Forage crops variety testing 1967

FORAGE

CROPS VARIETY TESTING

EVALUATION OF FORAGE CROPS VARIETIES IN NORTH CAROLINA

Numerous forage crops are grown on farms allover North Carolina. The data presented here are summaries of variety tests and are given in one publication for the convenience of persons interested in anyone or a number of different forages.

Only summer annual grasses (Part I) and perennial cool-season forages (Part II) were tested in 1966. It is anticipated that in years to come a larger number of tests with more species will be included in this annual publication.

The separate parts of this report are complete in that each gives information on experimental procedure, locations, and data gathered.

The purpose of this publication is to furnish farmers, seedsmen, agricultural workers, and other interested persons with readily avail-able information with which they can compare hybrids and varieties of forage crops as they may be used for grazing or hay (silage information is included in Research Reports on field crop variety tests).

INTRODUCTION . . . . .

PART I. Summer Annual Grasses .

3

4

Agencies Sponsoring Entries . . . EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE .

. . . .

5

6

Cultural Practices

Harvesting and Sampling . .

Geographical and Climatological Information . RESULTS

Piedmont, Yields, Combined Locations Raleigh, Yields . . . .

Dry Matter Percentage . . . Temperature and Precipitation . . Salisbury, Yields . . . .

Dry Matter Percentage . . . . Leaf-Stem Percentage . . . . .

Crude Protein, Crude Fiber Percentage . Summary, Season Performance. . . . Temperature and Precipitation . .

Seeding Rates, Germination, Stand Counts Coastal Plain, Yields, Combined Locations . .

Willard, Yields .

Dry Matter Percentage • . . .

Temperature and Precipitation . . . .

Plymouth, Yields . . . ·

Dry Matter Percentage . . • . . · Leaf-Stem Percentage . . . . · · · · · Crude Protein, Crude Fiber Percentage .

Summary, Season Performance. . · · · · Temperature and Precipitation ·

1965 Results . . . . · Season Performance Coastal Plain Piedmont

Two-Year and Three-Year Averages

Crude Protein, Total Digestible Nutrients PART II. Cool Season Perennial Forages

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE . · · · . ·

6

7 8

10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19

20

21

22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

32 33

Cultural Practices . . . Harvesting and Sampling

RESULTS . .

Yields . . . . Orchardgrass Fescuegrass . Red Clover . . . .

Ladino Clover . . • . . . Alfalfa . . . .

35

36

36

Part I

Summer Annual Grasses Simulated Grazing Trials

The performance of different varieties of numerous species of forage crops in different areas of the state depends on their adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of the particular area in which they are grown. Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, sudangrass, and pearl millet varieties were tested at four locations in 1966.

The data provide information on the performance of commercial and experimental varieties. Such information provides a guide for the breeder in developing new varieties as well as a guide for the

Table 1. Name, address~ and hybrid designation of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1966 North Carolina Summer Annual Grazing Performance Trials.

Name

Asgrow Seed Company

Cotton Hybrid Research, Inc. DeKalb Agricultural Assoc.

Farmer's Forage Research Coop.

Frontier Hybrids, Inc.

w.

R. Grace

&

Co.

Rudy-Patrick Seed Division Hunt and Tipps Seed Co.

McNair Seed Co.

Northrup, King and Co.

Paymaster Seeds

Pfister Asso. Growers, Inc. Taylor-Evans Seed Co.

Todd Hybrid Sales, Inc.

R. C. Young Seed

&

Grain Co.

Agri. Research Ser., USDA

N. C. Agr. Extension Service

Address P. O. Box 4264

Atlanta, Georgia 30302 Route 2, Winder, Georgia Route 2, Lubbock, Texas

Route 2, Box 290 Lafayette, Inc. 47906 Scott City, Kansas 67871

Route 3

Ames, Iowa 50010 701 - 27th Street Lubbock, Texas 79404 Laurinburg, N. C. 28352

P. O. Box 1612 Lubbock, Texas

Box 1630

Plainview, Texas 79073 Aurora, Illinois

Box 480 Tulia, Texas P. O. Box 66

Abbottstown, Pa. 17301 624-27th Street

Lubbock, Texas Beltsville, Maryland

Raleigh, N. C.

Hybrid Designation Grazer A

Southern Cross Sudax SX-12 Sudax SX-11 FFR-66

Hidan 35 Hidan 39 Mar Su Su I Green-M

McNair 711 66l01-F Trudan 2 Trudan 4 Sordan Sweet Sioux X-5817

Su-Chow P-A-G 35 T-E Haygrazer T-E Grazemaster Hay-Chow 21

Kow Kandy

Gahi I Millet Gahi I I Millet Starr Millet Greenleaf Sudan Piper Sudan Sweet 372 Sudan Suhi I Sudan GM-65

Experimental Procedure

A randomized, complete-block design was used with five replicates. Plots consisted of four rows, 9 in. apart and 20 ft. long. Yields were taken from 18 ft. of the two center rows.

Cultural Practices

Each location received 500 lb./acre of a complete fertilizer before seeding. The amount of any given component varied from location to location according to soil test results, but in each case at least 30 lb. of elemental nitrogen was supplied per acre. Ammonium nitrate (33.5-0-0) was applied as follows: 50 lb. elemental nitrogen per acre (N/A) two weeks prior to the first harvest, 40 lb. N/A after the second harvest, and 50 lb. N/A after the third harvest. The applied pounds of N/A for the season were 190, 180, 170 and 180 for Raleigh, Salisbury, Willard and Plymouth, respectively.

Plots were seeded with a four-row, plot seeder equipped with a seed divider. Seed were weighed for each plot and divided four ways before being deposited into the furrow. Sorghum types were planted at 44 lb./acre, sudangrass and sudangrass types at 33 lb./acre and millets at 28 lb./acre. Seeding rates were adjusted on the basis of germination as determined in our laboratory. Table 14 shows plant populations.

Seeding dates were May 4, 5, 12 and 19 for Willard, Plymouth, Raleigh and Salisbury, respectively.

No cultivation was done at any location, but an application of 2,4-D was

made at Plymouth when seedlings were about four inches tall. Crabgrass

became a problem by the middle of the season at all locations except

Plymouth. Crabgrass was either removed from the sample before weighing,

or the amount of crabgrass was estimated and subtracted from the sample

weight. By reducing the distance between rows, the problem of weed

infestation may have been reduced.

Harvesting and Sampling

Four harvests were made at each location at a time when most

varieties were 30 to 36 in. tall. Plymouth was an exception in that

the first and third harvests were delayed by wet field conditions. The

millets and sorghum-sudan hybrids were 48 to 60 in. tall.

Harvests were made with a sickle-bar mower of the type most commonly

used in experimental forage crop tests. The machine was equipped with

a reel and catch pan and the blade was stablized at 6 in. above the

ground.

Green weights were recorded for each plot directly as they were

cut. Sub-samples were taken from replications one, three, and five,

and their weights were recorded. These sub-samples constituted

approxi-mately twenty-five percent of the total and were dried at 1600 _Fahrenheit

Moisture remaining in the sub-samples was determined by the analytical

laboratory to be between three and five percent. No attempt was made

to standardize dry-weight yields.

Only two locations, one in the Piedmont and one in the Coastal

Plain, were used to gather various data other than green-weight and

After drying, samples were ground through a hammer mill, and a representative portion of the sample was taken before grinding through a Wiley Mill. Crude protein was calculated as percent nitrogen

multi-plied by 6.25.

Samples used for crude fiber determinations were gound through a hammer mill and then composited by harvests over the season constituting

ten percent of the total dry yield. This resulted in three crude fiber

determinations on each variety tested. The A.G.A.C. method was used to

determine crude fiber percent. Nitrogen was analyzed by the Kjeldahl

Process.

Leaf-stem determinations were made from grab samples taken as green

material at the first and third harvests. Data reported are on a

dry-weight basis with determinations having been made from five to twenty

percent of the total harvested yield samples.

HCN (prussic or hydrocyanic acid) samples were taken from the first

and third harvests and immediately frozen between layers of dry ice. A

sample consisted of the topmost randomly selected leaves to yield 100

grams. These samples remain in a frozen state until the analytical

labo-ratory can make HCN determinations. HCN analyses were not made in time

to be included in this report. Therefore, data on this phase will

nec-essarily be omitted from this publication but will appear in the report

to be made on the 1967 tests.

Geographical and Climatological Information

All tests were located on state owned research farms and, except

for the Willard location, all were subjected to extreme drought conditions

involving approximately one-third of the growing season (most of July and

North Carolina State University Research Farm (Raleigh): This farm is located at Raleigh in the extreme eastern part of the Piedmont. Soils of this area are gray sandy-Ioams with red, reddish-yellow, or yellow firm clay subsoils. Slopes are mostly 4 to 12 percent, and most fields have had some erosion. The elevation is approximately four-hundred feet above sea level. This location received 3/4 in. of water by irrigation on July 29.

Piedmont Research Station (Salisbury): This station is approxi-mately in the center of the North Carolina Piedmont area. Soils are mostly of the Cecil-Lloyd clay-loam types with slopes from 4 to 18 per-cent, and slightly to severely eroded. The elevation is approximately eight-hundred feet above sea level.

