OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE APPLICATIONS GUIDELINES

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OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE APPLICATIONS GUIDELINES

Introduction:

The use and demand for optical fibre has grown up tremendously and the applications of optical-fibre are numerous. Telecommunication applications are widespread, ranging from global networks to desktop computers. These involve the transmission of voice, data, or video over distances of less than a meter to hundreds of kilometres, using one of a few standard fibre designs in one of several cable designs. Optical Fibre cables are being laid in large quantity for transportation of signals in long distance and in junction network.

Carriers use optical fibres to carry Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) across their nationwide and international networks. Local exchange carriers use fibres to carry the same service between central office switches at local levels, and sometimes as far as the neighbourhood or individual home using Fibre to the Home (FTTH) network.

Optical fibre is also used extensively for transmission of data. National and multinational network providers need secure reliable systems to transfer data and financial information between buildings to the desktop terminals or computers and to transfer data around the world. Cable television companies also use optical fibres for delivery of digital video and data services. The high bandwidth provided by optical fibre makes it the perfect choice for transmitting broadband signals, such as high-definition television (HDTV) telecasts.

Optical cables are designed to protect the contained optical fibres from damage due to the rigors of installation and from the hazards of the surrounding environment. Cable designs can also be optimized to facilitate installation. However, no single optical cable design is universally superior in all applications. In general, optical fibre cables installed in an outdoor environment are exposed to more severe mechanical and environmental conditions than are experienced in the protected, climate-controlled indoor environment. Outdoor installations are also subjected to combinations of hazards of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, standing water, cable-gnawing rodents, termites, and temperature extremes. Whether the cable is to be installed aerially, directly-buried, or jetted into a duct will determine which cable type is best suited to an outside plant installation.

Different types of construction designs for the manufacturing of optical fibre cables are in practice (depending upon its method of deployment, usage and the installation methods). Following are the few types of the Optical fibre cable design based on the installation method:

I. Metal Free Optical Fibre Cable (Underground Installation - Duct):

This type of cable is mechanically weak and is normally installed in underground ducts. The cable may be of Multi-Loose Tube construction type. The underground installation of optical fibre cable is basically done either by directly buried or in a

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1. Metal-Free Optical Fibre Cable - Used for Local and Trunk networks

2. High Count Metal Free Optical Fibre Cable (Ribbon Type for Access Network) - Used for Access Networks

3. Non Zero Dispersion Shifted Single Mode Metal Free Optical Fibre Cable - Used for SDH and DWDM systems for long haul transmission in the networks.

4. Optical fibre cable for Coastal Areas & High sub-soil water condition - Used in Coastal areas and sub-soil water conditions.

5. Metal-Free Optical Fibre Cable (G.652 D Fibre) - Used for Local and Trunk networks.

6. Non-Zero Dispersion Optical Fibre Cable for Wideband Optical Transport (G.656 Fibre) – Used for Wideband Optical Transport carrying DWDM signals for long haul transmission

7. Armoured Optical Fibre Cable for Duct application – Used for Local and Trunk networks.

The detailed constructional design and features of the cables are specified in Annexure-I.

II. Armoured Optical Fibre Cable

(Underground Installation - Directly

Buried):

The Armoured Optical Fibre Cable of Multi-Loose Tube construction type is mechanically protected by corrugated armour. The cable may be installed directly buried in the ground at a proper depth or installed in the ducts. Following are the few types of the Armoured Optical Fibre Cable for Underground - Direct Burial:

1. Armoured Optical Fibre Cable for Direct Burial (Underground) - Used for Local and Trunk networks

2. High Count Armoured Optical Fibre Cable (Ribbon Type for Access Network) - Used for Access Networks

3. Non Zero Dispersion Shifted Single Mode Armoured Optical Fibre Cable - Used for SDH and DWDM systems in the networks.

4. Optical Fibre Cable for Concrete surfaces - Used under concrete surfaces.

The detailed constructional design and features of the cables are specified in Annexure-II.

