ASHRAE 90.1 - 2010
Presented by
Ryan Kopko,
PE BEMP, BEAP, LEED APPresentation Overview
•
ASHRAE 90.1 Overview and History
•
Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation
Section Updates/Changes
•
Lighting Section Updates/Changes
•
Building Envelope Section
Updates/Changes
ASHRAE 90.1 - Overview & History
•
It supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2007 by adding 60
Addenda
•
It will become the reference
standard for the 2012 IECC
•
It is the professional “standard of
care” for energy efficiency set by
ASHRAE Consensus
•
Format: Structured like a code
document, with a consistent
numbering scheme
•
Climate Zones:
– Defined geographically by county lines, not by individual city or climatic
Degree Days
ASHRAE 90.1 - Overview & History
•
Purpose of the Standard
–
The purpose of this standard is to provide
minimum requirements for the
energy-efficient design of buildings except low-rise
residential buildings for:
1) design,
construction, and plan for O&M**
, and
2) Utilization of on-site, renewable energy sources
ASHRAE 90.1 - Overview & History
90.1 - 1975
• StandardFirst
issued
90.1 - 1980
• First Update to Standard90.1 – 1989
• Second
Update90.1 – 1999
• Major Rewrite of the Standard90.1 – 2001
• Minor Revisions90.1 – 2004
• Improved on 2001 by ~10%90.1 – 2007
• Improved on 2004 by ~25%90.1 – 2010
• Improved on 2007 by ~5%ASHRAE 90.1 - Overview & History
State Adoption as of November 1, 2011
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Structure
Sections in the Document1. Purpose 2. Scope
3. Definitions, Abbrev. & Acronyms 4. Administration and Enforcement 5. Building Envelope 6. HVAC 7. SWH 8. Power 9. Lighting 10. Other Equipment
11. Energy Cost Budget (ECB)
12. Normative References Appendices A-G
Technical Sections Outline
x.1 General – Scope & Conditions x.2 Compliance Paths
x.3 Simplified Building (Note 1) x.4 Mandatory Provisions
x.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path x.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Note 2)
x.7 Submittals – Drawings,
manuals, labeling, etc x.8 Product Information –
Equipment efficiency, installation requirements, etc.
Notes:
1. Only used in HVAC
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
•
Airside Energy Recovery
•
Chiller Minimum Efficiency Changes
•
Economizer Exemptions
•
Single Zone VAV
•
Load Calculations
•
Appendix G
•
Damper/Duct Leakage Requirements
•
Part Load Fan Power
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Airside Energy Recovery
Table 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements Climate
Zone
% Outdoor Air at Full Design Airflow Rate
30~40% 40~50% 50~60% 60~70% 70~80% > 80%
Design Supply Fan Airflow Rate (cfm)
3b,3c,4b,4c,5b NR NR NR NR ≥ 5,000 ≥ 5,000 1b,2b,5c NR NR ≥ 26,000 ≥ 12,000 ≥ 5,000 ≥ 4,000 6b ≥ 11,000 ≥ 5,500 ≥ 4,500 ≥ 3,500 ≥ 2,500 ≥ 1,500 1a,2a,3a,4a,5a, 6a ≥ 5,500 ≥ 4,500 ≥ 3,500 ≥ 2,000 ≥ 1,000 > 0 7,8 ≥ 2,500 ≥ 1,000 > 0 > 0 > 0 > 0
• Incorporate exhaust air energy recovery system with at least 50%
enthalpy energy recovery. • 2004 was ≥5000 cfm and
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Chiller Efficiencies
Equipmen t Type Size Category (Tons) Units Before 1/1/2010 As of 1/1/2010 Path A Path BFull Load IPLV Full Load IPLV Full Load IPLV Air Cooled < 150 EER ≥9.562 ≥10.416 ≥9.562 ≥12.5 NA NA ≥150 EER ≥9.562 ≥10.416 ≥9.562 ≥12.75 NA NA Water Cooled Electricall y Operated Positive Disp. <75 kW/Ton ≤0.790 ≤0.676 ≤0.780 ≤0.630 ≤0.800 ≤0.600 ≥75 to <150 kW/Ton ≤0.775 ≤0.615 ≤0.790 ≤0.586 ≥150 to <300 kW/Ton ≤0.717 ≤0.627 ≤0.680 ≤0.580 ≤0.718 ≤0.540 ≥300 kW/Ton ≤0.639 ≤0.571 ≤0.620 ≤0.540 ≤0.639 ≤0.490
Table 6.8.1C Water Chilling Packages – Efficiency Rqmts
• On 1/1/2010, the HCFC 22) refrigerants were eliminated and HFC’s (R-134a, R-410a) must be used. This table shows the EER and kW/ton
requirements for chillers before and after January 2010.
• The Standard also provides guidance for chiller efficiencies at Nonstandard Conditions (Section 6.4.1.2)
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Economizer Exemptions
Climate Zone Efficiency Improvement 1
2a 17% 2b 21% 3a 27% 3b 32% 3c 65% 4a 42% 4b 49% 4c 64% 5a 49% 5b 59% 5c 74% 6a 56% 6b 65% 7 72% 8 77%
• Economizer required on all
equipment 4.5 tons and above. 2004 was 11.25 Tons
• Table 6.3.2 (on the left) lists
efficiency improvement requirement needed to not use economizer.
• Computer Rooms have a number of exemptions and still undergoing
discussion.
