Mud Logging Introduction Without Mud Logging Knowledge

(1)

Mud Logging Technology & Services

(2)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services Mud Logging Technology & Services

(3)

z

CNLC Introduction

z

Mud Logging Introduction

z

Equipment Introduction

z

Jobs at field

(4)

China National Logging Corporation

CNLC Introduction

CNLC, providing well bore technical services in international market, mainly engaged in:

• Wireline logging, mud logging, well testing, well completion, perforating and other relevant

engineering services.

• Geophysical and Geological research & development.

(5)

Mud Logging Mud Logging Wireline Logging Wireline Logging Well Testing Reservoir evaluation

Reservoir evaluation Coiled TubingCoiled Tubing Workover Workover Acid/Fracture Acid/Fracture Perforation MWD/LWD MWD/LWD

(6)

Well Testing MWD/LWD MWD/LWD Directional Directional Drilling Drilling Reservoir Reservoir Evaluation

Evaluation Acid/ Acid/ Fracture Fracture Workover/ Completion Wireline Logging MudLogging Coiled Tubing Bore-hole Integrated Services

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

(7)

China National Logging Corporation

Where do we supply our services?

Pakistan Iran Azerbaijan Sudan Kazakhstan PetroChina Venezuela Libya Syria Algeria

(8)

(9)

China National Logging Corporation

CNLC Operation in Sudan

z

Wireline Logging: Year 1998 for GNPOC

z

Mud Logging: Year 2001 for PDOC

z

Welltesting: Year 2001 for PDOC

Now we have operation for GNPOC, PDOC

and CNPCIS.

(10)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Introduction

z

What is Mud Logging?

z

What are the Benefits of Mud Logging?

z

Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging

(11)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

What is Mud Logging?

Mud Logging provides

subsurface geological

(12)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

What is Mud Logging?

Mud Logging is the examination and analysis of

geological information

contained in formation

cuttings and drilling mud to determine if oil and

gas are encountered during drilling a well. Mud

Logging also is used to provide

critical safety

functions

such as determining pore pressures,

(13)

China National Logging Corporation

What is Mud Logging?

The service requires two to six people at the wellsite, a mobile laboratory unit, acting as the

information center for the well and m a y i n c l u d e t h e e l e c t r o n i c monitoring of drilling parameters

and third party service provider data. _{Communication}

(14)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

What are the Benefits of Mud Logging?

Mud Loggers analyze geological data and drilling parameters

to identify and quantify potentially productive hydrocarbon reserves, subsurface formation porosity and formation

fractures. Mud Loggers also analyze the drilling parameters in conjunction with the formation analysis in order to provide recommendations to improve drilling rates, reduce costs and enhance safety.

(15)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

(16)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

(17)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

(18)

China National Logging Corporation

EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY

CNLC mud logging services are focused on adding

value for our clients through the intelligent use of

quality data. People are the number one factor in

our success, however the technology and

equipment which is at their disposal has played a

very important role in building our reputation for

reliability and quality.

(19)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

Logging Unit

z Unit dimension is 8 × 2.7 × 3m

z Emergency escape hatch and double door airlock entry. z Safety system: smoke detector, poisonous gas alarm. z Two super air-conditions to maintain stable temperature

within the unit.

z Adequate working space is provided for Companyman z UPS System

(20)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

Geological Analysis

The unit contains a complete set of

geological analysis equipment including

Stereo Microscope,

Fluoroscope and some associated Parts, like sample bags, chemical, Sieves, etc.

(21)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

(22)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

Data Acquisition system

We use sensors to acquire the parameters, use on-line computers to monitor current rig activity. The unit also can transmit data in real-time to the operator’s office. An in-finite number of direct or calculated measurements can be monitored so that an alarm activates against a high, low and a rate of range.