Coastal Plain Research Station (Willard): This station is in the southeastern section of the state and is approximately fifty feet above sea level. Soils are fair to poorly drained and are of the fine to very fine sandy-loam texture. Although the 1966 test was located on drained land, heavy and frequent rains throughout most of the season may have contributed to the high coefficient of variability (C.V.) shown on yields for this location.

showed considerable damage at this time as did most varieties included in this test.

Results

The data presented in tables 1 through 26 are summaries of the infor-mation obtained on various characters relative to summer annual grasses grown at four locations in North Carolina in 1966: two in the Piedmont and two in the Coastal Plain. Yields (by dates and for the season), leaf and stem percentages, and protein and fiber content are given. Prussic acid (HCN) content for the 1966 tests will be published with the results from the 1967 tests. Two and three-year averages are given for varieties that were tested more than one year. Tables 27 and 28 show chemical values for the 1965 summer annual grass tests.

Dry forage yields, on a combined-location summary of entries, ranged from 2.06 to 4.25 tons/acre in the Piedmont, and from 1.47 to 5.33 tons/ acre in the Coastal Plain.

No attempt is made to specify the superiority of any variety. It would seem, however, that those varieties which are above the mean for a particular test would offer more potential than the others. One must examine all characters over a period of years to determine which variety might be best suited for a particular climatic region, soil type, period of production, or specific farm need.

Table 2. Dry forage yield of summer annual grasses under simulated grazing,Pied-mont Region, combined locations, Raleigh and Salisbury, N. C., 1966.1/

Dry yield of forage per acre (tons) by harvests *

2 yr. Ave. 3 yr. Ave.

2nd 3rd 4th Total 1965-1966 1964-1966

~ Grazer A FFR-66 Hidan 39 X-5817 Haygrazer SX-12 Green M Sordan Mor Su Kow Kandy Su I Sweet Sioux Grazemaster P.A.G. 35 Hay Chow 21

Southern Cross Hidan 35

MEAN OF TEST

Gahi I 711 66101-F Trudan 4 Gahi 2 Piper Trudan 2 Greenleaf Starr Sweet 372

C.v.%

LoS.D.(.05) L. S .D. (.01)

1st 1023 1.24 1.32 1.22 1.12 1.10 1.12 1.19 1.11 1021 1.11 1.07 1.05 0.97 1.02 1.04 1009 1.05 0.81 1.04 1.07 1.18 0.76 1.04 0.93 0091 0.65 0.89 1010 1.16 1004 1,,01 1.08 1.14 1.24 0.99 0.99 1.08 1.09 1.06 1.09 1,,13 1.08 1.02 0.99 1013 0.95 0.90 0.96 1.11 0.90 0089 0.69 0085 0.59

22 ..

4

0.20 0.27 0.85 0.66 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.69 0 ..68 0 ..75 0.81 0.67 0.71 0.71 0.69 0.61 0.67 0.67 0.63 0.71 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.77 0.61 0.66 0.60 0.74 0.44

19 .. 7 0.12 0.16 1.07 0.94 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.88 0.76 0.87 0.80 0075 0.78 0.83 0.76 0.87 0.79 0.83 0.83 0.73 0.79 0.74 0.71 0.53 0.58 0.58 0.63 0.50 0.32 0.14 26.7 0.17 0.23 4.25 4.00 3.98 3.85 3.82 3.81 3.80 3.80 3071 3.71 3.69 3.67 3.59 3.58 3.56 3.56 3.54 3.49 3.44 3.41 3.35 3.34 3.22 3.13 3.11 2.70 2.56 2.06 15.5 0.48 0.63 3.96 3.75 4.02 4.00 3.67 3.45 3.53 3.57 2.98 2077 4.45 4.51 4.15 3.69 4.23 3.74 3.99 4.21 3.75** 3.52**

1/

Average of five replicates.

*

All two-year averages are based on three locations - one in 1965 and two in 1966.

Table 3. Forag~ yield of summer annual grasses unde? simulated grazing at Raleigh (Piedmont), North Carolina, 1966.

1

Yield of forage per acre (tons)

6-22-66 8-6-66 8-23-66 10-12-66 Season's Totals

~ Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry

Grazer A 8.38 1.19 8.87 1.11 5.78 .98 6095 1.32 29.98 4.60

FFR-66 9.17 1.28 8.45 1.07 4.26 .76 5.78 1.07 27.66 4.18

Kow Kandy 9.11 1.32 8.14 1.00 5.31 .80 4.65 .86 27.21 3.98

Green M 7.06 1.04 6046 1.27 4.75 .72 4007 .84 22.34 3.87

Hidan 39 8.02 1.23 6.63 .86 5.51 .92 4.32 .80 24.48 3.81

Mor Su 7.27 1.08 6.95 .90 4.96 .93 4.50 .89 23.68 3.80

Sordan 7.41 1007 6090 .88 5.51 .89 5.15 .95 24.97 3.79

P.A.G. 35 6.82 .97 8017 1.11 4.34 .75 4.91 .94 24.24 3.77

Southern Cross 7.14 .98 7.79 1002 4.27 .75 5.26 1.01 24.46 3.76

Trudan 4 8.85 1027 7.38 .98 4.53 .80 3.51 .70 24.27 3.75

X-5817 7.43 1.14 6.84 .94 4.54 .83 4.15 .80 22.96 3.71

Su I 7.12 1.02 7.36 .92 5.32 .89 4.42 .84 24.22 3.67

SX-12 6.38 .93 6.66 .98 4.81 .83 4.96 .93 22.81 3.67

Haygrazer 6041 .96 6.26 .90 5.40 .94 4.17 .86 22.24 3.66

Gahi I 3.86 .57 7.17 1.00 4.91 .82 5.68 1.19 21.62 3.58

Piper 6.85 1.08 5.59 085 4.55 .81 3.76 .84 20.75 3.58

Suhi I 5.13 .81 6063 096 5.35 .97 4.25 .83 21.36 3.57

MEAN OF TEST .97 .93 .79 .82 3.51

Hay Chow 21 7.13 .94 7.45 .95 4.37 .75 4.35 .86 23.30 3.50

Gahi II 4.84 .65 8.51 1.01 5.94 .88 4.85 .94 24.14 3.48

Grazemaster 6.67 .90 6.81 .98 4.68 .84 3.18 .74 21.34 3.46

Sweet Sioux 5.96 .86 6.57 .89 3.93 .72 4.20 .85 20.66 3.32

711 6.26 .91 6039 .80 4.70 .80 3.96 .78 21.31 3.29

Trudan 2 5.67 .88 6.00 .83 4.51 .76 3.83 .75 20.01 3.22

66101-F 6.47 .97 5.08 .70 5.01 .85 3.57 .69 20.13

3.21

Hidan 35 6.56 .92 5.87 .80 4.30 .72 3.88 .75 20.61 3.19

Starr 4.30 055 7.28 .96 6.96 .90 3.13 .63 21.67

~.O4

BBT-S 6.05 087 8.40 1.15 2025 .42 2.74 .53

19.44 2.97

Greenleaf 4.98 .82 4.41 .69 3.77 .71 3.41 .71 16.57 2.93

GM-65 5.97 .93 4025 .78 2.46 .50 2.33 .53

15.01 2.74

Sweet 372 5.00 .84 3.48 .53 2.43 .45 1.24 .27 12.15 2.09

24.0 27.6 19.1 28.5

16.9

c.v.

% .75

L.S.D. ( .05) .29 .32 .19 .30_.40 1.00

L.S.D. ( .01) .39 .43 .25

Table 4. Percent dry matter of summer annual grassi' at various harvests at Raleigh (Piedmont), North Carolina,

1966.-Dry

matter by dates

Entry P.A.G. 35 Trudan 2 Trudan 4 Sordan Grazer A 711 66101-F Su I Mor Su Haygrazer Grazemaster Hay Chow 21 Southern Cross SX-12 Sweet Sioux X-5817 Kow-Kandy Hidan 35 Hidan 39 Green M FFR-66 Gahi I Gahi I I Starr Greenleaf Piper Sweet 372 Suhi I GM-65 B~T-S 6-22-66 14.2 15.5 14.4 14.4 14.2 14.5 15.0 14.3 14.9 15.0 13.5 13.2 1307 14.6 14.4 15.3 14.5 14.0 15.3 14.7 14.0 14.8 13.4 12.8 16.5 15.8 16.8 15.8 15.6 14.4 8-6-66 13.6 13.8 13.3 12.8 12.5 12.5 13.8 12.5 12.9 14.4 14.4 12.8 13.1 1407 13.5 13.7 1203 13.6 13.0 19.7 12.7 13.9 11.9 13.2 15.6 15.2 15.2 14.5 18.4 13.7 8-23-66 17.3 16.9 17.7 16.2 17.0 17.0 17.0 16.7 18.8 17.4 17.9 17.2 17.6 17.3 18.3 18.3 15.1 16.7 16.7 15.2 17.8 16.7 14.8 12.9 18.8 17.8 18.5 18.1 20.3 18.7 (%) 10-12-66 19.1 19.6 19.9 18.4 19.0 19.7 19.3 19.0 19.8 20.6 23.3 19.8 19.2 18.8 20.2 19.3 18.5 19.3 18.5 20.6 18.5 21.0 19.4 20.1 20.8 22.3 21.8 19.5 22.7 19.3

*

Average 15.6 16.1 15.5 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.9 15.2 16.0 16.5 16.2 15.0 15.4 16.1 16.1 16.2 14.6 15.5 15.6 17.3 15.1 16.6 14.4 14.0 17.7 17.3 17.2 16.7 18.3 15.3

1/

*

Average of three replicates.

