APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING. /dlbcrra REFRIGERATION MECHANIC. Program MANPOWER. Apprenticeship and Trade Certicication

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(1)APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING. REFRIGERATION. MECHANIC Program. /dlbcrra MANPOWER Apprenticeship and Trade Certicication.

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(3) TABLE OF CONTENTS The Goal. of Apprenticeship Training. 1. Basic Requirements. 2. Credits. 2. Benefits. 2. Directions for Prospective Apprentices. 3. Apprenticeship Route Toward. 4. Certification. Apprenticeship Committee Structure Apprenticeship Committee. Procedures. for. 5. Members. Recommending. Revision(s) to the. 5. Course Outline. 6. Safety Education. Subjects and Time. 6 Distribution. .. 8. COURSE OUTLINE First. Period Subjects. 9. Second Period Subjects. 19. Third Period Subjects. 27. Fourth Period Subjects. 39. Suggested Reference Materials. 48. Technical Training Schools. Location of Apprenticeship and Trade Certification Regional Offices. Trade Regulation. 49 .49. 50.

(4) Digitized by the Internet Archive in. 2016. https://archive.org/details/apprenticeshiptr00albe_0.

(5) REFRIGERATION MECHANIC TRADE THE GOAL OF APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING To develop a competent tradesman who, through skill and knowledge, is capable of taining units or systems used for the provision of refrigeration and air conditioning.. THE PRODUCT OF APPRENTICESHIP Have a thorough knowledge air. — a graduate who. of the principle. components. is. able. installing. and main-. to:. of refrigeration systems, heat cool units. and. conditioning.. Have a thorough knowledge of and air conditioning industry.. Be capable Have an. electrical. and automatic controls used. of assembling, installing or overhauling. intimate. knowledge. of other. all. in all. aspects of the refrigeration. components.. mechanical trades which contribute to refrigeration and. air. con-. ditioning systems.. Be. familiar with the. work. Be. proficient in the. use of test instruments.. of other. tradesmen. in. Exercise good judgement and resourcefulness. the construction industry.. in. construction, maintenance and Occupational Health. and Safety.. 1.

(6) REFRIGERATION MECHANIC APPRENTICESHIP INFORMATION Basic Requirements: Indenture for four periods of Trade experience and training.. Attend an eight. Fulfill. week. technical training course. in. the. first,. second,. the requirements for each period including 1800 hours of. third. and fourth periods.. work experience. inclusive of time spent at the training. course; successfully complete the technical training course and obtain a satisfactory employer’s report.. Education. — a minimum requirement. is. the completion of grade 9 or a pass on an equivalent entrance examination as. prescribed by the Trade Regulation. (Emphasis on Math and Physics. Age. — the minimum age for apprentices. is. 16 years. There. is. is. advisable). no upper age. limit.. Credits:. Accelerated patterns of apprenticeship. may be granted. for related technical training. and/or experience.. Benefits: is a learning-while-earning program. While working at the trade during apprenticeship, apprentices are assured by regulation of a minimum percentage of journeyman rates; 50% during first period, 60% during second period, 75% during third period, 85% during fourth period. Progress from one rate to the next takes place only after successful completion of all the requirements for each period.. Apprenticeship. apprentices 17 years of age and older are normally eligible for training allowances while attending technical training courses. These allowances are funded by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission. All. amount of training allowance Canada Employment Centre for details.. Administrative procedures establishing the. circumstances. Contact a local. is. complex and can vary with an. individual’s. An apprentice who successfully completes the program will graduate with an Alberta Completion of Apprenticeship Certificate and a Journeyman Certificate of Proficiency. It is also possible for the graduate to obtain an interprovincial Red Seal by passing an additional examination and so become recognized as a qualified tradesman throughout Canada. The most trade and tunity for. significant benefit to the is. able to. graduate apprentice. make a worthwhile and. is. that he. is. well trained. in. technical. productive contribution to society. Society. an above-average income and successful livelihood.. 2. and. practical aspects of the. in return, will. provide an oppor-.

(7) DIRECTIONS FOR PROSPECTIVE APPRENTICES Contact your nearest Apprenticeship and Trade Certification for detailed information and counselling (see. on page. list. of offices. 49).. Obtain application forms. in. duplicate from the Apprenticeship and Trade Certification and neatly complete, on both. copies, the information requested from the apprentice.. Contact. in. person firms that employ Refrigeration Mechanics and apply for an apprentice position. Present your apprenforms to the person who interviews you so that he will know who you are and what you can offer his. tice application firm.. Persevere. in. the search for apprentice. employment and upon obtaining employment, leave the. application with the. employer. Attach to the apprentice application a copy (transcript) of the marks for your last year of school. Applicants. have been. their. school transcripts or a grade nine standing are required to write an entrance examination.. lost,. contact Alberta Education for information on school transcripts.. Any time credit, for previous experience in the Refrigeration Mechanic and requested on the application forms by the employer.. A. contract of apprenticeship. months. is. trade, should. If. who do. not. transcripts have. be discussed with the employer. entered into between the apprentice and the employer and should be signed within three have been approved. If contracts have not been issued within this time, contact. after the apprentice applications. the Apprenticeship and Trade Certification Office.. —. Before signing the contract of apprenticeship read the complete document carefully know your obligations and employer know the employer’s obligations and responsibilities to you feel confident you have selected the right occupation.. —. responsibilities to your. —. Know when you will be expected to attend classes and be prepared to attend. School schedules employer and notice to attend classes will be sent to you.. PREPARE. IN. ADVANCE. for the financial obligations required of. you during school. training.. will. be sent to your. Reference materials and. school supplies are paid for by the apprentice.. While an apprentice,. it. will. be your responsibility to respond promptly to mailed directions and requests from the. Apprenticeship and Trade Certification.. 3.

(8) APPRENTICESHIP ROUTE TOWARD CERTIFICATION. 4.