(23)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

Logging Sensors

z Drilling Speed (ROP)

z Standpipe Pressure (SPP) z Hookload (HL, WOB)

z Rotary speed (RPM) z Rotary Torque (TRQ) z Stroke Speed (SPM) z Mud Flow out (MFO)

z Mud Temperate in/out (MTI/MTO)

z Mud Conductivity in/out (MCI/MCO) z Mud Weight in/out (MWI/MWO)

z Pit Volume z H2S

(24)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

Drilling Speed (ROP)

Rotary speed / Pump

Stroke Rate Sensor

(25)

Rotary Torque Sensor

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

(26)

Mud Flow out

China National Logging Corporation

(27)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Weight in/out

(28)

Suction tank

Mud Logging unit

Mud temperature Mud Density Mud Conductivity Pit Level Mud temperature Mud Density Mud Conductivity Pit Level Pit Level Pit Level Pit Level Pump gas Pump Rate Depth Trace Standpipe pressure Hookload Rotary Table Rotary Torque

Mud Flow out

mud

Sensors

Position

(29)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

Chromatographs and Gas detectors

All mud logging units of CNLC use FID detector to detect hydrocarbon which are acquired from mud following in the ditch. This detector have high accuracy and sensitivity. Meanwhile, we use the integrator or wintegratortor automatically calculate acquiring digital total gas and chromatograph data for display, print, plot and storage.

(30)

China National Logging Corporation

(31)

China National Logging Corporation

Jobs at Field

1. Working crew

2. Formation Evaluation

(32)

China National Logging Corporation

Working Crew

z Sample Catcher z Mud Logger

(33)

China National Logging Corporation

Sample Catcher

z Collect and wash samples as specified interval. z Pack and label ditch cutting samples

z Make ready of cloth bags enough for next shift. z Clean the floor of the unit and keep it clear

z Do other things specified by the team leader and

(34)

China National Logging Corporation

Mud logger

z Lithology Description;

z Update Materlog and reports;

z Lag time check when necessary;

z Help the data engineer to monitor real time data

(35)

China National Logging Corporation

Data Engineer

z Analyzes drilling and logging data;

z Documents probable, hydrocarbon rich pay

zones;

z As Team leader, to communicate with

representative of Oil company and third parts companies.

(36)

China National Logging Corporation

2. Formation Evaluation

z Build the formation profile of the well location,

get the first-hand message of the formation

z Continuous total gas and chromatograph

(37)

China National Logging Corporation

Lithology Description:

Sandstone: color, fabric, grain size, roundness, sphericity, sorting, cementing, mineral, porosity, oil shows.

Claystone: color, fabric, hardness, tenacity, rough calcimetry.

(38)

China National Logging Corporation

Examples:

SST(70%): lt gy, v f-f gr, occ med gr, subang- subrnd, mod w srt, qtz, p-fr vis por, wi tr-5% blu wh fluor, 10％ strmg bl wh cut, no cut color, no res, p oil show.

CLYST(30%): lt gy-med gy, occ dk gy, subblky-blky, mod hd, sl calc.

(39)

China National Logging Corporation

Lithology Description:

From the Lithology description, we can know the following information of this formation:

z Depositional environment (oxidizing

environment / reducing environment)

z Porosity and permeability (big or small)

(40)

China National Logging Corporation

(41)

Grain size card:

China National Logging Corporation

(42)

China National Logging Corporation

Color

Chart

(43)

China National Logging Corporation

(44)

Cuttings by

Microscope

porosity Cement Poorly porosity

China National Logging Corporation

(45)

China National Logging Corporation

Hydrocarbon Evaluation

The order of hydrocarbon shows description is:

z Odor (type and strength)

z Oil stain or bleeding (distribution, intensity, color) z Sample fluorescence (percentage, intensity, color)

z Cut color fluorescence (speed, character, intensity and color) z Cut color and intensity

(46)

China National Logging Corporation

Oil Shows Description:

z

Oil stain:

percentage, type, color

z

Directly fluorescence:

percentage, color,

intensity.

z

Cut fluorescence:

speed, patten, color.

z

Residue:

percentage, type.

(47)

China National Logging Corporation

Odor

Odor may range from heavy, characteristic of low gravity oil, to light and penetrating, for condensate. Some dry gases

have no odor. Report its strength as good, fair or faint.

Staining and Bleeding

The amount of oil staining on cuttings and cores is primarily a function of the distribution of the porosity and the oil

distribution within the pores. The color of the stain is related to oil gravity. Heavy oil stains tend to be a dark brown, while light oil stains tend to be colorless.

