THE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS

THE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS

The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) administers U.S.

Department of Agriculture (USDA) Child Nutrition Programs including:

•

School Nutrition Programs



National School Lunch Program (NSLP)



School Breakfast Program (SBP)



Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP)



Special Milk Program (SMP)



Seamless Summer Option (SSO)

•

Community Nutrition Programs



Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)



Summer Food Service Program (SFSP)

•

Food Distribution Program (FDP)

OSPI Child Nutrition Services Contacts:

•

Leanne Eko, RD, SNS, Director of Child Nutrition Services

[email protected] | 360–725–0410

•

Wendy Barkley, RD, SNS, Assistant Director of Child Nutrition Services

[email protected] | 360–725–0433

•

Liz Beechler, RDN, School Nutrition Programs Supervisor

[email protected] | 360

–

725

–

6220

•

Mary Nagel, Community Nutrition Programs Supervisor

[email protected] | 360

–

725

–

6218

•

Marlon Hopkins, Food Distribution Programs Supervisor

Child Nutrition Services Mission Statement

Assist school districts and other institutions in providing quality nutrition

programs that promote life-long, healthy living while providing nutritious

meals each day that prepare children for learning.

Goals

•

To provide leadership for the child nutrition meal programs through

administration, assistance, and advocacy.

•

To manage program resources for the benefit of recipients.

•

To incorporate nutrition education in all phases of services.

•

To promote strong agency cooperation, interaction, and

communication.

Please see our Achieving Program Goals for 2019

–

20 on page 4.

For additional data, information, or copies of this booklet please visit

https://www.k12.wa.us/policy-funding/child-nutrition.

Disclaimer: Statistics represent a snapshot in time, data is subject to

change.

CONTENTS

ACHIEVING PROGRAM GOALS... 4

School Year 2019–20 Highlights ... 4

COVID-19 IMPACTS ON CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS ... 5

NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH AND SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAMS ... 6

FREE AND REDUCED-PRICE ELIGIBILITY ... 7

Meals Served in the NSLP and SBP ... 7

FEDERAL REIMBURSEMENT FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS ... 8

School Year 2019–20 ... 8

LOCAL SUPPORT FOR SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS ... 9

STATE INITATIVES AND SUPPORT FOR CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS .. 10

COMMUNITY ELIGIBILITY PROVISION ... 11

Community Eligibility Provision in Washington ... 11

Participation in School Year 2020–21 ... 12

FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROGRAM ... 13

Participation in School Year 2020–21 ... 13

FARM TO SCHOOL PROGRAM ... 13

SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM ... 14

Participation in School Year 2019–20 and Summer 2020 ... 14

SEAMLESS SUMMER OPTION ... 15

Participation in School Year 2019–20 and Summer 2020 ... 15

SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM ... 16

CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM ... 17

Participation in Program Year 2019–20 ... 17

AT-RISK AFTERSCHOOL MEALS ... 19

Participation in School Year 2019–20 ... 19

ACHIEVING PROGRAM GOALS

School Year (SY) 2019–20 Highlights

♦ Delivered weekly webinars to provide USDA updates and support operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

♦ Partnered with the Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) to administer Pandemic EBT (P-EBT) to over 400,000 children in Washington state.

♦ Adjusted USDA Food Distribution orders and procured individually wrapped items to support schools in providing grab and go meals.

♦ Delivered 55 trainings reaching over 900 program operators.

♦ Awarded USDA Team Nutrition Grant to promote scratch cooking using local and culturally diverse foods.

♦ Supported statewide Farm to School coordination efforts and lead the development and provision of Farm to Early Childcare Education (ECE) training.

COVID-19 IMPACTS ON CHILD NUTRITION

PROGRAMS

Beginning in March 2020, Washington schools were closed to in-person instruction through the remainder of the school year in response to the growing COVID-19 pandemic. School districts utilized U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) waivers and implemented the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). Operating SFSP and utilizing other waivers allowed schools to offer free meals to all children, at all meal sites.

Although USDA waivers and school district efforts allowed for maximum meal distribution, the number of meals served was still less than if students would have been in school.

OSPI CNS created the COVID-19 Impacts to Meals Served Handout to give details about how the pandemic impacted the programs we operate.

NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH AND SCHOOL

BREAKFAST PROGRAMS

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP) promote the health and well-being of children by providing nutritious meals.

Who Operates School Nutrition Programs?

