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(1)

Outdoor LED

in residential areas

Maria Johansson

Environmental Psychology

Dept of Architecture and Built Environment

Lund University, Sweden

(2)

Project team

Maria Johansson,

project leader, Lund University

Linda Kuhn,

Lund University /

Marianne Küller

, Lund University

Thorbjörn Laike,

Lund University

Tommy Govén,

Fagerhult AB

Niclas Norlén,

Lumen Radio AB
(3)

Foto: Malin Rosén

Can LED + wireless lighting control

reduce energy use and at the same time keep or

improve the qualities of the perceived light environment?

(4)

Aim

To compare

- people’s subjective light perception and perceived safety and

accessibility

- energy use

- maintenance costs

before and after LED-lighting with wireless lighting control has been

installed, in the outdoor environment of multifamily residential areas.

(5)

PHYSICAL ENV

subjective lighting perception

ACTIVITY

being outdoor

after dark

BASIC

EMOTIONAL

PROCESS

SOCIAL ENV

Sense of community

INDIVIDUAL

RESOURCES

gender, age, disability,

values, attitudes

perceived

accessibility

danger

Variation over time

The Human-Environment Interaction Model, Küller, 1991

(6)

Multi-place perspective

An environment consists of several interconnected functional units.

(Bonnes & Secchiaroli, 1995)

Units of analysis:

Entrance

Path

Yard

(7)

Design

Baseline

Intervention

Post 1

Post 2

Post 3

Post 4

Jan + March 2010 July - August 2010 Sept 2010 Nov 2010 Jan 2011 March 2011

Helsingborg

Luleå

Technical problems
(8)

Helsingborg

Riksbyggen AB Built in 1978

(9)

Helsingborg, Feb 2010

High pressure sodium 90w Entrance 8.5-13.1 lx

Path 6.5-10 lx Garden 1.2-2.3 lx

(10)

Luleå

Riksbyggen AB Built in 1980s Appartments 49

(11)

Luleå, Feb 2010

Mercury lamps 90w Entrance 6.3-7.8 lx Path 0.3 lx

(12)

Collected data

Expert descriptions of residential areas

Baseline

Residents’ subjective assessments

Baseline + 3 post tests

On site measurements of light levels

Baseline + 3 post tests

Up-time of outdoor lighting per month

(Riksbyggen)

Feb 2010 – Apr 2011

Logg of diming function (LumenRadio)

Aug 2010– Apr 2011

(13)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pleas antn ess Com plexi ty Unity Enc losedne ss Pot enc y Socia l S Affe ctio n Orig inali ty Luleå Hbg

Expert: Semantic environmental description

(14)

1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 **P lanni ng ***D esign **G reen ery Phys ical acc ess Traf fic Safe ty **M aint ena nce Socia l life Com mer ce *Light Luleå Hbg

Expert description of outdoor area

(15)

Subjective assessments: participants

Residents during the study period

N=246 , 50% have participated at least once

Perception Before – After

N= 62, response rate 25% Male 40%, Female 60%

Mean age 64 years (20-85 years)

Perception of LED over time

N=50 response rate 20% Male 37%, Female 63%

(16)
(17)
(18)

Instruments

10-page questionnaire including

Subjective lighting quality for three unit of analysis

After Küller & Wetterberg, 1993; 1996

Perception of how natural the colour of objects are

, new items

Perceived accessibility,

Johansson , Rosén & Küller, 2011

Perceived danger,

Blöbaum et al., 2005; Johansson , Rosén & Küller, 2011

(Lighting concern

Kuhn & Maletipwaan Mattsson et al, work in progress

)

(19)

Lighting perception at entrance

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Light *Unpl easa nt *Col oured Wea k *Con cent rate d *Col d *Eve nly di str *Sof t Focu sed Unna tural Mur ky Monot on *BrightDimm ed Bril liant

Luleå

Hbg

(20)

Lighting perception at path

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

*Light Unp leas ant *Col our ed Wea k *Con cent rate d *Col d *Eve nly di str *Sof t Focu sed Unna tural *M urky *M onot on Bright Dimm ed *Bril liant

Luleå

Hbg

(21)

Lighting perception at yard

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Light Unp leas ant *Col oured *W eak *Con cent rate d *Col d Eve nly di str *Sof t Focu sed Unna tural Mur ky *M onot on *BrightDimm ed *Bril liant