Table 5. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at Raleigh-Durham Airport, growing season, 1965-1966.

Departure

Month Mean from long Highest Date Lowest

term mean

Date

Oct. 58.8 -1.7 82 16 24 30

Nov. 50.9 0.9 76 8+ 22 30

Dec. 43.8 109 69 13+ 19 27

Jan. 35.8 -5.8 74 1 3 31

Feb. 42.3 -0.7 68 13+ 15 6

Mar. 49.7 0.2 84 22 20 29+

Apro 57.0 -2.3 86 24 32 17+

May 66.5 -1.1 89 29 33 11

June 73.4 -1.7 94 25 43 2

July 7901 1.2 97 14+ 56 23

Aug. 7707 0.8 93 23+ 58 27+

Sept. 71.0 -0.2 92 3+ 43 17

+

also earlier date or dates.

Table 6. Precipitation in inches at Raleigh-Durham Airport, growing season, 1965-1966.

Departure No. of days with

Month Total from long Greatest in Date precipitation

term mean 24 hours 0.10 in. or ove.r

Oct. 1.77 -0.94 1.59 7 2

Nov. 1.23 -1.54 0.59 22 4

Deco 0.25 -2.77 0.25 25 1

Jan. 5 042 2.20 1.54 22

6

Febo 4.76 1.53 1.58 24

6

Mar. 1.81 ... 1.54 1.50 4

3

Apr. 2.02 -1.50 1.04 28

6

May 4.95 1.43 1.45 21

11

June 3068 -0.02 1.56 18

4

July 0.91 -4058 0.45

30 2

Aug. 5.79 0.59 1.31

4 7

3.58 ..,0.27 1.80 19

6

Table 7. Forage yield of summer annual grasses under simulated grazing at Salisbury (Piedmont), North Carolina, 1966.1/

Yield of forage per acre (tons)

6-30-66 8-9-66 8-29-66 10-19-66 Season's Totals

Entry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry

Hidan 39 7.95 1,,40 6070 1021 3.49 .65 4.93 .. 88 23.07 4.14

Sweet Sioux 6.98 1027 6.43 1 .. 22 3.59 .69 4.50 081 21.50 3.99 X-5817 7025 1~29 5.66 1.07 3073 074 4 .. 71 .86 21c35 3 .. 96 Haygrazer 6,,75 1 .. 28 5 .. 83 1.25 3.57 .63 4036 .79 20.51 3095

SX-12 7.29 1~26 6090 1.30 3035 .55 4888 084 22.42 3.95

Grazer A 7.65 1,,26 6,,15 1.11 3.82 .72 4050 .82 22,,12 3.91

Hidan 35 7846 1 .. 25 6.68 1.18 3.17 .55 5 .. 25 .91 22.56 3.89

FFR-66 7042 1e21 7010 1.26 3829 057 4078 .82 22059 3.86

Sordan 7 .. 39 1031 5098 1010 3.06 .61 4.46 079 20.89 3.81

BBT-S 6.94 1026 8 040 1059 1060 .29 2.98 .62 19.92 3.76

Green M 7.07 1 .. 19 6047 1.21 3.58 .64 3083 .68 20.95 3.72

Grazemaster 6.84 1 .. 19 6 .. 57 1,,20 3.19 054 4.52 .78 21 .. 12 3.71

Su I 6.85 1020 6074 1026 2.70 852 4800 .72 20 .. 33 3.70

Hay Chow 21 7 .. 02 1.10 6045 1021 3.13 059 3.91 .72 20.51 3062

Mor Su 6 .. 65 1.15 6 068 1007 3.59 .69 3089 .71 20.81 3.62

711 6.83 1.17 6eOO 1.11 2.89 .56 3.83 .70 19.55 3054

66101-F 6 .. 76 1.18 5,,85 1.10 2.75 .48 3087 .72 19.23 3048

MEAN OF TEST 1014 1 .. 11 .57 .62 3.44

Kow Kandv 7034 1.09 6.51 1.16 2.90 .53 3060 .. 63 20.35 3.41

P.A.G. 35 5.12 .. 98 5,,88 1 .. 15 2~43 .47 4833 .80 17.76 3.40 Southern Cross 6.29 1010 5.25 1 .. 03 3.44 .58 3,,56 .. 65 18.54 3.36

Gahi I 6.61 1.05 7.08 1,,26 3 047 .64 2.09 .40 19,,25 3031

Trudan 2 5047 .98 5.11 .95 2.87 .55 2.67 ,,50 16.12 2.98

Trudan 4 6.61 1,,09 5074 .95 3027 054 2.04 037 17.66 2.95

Gahi II 5,,74 086 7047 1.20 4.47 ,,65 1.20 .23 18.88 2.94

Piper 5.65 1000 4.92 095 2.08 .42 1.76 032 14041 2.69

Greenleaf 5808 1,,00 3,,32 .69 2.37 .48 1.37 .29 12c14 2.46

Starr 4.93 .75 3.99 074 3,,61 .57 0 0 12.53 2.06

Sweet 372 5.32 094 3.48 .. 66 2014 ,,43 0 0 10.94 2 .. 03

c.v.

% 14 .. 5 16.9 20.8 23.4 13.7

L.S

.n,

( .05) .. 21 824 015 018 .60

LeSoD. ( .01) .28 ..32 .20 025 .79

Table 8. Percent dry matter of summer annual grasses qt various harvests at Salisbury (Piedmont), North Carolina, 1966.1/

8-29-66 10-19-66 Dry matter by dates (%)

~ P.A.G. 35 Trudan 2 Trudan 4 Sordan Grazer A 711 6610l-F Su I Mor Su Haygrazer Grazemaster Hay Chow 21 Southern Cross SX-12 Sweet Sioux X-5817 Kow Kandy Hidan 35 Hidan 39 Green M FFR-66 Gahi I Gahi I I Starr Greenleaf Piper Sweet 372 BBT-S 6-30-66 19.1 17.9 16.5 17.7 16.5 17.1 17.5 17.4 1703 19.0 17.4 15.7 17.5 17.3 18.2 1708 14.9 16.8 1706 16.8 1603 1509 1500 1502 19.7 17.7 17.7 18.2 8-9-66 19.6 18.6 16.6 18.4 18.0 18.5 18.8 18.7 16.0 21.4 18.3 18.8 19.6 18.8 19.0 18.9 17.8 17.7 18.1 18.7 17.7 17.8 16.1 18.5 20.8 19.3 19.0 18.9 19.3 19.2 16.5 19.9 18.8 19.4 17.5 19.3 19.2 17.7 16.9 18.8 16.9 16.4 19.2 19.8 18.3 17.4 18.6 17.9 17.3 17.3 14.5 15.8 20.3 20.2 20.1 18.1 18.5 18.7 17.5 17.7 18.2 18.3 18.6 18.0 18.3 18.1 17.3 18.4 18.3 17.2 18.0 18.3 17.5 17.3 17.8 19.2 17.2 19.1 19.2

o

21.2 18.2

o

20.8 Average* 19.1 18.5 16.7 18.2 17.7 18.1 18.1 18.2 17.4 19.3 17.6 17.6 18.1 17.6 18.6 18.5 16.8 17.2 17.9 17.8 17.1 17.2 15.6 16.4 20.3 18.7 18.6 18.9

1/

Average of three replicates.

Table 9. Leaf and stem percentages of summer annual grasses at Salisbury (Piedmont), North Carolina, 1966.1/

Percent leaves and stems in dry forage

6--30-66 8-29-66 Ave. 2 Harvests

Entry Leaves Stems Leaves Stems Leaves Stems

P.A.G. 35 72 .. 4 27.6 53.1 46.9 6208 37.2

Trudan 2 59.2 4008 70.2 2908 64.7 3503

Trudan 4 54.5 4505 73.4 26.6 64~0 3600

Sordan 61,,1 38.9 69.3 30.7 65.2 34.8

Grazer A 62,,0 38,,0 66.9 33.1 64.5 35.5

711 6607 33,,3 66.4 3306 6606 33.4

66101..,F 6303 3607 72.6 27,,4 6800 32.0

Su I 61~4 38,,6 6207 37.3 62.0 38.0

Mar Su 57,,9 4/..1 65.7 34.3 61.8 38.2

Haygrazer 64.4 3506 65.1 34,,9 64.8 3502

Grazernaster 65c2 34.8 7405 25.5 69.9 30.1

Hay Chow 21 55.8 44,2 63.6 3604 5907 40.3

Southern Cross 61e7 38,3 6407 35.3 63.2 36.8

SX-12 69,4 30,,6 72.4 2706 70.9 29.1

Sweet Sioux 59 .. 8 40c2 68.1 3109 64.0 36.0

X-5817 6400 36,0 73.2 2608 68.6 31.4

Kow Kandy 59,,6 40.4 7407 25.3 6702 32.8

Hidan 35 62.6 37 .. 4 60.2 39.8 61.4 38.6

Hidan 39 59.3 40e7 66.1 3309 6207 37.3

Green M 57.9 4201 6304 36,6 60c7 39.3

FFR-66 60.8 3902 68.8 31.2 64.8 3502

Gahi I 90.8 902 7605 23e5 8307 16.3

Gahi II 90.1 9.9 67.5 32.5 7808 21.2

Starr 97.4 2.6 70.2 29,,8 83.8 16.2

Greenleaf 63Q8 3602 6905 30.5 66,,7 3303

Piper 50.7 49,,3 65.3 34.7 5800 42.0

Sweet 372 54,,2 4508 70.1 29.9 62.2 37.8

BBT-S 7204 2706 75,,3 2407 7309 2601

Table 10. Percentage by harvests, of crude protein and dig~stib1e protein and percent~ges of cru1e fiber for the season, Salisbury (Piedm~nt)