School nutrition programs can be operated by public and nonprofit private schools and residential child care institutions (RCCIs). Washington law requires public schools serving grades 1

–

4 that have 25% or more students qualified for free or reduced-price lunch to implement a school lunch program (RCW 28A.235.160 (2)). Public schools with 40% or more students qualified for free or reduced-price lunches are required to implement a school breakfast program (RCW 28A.235.160 (3)).

 _{346 local education agencies (LEAs) in Washington state participated in the} NSLP/SBP at the beginning of the 2019

–

20 school year. These LEAs included:

• _{281 public school districts} • _{29 RCCIs}

• _{24 private schools} • _{8 charter schools}

Local Education Agencies Statistics for October 2020*

In response to the public health emergency, the USDA authorized the operation of the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) or the NSLP Seamless Summer Option (SSO). Waivers allowed access to these meals at no cost. LEAs had the choice to utilize these waivers and operate SFSP/SSO or continue operating NSLP in school year 2020

–

21.

Entity

Type SFSP SSO SFSP/SSO Total

Community 23* 0 23 Charter 5 4 9 Private 2 0 2 School Districts 254 12 266 Total 284 16 300

* includes 4 Tribes that do not traditionally operate NSLP

Entity Type # of NSLP _Operators

RCCI 27

Charter 1

Private 8

School Districts 17

FREE AND REDUCED-PRICE ELIGIBILITY

All students are encouraged to participate in the school meal programs. The USDA income eligibility guidelines for school meals are intended to direct benefits to children most in need. These guidelines are based on the federal income poverty guidelines and are revised annually.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the USDA allowed SY2019

–

20 eligibility to be rolled over to SY2020

–

21. Therefore, SY2020

–

21 data includes the following:

• ₂₀₂₀

–

_{21 directly certified students.}

• ₂₀₂₀

–

_{21 eligible students via meal applications.}

• ₂₀₁₉

–

_{20 eligible students not captured in the above two categories.}

Year EligibleFree * Eligible Reduced ** Students # of *** Free % Reduced %

2016

–

17 405,921 71,165 1,097,705 37% 6%

2017

–

18 396,664 73,061 1,107,153 36% 7%

2018

–

19 406,941 75,861 1,111,411 37% 7%

2019

–

20 404,431 77,463 1,113,662 36% 7%

2020

–

21 410,889 68,369 1,041,604 39% 7%

*Free ≤ 130% of federal poverty guidelines

**Reduced-price ≤ 185% of federal poverty guidelines *** Represents students enrolled with access to school meals

Meals Served in the NSLP and SBP

The chart below represents the number of meals/snacks reimbursed to participating schools during the month of October 2020. Data from October is significantly lower due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many schools closed in March 2020 and changed to Summer Programs.

Year Breakfast Lunch Snack

October 2016 3,746,010 9,754,598 196,423

October 2017 3,903,944 10,049,905 173,311

October 2018 3,923,152 10,086,002 177,235

October 2019 4,489,619 10,624,638 151,027

October 2020* _{41,663 57,233 5,854}

FEDERAL REIMBURSEMENT FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL

MEAL PROGRAMS

Federal dollars are used to reimburse districts for each meal served. Reimbursement per meal rates are set annually by USDA. Reimbursement rates are posted on the

CNS Claims, Fiscal Information and Resources webpage.

School Year 2019–20

The chart below shows a decrease in federal funding for SY2019

–

20. This decrease is due to the COVID-19 pandemic, where funds were dispersed to the SFSP. Additional information about SFSP funding is on page 14.

Year Breakfast Lunch

2015

–

16 $55,891,844 $201,787,929 2016

–

17 $55,524,362 $199,658,932 2017

–

18 $57,388,128 $199,629,727 2018

–

19 $59,322,322 $204,746,035 2019

–

20 $45,557,912 $137,735,014

LOCAL SUPPORT FOR SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS

The following chart shows revenue sources utilized to support school meal programs. Many LEAs must provide local levy funding for the operation of their school meal programs.

In March 2020, schools experienced a decrease in participation resulting in decreased federal and local revenue and an increased operation costs for Child Nutrition Programs. Increased costs likely included the purchase of personal protective equipment, meal delivery expenses, cost of packaging meals, individual serving items, and substitute labor. In addition to covering additional costs with local levy dollars, schools had the option to useElementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) funds to cover expenses related to COVID-19.

Fiscal Year Funding State Local Levy Local Sales Funding Federal

2019 1.8% 4.9% 26.4% 67.0%

2020 2.0% 10.9% 23.3% 63.8%

*Local Levy: This is based on total direct food service expenditures only. It does not include Summer Food Service Program and Child and Adult Care Food Program expenditures, or indirect costs.

