Landscape and Planting
D1
These guidelines are DETE specific
Preface
This document is a part of the DETE Facilities Design Standards and Guidelines document.
It has been produced jointly by the Department for Administrative and Information Services and the Department of Education, Training and Employment with the following
purposes:-− To provide a reference for the selection and location of plant and tree species for educational facilities.
This guide is located within the Standards and Guidelines document as follows.
P PLANNING GUIDELINES P1 General
P2 Children’s Services Centre P3 Primary/Junior Primary School P4 Secondary School
P5 Area School P6 Special Education P7 TAFE
D DESIGN GUIDELINES D1 Landscape and Planting D2 Relocatable Buildings D3 Environmental Design D4 Disability Access D5 Shade Structures
D6 Heating, Cooling & Ventilation
S STANDARDS S1 Introduction S2 Buildings
S3 Fixtures, Fittings and Furniture S4 Acoustics
S5 Heating, Cooling & Ventilation S6 Exhaust Ventilation S7 Fire Protection S8 Hydraulics S9 Electrical Services S10 Structural S11 Civil Siteworks S12 References
R REFERENCE DOCUMENTS R1 Standard Detail Drawings R2 Building Details
R3 New Schools-Heating/Cooling Options R4 Existing Schools – Heating/Cooling Upgrades R5 Alternative Technologies –Heating/Cooling/
Ventilation Options R6 Exhaust Systems R7 Underground Oil Tanks
D1
Landscape and Planting
CONTENTS
1.1
Introduction
1.1.1 Purpose 1.1.2 Landscape Design 1.1.3 Plant Selection 1.1.4 Planting Guide 1.1.5 Maintenance1.2
Suitable Plants
1.2.1 Trees 1.2.2 Shrubs 1.2.3 Ground Covers 1.2.4 Climbing Plants1.3
Plants not Recommended
1.3.1 Purpose 1.3.2 Management
1.3.3 Species Not Recommended
1.4
Plants not Permitted
1.4.1 Purpose
These guidelines are DETE specific
D1
Landscape and Planting Guide
D1.1
1.1
Introduction
1.1.1. PurposeThe purpose of this document is to state some simple design and selection criteria and present them in the form of guidelines which will maximise the benefits of trees, shrubs and ground cover in schools, while minimising risk and maintenance issues.
Success comes from the ability to put the right plant in the right location.
1.1.2 Landscape Design
The design of the outdoor spaces is a specialist activity as important as the design of indoor spaces.
Plants should be an integral part of the outdoor spaces of all educational institutions.
The selection of plants needs to be carefully considered, and later sections given detailed advice on appropriate plant selection.
Not all trees respond well in the built environment and some have an adverse effect on buildings, paving, underground services, overhead cables and neighbouring properties. Trees should not be planted where they can adversely affect their surroundings over their life into maturity.
To fulfil a shade need it may be preferable to erect a shade structure such as a pergola or verandah.
Tree and shrub selection should consider student supervision and surveillance. No vegetation should exist in the zone from about one metre to two metres above ground level.
Trees with a natural canopy which starts two metres above the ground at maturity are the most appropriate.
Trees should not be planted closer than their mature spread to buildings and be kept clear of paths, underground services and boundaries.
Trees on reactive soil sites should not be planted closer to buildings or boundaries than two and one-half times their mature height. Deciduous trees can be used to allow winter sun to penetrate particular areas, whereas evergreen trees provide shade all year. If trees are intended to provide shade their best location is an arc from north-east by east to north-west by west.
For complete canopy closure, trees should be planted slightly less than one mature diameter from each other.
1.1.3 Plant Selection
Plants are best chosen to fulfil one or more particular functions, which can be covered under the following headings:
Climate Modification
− provide shade and protection against sun and wind.
− reduce air movement and help control dust movement
− help reduce air temperature through natural evaporative cooling.
− contribute to the carbon dioxide/oxygen cycle.
−
Visual quality
− define, separate or link spaces
− provide appropriate screening
Environmental Considerations
− introduce the natural environment into school grounds.
− highlight seasonal changes
− provide a habitat for birds.
The process requires selecting the most appropriate plants and locations. Plants should have sufficient space in which to fully develop the characteristics for which they were chosen.