North Caro1~na, 1966.1 '

1 2 3 _{4 Crude}

C.P. D.P. C.P. D.P. C~P. D.P. C.P. D.P. Fiber

Entry _{70 % % % %}

% % % %

PAG 35 13.1 8.8 17.0 12.5 12.8 8.6 13.0 8.8 28.1

Trudan 2 12.5 8.3 14.4 10.1 12.7 8.5 13.2 9.0 28.9

Trudan 4 14.2 9.9 14.8 10.5 13.2 8.9 16.0 11.6 27.7

Sordan 13.6 9.4 14.7 10.4 13.4 9.2 14.1 9.8 27.9

Grazer A 14.1 9.8 14.7 10.3 13.3 9.0 13.2 9.0 27.4

711 13.3 9.0 14.5 10.1 13.5 9.2 13.5 9.3 27.3

66101-F 13.2 8.9 16.9 12.4 13.2 8.9 12.7 8.5 28.4

Su I 14.6 10.3 15.0 10.7 13.4 9.1 14.2 9.9 27.7

Mor Su 14.1 9.8 14.3 10.0 13.2 8.9 13.1 8.8 28.4

Haygrazer 13.0 8.7 14.4 1000 13.1 8.9 13.3 9.1 27.3 Grazemaster 14.4 10.1 14.3 10.0 13.3 9.0 14.4 10.1 27.3 Hay Chow 21 14.4 10.0 15.7 11.3 12.3 8.1 12.3 8.1 27.9 Southern Cross 13.8 9.5 15.7 11.3 13.7 9.4 14.0 9.7 28.4

SX-12 12.6 8.4 1400 9.7 13.6 9.3 12.6 8.4 28.6

Sweet Sioux 13.4 9.2 13.6 9.4 13.1 8.8 12.6 8.4 28.5

X-5817 13.8 9.5 13.8 9.5 13.1 8.9 12.8 8.6 29.0

Kow Kandy 14.0 9.7 15.5 11.1 12.3 8.1 14.0 9.7 28.1

Hidan 35 13.9 9.6 15.2 10.8 13.5 9.2 12.9 8.6 29.5

Hidan 39 13.8 9.5 15.9 11.4 13.8 9.5 13.7 9.5 29.1

Green M 14.0 9.7 14.9 10.5 13.0 8.7 13.4 9.1 28.6

FFR-66 12.6 8.4 13.9 9.6 12.7 8.5 11.9 7.7 28.8

Gahi I 16.1 11.7 16.6 12.2 15.1 10.7 14.2 9.9 26.8

Gahi II 17.4 12.8 16.0 11.6 15.0 10.7 13.7 9.4 27.1

Starr 16.9 12.4 15.5 11.1 14.5 10.2 25.6

Greenleaf 14.3 9.9 15.9 11.5 13.9 9.6 15.4 11.0 27.5

Piper 13.0 8.8 15.8 11.3 13.2 9.0 14.7 10.4 28.7

Sweet 372 13.9 9.6 16.7 12.2 14.7 10.4 26.2

BBT-S 11.3 7.2 15.8 11.3 12.2 8.1 13.8 9.5 28.7

General Mean 13.8 1501 13.3 13.6 28.1

% 9 8 8 8 4

C.

v.

( .05) 2.0 200 1.8 1.8 1.9

L. S. D.

(.01) 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.5

L. S. D.

Table 11. Performance of summer annual gras

_I7s

for the season at Salisbury (Piedmont), North Carolina,

1966.-Digestible Total Digestible Estimated Dry Wt. Crude Protein Protein Nutrients Net Energy

Entry (Tons) % 1b/acre % 1b/a % 1b/acre % 1b/acre

Hidan 39 4.14 14.5 1178 10.1 826 59.3 4824 48.0 3906

Sweet Sioux 3.99 13.2 985 9.0 670 59.7 4442 48.6 3615

X-58l7 3.96 13.4 1117 9.2 763 59.4 4925 48.2 3990

Haygrazer 3.95 13.5 1087 9.3 744 60.6 4868 49.7 4000

SX-12 3.95 13.2 1046 9.0 710 59.6 4727 48.5 3843

Grazer A 3.91 13.9 1037 9.6 716 60.5 4537 49.6 3722

Hidan 35 3.89 14.0 1080 9.7 748 59.0 4554 47.6 3673

FFR-66 3 .. 86 12.9 1022 8.6 686 59.5 4740 48.3 3846

Sordan 3.81 1400 1007 9.7 697 60.2 4335 49.2 3545

BBT-S 3.76 13.7 1043 9.5 719 59.6 4512 48.4 3664

Green M 3.72 14.0 1135 9.7 787 59.7 4828 48.5 3927

Grazemaster 3.71 14.2 1063 9.9 736 60.6 4599 49.8 3778

Su I 3.70 14.5 1019 10.2 714 60.3 4255 49.4 3491

Hay Chow 21 3.62 14.1 999 9.8 695 60.1 4234 49.2 3460

Mor Su 3.62 13.8 1111 9.5 765 59.8 4829 48.8 3934

711 3.54 13.7 994 9.4 684 60.6 4384 49.8 3603

66101-F 3.48 14.4 993 1000 694 59.8 4129 48.7 3361

General Mean 3.44 14.1 1007 9.8 699 60.0 4296 49.0 3504

Kow Kandy 3.41 14.3 1038 10.0 724 60.0 4361 49.0 3560

PAG 35 3.40 14.4 983 10.1 687 60.0 4121 49.0 3364

Southern Cross 3.36 14.4 1048 10.1 734 59.8 4337 48.7 3531

Gahi I 3.31 15.9 1042 11.5 750 60.9 4013 50.3 3311

Trudan 2 2.98 13.3 801 9.1 545 59.4 3572 48.2 2897

Trudan 4 2.95 14.5 921 10.1 644 60.3 3847 49.3 3151

Gahi II 2.94 16.1 1001 11.7 724 60.7 3779 49.9 3103

Piper 2.69 14.3 775 9.9 539 59.6 3258 48.4 2646

Greenleaf 2.46 14.9 659 10.5 466 60.4 2674 49.6 2194

St a r rw 2.06 15.8 580 11.4 414 61.7 2311 51.4 1918

Sweet 372* 2.03 1'3.0 643 10.6 456 61.3 2622 50.8 2171

C. V. % 14 12 12 1 12 2. 12

L. S. D. ( .05) 0060 1.5 193 1.5 139 1.3 871 1.8 703

L. S. D. (.01) 0.79 2.0 258 2.0 186 1.7 1165 2.4 939

*

Statistical data do not include Starr millet and Sweet 372 sudangrass since they had no yield on the last harvest0

Table 12. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at Salisbury (Piedmont), N. C., growing season 1965-1966.

Departure

Month Mean _{from long Highest Date}

Lowest Date term mean

Octo 58.4 -1,,0 82 17+ 20 30

Novo 5006 0,,6 _{75 9+ 18 30}

Deco 42.6 009 68 13 14 20

Jan. 35.4 -304 71 2 -9 31

Feb. 41.2 -1.0 64 13 13 6+

Maro 4901 0~8 81 22 17 29+

Apr. 5706 -1.,8 82 24 21 5

May 6608 -009 88 29 30 11

June 72.5 -1.0 95 29+ 40 2

July 78.4 1.2 99 28 54 31

Aug. 76.0 -0,,6 93 19 52 27

Sept. 6804 -109 91 3 45 10+

+

also earlier date or dates

Table 13. Precipitation in inches at Salisbury (Piedmont), N.

c.

growing season, 1965-19660

of days with No.

Departure

precipitation

Month Total from long Greatest in Date

0.10 in. or over term mean 24 hours

3.77 0.33 1.65 7 4

Oct.

1.49 -1.62 0.44 11 6

Nov.

0.35 -2.44 0.29 25 1

Dec.

3,,21 -0020 0.61 22 10

Jan.

1.18 1.42 28 8

Feb. 5058

-2014 1.68 4 2

Mar. 2.02

-2022 0.72 22 4

Apr. 1060

-0.95 0.60 24 6

May 2.37

~2.39 0.98 10 3

June 2,,43

-1.49 1.19 30 4

July 2,,81

1.13 13 6

Aug. 3065 -0002

1.63 19 5

Table 14. Seeding rates, yermination and stand counts of summer annual grasse3 (1966) __/

..'~

Rate/ A'" % Actual Plants/A (in 1000's)

Entry lbs. Germination Sa1isbury-Wil1ard-P1ymouth

P.A.G. 35 44 84 296

Trudan 2 33 94 485 454 470

Trudan 4 33 92 534 587 560

Sordan 44 90 327 399 381

Grazer A 44 96 375 352 463

711 44 68 342 334 459

66l0l-F 44 80 428 376 350

Su I 44 90 370

Mar Su 44 92 366

Haygrazer 44 96 360 376 419

Grazemaster 44 80 293 341 407

Hay Chow 21 44 78 276

Southern Cross 44 90 346 317 366

SX-12 44 92 448 502 502

Sweet Sioux 44 92 290 278 345

X-58l7 44 90 385 394 471

Kow Kandy 44 90 360

Hidan 35 44 88 404

Hidan 39 44 62 652

Green M 44 92 315 330 365

FFR-66 44 90 275 323 302

Gahi I 28 94 624 585 459

Gahi II 28 86 855 560 590

Starr 28 88 874 695 675,,;'e*

Greenleaf 33 92 695 680 662

Piper 33 96 703 643 471

Sweet 372 33 96 715 640 594

Suhi I 33 84 497

GM-65 44 78 357

BBT-S 44 90 403 427 439

SX-ll 44 90 350 357

1/

Stand counts at the Raleigh location were not made, but by observation the stand was sufficient for obtaining good yields.