STATE INITATIVES AND SUPPORT FOR CHILD

NUTRITION PROGRAMS

Direct Support

For SY2019

–

20, the Washington State Legislature appropriated $7.1 million in support of Child Nutrition Programs. Due to COVID-19 and schools operating the SFSP and SSO at the end of the school year, support by category was adjusted.

Elimination of reduced-price breakfast co-pay: $736,691 Elimination of reduced-price lunch co-pay (K-3): $675,034 Free and reduced-price breakfast assistance: $3,173,561 State Match - Summer Food Service Program: $2,124,407 Breakfast Meals for Kids Grants: $194,666 Summer Food Service Program Assistance: $204,885

Total $7,109,244

Initiatives

Breakfast After the Bell (BAB)

The Washington Kids Ready to Learn Act of 2018 requires schools with a free and reduced-price percentage of 70% or greater to implement Breakfast After the Bell (BAB). As a result, 389 schools operated BAB during the first year of implementation. Breakfast After the Bell allows all students the opportunity to eat a nutritious breakfast after the start of the school day, ensuring that they are ready to learn. School closures and virtual learning have paused BAB implementation in SY2020

–

21.

Seated Lunch Duration

Following a performance audit from the State Auditor’s Office, OSPI is reviewing practices and rules around seated lunch durations. The performance audit concluded that Washington schools are not meeting the best practice of ensuring students have 20 minutes of seat time to eat lunch.

As directed by a 2019 budget proviso, OSPI is conducting a two-year pilot program to gather barriers and best practices to reaching twenty minutes of seat time. The pilot program, scheduled to conclude in 2021, will resume when the pilot schools resume in-person learning.

Hunger-Free Students Bill of Rights

The Washington State Legislature passed the Hunger Free Students’ Bill of Rights Act during the 2018 legislative session. This law requires districts to clearly communicate their meal charge policy to families, not overtly identify students receiving free or reduced-price meals, and implement measures to ensure eligible students receive meal benefits.

COMMUNITY ELIGIBILITY PROVISION (CEP)

The Community Eligibility Provision provides an alternative approach for offering school meals in low-income areas.

Beginning in SY2014

–

15, CEP allowed the nation’s highest poverty schools and districts to serve breakfast and lunch at no cost to all enrolled students. Schools that adopt CEP are reimbursed using a formula based on the percentage of students directly certified for free meals. Programs and statuses for which eligibility can be directly certified include:

• Students receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits

• Students receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) • Students receiving Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations

(FDPIR)

• Students receiving migrant education services • Students experiencing Homelessness

• _{Students participating in Head Start programs} • _{Students in Foster Care}

Schools participating in CEP benefit from a reduction in administrative tasks and increased participation in the school meal programs. Participation in CEP also helps to decrease the stigma associated with meal benefits and eliminates meal charge debt.

Community Eligibility Provision in Washington

Starting in SY2021

–

22, elementary schools in Washington state with an Identified Student Percentage (ISP) of 62.5% or greater are required to participate in the CEP. The ISP is the proportion of “identified students,” out of total enrolled students, who are directly certified for free school meals through means other than a household application.

Most schools in this high-ISP range already operate CEP. Schools with higher ISPs participate at a higher rate. Currently 80% of schools with an ISP of 55% or greater operate the program.

Participation in School Year 2020–21

Schools approved to participate for SY2020

–

21 represent the largest increase since CEP became available in Washington state. In typical operations, 160,000 students have access to meals in CEP schools. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most school districts are utilizing USDA waivers to serve free meals to all students in their communities under the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP).

77 163 192 232 273 319 398 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

CEP Growth - Schools

# of Schools 25 46 52 66 72 89 102 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

CEP Growth - Districts

FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROGRAM

The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP), funded by the USDA, provides students in participating schools with a fresh fruit or vegetable snack during the school day. The FFVP introduces students to a variety of produce that they might not otherwise experience.

Schools eligible to participate must:

•

_{Be inclusive of elementary aged students;}

•

_{Participate in the National School Lunch Program; and,}

•

_{Have 50% or more free and reduced-price eligibility.}

The FFVP is an annual application-based program. Schools with the highest free and reduced-price percentages are awarded.

Participation in School Year 2020–21

USDA flexibilities allow the FFVP to operate outside of the school day due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In SY2020

–

21, FFVP is offered in 68 districts with a total of 195 sites.

