? v + + 1.15n F + 1.15n F + 20 0k + 20 0k + 0. 75 nF + 0. 75 nF + 0. 37 5n F + 0.75n F + 0. 7 5nF + 0. 37 5n F + 25 uH + R1 2 35 0 I/O FILES BUS24 c b a BUS2 3 c b a c b a c b a

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

Validation of the Air gap leader Model with CIGRE equation

The leader length varies between 3 and 6m

The applied surge varies between -3 and -5M V

Length (m)

3 4 5 6 Voltage(MV)

Equation Model Equation Model Equation Model Equation Model

3 1.2516 1.69 2.568 2.9 5.4155 4.8 4 0.6944 0.95 1.2516 1.58 2.1491 2.15 3.6902 3.1 5 0.4622 0.69 0.7867 1.1 1.2516 1.3 1.9316 1.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 10-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 x 106 t (ms) y PLOT breakdown time Vleader_3MV@vn@1 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0x 10 6 t (ms) y PLOT Vleader@vn@1 Vsurge2@vb@1

breakdown time comparison in us breakdown time definition

A typical leader breakdown voltage

compared to the applied surge voltage Ref:_{1- Shindo, Takatoshi; Suzuki, Toshio (CRIEPI) " New Calculation Method}

of Breakdown Voltage-Time Characteristics of Long Air Gaps",

IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-104, No. 6, June 1985, pp 1556-1563.

2- DARVENIZA(M.); POPOLANSKY (F.); WHITEHEAD (E.R.) "Lightning protection of UHV transmission lines", CIGRE report 1975-41.

VM+ ?v m2 + -3060kV/-14000/-4166666 ?v Vsurge + 10 0 R I/O FILES Le a d e r + AG

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Step changes in Io Rectifier f req limits set here 1 Ph f ault 3 Ph f ault DCf ilter To Bipolar DC system

Current Controller w ith VDCL PI Controller

Scaling of Id

Fault/Test Sequence Generator: Enter: amplitude and timing sequence

AC-DC Voltage Measurement Circuit AC Filters

Inv erter DC Fault

Model of HVDC Rectifier operating with weak ac system and bipolar 6-p dc system

Prepared by: V.K.Sood, [email protected] Date: May 2003

Purpose: Teaching/Training of personnel on HVDC systems Tests possible:

1. Step change in Io

2. Voltage Dependent Current Limit (VDCL) 3. Block/Deblock of firing pulses

4. DC Line fault with protection & recovery sequence 5. Three phase ac bus fault, with recovery sequence 6. Single phase ac bus fault, high impedance, no protection 7. Forced retard of rectifier firing pulses

8. Step change in oscillator frequency Kp=0.35

Ki=0.35

Suggested Test Sequences

Description Amplitude Timing

1. Step Io -0.2 pu 300-500 ms 2. VDCL 1.0 pu 300-500 ms 3. BLOCK 1.0 pu 300-500 ms 4. DCFault 1.0 pu 300-350 ms Apply FR 0.75 pu 325-375ms 5. ACFault3 0.75 pu 300-400ms 6. ACFault1 1.0 pu 300-400ms 7. FR 1.0 pu 300-400ms 8. Step Frequency 25 Hz 300-400ms

This is necessary f or f ast initialisation

Recov ery f rom a dc f ault will require FR to be coordinated Forced Retard Rectif ier