-Ie _{Pure live seed = sEeding rate adjusted to germinable seed.}

Table 15. Dry forage yield of summer annual grasses under simulated graz' Coastal Plain region, combined locations, Plymouth and Willard,

1966.!~'

Dry yield of forage per acre (tons) by harvest

2 yr. Ave.* 3 yr. Ave. 2nd 3rd 4th Total 1965-1966 1964-1966 ~ Gahi 2 Gahi 1 Grazer A FFR-66 Haygrazer Grazemaster Green M Southern Cross Sweet Sioux BBT-S X-58l7 SX-12 66101-F MEAN OF TEST SX-ll 711 Sordan Trudan 2 Trudan 4 Greenleaf Piper Sweet 372

C.v.

% LoS.D. (.05) LoS.D. (.01) 1st .79 .64 1.24 1.12 1.27 1.24 1024 1,,08 1.27 .95 1.22 .98 .97 1.00 1.11 1.06 .86 .94 .58 .68 .70 29.3 0.26 0.34 2,,25 1097 .96 .95 .86 ,,85 ,98 1.01 .86 1.22 .80 .85 .81 .83 .64 .82 ,,57 25.4 0.23 0.30 1.20 1.09 1.35 1049 1.44 1.55 1.43 1.31 1.20 1.04 1.05 1.20 1.12 1.10 1.16 1.10 1.04 .95 .84 .85 .68 .11 21.5 0.21 0.28 1.09 1.18 1.23 1.11 .99 .91 .82 .99 .85 .93 .68 .85 .82 0.76 .74 .65 .65 .46 .36 .35 .21 .09 29.8 0.20 0.27 5.33 4.88 4.78 4.67 4.56 4.55 4.47 4.39 4.18 4.14 3.87 3.86 3.66 3.60 3.08 2.97 2.42 2.39 1.47 16.3 0.56 0.74 3.94 3.96 3.51 3.40 2.10

5. 13* ·k 5.07**

4.22 3.58 4.28

4.00-k

*

4.18 3.83 2.72 2.62**

1-/

*

**

Average of five replicates. 1965 and

All two year averages are based on three locations - one in two in 1966.

Table 16. Forage yield of summer annual grasses under simulated grazing at Willard (Coastal Plain), North Carolina, 19660

11

Yield of forage per acre (tons)

6-21--66 7-14-66 8-19-66 10-18-66 Season's Totals

Entry Green Dry ']reen Dry Green Dry Green Dry Gree.n Dry

Gahi 2 7.44 96 11~36 1.73 4045 .95 3.09 .94 26.34 4.58

Gahi 1 4.87 ~75 10,,07 1.55 2.42 .62 4.36 1.19 21.72 4.11

Grazer A 7001 1~00 4.97 .85 1.83 .75 3.93 1.03 17.74 3.63

Starr 4,,97 068 10.47 1.61 2.97 .64 2.42 .69 20.83 3.62

FFR-66 6.13 .91 5 .. 09 096 2080 .71 3.27 1.00 17.29 3.58

Haygrazer 6.36 ,91 4~95 083 2.20 .61 2.95 .87 16046 3.22

Grazemaster 5.36 .84 3,,99 071 2,,85 .73 2.44 075 14.64 3.03

Sweet Sioux 7~44 1.12 4,,68 .78 1023 054 1.93 .54 15.28 2.98

Green M 5051 ,87 4,92 093 2019 .72 1.99 .45 14.61 2097

Southern Cross _3"84 u61 5074 1.07 1.47 043 2082 .81 13.87 2.92

BBT-S 4$80 .79 6004 loll .85 .27 1.84 .58 13.53 2.75

X-5817 6.01 .98 5.17 1001 1~36 .41 097 .31 13.51 2.71

MEAN OF TEST ~74 .90 .45 .51 2.61

SX-12 4,69 70 .~,89 .80 1.49 039 1098 .56 13005 2.45

66101-F 3064- .60 4.86 .96 1.16 033 1.58 .49 11.24 2=38

Sordan 6064 093 4 014 .71 1.34 .39 1.02 .28 13.14 2.31

SX-11 3086 ~59 5e07 089 1.53 .40 1013 032 11.59 2.20

GM-65 3,,74 ,,65 3.61 .72 .92 .29 1.32 .43 9.59 2.09

711 4.35 ,67 3016 .61 1.80 .38 .71 .19 10.02 1.85

Trudan 4 40 7 6 074 4047 075 .83 .22 .31 .09 10.37 1.80

Trudan 2 304.4 ,,56 3087 .69 1.03 028 .39 .10 8.73 1.63

Greenleaf 2.36 037 2(58 .50 .76 .21 033 .10 6.03 1.18

Piper 2043 .. 44 2067 .. 55 023 .08 0 0 5.33 1.07

Sweet 372 2.06 .38 2,,23 .38 016 .07 0 0 4.54 .83

.,'r;

c.v.

% 43 00 28,0 47.3 49.3 25.4

LoS

.n,

( .05) 0,,40 0,32 0.27 0032 0.84

L.SoDc (.01) 0054 0042 0.36 0.42 1.11

11

Average of five. replicates.

Table 17. Percent dry matter of summer annual grasses at various harvests at Willard (Coastal Plain), North Carolina, 1966.l/

Dry matter by dates (%)

Entry 6-21-66 7-14-66 8-19-66 10-18-66 Average*

Trudan 2 16.3 17.8 27.2 25.6 18.7

Trudan 4 15 .. 4 16.8 26.5 29.0 17.4

Sordan 14.0 17 .1 29.1 27.5 17.6

Grazer A 14.3 17.1 41.0 26.2 20.5

711 15.4 19.3 21.1 26.8 18.5

66l01-F 1605 19.8 28.4 31.0 21.2

Haygrazer 14.3 16.8 27.7 29.5 19.6

Grazemaster 15.7 17.8 25.6 30.7 20.7

Southern Cross 1509 18.6 29.3 28.7 21.1

SX-1l 15.3 17.6 26.1 28.3 19.0

SX-12 1409 16.4 26.2 28.3 18.8

Sweet Sioux 1501 16.7 43.9 28.0 19.5

X-58l7 16.3 19.5 30.1 32.0 20.1

Green-M 15.8 18.9 25.4 22.6 20.3

FFR-66 14.8 18.9 25.4 30.6 20.7

Gahi I 15 04 15.4 25.6 27.3 18.9

Gahi II 12.9 15.2 21.3 30.4 17.4

Starr 13<7 15.4 21.5 28.5 17.4

Greenleaf 15.7 19.4 27.6 30.3 19.6

Piper 1801 20.6 34.8 0 20.1

Sweet 372 18.4 17.0 43.8 0 18.7

GM-65 17.4 19.9 31.5 32.6 21.8

BBT-S 1605 18.4 31.8 31.5 20.3

1/

Average of three replicates. for season as percent of total green weight

Table 18. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at Willard (Coastal Plain), N. C. , growing season, 1965-1966.

Departure

Month Mean from long Highest Date Lowest Date

term mean

Oct. 61.8 -202 82 16+ 25 30

Nov. 54.7 0.4 78 7 29 30

Dec. 46.4 -0.5 76 13 17 8

Jan. 41.0 -6.3 75 2+ 13 30

Feb. 46.6 -1~9 76 16 18 6

Mar. 52,,3 -1,,8 81 22 24 9

Apro 6003 - 2 '"'"L- 84 1 30 11

May 68.1 -2,,2 87 29 34 11

June 72.5 ~407 93 25+ 44 2

July 78w3 -1.3 94 20+ 57 22

Aug. 77.1 -105 93 22 56 2

Sept" 72.4 -107 93 3 48 17

+

also earlier date or dateso

Table 19. Precipitation in inches at Willard (Coastal Plain), N. C. , growing season, 1965-660

Departure No. of days with

Month Total from long Greatest in Date precipitation

term mean 24 hours 0.10 in. or over

Oct. 2.33 -0045 1.94 7 2

Novo 1.93 -0.95 1.22 22 3

Dec. 0.48 -2.79 0.27 13 2

Jan. 8006 5020 2.23 22 11

Feb. 6,,58 3004 3.60 28 8

Mar. 3085 0018 1.75 4 6

Apr" 1.80 ~0.96 0.74 28 4

May 5.23 1.57 2.11 20 10

June 4.22 ~O.51 2.24 11 6

July 8.10 0054 1.65 15 10

Aug. 9.80 3,,82 1.52 25 15

Table 20. Forage yield of summer annual grasses under simulated grazing at Plymouth (Coastal P1ain)~ North Carolina, 1966011