(9) APPRENTICESHIP COMMITTEE STRUCTURE Refrigeration. The. Mechanic Provincial Apprenticeship Committee. Provincial Apprenticeship. Committee. Apprenticeship Committees from the This Committee. and Trade. is. for the Refrigeration. cities of. Edmonton and. Mechanic Trade. is. comprised of members from Local. Calgary.. concerned with the policies that guide the program and make recommendations to the Apprenticeship Board and the Executive Director of Apprenticeship and Trade Certification in the following areas:. Certification. Contribute current information relative to changes. Make recommendations Assist. in. for. changes. in. the trade and requirements of industry.. to existing trade regulations.. updating of the training program through recommendations for revisions to the course outline and. attendant examinations.. Refrigeration. Mechanic Local Apprenticeship Committee. Local Apprenticeship Committees are concerned with individuals and trade situations within a local region. Meetings are. make recommendations and to discuss problems relating to the apprenticeship program. Members who serve on committees are nominated by employer and labour organizations, and membership is equally divided into employer and employee representation in accordance with The Manpower Development Act. held throughout the year to. Apprenticeship Committee Members:. — Edmonton — Employee (Alternate) — Edmonton — Employer (Alternate) Mr. W. Lowrie — Edmonton — Employer Mr. Che — Edmonton — Employer Mr. Wells — Edmonton — Employee Mr. D. Duchak — Calgary — Employee (Alternate) Mr. A. Hettinger — Calgary — Employer Mr. Mitchell — Calgary — Employee Mr. Montgomery — Calgary — Employer Mr. A. Sorochak — Calgary — Employer Mr. G. Vachon — Calgary — Employer (Alternate). Mr. K. Burger Mr. W.. Koshman. J.. B.. J.. J.. 5.

(10) REFRIGERATION MECHANIC PROGRAM COURSE OUTLINE This outline has been prepared the Refrigeration. The. outline. was updated. accordance with recommendations from the Provincial Apprenticeship Committee. in. Mechanic Trade. in. for. the Province of Alberta.. following consideration given to. recommendations and suggestions from:. Local Apprenticeship Committees. Representatives from training institutes Curriculum Sub-Committee of the Provincial Apprenticeship Committee. PROCEDURES FOR RECOMMENDING COURSE OUTLINE. REVISION(S) TO THE Any concerned. citizen or. group. in. the Province of Alberta. may make recommendations. for. change by. writing to the. Apprenticeship and Trade Certification, Edmonton.. It. is. requested that recommendations for change refer to specific areas and state references used. Recommendations will be placed before regular meetings of the Provincial Apprenticeship Committee.. received. SAFETY EDUCATION Safe working procedures and conditions, accident prevention and the preservation of health is of primary importance in in Alberta. These responsibilities are shared and require the joint efforts of the government,. the Apprenticeship programs. employers, employees and the general public. Therefore, that. may. lead to injury or. harm and. variables and behaviors that. may. it. is. all parties become aware of circumstances and environment can be created by controlling the. imperative that. that safe learning experiences. contribute to or cause an accident and/or an injury.. It is generally recognized that a safe attitude contributes to an accident free environment. As a result a healthy safe attitude towards accident will benefit an employee by helping to avoid injury, loss of time and loss of pay.. A tradesman. is. possibly. exposed. to. more hazards than any other person. in. the. work force and. Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations dealing with his safety rules applying to each job.. familiar with the. own. therefore, should be. personal safety and the special. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS Employer’s Responsibilities: Accident prevention and the provisions of safe working conditions are the responsibilities of an employer. The is. responsible 1. .. 2.. company. for:. The provision and maintenance The provision. of safety. of protective devices. equipment. and clothing (as required by the Occupational Health & Safety. Safety Regulations) 3.. The enforcement. 4.. Adequate safeguards. 5.. Observance. 6.. Adequate. of. all. of safe. working procedures. for machinery,. equipment and tools. accident prevention regulations. training to allow a. worker. to. use or operate equipment. 6. in. an effective and safe manner.. Act, General.

(11) Government’s Responsibilities: Apprenticeship and Trade Certification. in. conjunction with the respective Provincial Apprenticeship Committee. the responsibility to assure that adequate safety. is. reflected in the curriculum. assumes. and that adequate safety instruction. is. presented at the training establishments.. The Occupational Health and Safety Inspection Branch assumes the to. responsibility for periodic inspection of the operation. ensure that regulations for industry are being correctly observed.. Individual’s Responsibilities:. The employee. is. responsible. for:. 1.. Knowing and working. 2.. Working. The major. in. in. accordance with the safety regulations pertaining to job environment and;. such a way as not to endanger himself or his fellow employees. factor in safety. is. the individual employee, his personal attitude toward safety and having an awareness of the. respective safety regulation.. 7.

(12) REFRIGERATION MECHANIC PROGRAM. Subjects and Time Distribution. First. Period. 8. Weeks. 30 Hours Per. Week. Second Period. and Refrigeration Theory and Refrigeration Shop Welding (Theory and Shop) Electrical (Theory and Shop) 8 Weeks 30 Hours Per Week. Section One:. Air Conditioning. Section Two:. Air Conditioning. Section One: Section Two:. Section Three: Section Four:. Air Conditioning Air Conditioning. and Refrigeration Theory and Refrigeration Shop (Theory and Shop). 240 Hours 88 64 24 64 240 Hours. Section Three:. Electrical. Section Four:. Controls. 64 64 72 24. Section Five:. Blueprint Reading. 16. Third Period. 8. Section One:. Section Five:. and Refrigeration Theory and Refrigeration Shop Electrical (Theory and Shop) Blueprint Reading Controls (Theory and Shop). Fourth Period. 8. Section One:. Air Conditioning. Section Two: Section Three:. Section Four:. Section Two: Section Three:. Weeks. 30 Hours Per. Week. Air Conditioning Air Conditioning. Weeks. 30 Hours Per. Week. and Refrigeration Theory Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Shop Controls (Theory and Shop). 8. 240 Hours 80 64 56 24 16. 240 Hours 72 72 96.