Trends in the FFVP

School Year # of Schools # of Students Total USDA Funding

2016

–

17 163 75,159 $3,447,502

2017

–

18 151 69,760 $3,651,830

2018

–

19 151 70,639 $3,604,715

2019

–

20 171 76,528 $4,074,772

2020

–

21 195 82,954 $4,311,370

FARM TO SCHOOL PROGRAM

Local agriculture plays an important role in Child Nutrition Programs in Washington state. Learning about where food comes from and getting to taste local foods in school meals promotes lifelong healthy eating and supports local farmers. OSPI works to promote, provide training, and recognize schools’ and institutions’ efforts in Farm to School. OSPI is represented on the Washington Farm to School Network

SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM

In traditional Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) operations, the program provides meals to children during summer when school is not in session, typically end of May

–

August.

Programs operate in areas where 50% or more of the children are in households at or below 185% of the federal poverty level and feed children age 18 and younger. Sponsors may serve a maximum of two meals per day, which includes snacks as a meal choice.

Who Operates SFSP?

 _{School Districts/Private Schools}  _{Private Nonprofit Organizations}  _{Indian Tribes}

 _{City and County Governments}

 _{Colleges/Universities and Upward Bound Programs}  _{Residential Camps}

School Year 2019–20 and Summer 2020

In response to COVID-19, schools and other sponsors were able to operate SFSP in more sites by using multiple USDA waivers and a variety of meal distribution methods. This resulted in more meals being served during the unanticipated school closure and throughout the summer months.

Year Breakfast Lunch Snacks Supper Sponsors # of # of Sites

2015

–

16 405,002 1,253,562 267,486 21,138 155 928

2016

–

17 379,356 1,164,593 256,923 19,801 154 910

2017

–

18 448,561 1,186,459 228,136 18,537 152 934

2018

–

19 391,065* 1,129,112* 222,776* 19,574 162 951 2019

–

20** _{20,111,973 20,541,114 152,667 32,372 308 1,768}

*Number of meals served is lower in part due to inclement weather during the school year, resulting in a shorter summer with fewer operating days.

**Due to COVID-19 pandemic, 2019

–

20 data reflects March

–

September 2020.

SEAMLESS SUMMER OPTION

The Seamless Summer Option (SSO) is an extension of the NSLP and SBP. Schools operate the SSO in areas where 50% or more of the children are in households at or below 185% of the federal poverty level and feed children age 18 and younger. Meal sites may be in school and non-school settings such as community centers, Boys and Girls Clubs, and YMCAs. Schools have the option to operate the SSO or the SFSP.

Many schools that historically participated in SSO have transitioned to SFSP.

School Year 2019–20 and Summer 2020

In response to COVID-19, schools and other sponsors were able to operate SSO in more sites using multiple USDA waivers and a variety of meal distribution methods. This resulted in more meals being served during the unanticipated school closure and throughout the summer months.

Trends in SSO Participation

Year Breakfast Lunch Snacks Sponsors # of # of Sites

2015

–

16 29,497 100,632 16,732 27 68

2016

–

17 20,397 78,496 8,196 18 51

2017

–

18 24,826 75,388 4,247 21 52

2018

–

19 15,714 58,333 2,269 15 43

SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM

The Special Milk Program (SMP) was established to offer milk in settings where students do not have access to school meal programs.

The SMP provides reimbursement for milk served to children in schools, child care institutions, and summer camps that do not participate in other Child Nutrition Programs. During SY2019

–

20, a total of 39 sponsors participated in the program including:

• _{31 private schools} • _{4 summer camps} • _{3 public schools} • _{1 child care center}

Year # of Milks Reimbursement Amount

2015

–

16 1,121,395 $224,375

2016

–

17 1,052,725 $208,498

2017

–

18 1,041,980 $205,590

2018

–

19 944,982 $189,435

2019

–

20* _{415,200 $82,475}

*Summer camp participation in the SMP decreased significantly in SY2019

–

20 due to COVID-19.

CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM

The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) provides federal funds to nonresidential child and adult care facilities to serve nutritious meals and snacks. The goal of the CACFP is to improve and maintain the health and nutritional status of children and adults in care, while promoting the development of good eating habits.

Who Operates CACFP?

• Nonresidential child care centers • Licensed public or private centers • Nonprofit child care centers • Family day care homes • Head Start

• Homeless shelters

• Early Childhood Educational Assistance Program (ECEAP) • Outside-school-hours programs

• Area-eligible at-risk centers

• Eligible proprietary child care and adult care centers

Program Year 2019–20

In March, many family day care homes and child care centers temporarily closed or began providing limited childcare services. Meals served decreased dramatically as children stayed at home with teleworking or furloughed parents.