Yield of forage per acre (tons)

6-28-66 8-3,.,66 8-30-66 10-20-66 Season's Totals

Entry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry

Gahi II 4027 u62 13,54 2~76 9.93 1.45 6.03 1.23 33077 6.06 Grazemaster 11.02 1.63 4092 .98 15.34 2.36 5.25 1.07 36.53 6.04 Green M 11 .. 16 1~61 4~97 1 cO2 13.30 2,,13 6.06 1 .. 20 35049 5.96 Grazer A 9~54 1,,48 5 .. 17 1,,07 12.81 1.95 7.42 1.42 34094 5.92 Haygrazer 11.44 1063 4030 .89 13,,91 2,,27 5071 1.11 35.36 5.90 Southern Cross 11 .. 14 1.55 4~81 .96 13.89 2016 6.31 1018 36.15 5.85 Suhi I 7055 1021 5,,02 1.08 13.97 2.23 6.88 1.33 33.42 5.85 FFR-66 10004 1 . .33 4,,85 .95 15.52 2.28 6.57 1.22 36098 5.78 Gahi I 4,,30 .53 12009 2.39 10.90 1.56 5091 1016 33.20 5.64 BBT-S 7.44 1.12 6,23 1.33 11080 1.81 6.44 1028 31.91 5.54 SX-11 10,85 1.48 4057 .. 95 12029 1.92 6 .. 23 1.16 33.94 5.51 66101-F 9086 1 33 5,,14 1.06 12.67 1091 6 .. 02 1.16 33.69 5.46 711 10c28 1.54 5 .. 00 .99 11,92 1.82 5057 loll 32.77 5.46 SX-12 8?73 1.26 4.94 1,,03 12u65 2.01 6,,23 1.15 32.55 5.45 Sweet Sioux 9.80 1.~1 4.64 ,,95 11070 1.87 6.03 1.16 32.17 5.39 X-5817 9,62 1 46 5.17 1.11 10.32 1.69 5026 1,,05 30.37 5.31

MEAN OF TEST 1.25 1014 1.78 1.03 5.18

Sordan 8,16 1~18 4.91 <99 10.73 1.68 5.58 1.03 29.38 4.88 Trudan 2 7.38 1017 40 3 5 ,,93 9.78 1.62 3.62 .81

25.13 4.53 Trudan 4 8.07 1.15 4.46 .92 9.61 1.47 3.06 062 25020

4.16 Piper 5.83 .93 4c 5 5 1008 7.01 1.28 1081

.41 19.20 3.70 Greenleaf 5,,13 .79 3.57 ,79 8.89 1.49 2062 .61 20.21

3.68

Sweet 372 6 077 1,02 3047 076 5 .. 56 .16 .83 .18 16063

2.12

Sta rrw No yield

21.0 22.8 14.8 1807 11.7

CoV. % _.24 .77

L.S.D. (.05) .33 .33 .33

(.01) ,4l~ .44 .44 .32

1.02 LoS.Do

1/

Average of five replicates. _{Climatological}

"k Died of unknown causes, See discussion, Geographical and

Table 21. Percent dry matter of summer annual grasses at v,rious harvests at Plymouth (Coastal Plain), North Carolina, 1966.1

Dry matter by dates

(%)

~ 6-28-66 8-3-66 8-30-66 10-20-66 Average*

Trudan 2 15.9 21.4 16.6 22.4 18.0

Trudan

4

14-.3 20.6 15.3 20.3 16.5

Sordan 14.5 20.2 15.7 18.5 16.6

Grazer A 15.5 20.7 15.2 19.1 16.9

711 15.0 19.8 15.3 19.9 16.7

66101-F 13.5 20.6 15.1 19.3 16.2

Haygrazer 14.2 20.7 16.3 19.4 16.7

Grazemaster 14.8 19.9 15.4 20.4 16.5

Southern Cross 13.9 20.0 15.6 18.7 16.2

SX-ll 13.6 20.8 15.6 18.6 16.2

SX-12 14.4 20.9 15.9 18.5 16.7

Sweet Sioux 14.4 20.5 16.0 19.2 16.8

X-5817 15.2 21.5 16.4 20.0 17.5

Green M 14.4 20.5 16.0 19.8 16.8

FFR-66 13.2 19.6 14.7 18.6 15.6

Gahi I 12.3 19.8 14.3 19.6 17.0

Gahi II 14.5 20.4 14.6 20.4 17.9

Starr** No yield

Greenleaf 15.4 22.1 16.8 23.3 18.2

Piper 16.0 23.7 18.3 22.7 19.3

Sweet 372 15.1 21.9 2.9 21.7 12.7

Suhi I 16.0 21.5 16.0 19.3 17.5

BBT-S 1501 21.3 15.3 19.9 17.4

1/

Average of three replicates.

Table 220 Leaf and stem percentages of summer annQal grasses at Plymouth (Coastal Plain)) North Carolina, 1966.

1/

Percent leaves and stems in dry forages

6-28-66 8-30-66 Ave. Two Harvests

Entry Leaves Stems Leaves Stems Leaves Stems

Trudan 2 48.2 51.8 4805 51.5 48.4 51.6

Trudan 4 51,3 4807 53.5 46.5 5204 47.6

Sordan 56 01 43 .. 9 46.1 53.9 5101 48.9

Grazer A 5808 41" 2 44.0 56DO 51.4 48.6

711 51.2 4808 45.6 54.4 48.4 51.6

66l0l-F 60,,0 40.0 41.9 58.1 51.0 49.0

Haygrazer 5302 46.8 41.6 58.4 47.4 52.6

Grazemaster 54.2 4508 44.2 55.8 49.2 50.8

Southern Cross 4704 52.6 41.7 58.3 44.6 55.4

SX-ll 50 .. 7 49.3 45.9 54.1 48.3 51.7

SX-l2 57,,5 4205 47.8 52.2 5207 47.3

Sweet Sioux 46 .. 7 53.3 49.1 50.9 47.9 52.1

X-58l7 5003 49,,7 47.8 52.2 49.0 51.0

Green M 51e4 48.6 40.1 59.9 45.8 54.2

FFR-66 50c3 49"7 42.3 57c7 46.3 53.7

Gahi I 88.1 11.9 57.0 43.0 72.6 27.4

Gahi II 85eO 1500 46.1 53.9 65.6 34.4

Starr* No Yield

Greenleaf 58.4 41 D6 50.8 49.2 54.6 45.4

Piper 49.8 5002 46.6 53.4 48.2 51.8

Sweet 372 54,,1 4509 51.2 48.8 52.7 47.3

Suhi I 55.4 4Lt 06 44 .. 1 55.9 49.8 50.2

BBT-S 68.8 31 .. 2 65.3 34 .. 7 67.0

33.0

1/

Average of three replicateso

Table 23. Percentages, by harvests, of crude protein and digestible protein, and percentages of crude fiber for the season, Plymouth (Coastal Plain), North Carolina, 1966.1/

1 2 3 4 Crude

C.P. D.P. C.P. D.P. C.P. D.P. C.P. D.P. Fiber

Entry % % % % % % % % %

Trudan 2 11.4 7.3 8.8 4.9 11.7 7.6 10.9 6.9 31.5

Trudan 4 11.8 7.6 11.1 7.0 13.0 8.8 13.5 9.3 31.4

Sordan 10.7 6.7 10.6 6.6 10.3 6.2 10.4 6.3 32.3

Grazer A 10.3 6.3 9.6 5.6 11.0 6.9 10.9 6.8 31.6

711 11.1 7.0 10.6 6.6 11.1 7.0 11.7 7.5 31.1

66101-F 10.8 6.7 10.7 6.7 11.0 6.9 11.7 7.6 31.3

Haygrazer 10.2 6.2 12.1 7.9 10.9 6.8 12.0 7.8 32.0

Grazemaster 11.0 6.9 11.4 7.3 9.3 5.4 12.7 8.5 32.1

Southern Cross 10.6 6.5 12.2 8.0 10.4 6.3 11.7 7.6 31.4

SX-11 11.1 7.0 10.6 6.6 10.0 5.9 11.7 7.5 30.1

SX-12 11.1 7.0 10.3 6.3 11.2 7 .1 11.9 7.7 31.9

Sweet Sioux 11.1 700 10.8 6.7 10.4 6.3 11.3 7.2 32.0

X-5817 12.3 8.1 9.9 5.9 10.3 6.2 11.1 7.0 31.1

Green M 11.0 6.9 11.5 7.4 10.3 6.2 11.1 7.0 30.4

FFR-66 11.3 7.2 11.1 7.0 10.3 6.3 11.3 7.2 32.4

Gahi I 16.0 11.6 7.0 3.2 11.3 7 .1 10. 6.0 31.8

Gahi II 17.5 13.0 6.9 3.1 10.4 6.4 10.4 6.3 31.2

Greenleaf 12.3 8.1 11.5 7.4 11.7 7.5 13.8 9.5 30.4

Piper 12.9 8.7 9.6 5.6 13.5 9.3 12.9 8.7 30.1

Sweet 372 11.4 7.3 10.8 6.7 13.9 9.6 15.6 11.2 29.3

Suhi I 13.0 8.8 11.6 7.4 10.3 6.2 10.8 6.8 31.3

BBT-S 11.1 7.0 9.3 5.3 11.7 7.6 11.7 7.5 30.8

General Mean 11.8 10.4 11.1 11.8 31.2

C.

v.