(13) FIRST PERIOD TECHNICAL TRAINING. COURSE OUTLINE AIR CONDITIONING. SECTION ONE:. AND REFRIGERATION THEORY. Upon successful completion A.. 88 Hours. COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC. each section the apprentice should be able. of. 2 Hours. Applications. 1.. History. 1.. Describe the evolution of refrigeration and. 2.. Scope. 1.. Recognize the need for refrigeration and cooling and preserving food (a) building environments (b) commercial refrigeration (c) (d). B. 1.. C. 1.. 3.. conditioning including:. industrial refrigeration. 6 Hours. Review S.l.. (b). Use. 1.. square and cubic measure; area and volume calculations; ratio and proportion; weights and measures; percentage; metric system and conversion methods.. and Imperial Systems of a Simple Calculator. Physics (Imperial and. Calculate whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, decimals; linear,. 12 Hours. S.l.). Matter. 1.. Describe matter (a). 2.. definition.. it’s. air. Basic Mathematics. (a). Energy. Force,. to:. Work and Power. 1. .. in it’s. three basic states:. solid. (b). liquid. (c). vapours. Define energy and describe (a). kinetic. (b). potential. it. as to molecular movement:. 2.. Explain the basic thermodynamics of energy.. 1. Define force, work and power.. .. 2.. Describe the applied physics fundamental to the function of a refrigeration system.. 3. 4.. Pressure (a). (c). measurement gauge. (d). absolute. (e). scales and scale conversion vapour pressure. (b). (f). 5.. 1. .. units. Specific Gravity. Solve problems concerning force, work and power. Define pressure and describe the fundamentals of including those. 2.. Convert absolute to and from gauge pressure.. 3.. List the. 1.. (b) 6.. D. 1.. Psychrometrics (Basics). 1. .. instruments for indicating positive and absolute pressures.. Define specific gravity and relate (a). water hydro-carbons. it. — natural and. Describe the properties of. in. physics. liquified. to:. petroleum. air.. Occupational Health and Safety Regulations Study of the Regulations. 1. .. 2.. 8 Hours. Learn the. first. aid regulations.. Be aware (a). listed.. of general accident prevention regulations with emphasis on: general safety precautions. (b). housekeeping, personal protective equipment, clothing. (c). respiratory protective equipment. (d). confined space entry. (e). electrical wiring. 9. and equipment.

(14) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC (f). powerlines. (h). compressed and liquid gas systems compressed air prohibition. (i). explosive actuated fastening tools. (g). — hazards and safety precautions. (j). refrigerants. (k). grinding. (l). use of safeguards. (m) ladders (n). protection from falling materials. (o). and roof openings, perimeter guardrails temporary floor, temporary supporting structures. (p). (q) (r). (s) 2.. 3.. Fire Prevention. and Controls. Other Concerns. floor. hoisting units. refrigerant. Identify the types of fires. 2.. Define the. 3.. Describe ways to prevent. 1.. Outline. critical. areas. and available extinguishers.. in. the industry. fires. and work. emergency procedures and how workman.. in safety.. to obtain assistance for the. 2.. Know. 3.. Describe the industrial health hazards: fumes and skin contact with toxic substance (a) noise (b). the procedures for obtaining. first. aid training. and. certification.. Gas Laws. 2 Hours. Law. 1.. Boyle's. 2.. Charles’. 3.. Perfect. 4.. Dalton’s. 1. .. Describe gas laws specifically related to the refrigeration system as follows:. Law. (a). F.. filling. 1.. injured. E.. — slings. and propane containers working on burn outs, acids, etc. over. Gas Law. (b) (c). Law. Boyle’s and Charles’ Law Combined Gas Law Dalton’s Law of partial pressures. 2.. Solve problems pertaining to the Gas Laws.. Define heat and describe the applied physics fundamental to the function. 12 Hours. Heat. 1.. Definition. 1.. 2.. Heat. 1. of a refrigeration system.. (a). sensible. (b). latent. (c). specific. (d). fusion. (e). vapourization. (f). sublimation. .. 2.. (g) (h). 3.. they relate to the function of a. Describe the factors causing a change of state and relate these. superheat subcooling. Units of. Forms (a). how. specifically to the refrigeration cycle.. Measurement. (Imperial. and. 1.. SI). 4.. Define the different kinds of heat and refrigeration system.. Heat Transfer conduction of. 1. .. 2. (b). convection. (c). radiation. (d). thermal quantities and. Define the following:. thermal unit. (a). British. (b). ton of refrigeration. (c). joule. (d). kilowatt. Define the forms of heat transfer.. Perform practical experiments to reinforce the three heat transfer methods: conduction (a) (b). convection. (c). radiation. transfers. 10.