The plant lists that follow identify suitable and unsuitable plants for educational institutions, in Metropolitan Adelaide. The lists are not exhaustive but the suitable plants are generally ones which require minimum maintenance and are largely free of the most common plant failings.
Australian native plants are often promoted as being ‘low
maintenance’, and they are in their local natural environment. To perform optimally in a built up environment however they do need water and nutrients, and judicious pruning at times.
The most appropriate plants are those that come from or do well in the local soil and climate.
It is generally accepted that the smaller plant size, the more
successful its establishment will be. The larger the plant, the greater the likelihood of root damage, and thus the larger the pause in plant growth.
Tube-stock or plants no taller than 1 metre are recommended. Sometimes it is tempting to buy large plants for initial effect. If this is done, then expect a slower growth rate in the plants early years, whose growth could be overtaken by smaller specimens.
When selecting a suitable tree, it should have a single stem which should be firm for its size, and not whippy.
When selecting a shrub, the canopy should be similar in form to the adult plant. The canopy of either tree or shrub should be well balanced and showing new leaves or leaf-buds.
These guidelines are DETE specific
Plants should appear vigorous, in good health and have been well cared for. Those which are in poor condition and what may appear to be bargains could be suspect.
1.1.4 Planting Guide
Trees and shrubs should be planted upright and in a reasonably well drained area free of competition from other plants, lawn and weeds. Ensure minimum damage is done to the roots during planting. Plants should be planted when the soil is warm and moist,
temperature mild and no risk of frost. Autumn is the ideal time, with Spring next.
Ensure that the soil in the planting area is loose and free of weeds. Cultivate to break up heavy clay and add gypsum.
Do not create a smooth sided hole as the roots will have difficulty spreading into the surrounding soil.
Spread the roots from the root ball, plant in the hole and firm the soil down and around the plant. Water well to help compact the soil.
Mulching
Mulching is an important means of reducing water loss from evaporation, and reducing weed competition. Much can be any organic material such as wood chips or straw. Mulch on garden areas generally should be a material that does not get spread around or blown away easily Wood chip and shaving mulches are available that mat together well. Mulch should be 50-75mm deep.
Fertilising
For new plants, a slow release fertiliser spread on top of the soil is preferred.
Watering
Plants need regular watering in the first two years to ensure their establishment. Special arrangements need to be made during school holiday periods.
If the root system of young plants dry out, they will die.
Staking
Staking is not recommended to support a tree, as it should be allowed to develop freely to resist wind forces. If it is necessary in some locations, then three stakes with a loose bracing of the tree to allow movement is preferred.
Stakes and mesh surrounds can be used to protect young plants from damage from mowers and vandalism.
Consider the local circumstances, as stakes can be used for inappropriate purposes.
1.1.5 Maintenance
It is recommended that the school establish a diary or log book (incorporated into the Facilities Management Plan) to list all routine and seasonal tasks required to maintain the site landscape in peak condition.
Include such items
as:-− fertilising regimes
− nursery and landscape material suppliers and prices
− tool and equipment maintenance requirements
− list plant failures for future reference
− list storm damage and insect attacks
− include a site planting plan with all plants identified
The following check list of grounds maintenance work can be used as a
guide:-Generally
− regularly clean up leaves, branches, berries and needles especially from paths and stormwater channels.
− inspect gutters, down-pipes and sumps and clear blockages.
− check for leaks from taps and irrigation system.
− report vandalism and graffiti as it arises
− consider student traffic patterns and adjust paths to suit, if possible.
− examine steps and ramps and paving for occupational, health and safety requirements.
Oval and Grass Areas
− water to provide a safe playing surface, being careful not to over or under-water.
− consider replacing grassed areas with mulch to reduce water use and maintenance where not specifically required to be grass.
− core and tyne playing field every three years.
− fertilise, top-dress and treat for weeds regularly.
− check sprinkler operation and ensure head to head coverage.
− be aware of potential for bee stings from clover flowers and reduce clover content, if a problem.
Garden Areas
− ensure mulch cover is maintained.
− ensure a regular regime of weed removal before they become established.
− remove nuisance tree and bush limbs.
− remove dead and dying plants.
− consider the life span of plants and plan a replanting program in advance of their removal.
− paths should be clear from intruding foliage.
− keep plants with significant pollen production away from paths to avoid upsetting those susceptible to their effects.
Trees and Shrubs
− have a tree audit carried out every five years (or on demand) to ensure they remain in a safe condition.