As result of the economic climate, many centers have closed indefinitely or permanently. Children no longer enrolled in childcare programs have been able to access meals through local schools or community sponsored SFSP sites.

As districts return to school in remote or hybrid learning models, child care centers and afterschool care programs are filling the need to provide all day care and remote learning support for school-age children. This has placed a financial strain on the institutions that are now providing larger quantities of food to school-aged children, while continuing to function at a lower capacity.

Breakdown of CACFP Sponsors in Program Year 2019–20

Institution Type # of Institutions # of Sites Sponsored

Independent Centers & Sponsors 595 1,504

Year Meals Served Snacks Served # of Sponsors _Sites # of 2015

–

16 16,222,227 10,807,023 614 1,435 2016

–

17 16,319,617 10,748,586 621 1,487 2017

–

18 16,554,312 10,789,833 615 1,517 2018

–

19 16,245,711 10,657,576 608 1,517 2019

–

20 11,202,896 7,434,229 601 1,515

Family Day Care Homes

Year Meals Served Snacks Served # of Sponsors Sites # of

2015

–

16 5,210,657 3,282,592 11 2,175 2016

–

17 4,818,907 3,033,811 9 1,920 2017

–

18 4,384,212 2,755,233 8 1,731 2018

–

19 3,978,997 2,452,735 8 1,587 2019

–

20 3,287,680 1,980,964 8 1,462 1,380 1,400 1,420 1,440 1,460 1,480 1,500 1,520 1,540 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

# of CACFP Sites

# of Sites

AT-RISK AFTERSCHOOL MEALS

The At-Risk Afterschool Meals component of the CACFP offers federal funding to afterschool programs that serve a meal and/or snack to children in low-income areas during the school year.

Sponsors eligible to participate must:

•

_{Be organized primarily to provide afterschool care for children.}

•

_{Be located in the attendance area of a school where at least 50% of the}

enrolled children are eligible for free and reduced-price meals.

•

_{Include education or enrichment activities.}

Participation in School Year 2019–20

The At-Risk Afterschool component of the CACFP traditionally operates during the school year and provides meals and snacks to children after the school day has ended or on non-school days. In addition to providing healthy meals, sites offer enrichment or educational activities to all children.

Currently, at-risk meals and snacks are being provided to enrolled children in onsite care or as “grab and go” meals to those in remote or hybrid learning settings. A total of 49 school districts sponsor the At-Risk Afterschool Meals component of the CACFP. There has been a steady increase of districts sponsoring this program, though participation has declined this year due to the closure of schools and afterschool programs.

Year # of School District Sponsors # of Sponsors (non-district) # of Meals Served for School Year Total Reimbursement Amounts 2015

–

16 28 117 2,207,524 $4,494,070 2016

–

17 32 111 2,388,573 $5,320,878 2017

–

18 37 108 2,249,757 $5,224,636 2018

–

19 40 107 2,480,345 $5,812,126 2019

–

20 49 101 1,630,415 $3,912,653

0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM

School districts, private schools, and residential child care institutions that participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) are eligible to receive food purchased by USDA. The OSPI Child Nutrition Services Food Distribution Program coordinates the delivery, storage, and contracting of USDA Foods.

Entitlement Allocation

The USDA Foods Program provides foods such as fruit and vegetables, poultry, eggs, other meat items, nuts, grains, oils, and cheese. NSLP sponsors receive an entitlement of $0.37 per Total Lunches Served during the previous school year.

Types of Food

• USDA Direct Foods - Products purchased by USDA for delivery to schools. This

includes unprocessed and minimally processed products, as well as “value-added” items.

• Washington State Processed USDA Foods – Allows states to contract with

commercial food processors to convert raw bulk USDA Foods into more convenient, ready-to-use end products.

• _{DoD Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program - Allows schools to use USDA Foods} entitlement dollars to buy fresh, U.S. grown produce. The program is operated by the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) at the Department of Defense.

Value of USDA Foods Distributed in Washington

Year Value of USDA _Foods

2016

–

17 $29,393,264 2017

–

18 $30,454,455 2018

–

19 $29,019,965 2019

–

20 $30,852,478 2020

–

21 $32,209,655

NONDISCRIMINATION STATEMENT

In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA.

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g. Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.), should contact the Agency (State or local) where they applied for benefits. Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing or have speech disabilities may contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English.

To file a program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, (AD-3027) found online at: How to File a

Complaint, and at any USDA office, or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by:

(1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: [email protected].

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