(15) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 5.. 6.. Temperature (a). scales. (b). converstion. 1.. Describe temperature indicating instruments, thermometer types and. 2.. Solve problems concerning temperature conversion.. 3.. Convert temperature readings to and from absolute temperatures.. installations.. Heat Content (Enthalpy). Define heat content (Enthalpy) and. 1. cycle and 7.. Range. of Flammability. 1.. how. Describe the. it. is. Combustion Principles. 1. .. 2.. will. upper and lower percent of gas support combustion.. .. 2.. Describe the causes, results and dangers of incomplete combustion. 8 Hours. Basic Cycle. Other Cycles. Identify. Describe the mechanical cycle. 1.. H.. Cycle Controls. and describe the essential components. 1.. 2.. 1. .. of the basic system.. in detail.. Identify the following cycles: (a). absorption. (b). evaporative. (c). vortex tube thermal electric. (d) 3.. Identify the basic refrigeration controls: (a). thermostat. (b). pressurestat. 10 Hours. Refrigerants. 1.. Definition. 1. .. 2.. Purpose. 1. .. 3.. Classifications. 1. .. 4.. Characteristics, Selection. 1. .. Handling. (d) (e). propane(270). (b) (c). (f). and. Define refrigerant. Explain the purpose of a refrigerant. Identify the different classifications of refrigerants.. Read and. interpret tables. and charts.. of:. R12 R22 R502 R717. (a). other refrigerants. in. elements that are necessary for the combustion of a gas.. Refrigeration Cycle. G. 1. List the. relationship to the refrigeration. limits of flammability of. the air/gas mixture that 8.. its. measured.. 2.. Identify the refrigerants listed. and. their characteristic properties. and. determine the general applications for each.. hazardous refrigerants and safety precautions.. 3.. Identify. 4.. Determine safe-handling methods. 5.. Determine the correct procedures to: determine the safe capacity for a service cylinder (a) (b) transfer refrigerant into approved refillable containers (c) use scales and charging cylinders to determine the weight of. for the refrigerant. and. its. container.. refrigerant (d). (e). identify the hazardous by-products or results of refrigerant combustion identify and safely handle contaminated refrigerants. 6.. Identify cylinder colour coding.. 1.. Read and. Refrigerant Oils. I.. 1.. Selection and Types. 2 Hours. 2.. interpret manufacturers’ charts. and. Identify the characteristics of refrigerant oils (a). viscosity. (b). pour point. (c). miscibility. (d). wax. (e). flash point. content. 11. tables.. such. as:.

(16) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 3.. Select refrigerant. based on manufacturers’ recommendations. oil. according to application requirements. 2.. System Operation. 3.. Handling and Storage. 1.. Check the system. 2.. Identify the correct. 1.. Determine the methods of handling and storing the. 2.. Identify correct clean-up (a). oil spills. (b). disposal. for. proper operating. methods. oil level.. of adding or. procedures. removing. oils. oil. safely.. for:. Compressors. J. 1.. Types. 12 Hours 1.. Identify the different types of. compressors used. in. the refrigeration. industry including: (a). 2.. 3.. Principles of Operation. Valves. 1.. 1.. reciprocating. (b). rotary. (c). centrifugal. (d). screw. (e). others. Identify operating principles of the following (a). reciprocating. (b). rotory. compressors:. Describe the types of compressor valves including: ring plate type valves flexing disc or reed type valves (b) (a). (c). discus. 2.. Describe the action and arrangements of the valves and valve plates, suction and discharge valve operation. Identify the parts of. 4.. Parts. 1. .. 5.. Lubrication. 1. .. Identify. compressor. compressors and lubrication. their function.. methods including the fundamentals. of. operation of the following:. 6.. Capacity. (a). splash feed. (b). force feed. 1.. Differentiate. 1.. Identify. between. theoretical. and actual compressor displacement. 12 Hours. Evaporator Metering Devices. K. 1.. Capillary. Tube. and describe the construction and operating principles. of the. capillary tube. 2.. Expansion Valves hand. 1.. (b). automatic. (c). thermostatic. (d). thermoelectric. Identify. listed.. 2.. Describe the application of the metering devices. 3.. Establish the superheat reading of the T.X. valve.. 4.. (b). tools and equipment for: removing and replacing the T.X. valve testing and adjusting the T.X. valve. Floats. L.. .. 2.. Refrigerant Floats Oil. listed.. Name (a). 1. and describe the construction and operating principles of the. types of refrigerant control devices. (a). 2 Hours 1.. Identify. and describe operation of. Floats. 12. floats..

(17) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC. A. 1.. Hand Tools. (Selection, of,. 10 Hours. screwdrivers. (b). wrenches: (ii). use and. 1. .. but not limited to). (a). (i). pipe adjustable 2.. (iii). box/open end. (iv). torque. (v). socket keys. (c). alien. (d). scrapers. (e) (f). hacksaws files and reamers. (g). pliers. (h). (n). size. (b). application to specific materials. (c). capacity. (d). operating range. Determine the methods of assembling and adjusting the necessary hand. Read and comprehend charts and. Correctly perform preventive maintenance and identify and report. metal. hand tools. defective 5.. (b). restricted operations. (c). the. most. fastening. (iv). cutting. material removal. masonry 1.. Correctly select refrigeration tools based on:. type. (b). swaging. (b). size. (c). bending. (c). capacity. (d). cutting. (d). operation. 2.. select. 1. .. and use powertools of. (v) (vi). electric drills. hammers. power saws impact wrenches power grinders. Correctly use refrigeration tools. 2.. pipe cutting and threading. machines. for:. (a). type of operation to be performed. (b). type of material to be used. (c). (d). dimensional restrictions in which to operate necessary force to be applied. (e). operating rate. (f). most. efficient. usage. Correctly select and use (a). the following types:. electric. and design. Maintain and store hand tools. 3.. Power Tools. (iv). performance of the following:. holding. (ii). (a). (ii). efficient. (iii). flaring. (iii). for:. threading. (i). (a). (i). for corrective action or replacement.. safe operation. (v). Refrigeration Tools. (a). tables for torquing.. Determine the methods of using the hand tools. bits. (ii) (iii). their:. 3.. hammers. wood. terms of. and design. (a). (a). (i). in. 4.. cutters. drill. hand tools specified. Identify the types of. tools.. and shears drifts and punches (j) (k) taps and dies (l) clamps and vises (m) pipe, stud, and bolt, extractors (i). 3.. 64 Hours. Tools and Instruments. maintenance. 2.. AND REFRIGERATION SHOP. AIR CONDITIONING. SECTION TWO:. in. power. safe working conditions. tools. based on:. types. (b). sizes. (c). operating ranges. Correctly select and use accessories based on: (a). types. (b). sizes. (c). applications. (d). tolerances. (e). materials to be. worked on. operations of power tools. 3.. Perform. 4.. Correctly perform preventive maintenance and identify and report. all. defective 5.. Identify. power. common. 13. tools. efficiently. and accessories. and. safely.. for corrective action.. hazards related to the use of power. tools..

