QC Solution Manual Chapter 6, 6th Edition
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(2) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. Chapter 06. (a) P. P. Ri R= = 6.25 m Sample Size. 4. X= A2 0.729. D3 0. Xi = 10.325 m D4 2.282. . U CL = X + A2 R = 10.325 + 0.729 × 6.25 = 14.88 X−R Chart CL = X = 10.325 LCL = X − A2 R = 10.325 − 0.729 × 6.25 = 5.77 . U CL = D4 × R = 2.282 × 6.25 = 14.26 R Chart CL = R = 6.25 LCL = D4 × R = 0 × 6.25 = 0. The process is in-control.. 2 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani.
(3) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. Chapter 06. (b) Specs. (350V ± 5V ) σ=. The real σ can be calculated: c = C p. R d2. =. 6.25 2.059. = 3.0355. U SL − LSL 3550 − 3450 = = 5.491 6×σ 6 × 3.0355. The minimum capability index for existing processes is 1.33 (i.e., 43 ). Obviously, this process is higher (5.49 1.33). (c). 3 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani.
(4) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. Chapter 06. Question 6.15 (a) X=. 1000 72 = 20 s = = 1.44 50 50. Sample Size. 4. X −S. A3 1.628. B3 0. B4 2.266. . U CL = X + A3 R = 20 + 1.628 × 1.44 = 22.34 Chart CL = X = 10.325 LCL = X − A3 R = 205 − 1.628 × 1.44 = 17.66 S. . U CL = B4 s = 2.266 × 1.44 = 3.26 Chart CL = s = 1.44 LCL = B s = 0 × 1.44 = 0 3. (b) Natural Tolerance Limits First of all, we need to calculate the real σ: σb = (. s C4. =. 1.44 0.9213. = 1.563. U N T L = X + 3σ = 20 + 3 × 1.563 = 24.69 LN T L = X − 3σ = 20 − 3 × 1.563 = 15.31. (c) Specs Limits: 19 ± 4 U SL − LSL 23 − 15 = = 0.85 6σ 6 × 1.563 =⇒ the process is not capable!. c = C p. Cp < 1.33 (d). Pbrework = P (S > U SL) = 1 − P (X ≤ U SL) = 1 − P ( 4 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani. U SL − µ )= σb.
(5) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. = 1 − φ(. Chapter 06. 23 − 20 ) = 1 − φ(1.919) = 0.0275 = 2.75% 1.563. 15 − 20 ) = φ(−3.199) 1.563 = 1 − 0.99931 = 0.00069 ∼ = 0.069% Total: Pb = 2.75% + 0.065 ∼ = 2.8%. Pbscrap = P (X < LSL) = φ(. (e) µ = 19. PbRework = 1−φ(. 23 − 19 ) = 1−φ(2.56) = 1−0.9947 = 0.0053 = 0.53% 1.563. PbScrap = 1 − φ(. 15 − 19 ) = φ(−2.563) = 0.0053 = 53% 1.563. Total: Pb = 0.53% + 0.53% = 1.06% Centring decreased the Rework but increased the Scrap. Cost analysis should be done.. 5 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani.
(6) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. Chapter 06. Question 6.21 Spec. Limits 100 ± 10, X = 104, R = 9.3 and n=5 d2 of (n=5) = 2.236 R 9.3 = = 3.998 d2 2.326 Natural Tolerance is: 6 × σ = 6 × 3.998 = 23.99 The Tolerance limit is wider than specification limit (2 × 10 = 20). Therefore, even adjusting the centre of the process (i.e., change the mean to 100) wouldn’t meet the specification: σ=. Cbp =. U SL − LSL 110 − 90 = = 0.83 6σ 6 × 2.998. Question 6.34 X ∼ N (µx , σx ) Y ∼ N (µy , σy ). ). Independent. each sample n=5. (a) We have mx = 20 Samples and my = 10 20 X. 10 X. Rxi = 18.608. i=1. Ryi = 6.978. i=1. Estimated σx and σy ? P. Rxi 18.608 = = 0.9304 20 20 P Ryi 6.978 Ry = = = 0.6978 20 10 0.9304 0.6978 = 0.4 σby = = 0.3 σbx = 2.326 2.326 Rx =. (b) Axis must fit into the hole. Condition: P (X − Y < 0.09) = 0.006 What difference µ0 = µx − µy should be specified? 6 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani.