III. Aerial Optical Fibre Cables (Aerial Installation):

The aerial installation normally uses the poles or towers with special types of Fixtures & Accessories to support the optical fibre cable. The Aerial Optical fibre cables may be of Self-supporting Metal-Free type, or may have armouring for more mechanical protection. Following are the few types of the Optical Fibre Cable for Aerial installation:

1. Self-Supporting Metal-Free Aerial Optical Fibre Cable (For Hilly & Rural areas) - Used between two points on the aerial alignment in Hilly & Rural areas with maximum span length of 100 meters.

2. Self-Supporting Metal-Free Aerial Optical Fibre Cable (For Urban areas). - Used between two points on the aerial alignment between the poles or pole to building in the urban areas with maximum span length of 75 meters.

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The detailed constructional design and features of the cables are specified in Annexure-III.

IV. Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) Optical Fibre Cables:

Optical fibre networks servicing FTTH systems rely upon outside plant cables to ensure high quality, reliable service to the subscribers. Last-mile connectivity in FTTH for each subscriber is achieved through indoor cables, viz. Simplex, Duplex, Mini cables, etc. All these cables are designed to withstand the environment for indoor, mainly equipped with fire retardant and tighter bending properties. Since the cable deployed indoors is subjected to sharp bends, bend insensitive optical fibres are preferred over conventional fibres. Moreover, the outer jacket is generally made of fire resistant materials, like Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) etc. The last mile connectivity cables are also designed for easy connectorization, enabling easy maintenance at the user premises. Following are the few types of the Optical Fibre Cable for FTTH applications:

1. Outdoor Drop Optical Fibre Cable (Figure 8 Type) – Used as Outdoor cable for installing between two poles and a pole to building.

2. Flexible Optical Fibre Cable (For Indoor Applications) – Used as Indoor cable for interconnecting/drop/distribution cabling purpose within a high rise building. 3. Optical Fibre Drop Cable - Used as Indoor as well as Outdoor cable for

installation between two poles and inside home.

4. Micro Duct Optical Fibre Cable – Used for installation in Micro-ducts by blowing method.

5. Optical Fibre Cable for FTTH application (G.657 A Fibre) – Used as Indoor cable for installing inside the premises/buildings for FTTx applications, employing bending loss-insensitive optical fibre.

The detailed constructional design and features of the cables are specified in Annexure-IV.

V. Optical Fibre Cables for laying over Power Lines:

These cables are installed on the overhead power distribution network. Following are the few types of the Optical Fibre Cable for laying over Power Line.

1. All-Dielectric Self-supporting (ADSS) Optical Fibre Cable for laying on power line alignments - To be installed on the overhead power distribution network up to 33 KV.

2. Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) Cable for laying on power lines) - To be installed on existing high voltage Power Line alignments beyond 33 KV, up to 400 KV. The cable may also replace the existing Ground Wire of the alignment.

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ANNEXURE-I

1. METAL FREE OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE

Description:

Multi-Loose tube Single Jacket Optical Fibre Cable is meant for Underground Duct Installation. Extra protection is provided by Nylon as outermost layer which also ensures termite resistance. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

• Available in fibre counts from 6 F, 12 F, 24 F & 48 F.

• Recommended for Underground Duct Installation only.

• Strain-free fibre due to S-Z stranding and loose tube design.

• Longitudinal water protection enabled by water blocking compounds in tube and core.

• Easy Mid-span access because of Multi tube design.

• Extra protection provided by Nylon as outermost sheath.

Note: This is recommended for Long Haul/ Short haul networks.

Application:

Under-Ground, Duct

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2. HIGH COUNT METAL-FREE OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE (RIBBON

TYPE FOR ACCESS NETWORK) - USED FOR ACCESS

NETWORKS

Description:

Multi tube Single Jacket Ribbon Optical fibre Cable is meant for Underground Duct Installation. Extra protection is provided by Nylon as outermost layer which also ensures termite resistance. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable. The fibre ribbon combines robust performance for duct installations with the productivity of high-count mass fusion splicing. The optical fibres are arranged into ribbon units by placing the fibres in a flat array of 12 colour-coded fibres bonded together by a UV- cured matrix material.