(18) 1.. TOPIC 4.. COURSE OBJECTIVES. Explosive Actuated Tools (An. Course. Approved Six Hour Course). (a). (a). objectives. (b) (c). (d) (b). theory. 1.. will. provide instruction. in. safety. uses and applications maintenance and operation practical experience in firing. care,. Describe the high velocity and low velocity tools.. Know how and why. they operate. Be aware of the safety features and the different types of fasteners and charges. Learn the safety codes and regulations. State. causes of 2.. misfire.. Identify the operator’s responsibility.. Demonstrate safe operation.. Explain the relationships between pins, charges and materials. Discuss the hidden features of fastening surfaces. (c). practical. 1.. Discuss servicing and storage of tools and supplies. Demonstrate miniservice of all common tools. Learn proper and safe storage of tools and charges and the disposal of misfired charges.. mum. 2.. Demonstrate operation and the actual. firing of. a high velocity and a low. velocity tool. 3.. (d). test. 1. .. —. Operate take part in both the prefiring routine and locity and low velocity explosive actuated type.. fire. both high ve-. Receive a Certificate of Proficiency upon successful completion of course.. 5.. Test Instruments (a). (b) (c). (d) (e) (f). B. 1.. 1. hydrometers thermometers sling psychrometer Orsat. .. 2.. Identify the various. Demonstrate use. types of test instruments.. of. all. test instruments listed.. Dwyer manometer. (g). pressure and vacuum gauges. (h). fluid. flow meters. Mechanical, Brazed and Soldered Connections Soldering Equipment (a). 1.. acetylene. 24 Hours. Demonstrate knowledge of soldering and brazing techniques and procedures using acetylene and propane.. 10.. (b). propane. (c). safety considerations. (d). torch applications. (e). sweat. used. 2.. Identify the type of flame. 3.. Set up and adjust equipment to braze and solder connections using the. in. brazing operations.. correct torch applications.. joints 4.. Demonstrate safe use of soldering equipment and practice. 5.. State two reasons for having a chemically clean metal surface. safety. in. brazing. operations. 6.. Describe two methods for removing oxides from a clean metal surface.. 7.. State the purposes of. 8.. Identify. 9.. Demonstrate the correct procedures and assembly of sweat. and use. flux.. different torch types.. Braze and solder. joints. joints.. between ferrous and non-ferrous pipe and. tubing. 2.. Pipe Fittings. 1.. (a). thread types and sizes. (b). use of cutters and dies. (c). iron pipe joints. 2. (i) (ii). refrigeration. and select. fittings peculiar to. the refrigeration trade including. Identify thread types. and sizes and read basic selection charts. for fitting. sizes.. equipment. heat equipment. Identify. bends, elbows, flanges, tees, unions, couplings, valves, accessories.. 3.. Select and operate required tools and equipment to cut, thread and ream pipe, tubing. and 14. flexible. hose..

(19) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 3.. 1.. Specify the correct procedures for identification, basic sizing, fabrication,. and. copper. (b). steel. (c). aluminum. (d). plastic. (e). quick connect. installation of fittings.. 2.. Flare piping to form a leakproof joint. 3.. Join or connect flexible hoses.. between pipes and. fittings.. 2 Hours. Valves. C. 1. Refrigeration and Heating (a). .. Purpose and Function. 1.. Identify. and describe the functions of the following mechanical valves. in. the system. (a). two way service. (b). three. (c). globe angle. (d). way. service. (e). ball. (f). (g). gate needle valves. (h). heating, natural. and. gas. L.P.. 4 Hours. Leak Detection Devices. D. 1.. Refrigerant (a). (b). electronic. and correctly use a halide torch. 1.. Identify. 2.. Describe halide torch maintenance.. halide. 1.. Identify. to detect refrigerant leaks.. and correctly use an electronic detector. to locate refrigerant. leaks. 2.. Describe. it’s. range of sensitivity and principle of operation.. 3. 1.. Describe electronic leak detector maintenance.. (c). bubble solution. 1. Describe and demonstrate the use of bubbles to locate a leak.. (d). sulpher stick and litmus paper. 1.. .. Describe leak testing on. ammonia systems. with a sulpher stick and. litmus paper.. Study the Operation. E. 1. .. Commercial. 24 Hours. of:. Installation. 1. .. 2.. 3.. Describe and demonstrate evacuation procedures. Describe and demonstrate system charging. Describe the start up and operation of a commerical installation with special attention to. SECTION THREE:. refrigerant flow.. WELDING (THEORY AND SHOP). 24 Hours. Theory. A. 1. its. .. 12 Hours Explain the use of eye and face protection equipment, gloves, sleeves,. Personal Safety. apron and welding boots for 2.. 3.. 4.. Nature of Gases (a). oxygen. (b). acetylene. Torches, Regulators and Hoses. Cylinders. 1. .. cutting,. all. recommended handling methods. 1. .. welding and brazing operations.. Explain the characteristics of oxygen and acetylene and for. know. Recognize the construction and function of regulators and hoses.. 2.. Explain the handling precautions for regulators and hoses.. 3.. Explain the construction and function of the torch and tips.. 4.. Demonstrate how. 5.. Explain torch malfunctions and. 1. Identify the respective cylinders.. .. 2.. the. same.. to clean, store. and take care of torch. how. to correct. Explain the design of the cylinders and stored.. 15. how. tips.. same.. these are to be handled and.