− report any signs of large dying limbs, termites, borers, and major fungal attack.
These guidelines are DETE specific
D1
Landscape and Planting Guide
D1.2
1.2
Suitable Plants
The following lists are of plants considered suitable for planting in educational institutions in Metropolitan Adelaide.
For country areas, coastal areas and hills sites consult with local experts.
1.2.1 Trees
This list considers only trees in the small to medium size range and avoids large trees, and ones known to be short-lived or subject to random limb loss.
Heights and spreads will vary according to location and care given to them.
SPECIES height spread benefits liabilities (m) (m)
Acacia baileyana (n) 6 6 winter flowers evergreen
(B) brittle limbs
ferny leaves pollen allergy, short-lived Acacia longifolia (n) 5 5 fast growing evergreen
(B) pollen
allergy Acacia melanoxylon 10 12 evergreen
(n) (B) pollen
allergy Acacia pendula (n) 10 4 graceful evergreen (B) weeping pollen
allergy Acacia podalyriifolia 6 6 silver foliage evergreen (n) (B) winter flowers pollen
allergy Acacia pycnantha (n) 8 6 glossy leaves evergreen
(C) borers
pollen allergy Acacia salicina (n) 10 4 graceful evergreen (B) weeping pollen
allergy Acacia saligna (n) 5 5 showy evergreen
(C) pollen
allergy Acacia longifolia var 5 5 evergreen sophorae (n) (B) pollen
allergy Acer negundo 5 5 ornamental winged ‘Variegatum’ (B) shade seeds
deciduous
Acmena smithii (n) 6 4 shade evergreen
(B) messy
berries Agonis flexuosa (n) 6 6 weeping evergreen
(C) weeping
habit may impede surveillance Albizzia julibrissin 10 10 ferny leaves,
‘Rosea’ (B) flowers, deciduous Allocasuarina 5 5 attractive verticillata (n) (C)
Angophora costata (n) 12 8 flowers (B)
Angophora floribunda 12 8 flowers evergreen (B)
Arbutus unedo 6 6 red fruits evergreen
(C) flowers
Banksia ericifolia (n) 2-3 1-2 showy evergreen
(B) flowers
Banksia ornata (n) 1-2 1-2 showy evergreen
(B) flowers
Bauhinia candia (B) 5 3 evergreen Bauhinia variegata (B) 5 3 ornamental evergreen
flowers
Callistemon 5-7 3-4 ornamental evergreen ‘Harkness’ (B) flowers
Callistemon 3 3 ornamental evergreen viminalis (n) (B) flowers
weeping surveillance Calodendron 15 10 ornamental evergreen capense (B) flowers showy
Erythrina indica (B) 12 15 ornamental spiny flowers showy deciduous
Eucalyptus 5 5 silver foliage evergreen campaspe (B)
Eucalyptus 6 4 graceful evergreen calycogona (B)
These guidelines are DETE specific
Eucalyptus
cosmophylla (n) (B) 15 10 showy evergreen Eucalyptus attractive evergreen forrestiana (n) (B) 4 3 fruits
Eucalyptus 6 4 showy evergreen lansdowniana (n) (B) weeping
Eucalyptus 10 10 flowers evergreen leucoxylon subsp
megalocarpa ‘Rosea” (n) (B)
Eucalyptus 20 20 tall evergreen maculata (n) (E)
Eucalyptus 10 8 fine foliage evergreen nicholii (n) (C)
Eucalyptus 6 5 attractive evergreen torquata (n) (B)
Fraxinus griffithii (n) 6 6 flowers evergreen (C)
Fraxinus ‘Raywoodii’ 10 10 deciduous (n) (B) autumn colour Gleditsia 6 6
‘shademaster’ (A).