Features:

• Available in fibre counts from 48 F, 96 F, 144 F, 288 F & 576 F.

• Precise fibre and ribbon geometries result in excellent mass-fusion splicing yields.

• Strain free fibre due to S-Z stranding and loose tube design

Note: This is recommended for access network.

Application:

Under-Ground, Duct

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3. NON-ZERO DISPERSION SHIFTED SINGLE MODE

METAL-FREE OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE (NZDS) - (G.655 C FIBRE)

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Optical fibre Cable is meant for Underground Duct Installation. Extra protection is provided by Nylon as outermost layer which also ensures termite resistance. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable. This cable is envisaged to be installed in the ducts and meant to carry high bit rate optical signals including DWDM signals.

Features:

• Strain-free fibre due to S-Z stranding and loose tube design

• Easy Mid-span access because of Multi-tube design.

Note: This is recommended for Long Haul/ Back bone networks for longer link lengths as lesser number of dispersion compensators are required for NZDSF fibre.

Application:

Under-Ground, Duct

Cross-Sectional Diagram:

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4. OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE FOR COASTAL AREAS & HIGH SUB

SOIL WATER CONDITION - USED IN COASTAL AREAS

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Poly Aluminium Cable is multipurpose cable designed for diverse needs. Polymer coated Aluminium tape and Flooding Jelly makes this cable moisture-proof, and Glass Roving yarn adds to tensile strength. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

• Moisture protected cable due to Polymer coated Aluminium Tape.

• Strain free fibre due to S-Z stranding and loose tube design.

Note: This is recommended for Long Haul/ Short haul networks in Coastal areas and sub soil water conditions.

Application:

Under-Ground, Duct / Coastal areas

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5. METAL-FREE OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE (G.652 D FIBRE)

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Optical Fibre Cable is meant for Underground Duct Installation. Extra protection is provided by Nylon as outermost layer which also ensures termite resistance. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

Note: This is recommended for Long Haul/ Short haul networks.

Application:

Under-Ground, Duct

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6.

NON–ZERO DISPERSION OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE FOR

WIDEBAND OPTICAL TRANSPORT (G. 656 FIBRE)

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Optical fibre Cable is meant for Underground Duct Installation. Extra protection is provided by Nylon as outermost layer which also ensures termite resistance. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable. It is fully compatible with existing NZDS fibre and also supports long haul transmission compatible with S, C and L bands. It provides lower attenuation at 1400 nm wavelength region and efficiently supports CWDM cheap transmission system at 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s. It provides longest uncompensated reach (~200 km) in metropolitan network, resulting in cost saving compared to conventional single mode fibre.

Features:

Note: This is recommended for Long Haul/ Back bone networks for longer link lengths as lesser number of dispersion compensators are required.

Application:

Under-Ground, Duct

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7. ARMOURED OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE FOR DUCT APPLICATION

(G.652 D Fibre)

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Metallic Armoured Cable is multipurpose cable designed for diverse needs. This design is robust and suitable for duct installation. This design is available with Wet core as well as Semi-Dry Core. Semi-Dry core design is lighter in weight and will take lesser time for maintenance & installation. This design is suitable and recommended for installation in duct in Indian tropical conditions.

Features:

• Easy to Install due to Semi dry core design and easy to peel but rugged PE jacket.

• Rodent protection due to Corrugated Steel Tape Armour.

• Recommended for Long Haul/ Short haul networks.

Note: This cable has to be grounded as it contains metal.

Application:

Under Ground Duct

Cross-Sectional Diagrams:

Semi DryCore

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ANNEXURE-II

1. ARMOURED OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE FOR DIRECT BURIAL

(UNDERGROUND)

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Metallic Armoured Cable is multipurpose cable designed for diverse needs for added tensile strength. It has two embedded strength members in outer sheath as stainless wires which are diametrically opposite to each other. Its robust design withstands the most demanding environment of direct burial.