(20) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 5.. Torch Setting, Adjusting and Balancing, Outfit Set Up. 1.. 2.. Describe the setting up and shutting welding equipment. Select from a. list. oxygen pressure 3.. the proper. tip. down. and rod. of oxy-acetylene cutting. size, acetylene pressure,. and. and. for a given metal thickness.. State an acceptable lens shade. number. for oxy-acetylene. welding and. cutting. 4.. Describe ventilation requirements for the welding of materials that give fumes and when welding in confined areas.. off toxic. welding and cutting equipment and accessories.. 5.. Identify oxy-acetylene. 6.. Match terms associated with oxy-acetylene. cutting. and welding. to the. correct definitions.. 6.. 7.. Flames (a). types. (b). uses. Backfires and Flashbacks. 7.. Describe the characteristics and uses of other purposes.. 1.. Describe the types of flames, their purposes and uses.. 1.. Silver Brazing, Fluxes. and Joint. and explosions. causes. B. 1.. Hard Brazing. List. Describe the results of a backfire.. 4.. Describe the results of a flashback.. 5.. List in the. 6.. List. all. proper order the steps to follow. in. case of a flashback.. the necessary equipment and protective. when welding and. measures. to prevent. cutting.. 1.. Describe the procedure for silver brazing and silver soldering. 2.. State the purpose of flux and the types.. 3.. Describe and demonstrate the methods of applying. 1.. Correctly describe:. flux. (a). brazing techniques and procedures. (b). flame type used. (c). advantages and disadvantages of braze welding. (d). characteristics of brazing rod. in. and. joints.. it’s. removal.. brazing. Shop. 12 Hours. Setting, Adjusting. and Balancing. 1. .. the Oxy-acetylene Torch 2.. Set up equipment for oxy-acetylene cutting and welding. Select from a. list. oxygen pressure. 2.. for cutting. of a backfire.. 2.. 3.. Types. 9.. gases used. Describe the special safety requirements to protect against flashbacks, fire,. fires 8.. fuel. Puddle and Flame Control. the proper. tip size,. adjust acetylene pressure, and. for a given metal thickness.. 3.. Turn on, light, adjust to a neutral flame, and turn cutting equipment.. 4.. Detect gas leaks and. 1. .. Demonstrate the. know how. ability to. to correct. off. the oxy-acetylene. such leaks.. perform puddle welds on a mild steel with the. proper flame control.. 3.. Beading and Adding of Rod-Butt Weld. Identify. 1. Correctly and safely set up and adjust equipment to weld mild steel of a. .. specified thickness including: (a). 4.. Vertical. Braze Lap Weld. and demonstrate three types of welding flames.. 2.. 1. .. laying. beads. Demonstrate the position.. 16. ability to. perform lap welds on mild steel. in. the vertical.

(21) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 5.. Copper. With Easy-Flo and. Filling. 1.. Demonstrate knowledge of. 1.. Demonstrate knowledge of aluminum brazing.. 1.. Perform straight. 2.. Pierce and cut holes. “silver brazing’’ techniques.. Sil-Fos 6.. Aluminum Brazing. 7.. Cutting. and bevel cutting on available mild in. steel.. mild steel plate.. ELECTRICITY (SHOP AND THEORY). SECTION FOUR:. 64 Hours 32 Hours. Direct Current. A. 1. line. .. Structure of Matter. 1.. Explain the fundamental relationship between the structure of the atom. and the flow of electrons. 2.. Conventional and Electron Theory. 3.. Magnetism. 1.. Describe the principles of basic magnetism including: laws of magnetism. (a). (c). magnetic field, flux magnetomotive force. (d). reluctance. (e). magnetic properties of iron. (b). (i). 2.. permeability saturation. (ii). Describe the relation between magnetic. fields, electric. current and. voltage. 4.. Application of. Magnetism. 1.. Describe magnetism as it applies to the following: relay operation and principle. (a). (b). 5.. Conductors copper (a) aluminum (b). 1. .. buzzer operation motor principle. (c). electric. (d). generation of alternating current. Define conductor with reference to. 2.. Define. Define insulators with reference to. electricity.. resistivity.. 6.. Insulators. 1. 7.. Semi-Conductors. 1.. Define semi-conductors with reference to. 8.. Generations of E.M.F. (Basic). 1.. Understand the methods used to generate. 9.. Electrical Units. 1. .. .. electricity. electricity.. AC and. Define quantity, express symbols and units of. DC.. measurement. for the. following electrical terms: (a). Volts. (b). Amperes. (c). (d) (e). 10.. Ohm’s Law. 1. .. Ohms Watts Watthours. (f). Coulombs. (g). Joules. Describe the relationship of voltage, current and resistance. in. an. electric. circuit.. 1 1. .. Electrical Circuits (a). series. (b). parallel. (c). series. (d). Kirchoff’s law. (e). three wire Edison circuit. 2.. Solve problems using Ohm’s Law.. 3.. Connect circuits and make voltage, current and resistance measurements to verify Ohm’s Law.. 1.. Analyze and explain series and. parallel circuits. and. identify their. applications.. —. 2.. Apply Kirchoff’s current and voltage laws to. 3.. Solve problems involving series, parallel and Edison three wire (balanced and unbalanced). circuits.. parallel. 17. circuits,.