Luleå

Hbg

(22)

Correlations with accessibility

LIGHTING QUALITY ENTRANCE Pearson r PATH Pearson r GARDEN Pearson r Light .51** .51** Unpleasant -.35** -.46** Coloured Weak -.28* -.34** Concentrated Cold -.37** -.31** Evenly distributed .31** .32** Soft .23* Focused .29** .34** Unnatural -.29** -.35** Murky -.33** -.53** Monotonous Bright Dimmed Brilliant .30** .23* .32* * p<.05, ** p<.01

(23)

Intervention – installation of LED

LED 1000lm, 4000K

LED 2000lm, 4000K

Fagerhult AB

wireless light control

from Lumen Radio AB

(24)

Mätområde Bef fotocell V4 V3 V2 V7 V10 V5 V6 V19 V1 V11 V12 S13 V14 V18 V15 V16 V17 V8 V9 S3 S4 S5 S2 S6 S16 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S17 S1 V13 S12 S14 V15

Intervention in Helsingborg

(25)
(26)

a) a) a) a) c) a) a) a) b) b) b) b) a)

Bef. glödljus som behålles S1 S2 S3 S4 S6 S8 S5 S7 S9 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V10 V11 V12 V13 V9 V7 V8 N1 N2 V1

Luleå

(27)
(28)

Regulation: time of day and presence

Time span

-23 100% (Level 1)

23-02 70% (Level 2)

(29)

Energy use Helsingborg

Helsingborg pole mounted fixture

Average energy consumption per fixture per day (23.00 - 05.00): High pressure sodium: 2.850 kWh

LED: 0.813 kWh

Wall mounted fixture

Average energy consumption per fixture per day (23.00 - 05.00): Old: 0.467 kWh

New: 0.318 kWh

Percentage of dimming level per day

Level 1: 80 % Level 2: 5 % Level 3: 15 %

(30)

Energy use Luleå

Pole mounted fixture

Average energy consumption per fixture per day (23.00 - 05.00): Mercury: 2.850 kWh

LED: 0.834 kWh

Wall mounted fixture

Average energy consumption per fixture per day (23.00 - 05.00): Mercury: 0.467 kWh

LED: 0.321 kWh

Percentage of dimming level per day

Level 1: 82 % Level 2: 7 % Level 3: 8 %

(31)

What outdoor lighting would you prefer in

your residential area? March 2011

89% the present lighting (LED)

6% the previous lighting (high pressure sodium in Helsingborg)

Response rate 25%

(32)

What will the data be able to tell?

• Differences in energy use of the conventional outdoor lighting

and the LED lighting.

• Differences in the perception of conventional outdoor lighting

and LED lighting.

• Differences in the perception of outdoor LED lighting over time.

• Correlations between photometric measures and subjective

assessments.

• The ”psychological complexity” of subjective lighting perception

for outdoor (LED) lighting and the associations with perceived

accessibility and danger.

(33)

Developments

International informal network environmental psychology and street lighting

Instrument development ”Lighting concern” in co-operation with G. Tonello Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina

Subjective lighting quality of LED light sources, Malmö.

Input to interdisciplinary research “Urban walking”

Input to technology development for street lighting (wireless ligthing control)

(34)

Dissemination

Conference presentations

Johansson, M. (2009). Outdoor LED in residential areas. Ceebel conference, Katrineholm Johansson, M. (2010). Outdoor LED in residential areas -pre-test and intervention. Ceebel

conference, Katrineholm

Johansson, M. (2010). Measuring the perception of outdoor LED in residential areas. Energitinget, Stockholm

Kuhn, L. (2010). Outdoor LED- the effects on perceived safety, accessibility and subjective quality of light. Area group meeting in Environmental Psychology, Lund

Kuhn, L., Johansson, M. & Laike, T. (2011). Conventional lighting versus LED-lighting. Residents’ perception of quality of light, accessibility and danger. Abstract accepted for oral presentation at Environment 2.0 Eindhoven, September 2011.

Laike, T. (2011). Outdoor-lighting . LED Academy - KHES.2 – 2nd Know-How Exchange Seminar Cluster-building among universities, light-fitting producers and municipalities, Kalmar.

Popular science

Johansson, M. (2010). Utomhus LED-belysning i bostadsområden. I Formas tidskrift Miljöforskning/Sustainability.

(35)

Thank you for your attention!

Maria Johansson

References

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