Features:

• Direct Burial Installation due to double sheath and Corrugated Steel Tape.

• Rodent protection in-spite of Direct Burial Application due to Corrugated Steel Tape.

• Strain-free fibres due to S-Z stranding and loose tube design

• Easy Mid-span access because of Multi-tube design

• Two Stainless Steel wires diametrically opposite to each other in outer sheath, add to tensile strength.

• Recommended for Long Haul / Back bone networks.

Application:

Under Ground, Direct Buried

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2. High Count Armoured Optical Fibre Cable (Ribbon Type

)

For Access

Network

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Metallic Armoured Cable is multipurpose cable designed for diverse needs for added tensile strength. It has two embedded strength members in outer sheath as stainless wires which are diametrically opposite to each other. Its robust design withstands the most demanding environment of direct burial.

The Ribbon fibre combines robust performance for direct buried installations with the productivity of high-count mass fusion splicing. The optical fibres are arranged into ribbon units by placing the fibres in a flat array of 12 colour-coded fibres bonded together by a UV-cured matrix material.

Features:

• Direct Burial Installation due to double sheath and Corrugated Steel Tape.

• Rodent protection in-spite of Direct Burial application due to Corrugated Steel Tape.

• Strain-free fibres due to S-Z stranding and loose tube design

• Easy Mid-span access because of Multi-tube design

• Two Stainless Steel wires diametrically opposite to each other in outer sheath add to tensile strength.

• Recommended for Access networks.

Application:

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3. Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Single Mode Armoured Optical Fibre

Cable

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Metallic Armoured Cable is multipurpose cables designed for diverse needs for added tensile strength. It has two embedded strength members in outer sheath as stainless wires which are diametrically opposite to each other. Its robust design withstands the most demanding environment of direct burial. This cable is meant to carry high bit rate optical signals including DWDM signals.

Features:

• Direct Burial Installation due to double sheath & Corrugated Steel Tape.

• Rodent protection in spite of Direct Burial application due to Corrugated Steel Tape

• Two Stainless Steel wires diametrically opposite to each other in outer sheath add to tensile strength.

• Recommended for Long Haul/ Back bone networks for longer link lengths as lesser no. of dispersion compensators are required for NZDSF fibre.

Application:

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Description:

Uni-tube Single Jacket FRP Armoured Cables is multipurpose cable designed for a very specific application. In this stranding of FRPs is done over central tube to protect the cable which is then wrapped with polyester tape. Jacketing is done with PE which is finally protected with Nylon 12. Nylon ensures termite resistance. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

•

Available in fibre counts from

6 F, 12 F, 24 F & 48 F.

• Direct Burial Installation due to FRP Armouring.

• Installed in concrete surface by making trenches in it.

• Suitable for drop application because of Uni-tube design.

Note: This is recommended for Concrete surfaces.

Application:

Under Ground, Direct Buried/Concrete Surface

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ANNEXURE-III

1. SELF SUPPORTING METAL FREE AERIAL OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE (FOR

HILLY & RURAL AREAS) -

(G.652 D FIBRE)

Description:

Multi-tube Double Jacket All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) cable is multipurpose cable designed for diverse needs. Its robust design and high tensile strength makes it suitable for Aerial application. This cable can be installed between two points on the aerial alignment in Hilly & Rural areas with maximum span length of 100 m. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

• Double sheath protection ensures better protection.

• Can be installed on telephone poles/poles.

Note: These cables can be installed on power transmission line alignments (up to 11 KVA).

Application:

Recommended for Aerial/ Hilly & Rural Areas

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2. SELF SUPPORTING METAL-FREE AERIAL OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE (FOR URBAN AREAS) -

(G.652 D FIBRE)

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) cable is multipurpose cable designed for diverse needs. Its robust design and high tensile strength makes it suitable for Aerial application. This cable can be installed between two points on the aerial alignment (between the poles or pole to building) in urban areas with maximum span length of 75 m. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

• Can be installed on telephone poles/poles.