(7) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. Chapter 06. D = X − y (if x and y are normally distributed then D would be normally distributed too). D ∼ N (µD , σD ) q √ σb = σbx2 + σby2 = 0.42 + 0.32 = 0.5 D − µ0 0.09 − µ0 P (D < 0.09) = P < σ0 σ0 0.09 − µ0 φ σ0 . !. !. = 0.0006. 0.09 − µ0 φ(−x) = 1 − φ(x) = φ − σ0 . !. = 1 − 0.0006 = 0.994. By checking the table, the answer is 2.51. −. 0.09 − µ0 = 2.51 =⇒ µ0 = 0.09 + 2.51σD = 1.345 σ0. Question 6.41 Type II Error =⇒ alarm by at least 3rd plot point =⇒ 1 − P {no alram by 3rd sample} |. σx =. {z. }. β3. √σ n. !. U CL − µ LCL − µ φ −φ σx σx !. 104 − 98 96 − 98 √ √ φ −φ 8/ 5 8/ 5. !. !. = 0.66578 = β. 1 − β 3 = 0.7049. 7 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani.
(8) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. Question 6.42 ARL1 =. 1 1 = = 2.992 1−β 1 − 0.66578. Question 6.45 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25. Weight 16.11 16.08 16.12 16.1 16.1 16.11 16.12 16.09 16.12 16.1 16.09 16.07 16.13 16.12 16.1 16.08 16.13 16.15 16.12 16.1 16.08 16.07 16.11 16.13 16.1. P24. MR =. MRi 0.03 0.04 0.02 0 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.03. M Ri = 0.02375 24. i=1. 8 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani. Chapter 06.
(9) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. d2 = 1.128,. σb =. Chapter 06. MR 0.02375 = = 0.021055 d2 1.128. . U CL = D4 M R = 3.267 × 0.02375 = 0.07759 CL = M R = 0.02375 LCL = D3 M R = 0 LSL − µ φ σx. !. 16 − 16.1052 =φ 0.021055. !. ∼ = 3 × 10−7 ∼ = 3 × 10−5 %. . U CL = X + 3 Md2R = 16.1052 + 3 × 0.02375 = 16.1683 CL = X = 16.1052 LCL = X − 3 M R = 16.1052 + 3 × 0.02375 = 16.04204 d2. 9 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani.
(10) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control. Chapter 06. Yes, it is normally distributed. Question 6.49 x chart { U CL = 710, CL = 700 and LCL = 690 y chart { U CL = 18.08, CL = 0 and LCL = 7.979 (a) µ = x = 700,. σbx =. s 7.979 = = 8.661 C4 0.9213. (b) Specs 705 ± 15 !. U SL − µ LSL − µ = Pb = P {x < LSL}+p{x > U SL} = φ + 1−φ σbx σbx 690 − 700 . =φ. 8.661. 720 − 700. + 1−φ. 8.661. φ(−1.15) + 1 − φ(2.31) = 0.1339 ' 13.3% (c) !. U CL − µ LCL − µ P = P {X < LCL}+P {X > U CL} = φ + 1−φ σ σ. 10 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani. !.
(11) Jan Rohlén. Statistical Quality Control !. 690 − 700 710 − 700 √ √ =φ +1−φ 8.661/ 4 8.661/ 4. Chapter 06 !. = 0.0208. (d) Pb = P {X − LCL} + P {X > U CL} LCL − µ. φ 690 − 693. !. σnew. new. . U CL − µnew +1−φ σnew. 710 − 693 q √ φ +1−φ 12/ 4 12 + (4). !. !. = φ(−0.51)+1−φ(2.83) = 0.3108. (e). ARL1 =. 1 1 1 1 = = = 1−β 1 − P {notdetecting} P {detect} 0.3108. In average; after 3 points, we can expect alarm.. 11 LaTeX Typesetting by : Amirkiarash Kiani.
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