f min=f o-df f max=f o+df

Frequency Measurement Circuit c 1.0 C1 PI u out Kp Ki DEV2 c C2 0.35 v (t) p1 F1 2 3 4 5 6 sg5 1 1600 Firing_Generator F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 deblock pulse_train Bridge_star F1 Bridge_delta F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 V.K.Sood DEV5 sg8 scope scp1 scope scp2 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 c C3 0.35 + AC2 ?vi 230kV /_60 1 2 230/205.45 YY2 1 2 YgD_2 230/205.45 3-phase + -gates 6-pulse bridge + 350mH 3-phase + -gates 6-pulse bridge + 350mH + R8 2.5 VM + ?v m1 + + + sum3 c 0.3 C4 c 1.2 C5 DC1 220kV DC2 220kV + RL1 0.25,45mH D1 + RL C RL C3 1 000 ,0,0.1uF RL C + RLC4 1k,0,0.1uF + R3 2.5 D2 + R2 0.1 MAX 1 2 3 Fm1 + RL C _RLC6 100 0,0,0.1u F sg6 f(s) fs1 sg2 sg3 sg4 sg7 + RL C RL C1 1 0 0 0 ,0 ,0 .1 u F RL C + RLC2 1,0.2814,1uF + cSW1 + cSW2 + cSW3 + cS W 4 sg1 + cSW5 + -+ sum2 RL C + RLC5 1,0.2814,1uF Fm8 Fm9 RL C + 0.63,19.52mH,3.009uF RLC8 + 3.846mH L3 + 4.573uF C6 + 82.6 R4 v (t) i(t)p2 RL C + 0.63,27.83mH,3.009uF RLC7 + R5 1 + R6 1 + R7 1 + L4 250mH + R1 1 VDCL Io_lim Iref Vd_static Im ax Im in Vd_dynamic V.K.Sood DEV3 DEV3 DEV3 vd_rec vac_rec vd_out vd_rec_pu Vdetector DEV1 Delay 0.050 dly1 lim1 1 -0.15 0.15 NOR 1 2 3 4 Fm3 PLL osc 1 freq_order freq_meas pulse_train V.K.Sood DEV6 fa_in f_out fb_in fc_in f_m easure V.K.Sood DEV4

DOUBLE CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO

3 4 5 6 F1 2 1 3 4 5 6 2 Iref freq_meas Step_Io rec_star_pulses rec_delta_pulses pulse_train error rec_star_bus rec_delta_bus id_rec id_rec Io_limit id_rec_pu s40 Imin Imax vd_rec rec_bus fo v_pri_rec_a v_pri_rec_b v_pri_rec_c vac_rec vdcl_input vd_out ACFault3 s123 s158 deblock VDCL GND DCFault ACFault1 Startup b a a c rec_bus2 FR vd_rec_pu BLOCK freq_order rec_star_firing

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

Validation of the Secondary Arc Model with IREQ Laboratory Tests Field Recording

(10-08-1986)

EM TP-RV Simulation (05-22-2005)

Primary Arc: 5 kA eff Secondary Arc: 40 A Wind Speed: 9.7 km/h

Secondary Arc Duration: 1.04 sec. 315 kV insulator string, l=2.3 m

Ref.: Kizilcay M ., Bán G., Prikler L., Handl P.: "Interaction of the Secondary Arc with the Transmission System during Single-Phase Autoreclosure" IEEE Bologna PowerTech Conference, June 23-26, 2003

Bologna, Italy, Paper 471

+ SW1 100ms/200ms/0 + 1.60uF C2 + 0.7,13Ohm ?i RL1 + R1 0.2 + 66.4kVRMS /_0 AC1 + R2 300 +C3 1.05uF + R3 0.2 I/O FILES S eco n d a ry ar c + DEV1 Sec_ARC_a

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Equivalent 120 kV Network Example of Synchronous/Asynchronous Machine Modeling

Fault & System Islanding at 9 s

Starting motor at 1 s

420 MW Load

32 MW Synchronous Motor Load

Induction motors in steady-state

- Starting an 11000 hp motor at 1s with 5 induction machines already in steady-state

- LL-g fault on the 120 kV bus with system islanding at 9 s

- System recovery by the governor system of the large SM until 30 s

- Case showing the good numerical stability of large number of machines in EMTP-RV - Ref. (Motor): G. J. Rogers, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC2, No 4

Dec. 1987, pp. 622-628.

- Using variable output rate after 15 s of simulation.

Simulation options I/O FILES MPLOT 1 2 DYg_SM2 13.8/122 + 0.2uF + 3 + 1uF + 1 + 120kV /_17 Network + 1 2 YgD_1 120/26.4 1 2 YgYg_np1 25.5/12 SM SM_load ?m 12kV 40MVA 0.1 1Ohm 1 2 YgYg_np2 ? _25.5/6.6 + 1/1E15/0 ?i SW_ASM1 + 40uF C4 P Q sc o p e Q_ASM1 sc o p e P_ASM1 + 240uF P Q + -1/9.15/0 ?i SW_Network + 0.2uF C3 + SW _ F a u lt 9/9.15/0 9/9.15/0 1E15/1E15/0 + 1 sc o p e P_net sc o p e Q_net P Q_Load1 + C7 380uF AS M S 6.6kV 11000hp ?m AS M 2 AS M S 6.6kV 11000hp ?m AS M 3 AS M S 6.6kV 11000hp ?m AS M 4 ASM S 6.6kV 11000hp ?m ASM1 SM SM2 ?m 13.8kV 500MVA AVR&Gov (pu) Out IN AVR_Gov_SM2 Speed Tm S T ASM1_control Pm O m ega _1 f(u) 1 SM_load_control VM+ Vnet ?v AS M S 6.6kV 11000hp ?m AS M 5 AS M S 6.6kV 11000hp ?m AS M 6