Note: These cables can be installed on power transmission line alignments (up to 11 KVA).

Application:

Recommended for Aerial/UrbanAreas

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ANNEXURE-IV

1. OUTDOOR OPTICAL FIBRE DROP CABLE (FIGURE-8 TYPE)

(G.652 D

FIBRE)

Description:

Outdoor Optical Fibre Cable is a drop cable with Uni-tube construction with Figure Eight (8) design. It is suitable for installing between two poles and a pole to building. The cable is light weight and flexible. It has good mechanical protection with stable temperature performance conditions to withstand varying environmental conditions due to exposure in open. As this cable contains metal there is a specific need to ground the cable.

Features:

• Fibre design is available in fibre counts of 4 F, 6 F, 8 F, 12 F, 16 F & 24 F.

• Ribbon fibre design is available in fibre counts of 4 F.

• Use of Stainless Steel wire makes it suitable for Aerial installation.

• Aramid yarns around central tube adds to tensile strength.

• Can be hanged from Pole to Building & Pole to pole.

• ARP provides more tensile strength and stiffness.

• Loose buffered construction keeps fibres strain-free.

• Uni-tube design for drop application and faster installation.

Note: This is recommended for Short haul FTTH networks.

Application:

Outdoor – FTTH/ Last Mile / Aerial Drop

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12 Fibre Cable Design

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2. FLEXIBLE OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE (FOR INDOOR APPLICATIONS) -

(G.652 D FIBRE)

Description:

Flexible Optical Fibre cable is for indoor applications. This cable is suitable for inter-connecting/drop/distribution cabling purpose within the high rise building and has excellent flexibility required for routing through various turns/curves ensuring fast and easy installation. The optical fibre cable is protected with yellow colour Low smoke zero Halogen (LSZH) sheath. Aramid Yarns reinforcement is done to provide tensile strength to the cable.

Features:

• Fibre design is available in fibre counts 2 F, 4 F, 6 F, 8 F & 12 F.

• Duplex design is for 2 F, and higher count cables are for distribution.

• To be installed within building premises only.

• Aramid yarns around central tube adds to tensile strength.

• Easy to connectorise due to Tight buffered construction.

Note: This is recommended for FTTH networks.

Application:

Indoor/ FTTH /Last-Mile)

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3. OPTICAL FIBRE DROP CABLE (INDOOR/OUTDOOR) - (G.652 D

FIBRE)

Description:

Optical fibre installation cable is a drop cable with Uni-tube construction. It can be hanged on poles. Ruggedized construction is for excellent installation performance, easily strippable for fast installation. This can be installed inside building. This can also install from pole to pole. As this cable contains metal there is a specific need to ground the cable.

Features:

• These are available in fibre counts 2 F, 4 F & 6 F.

• Use of FRP makes it suitable for Aerial installation.

• Can be hanged from Pole to pole and inside building.

• ARP provides more tensile strength and stiffness.

• Loose buffered construction keeps fibre strain-free.

• Uni-tube design for drop application and faster installation.

Note: This is recommended for Short haul FTTH networks.

Application:

Indoor/Outdoor – FTTH/Last Mile/Aerial Drop

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4. MICRO DUCT OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE

(G.652 D FIBRE)

I. Uni -Tube design:

Description:

Uni-tube Single Jacket Micro cable is envisaged to be installed in the Micro Ducts. Micro ducts can also be installed in previously installed ducts. Its uni-tube design with lesser diameter makes it lighter in weight and easy to install by blowing method. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

FRP provides desired stiffness and anti-buckling effect for the cable so that it can be blown in micro duct. This cable is suitable for Drop application with installation by blowing method.

Features:

• Available in fibre counts from 6 F, 12 F & 24 F

• FRP as Embedded strength member increases Anti-Buckling property.

• Suitable for installation in Micro ducts by blowing method.

• Can be installed in Pre-installed ducts by blowing in Micro ducts.