(48)

China National Logging Corporation

(49)

China National Logging Corporation

Sample fluorescence

Color

: from brown through green, gold, blue,

yellow, to white; in most instances, the

heavier oils have darker fluorescence.

Distribution

: even, spotted, or mottled

(50)

China National Logging Corporation

Cut fluorescence under UV box

Solvent:

Chloroform

(51)

China National Logging Corporation

Solvent Cut Fluorescence

z Cut speed: an indication of both the solubility of the

oil and the permeability of the sample.

z Cut nature: the solvent with dissolved oil may occur

in uniform, streaming or blooming. A streaming cut also indicates low oil mobility.

z Cut color and intensity: After observing the sample

under UV light observe the sample under natural light. The cut color observed in natural light is just called cut color (example: very light brown cut color or no cut color).

(52)

China National Logging Corporation

Cut Residue:

The solvent dissolves rapidly under the heat of the UV light, sometimes leaving a residue of oil around the

cutting on the spot plate. The true color of the oil can then be observed. The intensity and opacity of color, especially of the residue, is an indicator of the oil

(53)

China National Logging Corporation

Another way to analysis hydrocarbon bearing

-- Gas Analysis

If the formation bear the hydrocarbon, when the

bit crash the formation, the hydrocarbon inside

will flow out and mix with mud. Use the special

equipment it can be broken the hydrocarbon

away from the mud and analysis inside the unit.

(See

Drilling.AVI)

(54)

China National Logging Corporation

(55)

China National Logging Corporation

Gas Analysis:

Degasser

(at gas trap)

Gas line

_{Chromatography}

(in unit)

Computer Recorder

Sample pump

(56)

China National Logging Corporation

(57)

Gas analysis process:

China National Logging Corporation

(58)

Gas analysis process:

(59)

China National Logging Corporation

2.5s

(60)

(61)

(62)

China National Logging Corporation

3. Monitoring For Safety Drilling

z Real time acquisition, processing and recording

drilling parameter

z Real time alphanumeric & graphic data display for

safety drilling

z Real time monitor and recording the mud properties

(63)

China National Logging Corporation

Engineering Parameters to log:

z Total Depth z ROP z WOH z Hook speed z Hook height z WOB z RPM z Rotary Torque z Standpipe press z Wellhead press. z SPM & total z Pump strokes z Lag time z Flow in/out z Temp in/out

z Mud Weight in/out z Resistively in/out z Conductivity in/out z Mud volumes

z Total gas and chromatography z H2S / CO2

z -Exponent

(64)

Drilling

Real-time

monitor plo

(65)

Difficult Hole Condition：

z Mud loss (MFO ↘, pit volume ↘, SPP↘)

z Kick off (MFO ↗, pit volume ↗ , Gas ↗) z Wear out (SPP↘)

z Bit teeth worn out (TRQ) z Tight hole (Hookload)

China National Logging Corporation

(66)

(67)

China National Logging Corporation

Stands

No.

Trip tank Vol.

(m

3

)

Theo. Disp.

(m3)

Cumm. Theo.

Disp. (m3)

Act. Disp.

(m3)

Cumm. Act.

Disp. (m3)

Mud Loss/Gain

(m3)

Cumm. Loss/gain

(m3)

0

0.5

0

5

0.93

0.51

0.43

0.43 -0.08

-0.08

10

1.38

0.51

1.02

0.45

0.88 -0.06

-0.14

15

1.83

0.51

1.53

0.45

1.33 -0.06

-0.2

20

2.27

0.51

2.04

0.44

1.77 -0.07

-0.27

25

2.66

0.51

2.55

0.39

2.16 -0.12

-0.39

30

3.15

0.51

3.06

0.49

2.65 -0.02

-0.41

(68)

Trip monitor sheet

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0 10 20 30 40 Stands Mud volume Theo. Act.

China National Logging Corporation

(69)

Wherever we go

Whatever we do

whoever we serve

It is

Perfection

_Perfection

that we pursue

China National Logging Corporation

(70)