A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

Creating a 5% Voltage Dip Duration of 45 sec. +/- 10% of 230 kV in 6 taps of 1.667% Initial Tap at -2 Td0=10 s, Td inverse Deadband of 1% +/- 15% of 26.4 kV in 8 taps of 1.875% Initial Tap at -2 Td0=15 s, Td inverse Deadband of 1.5%

Operation of Tap Changers During a Voltage Dip

Transmission Line V1 mag rad 1 loss1 21555 scope V_26kV_pu 0.013 0.22Ohm Tap Vmeas OLT C_Control1 1 2 230/26.4 ? YD_1 + 508kVRMSLL /_2 508kVRMSLL /_-118 508kVRMSLL /_122 Slack:LF1 VwZ1 LF Slack: 500kVRMSLL/_0 Vsine_z:VwZ1 LF1 PI + PI1 2 3 1 YgYgD_np1 500/230/50 Tap Vmeas OLTC_Control2 V1 mag rad + C1 0.1uF 1 loss2 187771 scope V_230_pu Np,Nq Kp,Kq Z Dist MW,MX,PF Va,Vb,Vc 50/60 Hz VLOADg1 Np,Nq Kp,Kq Z Dist MW,MX,PF Va,Vb,Vc 50/60 Hz VLOADg2 + 50 R1 + 5/50/0 SW 1 I/O FILES MPLOT 1.01/_-44.9 1.02/_-3.4

A A B B C C D D 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 - L1 (uH) = 15 d/n; R1 (Ohm) = 65 d/n - L0 (uH) = 0.2 d/n; R0 (Ohm) = 100 d/n - C0 (pF) = 100 n/d

d is the Height of the arrester and n is the number of parallel columns

Example of Modeling of an Ohio-Brass Zno Arrester for a 330 kV Network MCOV= 209 kV

d=1.8 m, n=1

A0 & A1 Characteristics adjusted to get 516 kV for a 2 kA 45 us Switching Surge then L1 adjusted to get 604 kV for a 10 kA 8/20 us Lightning surge

then checking for 10 kA 0.5 us front of wave 664.5 kV vs 665 kV from Ohio-Brass FANTASTIC!!

0.5 us 8 us

45 us

ZnO Arrester model based on IEEE Surge Protective Device Working Group

Zn O + ZnO1 516000 Zn O + ZnO2 516000 + R1 117 + L1 42uH + C1 0.0555nF + R0 180 + L0 0.36uH Data function ZnO model in: A0_1_Char.pun

Data function ZnO A1_1_Char.dat model in: A1_1_Char.pun

VM + m1 ?v + Isurge1 ?i 10.7kA/-70000/-4755000 Simulation options + Isurge2 ?i 24.9kA/-55000/-175000 + Isurge3 ?i 2.95kA/-5000/-46500 I/O FILES

www.emtp.com

Technical Support: [email protected]

Sales Team: [email protected]

CORPORATE WEB SITE: www.powersys-solutions.com POWERSYS

Corporate headquarters

Les Jardins de l'Entreprise 13610 Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade FRANCE Sales Email: [email protected] Support Email: [email protected] Tel: +33 (0)4 42 61 02 29 Fax: +33 (0)4 42 50 58 90 POWERSYS German Office Verbindungsbüro Deutschland Walter-Kolb-Str. 9-11 60594 Francfurt/Main DEUTSCHLAND Email: [email protected] Tel. : +49 (0)69 / 96 21 76 - 34 Fax : +49 (0)69 / 96 21 76 – 20 POWERSYS Inc. 8401 Greenway Blvd. Suite 210. Middleton, WI 53562 USA Sales Email: [email protected] Support Email: [email protected] Tel : +1 608 203 8808 Fax: +1 608 203 8811