• Strain-free fibre due Uni-tube design

• Longitudinal water protection enabled by water blocking compounds in tube

Note: This is recommended for Short haul FTTH networks/Long Haul networks.

Application:

Recommended in Micro ducts for Indoor/Outdoor – FTTH/Last Mile

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II Multi–tube design:

Description:

Multi-tube Single Jacket Micro cable is envisaged to be installed in the Micro Ducts. Micro ducts can also be installed in previously installed ducts. Its lesser diameter makes it lighter in weight and easy to install by blowing. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

• Available in fibre counts from 48 F & 72 F.

• High fibre density.

• Installed in Micro Duct by blowing.

• Can be installed in Pre-installed ducts by blowing in Micro ducts.

Note: This is recommended for Short haul FTTH networks/Long Haul networks.

Application:

Recommended in Micro ducts for FTTH networks /Long Haul networks.

OUTER JACKET (NYLON)

CENTRAL MEMBER (FRP ROD)

POLYESTER BINDER

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5. OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE FOR FTTH APPLICATION (G.657A)

Description:

This is Metal-free Optical Fibre Cable, using optical fibre conforming to the ITU-T Rec. 657.A for FTTx applications. This cable is to be installed inside the premises/buildings and meant to carry high bit rate optical signals to the end user. The optical fibre being used is bending loss-insensitive which is suitable for fibre to the home application. These cables have low weight, small volume and high flexibility. The optical fibre cable is protected with Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) sheath. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

• Flat cable design for 1F & 2F.

• Uni-tube design for higher fibre count 1F to 12F.

• To be installed within building premises.

• Can be connectorized and terminated in field.

• G.657 fibre makes its in-building installation easier.

Note: This is recommended for FTTH networks.

Application:

Indoor/ FTTHLast Mile

2F Flat Cable Design

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ANNEXURE-V

1. ADSS OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE FOR LAYING ALONG POWER

LINE ALIGNMENTS

(G.652 D FIBRE)

Description:

Multi-tube Double Jacket All-Dielectric Self Supporting (ADSS) cable is multipurpose cable designed for diverse needs. Its robust design and high tensile strength makes it suitable for Aerial application. Dielectric strength member and Anti tracking compound in outer sheath makes it suitable for installation on power lines up to 33 KV. Its Semi dry core cable design makes it light weight and easy to install. This cable can be installed for span length of 100 m. This cable is metal-free and hence, there is no need to ground the cable.

Features:

• Available in fibre counts from 24 F, 48 F & 96 F.

• Can be installed with Power lines up-to 33 KV.

• Anti tracking compound in outer sheath resists dry band arcing.

• Easy to install due to dry core design & easy to peel, but rugged PE jacket.

Application:

ADSS on Power transmission lines (up-to 33 KV Lines)

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2. OPTICAL GROUND WIRE (OPGW) FOR LAYING ALONG POWER LINES

(G.652 D

& G.655

FIBRE)

Description:

Optical Ground Wire Cable is for installation on EHV Transmission lines, up to 400 KV. The cable performs the dual functions of Earth Wire and Optical Fibre Cable. The cable has good mechanical protection with stable temperature performance, as it can be exposed to varying environmental conditions. The cable may also be a replacement to the existing Ground Wire of the system, with no modifications to the Towers.

The OPGW cable is intended to be installed on the new or existing overhead power distribution networks of more than 33 KV and up to 400 KV. The constructional design of Cable Core assembly (Stainless steel loose tube) has been specified, as the design of complete cable depends on a number of variables, viz., electrical, mechanical and physical characteristics of existing alignments and towers.

Features:

• Available in 24 F.

• Can be installed on Transmission lines of more than 33 KV and up-to 400 KV.

• Construction of OPGW cable depends on the electrical and mechanical characteristics of existing alignments and will be different for different power line voltages, fault current, and span lengths, etc.

• The design of the cable also varies with the physical characteristics of towers.

Application:

OPGW on Power transmission lines of more than 33 KV and up-to 400 KV Lines