(22) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC balanced and unbalanced neutral disconnected (ii) voltage drop line drop schematic and wiring diagrams (i). (f). (g) (h). 4.. 5.. Describe the effect that an open neutral (unbalanced and balanced).. will. have on a customer’s load. Define and describe line loss and voltage drop as. it. applies to electrical. power systems. 6.. State the effects that an increase. in. load current has on the voltage at. the load.. 12.. American Wire Gauges. and. 7.. Solve applicable problems involving. 8.. Connect and take measurements of series and schematic and wiring diagrams to verify Ohm’s. 1. .. Identify wire sizes. and know. line loss. that different. line drop.. parallel circuits using law.. gauges. of wire. have. different. resistances. 13.. Electrical (a). Measuring Devices. 1. .. Describe the proper care and safety precautions. Use, Care and Safety of. (a). ammeters. Meters. (b). voltmeters. (c). ohmmeters megger. (d). 14.. Wheatstone Bridge. for:. 2.. Demonstrate proper scale range selection and wiring connections.. 3.. Demonstrate accurate measurements.. 1. .. Describe the accurate resistance measurements. in. a. circuit. using the. Wheatstone Bridge.. 15.. 16.. Power and Energy. Faults. and Short Circuits. 2.. Solve introductry problems using the Wheatstone Bridge.. 1. Define. .. power and energy. power and energy.. 2.. State the units of. 3.. Calculate electrical power.. 4.. Calculate electrical energy and cost.. 1. .. Describe and demonstrate proper procedures for locating electrical faults. and short 2.. circuits.. Demonstrate the use of. electrical. measuring devices to locate and. correct faults and short circuits. 17.. Grounding of Equipment. 18.. Electrical. Hazards. 1.. 1.. Recognize the proper use of portable tools and the importance of grounding equipment. Identify electrical hazards,. when working (a). (b) (c). B. 1.. 2.. C.. safe-working techniques and procedures. with electrical circuits and rotating equipment, including:. proper use of tools personal protective equipment lock-out and tagging procedures 8 Hours. Basic Circuits. Simple Circuit Construction. Shop Experiments. 1. 1. .. .. Draw simple. electrical circuits. (a). wiring diagrams. (b). schematic diagrams. Use designs and connections. and symbols:. for basic circuits.. 24 Hours. Introduction to Basic Refrigeration Circuits 1.. Reading and demonstration of basic operations of a diagram.. 18.

(23) SECOND PERIOD TECHNICAL TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE AND REFRIGERATION THEORY. AIR CONDITIONING. SECTION ONE:. COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC. Upon successful completion. of. each section the apprentice should be able. Basic Refrigeration Principles Review. A. 1. 64 Hours. .. 6 Hours. Producing Refrigeration Effect. 1. Describe the methods of producing the refrigeration Describe the vapour compression processes.. 2.. Vapour Compression Cycle. 1.. 3.. Mechanical Compression Cycle. 1.. List. 2. 4.. Metering Devices. 1. Identify the types of. 2 B. 1.. .. effect.. and describe the essential mechanical components required. evaporator metering devices.. Describe the basic principles of operation of each.. 18 Hours. Heat Transfer Surfaces. Review Heat Transfer Principles (b). conduction convection. (c). radiation. (a). (c). liquid. overfeed. 1. .. 2.. Evaporators direct expansion (a) (b) flooded. to:. 1.. Define the forms of heat transfer.. Describe each as. Identify (a). air (i). (liquid. (ii). recirculation). 2.. 3.. it. applies to a refrigeration system.. and describe each evaporator according. to the following uses:. cooling. forced. convection. (b). liquid cooling. (c). contact cooling. Describe the basic principles and the function of the evaporator system. Describe the basic principles of superheating and saturation. in. in. the. the. evaporator. 4.. Describe the requirements for good evaporator design such as: surface area. (a). air. (c). proper circulation of the refrigerant acceptable pressure drop design temperature difference. (d) (e) 3.. 4.. Condensers (a). air-cooled. (b). water-cooled. (c). dry-cooled. (d). evaporative-cooled. Cooling Towers. 1.. Identify (a). Heat Exchangers. and describe each condenser according. to the following uses:. air-cooled (i) (ii). forced. convection. (b). liquid cooling. (c). contact cooling. 2.. Describe the function of the condenser. 3.. Describe the principles of de-superheating, condensing and sub-cooling.. 4.. Describe the purpose and operation of dry coolers used as secondary condensers.. 1.. Identify (a). 5.. flow. (b). 1.. in. the system.. types and operating principles of cooling tower assemblies:. natural draft. (b). induced draft. (c). forced draft. (d). closed-circuit coolers. Refrigeration system: (a). (b). and describe the basic operation. Describe advantages and disadvantages of having a heat exchanger Identify. in. a suction and liquid. 19. line..

(24) 2.. TOPIC. COURSE OBJECTIVES Heating systems:. 1.. Identify. (b). List. and describe the basic operation. will cause a heat exchanger. (a). conditions that. to overheat in a. heating system. C. 1.. Pressure-Enthalpy Diagrams. 6 Hours. Read and. Introduction. plot a. pressure enthalpy diagram for a simple refrigeration. cycle.. D. 1.. Refrigerant Tables. and Calculations. Review. 10 Hours 1.. 2.. Read and Identify (a). 2.. Basic Design Calculations. 1.. and solve related problems.. interpret refrigerant tables. and. interpret the following refrigerant properties:. pressure-temperature conversion. (b). specific. (c). density. Identify. and. volume. interpret the following data of a refrigeration cycle plotted. on. a pressure-enthalpy chart: (a) (b) (c). net refrigeration effect. (d). volume. (e) (f). E. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. compressor refrigeration capacity compression ratio of vapour to be pumped weight of refrigerant required required compressor displacement. 12 Hours. Cycling Controls. Pressure. 1. Temperature. Oil. Pressure Safety. Altitude Correction. .. Explain the purpose of pressure controls.. 2.. Describe their location. 3.. Describe principle of operation and control adjustments.. 1. Describe the purpose of a temperature control.. .. in. the system.. 2.. Describe principle of operation and control adjustments.. 1.. Describe the purpose and operation of an. 2.. Identify the. 1. .. oil. pressure safety control.. main parts of a control.. Describe the effect of a drop. in. atmospheric pressure on a control. diaphragm or bellows. 2.. Interpret tables. and make adjustments to the control. to correct for high. altitude conditions. 5.. F. 1.. 2.. Humidity. Combustion Review. Air. Supply. of. 1.. Describe the purpose and operation.. 2.. Identify the. main parts. of a humidity control.. Hydro Carbon Fuels. 10 Hours 1. .. List the. elements that are necessary for the combustion of a gas.. 2.. Describe the principle of combustion.. 3.. Describe the causes, results and dangers of incomplete combustion.. 4.. Demonstrate combustion. 1.. Describe sources of. 2.. Describe the reasons for venting products of combustion.. 3.. Describe venting and ventilation by gravity and power.. 4.. air. testing.. required for combustion, venting and ventilation.. Describe problems that can occur (a). spillage. (b). condensation. 20. in. venting gas systems including:.