Hakea laurina (B) 4 3 flowers evergreen Hymenosporum 8 4 flowers evergreen flavum (C) Jacaranda 12 12 flowers mimosifolia (A) Koelreuteria 6 4 attractive paniculata (B) deciduous Lophostemon 12 8 evergreen confertus (n) Melaleuca 3 3 evergreen halmaturorum (n) (C)
Melaleuca 10 8 attractive evergreen styphelioides (n) (C)
Metrosideros 8 8 flowers evergreen excelsa (n) (C)
Photinia serrulata 5 5 attractive evergreen
(B) flowers
autumn colour surveillance Pistachia chinensis 5 5 attractive berries
(A) deciduous
autumn colour
Pittosporum 6 6 showy evergreen tenuifolium foliage
‘Garnettii’ (C)
Pittosporum 6 6 showy evergreen tobira foliage
variegatum (C)
Quercus ilex (C) 20 20 large evergreen Quercus robur (B) 20 20 large
deciduous
Robinia 6 6 deciduous spiny pseudoacacia (C) attractive
flowers Ulmus 10 6 deciduous parvifolia (C) attractive
small leaves
(n) refers to trees which are native to some part of Australia. Other trees are not indigenous to this country.
To assist in selection, trees have been given a rating, as follows, (A) winter sun / summer shade, not too large, safe limbs, colourful,
not root - intrusive,
(B) winter sun / summer shade, not too large, safe limbs, colourful, not root - intrusive,
(C) shade all year, not too large, safe limbs, inconspicuous colour, (D) shade all year, not too large, some limb problems,
inconspicuous colour.
(E) shade all year, larger than needed, some limb problems, inconspicuous colour, other limitations.
These guidelines are DETE specific
1.2.2 Shrubs
Shrubs are useful for providing colour, aroma, bird-life and definition of spaces. For surveillance, shrubs that grow to more than one metre high are inappropriate and should not be planted.
SPECIES Height Spread Benefits Liabilities (m) (m)
Abelia 1 2 evergreen grandiflora (B) open sprays
autumn colour
Acacia 2 2 winter flowers pollen iteaphylla (n) (C) evergreen allergy Acacia ligulata 2 3 evergreen pollen (b) (C) flowers allergy Acacia 2 2 evergreen pollen myrtifolia (n) (C) flowers allergy Alyogyne 2 2 open sprays
hakeifolia (n) (B) flowers evergreen Alyogyne 2 1.5 open sprays huegeli (n) (B) flowers evergreen Buddleia 3 3 evergreen ‘Davidii” (C) flowers butterflies Callistemon 3 3 evergreen ‘Capt Cook; (n) (B) flowers Coleonema 1 2 evergreen alba (A) flowers Coprosma 3 3 evergreen repens (n) (D) glossy leaves Correa reflexa 1 2 evergreen (n) (B) attractive
flowers Correa pulchella 1 2 evergreen (n) (B) attractive, flowers
Eremophila 1.5 1.5 evergreen maculata (n) (B) attractive
flowers Grevillea 3 2 evergreen Winpara Gem attractive (n) (B) flowers Grevillea 1.5 2 evergreen lavandulacea attractive
(n) (B) flowers Grevillea 2 2 evergreen rosmarinifolia attrative (n) (B) flowers Hebe ‘ Blue Gem 1.5 1 evergreen (B)
Hebe diosmifolia 1.5 1.5 evergreen (B) attractive
flowers Hibiscus ‘Apple evergreen Blossom’ (B) attractive
flowers Hibiscus ‘Wilders’s 2.5 2.5 evergreen White’ (B) attractive
flowers Hypocalymma 1 1 evergreen angustifolium (B) attractive
flowers Kunzea baxteri 1 1 evergreen (B) attractive
flowers Lavandula spica 1 1 evergreen
(A) scented attractive flowers Leptospermum 3 3 evergreen laevigatum (n) (C) attractive flowers Melaleuca 2 2 evergreen diosmifolia (n) (C) attractive flowers Melaleuca 3 3 evergreen ericifolia (n) (B) attractive flowers Melaleuca 2 2 evergreen hypericifolia attractive (n) (B) flowers Melaleuca 2 2 evergreen elliptica (n) (B) attractive flowers Melaleuca 3 3 evergreen huegeli (n) (B) attractive flowers Melaleuca 1.5 1.5 evergreen incana (n) (B) attractive flowers Melaleuca 4 4 evergreen
These guidelines are DETE specific nesophila (n) (C) attractive flowers Melaleuca 1.5 1.5 evergreen steedmani (n) (B) attractive flowers Melaleuca 1.5 1.5 evergreen wilsonii (n) (B) attractive flowers Pimelia 1 1 evergreen ferruginea (n) (B) attractive flowers
Plumbago 1 2 evergreen increases auriculata (A) attractiveness by
flowers suckering Polygala 2 2 evergreen
myrtifolia attractive ‘Grandiflora’ (A) flowers Prostanthera 2 2 evergreen ovalifolia (n) (B) attractive