• The table used to be based strictly on specific EER or SEER
improvements not a percentage. 1) If a unit is rated with an IPLV, IEER, or SEER then to
eliminate the required air or water economizer, the minimum cooling efficiency of the HVAC unit must be increased by the percentage shown. If the HVAC unit is only rated with a full load metric like EER then these must be increased by the percentage shown.
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Single Zone VAV Control
HVAC Systems shall have variable
airflow controls
•
Chilled water
– Motor power 5 Hp and greater – Reduce airflow by 50% or to
minimum OA per 62.1
•
Direct Expansion
– 110,000 btuh (9.2 Tons) and greater
– Reduce airflow by 33% or to minimum OA per 62.1
•
Either can be accomplished with
2 speed motors or VFD Control
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Load Calculations
•
90.1 - 2004
–
Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of
sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in
accordance with generally accepted engineering standards and
handbooks acceptable to the adopting authority.
•
90.1 – 2010
–
Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of
sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in
accordance with
ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183, Peak
Cooling and Heating Load Calculations in Buildings Except
Low-Rise Residential Buildings.
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Appendix G
•
Normative
Appendix G in 2010
•
Provides specific rules for determining
Degree of Improvement
over 90.1
•
Responding to demand by LEED
designers
•
Distinct from Energy Cost Budget
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Damper/Duct Leakage
•
Damper Leakage (Section 6.4.3.4.3)
–
OA Supply and Exhaust/relief Dampers
–
Shall have maximum leakage rate per Table 6.4.3.4.3
•
Permitted Duct Leakage (Section 6.4.4.2.2)
–
Maximum permitted duct leakage shall be:
𝐿
𝑚𝑎𝑥= 𝐶
𝐿𝑃
0.65𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑠𝑞𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝐶𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠, 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑠𝑞𝑓𝑡 @ 1" 𝑤. 𝑐. 𝑃 = 𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒, 𝑖𝑛 𝑤. 𝑐.
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Part Load Fan Power Limitation
•
Individual VAV fans with motors ≥10 hp
– Shall have VSD, or
– Shall be vane-axial w/variable pitch blades, or
– Shall have other controls and devices to result in fan motor demand
≤30% of design wattage at 50% of design air volume when static
pressure set point = 1/3 of total design static pressure.
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Ventilation Control
•
High Occupancy Areas
–
DCV required for spaces >500 sqft and > 40 people/1000
sqft that are served by any of these:
• Air-side economizer
• Auto modulation of OA damper • Design OA airflow > 3000 CFM
(Must maintain minimum rates per ASHRAE Standard 62.1)
–
Exceptions
• Exhaust energy recovery system per section 6.5.6.1 • Multiple-zone systems w/o DDC of individual zones • Design OA < 1200 cfm
• Where supply air – make up air < 1200 cfm
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Ventilation Control
•
Enclosed Parking Garage Ventilation
–
Parking garage ventilation systems shall automatically detect
contaminant levels and stage/modulate fans of 50% (or
less) of design capacity provided acceptable contaminant
levels are maintained.
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC
Other Items
•
AC and Condensing Unit Efficiency Requirements
increased
•
VRF Efficiency requirements
•
Closed Circuit Cooling Tower Performance
Requirements
•
Pipe Insulation Requirements Changed
•
Commissioning of HVAC Systems
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Lighting
•
Lighting provided the largest energy
savings in the new version of ASHRAE
90.1-2010 with reduced Lighting
Power Density allowances and emphasis
on daylighting!
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Lighting
Luminaire Wattage Determination
•
Luminaires w/o ballasts = maximum
labeled wattage of the luminaire
•
Luminaires with ballasts = wattage of
the lamp/ballast combination
•
Line-voltage track = minimum 30 W
per foot or wattage of circuit breaker
or other current-limiting device(s)
•
Low-voltage track = transformer
wattage
•
All other misc lighting equipment, as
specified.
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Lighting
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
•
Addendum “by” changes:
–
For most building types, the
LPDs are reduced.
•
Average LPDs:
– 90.1–2007 ……Ave = 1.09 w/sqft – 90.1-2010……Ave = 0.906 w/sqft
Difference of -16.9%
•
Lighting Controls Update
–
Occupancy, Daylighting with
photosensor, Scheduling
Building Area Type (W/sqft) LPD
Automotive Facility 0.9 0.82 Convention Center 1.2 1.08 Courthouse 1.2 1.05 Dining: Bar/Leisure 1.3 0.99 Dining: Cafeteria/fast food 1.4 0.9 Dining: Family 1.6 0.89 Dormitory 1.0 0.61 Exercise Center 1.0 0.88 Gymnasium 1.1 1.0 Health-care Clinic 1.0 0.87 Office 1.0 0.9
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Lighting
Lighting Control
•
Daylighting Controls for Sidelighting
–
When daylight sidelighted area exceeds 250 sqft, the
lighting should be separately controlled by at least on
multi-level photocontrol with these features:
• Light Sensor for the photocontrol shall be remote from where the calibration adjustments are made,
• The calibration adjustments shall be readily accessible, and
• Multilevel photocontrol shall reduce the electric lighting in response to available daylight with at least one control step between 50% and 70% of design lighting power and another control step that is ≤ 35% (including off) of design power.
–
Exceptions
• Tops of adjacent structures are twice as high above the windows as
their distance from the window.
• Sidelighting effective aperture (EA) < 10%
ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Lighting
Lighting Control
•
Daylighting Controls for Toplighting (Skylight or
Monitors)
–
When daylight toplighted area exceeds 900 sqft, the
lamps for general lighting shall be separately
controlled by at least one multilevel photocontrol
with these features:
• SEE PREVIOUS SLIDES REQUIREMENTS!