% 11 9 6 ₇ 3

L.

S. D. (.05) 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.4

L.

S. D. (.01) 3.0 2.8 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.8

Table 24. Performance of summer annual grasses for the season at Plymouth (Coastal Plain), North Carolina, 1966.1/

Dry Wte (Tons ) Crude Protein % 1b/acre Digestible Protein

10 1b / a

Total Digestible Nutrients % 1b/acre Estimated Net Energy % lb/acre Gahi II Grazemaster Green M Grazer A Haygrazer Southern Cross Suhi I FFR-66 Gahi I BBT-S SX-ll 66l01-F 711 SX-12 Sweet Sioux X-58l7 General Mean Sordan Trudan 2 Trudan 4 Piper Greenleaf Sweet 372 Starr* C. V. % L. S. D. (.05) L. S. D. (.01)

6.06 6.04 5.96 5.92 5.90 5.85 5.85 5.78 5.64 5.54 5.51 5.46 5.46 5.45 5.39 5.31 5.18 4.88 4.53 4.16 3.70 3.68 2.12 12 .77 1.02 9.6 10.6 10.8 10.4 10.8 10.9 11.1 10.9 9.7 10.9 10.7 11.1 11.0 11.2 10.8 10.9 10.9 10.3 10.7 12.3 12.1 12.1 11.8 1153 1170 1196 1212 1305 1385 1370 1291 1192 1254 1182 1252 1253 1263 1167 1121 1148 1083 1040 1021 871 901 566 13 244 326 5.6 676 605 721 6.7 743 6.3 741 7.0 823 6.8 867 6.7 865 6.8 805 5.7 698 6.8 783 6.6 732 7.0 791 7.0 789 7.1 800 6.7 725 6.8 700 6.9 717 6.3 660 6.7 649 8.1 673 8.0 571 8.0 592 7.5 368 14 0.7 160 0.9 221 57.9 57.2 58.4 57.6 57.4 57.7 5708 57.0 57.5 58.2 58.6 57.8 57.9 57.4 57.3 57.9 57.8 57.1 57.6 57.8 58.6 58.4 59.2 1 0.9 1.2 6911 6320 6482 6711 6739 7315 7117 6780 7096 6691 6495 6522 6566 6469 6205 5976 6096 5973 5548 4795 4230 4338 2833 11 1102 1473 46.1 45.1 46.7 45.6 45.3 45.8 45.9 44.8 45.5 46.4 47.1 46.0 46.1 45.4 45.3 46.1 46.0 45.0 45.7 45.9 47.1 46.8 47.8 2. 1.3 1.7 5497 4979 5189 5314 5321 5806 5652 5331 5611 5337 5216 5185 5222 5112 4897 4754 4840 4703 4396 3807 3396 3474 2290 11 856 1144

1/

Dry matter yields are averages of five replicates._{three replicates; each replicate percentage having been obtained by dividing the}Percentages are averages of

total component for the season by the dry matter yield for the season. This method of calculation gives proper weight to each separate component in separate cuttings for each replicate individually.

Table 25. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at Plymouth (Coastal Plain), North Carolina, 1965-66.

Departure

Month Mean from long Highest Date Lowest Date

term mean (13 yr. Ave.)

Oct. 59.7 ~1. 8* 81 14+ 22 30

Nov. 52.1 -004"-: 76 16+ 25 30

Dec. 44.6 1" 2;'\ 72 31+ 15 8

Jan. 3901 ~2,,6 75 2 9 30

Feb" 43.2 ~2~O 72 13 16 6

Mar" 50.6 -002 83 22 22 29

Apr. 56.8 ~J.8 85 24 27 11+

May 6601 -2.1 88 29+ 32 11

June 7Ie7 ~2,,4 92 24 43 2

July 78.4 0.2 98 13 50 22

Aug. 76.8 -0.LJ. 93 19 55 2+

Sept. 71.2 ~Oo4 92 4 43 17

Table 26. Precipitation in inches at Plymouth (Coastal Plain), North Carolina, 1965-66.

Depar~ure No. of days with

Month Total from long Greatest in Date precipitation 0.10

term mean 24 hours inches or over

(13 v c . Ave.)

Oct. 1~94 -1.53* 1.27 7 3

Nov. .63 - 2 .42"~ .48 22 2

Dec. .55 -2" 59':"c:' .55 13 1

Jan. 6.63 Le05 1.68 6 11

Feb. 5.65 1.10 2.03 28 8

Maro 1.80 -1.92 1.32 4 3

Apr. 1.71 -1~26 .32 28 6

May 11012 6.80 1.88 22 12

June 3.57 -1.10 1.11 17 5

July .77 -4.43 .44 31 3

Aug. 10.93 3.79 2.39 24 14

Septa 4083 -0.91 1002 20 8

+

also earlier date or dates

Table 27. Performance of summer qnnua1_{North Carolina, 1965.}

1 /

grasses at Lewiston (Coastal Plain),

~

Gahi I I Millet

Gahi I Millet

SX-12 SP-110

Southern Cross #2

Forager I Green Graze Chow Maker Neb. Hyb. P-100 Grofast Green1an Thurn erbird Mor Su Haygrazer SX-11 Sweet Sioux Sordan 3083 X 711 Su I Starr Millet Kow Kandy Honey Sweet

Trudan I I

Trudan IV

Greenleaf Sudan

Trudan I I I

Piper Sudan Trudan I Common Sudan Sweet 372 Stoneville Syn. Grazemaster Dry Wt. (tons) 5.53 5.20 4.97 4.94 4.77 4.74 4.68 4.67 4.64 4.64 4.63 4.56 4.47 4.43 4.40 4.37 4.37 4.32 4.28 4.21 4.09 4.06 3.99 3.97 3.93 3.82 3.55 3.49 3.34 3.32 3.20 2.72 2.68 2.67 Ave. % C. P. 9.4 9.4 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.2 8.8 8.9 10.6 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.6 8.8 9.1 8.6 8.4 8.9 8.8 9.0 8.8 11.1 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.0 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.8 10.4 10.4 11.8 Total Lb. C. P. 1042 976 878 860 818 776 827 828 981 782 797 794 770 779 802 750 732 766 749 757 719 902 754 741 738 685 683 660 629 625 629 564 555 628 %C.F. 29.8 26.1 29.5 30.7 29.7 31.2 30.4 30.1 29.0 30.3 29.0 30.1 29.0 29.8 30.4 29.7 30.1 31.0 30.8 30.6 27.2 28.0 28.5 28.1 31.9 27.7 28.2 29.6 29.1 31.6 26.3 27.7 27.1 28.8 % T.D.N. 58.8 61.4 59.0 58.2 58.9 57.9 58.4 58.6 59.4 58.5 59.4 58.6 59.4 58.8 58.4 58.9 58.6 58.0 58.2 58.3 60.6 60.1 59.7 60.0 57.4 60.3 59.9 59.0 59.3 57.6 61.3 60.3 60.7 59.5 Total Lb. T.D.N. 6503 6386 5865 5750 5619 5489 5466 5473 5512 5429 5500 5344 5310 5210 5139 5148 5122 5011 4982 4909 4957 4880 4764 4764 4512 4607 4253 4118 3961 3825 3923 3280 3254 3177 %E.N.E. 47.4 50.9 47.7 46.5 47.5 46.0 46.8 47.1 48.1 46.9 48.1 47.1 48.1 47.4 46.8 47.5 47.1 46.2 46.4 46.6 49.9 49.1 48.6 49.0 45.4 49.4 48.9 47.6 48.0 45.6 50.7 49.4 50.0 48.3

Table 28. Performance of summer rnnua1 grasses at Salisbury (Piedmont) 7

North Carolina, 1965.

1

Dry Wt. Ave. % Total Lb. Total Lb.

Entry (tons) C. P. C. P. % C.F. % T.D.N. T.D.N. %E.N.E.