flowers scented Raphiolepis x 4 4 evergreen delacouri (B) showy berries Rosmarinus 1 1.5 evergreen officinalis (B) attractive flowers Sollya 1 2 evergreen heterophylla (n) (B) attractive
flowers
Strelitzia 1 1 evergreen very hard nicolai (A) very showy to dig up Stenolobium 3 3 evergreen stans (C) attractive flowers Templetonia 2 2 evergreen retusa (n) (B) attractive flowers Thryptomene 1 1.5 evergreen saxicola attractive ‘F C Payne’ (n) (B) flowers
Viburnum 3 2 deciduous opulus sterile (C) very showy
attractive flowers Viburnum tinus 3 2 evergreen (C) attractive Weigela florida (B) 2 2 flowers Westringia 1 1 evergreen fruticosa (n) (B) attractive flowers
(n) refers to shrubs which are native to some part of Australia. Other shrubs are not indigenous to this country
To assist in selection, shrubs have been given a rating, as follows: (A) Colourful, long - flowering, not too tall, not a screen
(B) Colourful, long - flowering, not too tall, (C) Colourful, long flowering
(D) Colourful
1.2.3 Ground Cover
Ground cover plants are useful for covering ground not needed or appropriate as grass. They are especially useful for dust control and to stabilise embankments where erosion is possible. They can define garden areas without impeding surveillance
SPECIES Height Spread Benefits Liabilities (mm) (m2)
Bacopa spp 50 0.6 evergreen flowers Brachyscome 300 evergreen multifida (n) flowers Correa reflexa 200 2-3 evergreen (prostrate form) (n) flowers Eremophila 400 2 evergreen glabra flowers (prostrate form) (n)
Grevillea 100 1-2 evergreen long arching biternata (n) flowers limbs may
need to be cut back Grevillea 300 3 evergreen thelemanniana flowers (prostrate form) (n) Hardenbergia 100 1 evergreen comptoniana flowers
These guidelines are DETE specific Hemiandra 100 1-2 evergreen pungens (n) flowers Kennedia 100 1-2 evergreen nigricans (n) flowers Kennedia 100 1-2 evergreen prostrata (n) flowers Myoporum 300 1-2 evergreen parvifolium (n) flowers Osteospermum 100 1 evergreen fruticosum flowers Polygonum 50 0.6 flowers capitatum Rhagodia 500 1-2 evergreen spinescens (n)
(n) refers to ground cover plants which are native to some parts of Australia. Other plants are not indigenous to this country.
1.2.4 Climbing Plants
Climbers are useful when foliage and colour is important but space is limited. Most climbers need support and the strength of trellises and pergolas must be considered
SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS
Ficus Pumila self-clinging forms a ‘minima’ needs a wall dense cover Hibbertia needs support dense scandens colourful Jasminum needs support colourful polyanthum
Lonicera needs support colourfull
Japonica scented
‘Purpurea”
Solanum needs support perpetual jasminoides flowers Trachylospermum needs support perpetual jasminoides flowers
scented Vitis coignetiae needs support autumn colour Wisteria sinensis needs support very showy.
D1
Landscape and Planting Guide
D1.3
1.3
Plants not
Recommended
1.3.1 PurposeThe list of plants which are not recommended to be planted on educational sites in Metropolitan Adelaide has been compiled from 12 years feedback from school sites.
The list includes those that have proven to be either a nuisance, dangerous or inappropriate. Nuisance plants are those which develop low level canopies which either obscure supervision or become an eye level occupational health risk, those with spikes or spines, berries or sharp or prickly leaf margins. Dangerous plants are those which drop limbs without notice, tend to split limbs or break due to canopy weight.
Inappropriate plants are those that are unsuitable for the climate, especially those that have excessive water demands, those that grow too big, have invasive root systems or are very short lived. some trees are also unsuitable due to susceptibility to borer and termite infestation.
1.3.2 Management
The obvious preferred risk management strategy is not to plant trees and shrubs that are proven to be inappropriate.
Regular inspection audits of trees and shrubs on existing sites should be undertaken to ensure inappropriate plants do not exist and that current plants are in good healthy condition, to maintain a risk free environment.