P-100 4.76 14.8 1411 27.3 60.6 5769 49.8

SX-12 4.73 15.4 1455 27.3 60.6 5733 49.8

Haygrazer 4.70 15.5 1460 26.6 61.1 5743 50.4

SP-110 4.61 15.2 1403 27.9 60.2 5550 49.2

Connnon Sudan 4.61 14.0 1290 27.8 60.2 5550 49.3

Gahi I Millet 4.48 18.4 1645 24.5 62.5 5600 52.5

Green1an 4.46 15.8 1410 27.4 60.5 5397 49.7

P.A.G. 35 4.45 15.8 1406 26.6 61.1 5438 50.4

Hay Chow 21 4.44 15.7 1394 27.2 60.6 5381 49.9

3083 X 4.35 15.5 1350 26.4 61.2 5324 50.6

Thunderbird 4.35 15.4 1338 26.4 61.2 5324 50.6

Forager I 4.28 15.1 1290 27.8 60.2 5153 49.3

Hidan 38 4.25 15.7 1338 26.6 61.1 5194 50.4

Trudan III 4.18 15.7 1309 27.1 60.7 5075 50.0

Magic Vigor 4.17 16.1 3139 26.0 61.5 5129 51.0

Sweet Sioux 4.17 15.6 1301 27.0 60.8 5071 50.1

Chow Maker 4.15 15.5 1283 26.6 60.1 4988 50.4

H-35 X 4.14 16.1 1332 27.5 60.4 5001 49.6

Sordan 4.12 15.3 1263 26.9 60.8 5010 50.2

Green Graze 4.08 15.3 1251 27.2 60.6 4945 49.9

Trudan II 4.03 15.1 1216 28.0 60.1 4844 49.1

Gahi II Millet 3.93 18.7 1466 24.2 62.7 4928 52.7

Piper Sudan 3.93 15.2 1192 26.5 61.1 4802 50.5

711 3.92 16.0 1256 26.2 61.3 4806 50.8

Neb. Hybrid 3.88 16.5 1281 27.0 60.8 4718 50.1

Mor SU 3.84 15.6 1198 27.4 60.5 4646 49.7

Kow Kandy 3.79 15.7 1190 25.6 61.7 4677 51.4

Hidan 37 3.72 15.4 1148 26.6 61.1 4546 50.4

Southern Cross #2 3.68 16.3 1203 26.2 61.3 4512 50.8

Greenleaf Sudan 3.64 15.0 1092 26.4 61.2 4455 50.6

Trudan IV 3.56 14.8 1052 27.7 60.3 4293 49.4

A 1038 G 3.54 15.6 1108 26.8 60.9 4312 50.2

Sweet 372 Sudan 3.48 15.8 1103 26.0 61.5 4280 51.0

Starr Millet 3.40 20.0 1359 22.0 64.2 4366 54.9

Su I 3.36 16.3 1095 27.1 60.7 4079 50.0

Trudan I 3.11 15.3 952 27.8 60.2 3744 49.3

Stoneville Syn. 2.86 15.2 872 24.1 62.8 3592 52.8

Grazemaster 2.78 16.8 933 26.0 61.5 3419 51.0

Coastal Plain

1965

&

1966 Ave. 1964, 1965

&

1966 Ave. Crude

Entry Protein TDN Crude Protein

SX-12 1071 6167 969

Haygrazer 1054 5939 977

Gahi I Millet 1084 6741 1079

Sweet Sioux 950 5664 863

Gahi I I Millet 1098 6707 1108

1102 6467 1035

792 4296 716

899 4749 871

966 5822 901

750 4096 696

925 5492 1005 5738 Mor Su

Southern Cross Greenleaf

Su I

Grazemaster SX-11 Piper Sordan Hay Chow 21

711 Kow Kandy

P.A.G. 35 Trudan 2 Trudan 4 Starr*

Sweet 372

889 853

565

5030 4701

3057

Piedmont

1965

&

1966 Ave. 1964, 1965

&

1966 Ave. Crude

Protein TDN Crude Protein

1251 5230 1341

1274 5306 1349

1344 4807 1445

1143 4757 1264

1234 4354 1333

1155 4738 1260

1125 4425 1243

876 3565 1030

1057 4167 1127

998 4009 1169

984 4030 1135 4673 1197 4808 1125 4595 1114 4519 1195 4780 1009 4208 987 4070 970 3339 873 3451

1/ Averages are based on one location each year.

*

Starr millet died at one Coastal Plain location in 1966 - See discussion on Georgraphical and Climatological Information.

Part II

Perennial Cool Season Forages Grasses and Legumes

Certain perennial cool season forages: ladino clover, alfalfa, red clover, orchardgrass and fescuegrass, were tested at one location in the Piedmont in 1966. One other location of ladino clover (Plymouth, in the Tidewater area) was abandoned after one harvest in 1966. Other seedings of perennial forage tests were made in the fall of 1966.

The following data provide information on the performance of commercial and experimental varieties. It should be emphasized, how-ever, that these tables represent trials at one location for one year only. Therefore, they can at best be only a partial indication of what one might expect over a period of years at a specific location.

Experimental Procedure

A randomized, complete-block design was used with four replicates. Plots were 5 by 20 ft., and a 2 by 18 ft. strip was taken from the center for yields.

Cultural Practices

Time and rates of seeding, fertilization and management was done in accordance with standard practices applicable to each of the various cool season forages included in these tests. This being the first

harvest year after seeding, no mineral fertilizer was applied. Fertilizer application at the time of seeding included 1000 lb. 2-12-12 per acre and one ton dolomitic limestone per acre. Agricultural borax was applied to the alfalfa at the rate of 15 lb./acre.

February 22 and 100 lb. N/A on September 12. Harvesting and Sampling

Harvests were made approximately monthly or as growth permitted and was done with a sickle-bar mower. The entire yield sample (2 by 18 ft.) was hand raked and then dried at 1600 Farenheit. Moisture remaining in

the samples was not more than five percent. No standardization to a specific moisture level was made.

No chemical determinations such as crude protein or crude fiber were made on perennials in 1966.

Results

Yields on all perennial tests, except alfalfa, were good when con-sideration is given to the fact that drought conditions were prevalent

(see Part I, Geographical and Climatological Information).

Yields of white clover in pure stand ranged from 5632 lb/acre to 6727 lb/acre. Clover-grass mixtures in the same test were only slightly higher than the pure stand of clover of the same variety.

Orchardgrass varieties ranged in yields from 4214 lb/acre to 8678 lb/acre, but most yields were above 7000 lb/acre.

The two fescue varieties tested yielded 5265 and 6526 lb/acre which is somewhat lower than the top yielding orchardgrass at the same location.

Red clover yields were from 6917 lb/acre to 7698 lb/acre. Amclo, an Arrowleaf clover, in the same test yielded 4800 lb/acre.

No statement as to the superiority or inferiority of a given variety will be made on the basis of one year's data. One should note the high yielding new varieties and watch their performance through the following

Table 29. Dry forage yields of orchardgrass strains at Raleigh, North Carolina, 1966.1/

Pounds Dry Forage Per Acre _Season's

Entry 5-9-66 6-14-66 10-13-66 Totals

Potomac 4259 1565 2056 7880

Boone (Ky. ) 4702 1657 2319 8678

Va. 58-V-1 3444 1841 2025 7310

Danish~\· 1729 933 1550 4212

1/ Average of four replicates.

Stand estimated to be only 80 percent. Other entries were 100 percent

Table 30. Dry forage yields of fescue strains at Raleigh, North Carolina, 1966.1/

Pounds Dry Forage Per Acre

Season's

Entry 5-10-66 6-13-66 10-14-66 Totals

Ky. 31 3060 1012 2454 6526

Kenwe11 1838 1160 2267 5265

1/ Average of four replicates.

Table 31. Dry forage yields of red clover strains at Raleigh, North Carolina, 1966.1/

Pounds Dry Forage Per Acre

Season's

Entry 4-6-66 5-24-66 6-14-66 10-13-66 Totals

Chesapeake 2149 2102 1835 1612 7698

Ken1and 1673 2232 2025 1312 7242

Ky. Syn. A-2 1659 2304 1989 1296 7248

Orbit 1656 2096 2037 1128 6917

Amc10 (Arrowleaf 1437 3363 4800

clover)

1966.-1 "

Pounds Dry Forage Per Acre*

5-10-66 _{6-13-66 10-13-66}

Season's Totals

Entry _{Clover Grass Clover}

Grass Clover Grass Clover _{Clover + Grass} Tillman (S.C. Syn.)··k* 2532 _{2347 1091}

5970

Oregon _{2376 2253}

686 ₅₃₁₅

Regal _{3136 2589}

1002 ₆₇₂₇

Espanso _{2677 2219}

736 ₅₆₃₂

Merit _{2866 2104}

678 ₅₆₄₈

Ore.

+

Kenwell 2649 220 2245 31 740 11 5634 5896

Ore.

+

Ky. 31 2637 553 2231 73 752 21 5620 6267

Tillman

+

Ky. 31** 1431 913 2255 120 1024 336 4710 6079

l/

Average of four replicates.

* Calculations based on percentage botanical composition estimates.

**

Poor stand of Tillman variety because of poor germination.

Table 33. Dry forage yields of white clover when grown in assiciation with orchardgrass, Plymouth, North Carolina, 1966.1

Pounds Dry Forage Per Acre 6-3-66*

Entry Clover Grass Gras s + Clover % Clover 10 Grass 10 Weeds

Bohnert 620 1464 2084 27.9 65.9 6.2

Gran1adino 683 1434 2117 31.4 65.9 2.7

La. S-l 682 1155 1837 35.3 59.7 5.0

Gibson's Exp.(S.C.Syn)949 1107 2056 45.8 53.3 0.9

Regal 669 1588 2257 29.0 68.6 2.4

Salina 242 804 1046 13.6 45.0 41.4

l/

Average of six replicates.

~ Harvested only once due to intermixing of varieties between plots.

Table 34. Dry forage yield; of alfalfa varieties at Raleigh, North Carolina, 1966.1

Pounds Dry Forage Per Acre _Season's

5-24-66 7-7-66 8-24-66 Totals

Entry

2497 1190 981 4668

N. C. 1

2527 780 796 4103

Cherokee

2227 900 883 4010

Atlantic

2434 1104 845 4383

Dupuits

Prepared by C. T. Blake and

J. Dan Washburn, Agronomy Extension Specialists

Misc. Extension Publication No. 23

March

1967

.L;,,/- rV

(Crop Science

~esearch

Report No. 22)

~v, tI ~

Publ ished by

THE NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE

orth Carolina~te University at Raleigh and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperating. State College Station,