Expert arboricultural advice should be obtained to ensure appropriate auditing and maintenance information is provided.
1.3.3 Species not recommended
SPECIES REASON
Acer spp, other than negundo plains are too dry and hot Acokanthera oblongiflia poisonous
Agathis robusta too big
Ailanthus spp too big, suckers too freely Albizzia lophantha short-lived
Araucaria araucana (D) too big Araucaria bidwilli (D) too big Araucaria cunninghami (D) too big Araucaria excelsa (D) too big
Betula alba not successful, needs too much water
Brachychiton spp not too successful, erratic results
Cassia fistula not successful Casuarina glauca suckers too freely Cedrela sinensis suckers too freely
Cedrus deodara not too successful, needs too much water
These guidelines are DETE specific
Cinnamomum camphora too big
Cocos plumosa sharp edged leaves Cordyline australis sharp edged leaves Cortaderia selloana razor- sharp edged leaves Crataegus spp spiny
Cupressus spp fails due to borer infestation Eucalyptus botryoides (D) too big
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (A) too big, drops limbs Eucalyptus citriodora (A) too big, drops limbs Eucalyptus cladocalyx (A) too big, drops limbs Eucalyptus cladocalyx ‘Nana’ drops limbs
Eucalyptus conferruminata (B)
limbs collapse, has borer infestation
Eucalyptus globulus subsp bicostata (A)
too big, drops limbs, has borer infestation
Eucalyptus gomphocephala (A)
too big, drops limbs, has borer infestation
Eucalyptus leucoxlon (D) too big Eucalyptus sideroxylon
‘Rosea’ (B)
limb breaks, borers Eucalyptus spathulata (A) limbs collapse, has borers Ficus spp (C) too big, irritant exudations Fraxinus oxycarpa invasive roots
Grevillea robusta (B) short-lived, high water requirement
Melaleuca armillaris (C) limbs collapse
Melia azedrach has many round berries- causes slippery surface
Phoenix spp sharp edged leaves, long sharp spines
Phormium tenax sharp edged leaves Pinus spp (D) too big
Platanus spp (D) too big
Populus spp (B) too big, has termites, some sucker
Pyracantha spp spiny
Salix spp too big, limbs collapse Schinus ariera too big
Tamarix aphylla too big, limbs collapse
Ulmus procera (C) limbs collapse, cavities develop Ulmus glabra high water requirement
Aloe spp sharp edged leaves Yucca spp sharp edged leaves Zantdeschia aethiopica poisonous
Rating:
To help explain why it is imprudent and a risk to plant or retain these trees on campus a rating system has been applied as follows: (A) too big anywhere near buildings and paths, likely to drop limbs,
likely to collapse, prone to borers, prone to termites.
(B) likely to drop limbs, likely to collapse, prone to borers, prone to termites.
(C) likely to collapse, prone to borers, prone to termites. (D) prone to borers, prone to termites.
D1
Landscape and Planting Guide
D1.4
1.4
Plants not Permitted
1.4.1 Purpose
There are some plants that are not permitted to be on educational sites. These are plants that are known to be poisonous or harmful.
Poisonous plants are those which exude irritant sap, cause allergic reactions from pollen as well as those with parts that can be
poisonous when ingested. for the most part, however, poisons taste so unpleasant that it is unlikely that sufficient amounts will be ingested to cause harm.
1.4.2 Species not Permitted
Agapanthus orientalis (Agapanthus) Amaryllis belladonna (Belladonna Lily) Avum italium
Calla Lily
Castanospermum australe (Morten Bay Chestnut) Clematis microphylla (Small leaf Clematis) Convallari majalis (Lily of the Valley) Datura species (Angel’s Trumpet) Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) Duranta repans (Sky Flower) Euonymous europaeus (Spindle Tree) Euphorbia pulcherima (Poinsettia)
Hedera helix (Ivy)
Ligustrum vulgare/ovalifolium (Privet) Monstera deliciosa (Fruit Salad Plant) Narcissus species (Daffodil) Nerium oleander (Oleander) Poinciana/Ceasalpina (Bird of Paradise Tree) Prunus laurocerasus (Cherry Laurel) Rhus species (Sumac) Richnus communis (Castor Oil Plant) Solanum species (Potato Vine) Taxus baccata (Yew Tree) Wisteria Sinensis (Wisteria)