(25) .. COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 5.. 3.. Gas Valves. Gas Flames. why. dilution air is. (a). negative pressure. (b). down-draft. Identify. 1. Identify the different. .. 1. .. necessary to prevent:. and describe the parts and accessories used. 6.. 2. 4.. Explain. for venting.. types of gas valves.. Describe operation and servicing of gas valves. Describe the characteristics of gas flames: colour. (a). 2.. (b). shape. (c). intensity. Describe the air-gas mixture used aerated (a) (b) (c). heating-cooling units including:. non-aerated post aerated 2 Hours. Code. G. 1. in. .. B52 Mechanical Refrigerant Code. 1. .. Correctly identify the applicable sections of the code, regulations and. approved operating instructions covering the installation, maintenance and repair of refrigeration and air conditioning systems for the second. (Latest Edition). period. 2.. Gas Code. 1. .. Correctly identify the applicable sections of the code, regulations and. approved operating instructions covering. installation. and application. for. the second period.. SECTION TWO:. AND REFRIGERATION SHOP. AIR CONDITIONING. 64 Hours 14 Hours. Metering Devices. A. 1.. Capillary tubes. 1. .. Identify. and describe factors that. effect the selection for a given. application. 2.. Describe service problems and perform the operations required to service and maintain capillary tubes.. 2.. Float Controls. 1. .. Describe and perform the operations required to service and maintain floats.. Correctly test, remove, replace and adjust to specifications.. 3.. Automatic Expansion Valves. 1. 4.. Thermostatic Expansion Valves. 1.. Correctly test, remove, replace and adjust a T.X. valve to specification.. 1.. Demonstrate the servicing and adjusting of controls.. 1. .. Demonstrate the servicing and adjusting of controls.. 1. .. .. Cycling and Protection Controls. B. 1.. 2.. Pressure (a). cycling. (b). protection. Temperature (a). (b) 3.. Oil. 6 Hours. cycling. protection. Pressure Failure Control. Demonstrate the servicing and adjusting of controls.. Introduction to Pressure Regulator Valves. C.. 8 Hours. Evaporator. 1. Describe fundamental operation and function of each.. Crankcase. 2.. Perform systematic. 3.. Discharge. 3.. 4.. Hot Gas By-Pass. 1. .. 2. .. Describe. electrical. installation, service. with manufacturer’s practice.. 21. and mechanical checks. and maintenance procedures. in. accordance.

(26) . .. COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC System Accessories and Components. D. 1.. Dehydrators and. Filters. 8 Hours 1.. 2. Separators. 2.. Oil. 3.. Suction Accummulator. 4.. Solenoid Valves. Receivers. (a). directional flow. (b). size. (c). replaceable core. (d). pressure drop. filters. including:. and type. Describe the properties of a desiccant.. and maintenance procedures.. 3.. Demonstrate. 1. Describe the construction, purpose and operation.. 1. Describe the purpose, operation and construction.. installation, service. Explain the construction and principles of operation.. 1. 2 5.. .. Describe the purpose of driers and. .. Describe installation and service. Describe the construction and function of a receiver. 1. in. the system. including:. applications. (b). pressure-relief protection. (c). relevant. codes and data. plate information. System Evacuating and Charging. E. 1.. Vacuum Pumps. 2.. System Charging. 6 Hours 1.. Describe and demonstrate use of pumps.. 2. Describe. .. pump. care and maintenance.. Demonstrate adequate knowledge of safety procedures.. 1. 2. .. Demonstrate the procedures of charging.. Hermetic Electric Devices. F.. 1. (a). .. Hermetic Electric Devices:. 1.. For the devices. listed:. (a). relays. (a). describe the construction and operation. (b). capacitors. (b). correctly troubleshoot. (c). inherent motor protection. (d). overload protection. (e). crankcase heaters over current protection. (f). G.. 6 Hours 1. 8 Hours. General Piping Practices Installation. 1.. Describe and demonstrate practices and principles involved. in. the. installation of refrigerant piping. 2.. H. 1.. Pipefitter’s. Manual. 1.. Use the manual. 1.. Describe and demonstrate service and maintenance procedures.. to determine proper offsets.. Maintenance. 2 Hours. Maintenance (a). evaporators. (b). condensers cooling towers air washers. (c). (d). 6 Hours. Field Trips. I.. 1.. Supermarket. Installation. 1.. Observe and describe the system which remote condenser.. 22. will. be a simple system with a.

(27) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC. ELECTRICITY (THEORY AND SHOP). SECTION THREE: Review D.C.. A.. 72 Hours. — Series and Parallel. 1.. D.C. Series. 2.. Parallel. 3.. Series-Parallel. 4.. Voltage Drop. 5.. Line Drop. 4 Hours 1.. — series and. Review and understand D.C. penod. from. parallel circuits. first. ‘. 6. 10.. Power. 7.. Line Loss. 8.. D.C. E.M.F.. 9.. Kirchoff’s. Law. Generation of D.C.. 1. 32 Hours. Single Phase Theory. B. .. Alternating Current (a). generation of A.C.. (b). sine. (c). phasors peak and effective values cycle and frequency. (d) (e). 1. .. Explain instantaneous value.. 1. 2.. Explain. RMS. 3.. Explain. maximum. 4.. Illustrate in. 5.. Define:. waves. (c). lead. (d). lag. (e). cycle and hertz (units of frequency). (f). angles of degrees (i). 3.. in. series. (b). parallel. (c). series-parallel. Inductance and Inductive. electrical. mechanical. Solve problems involving series and parallel circuits with. A.C.. (a). phasor analysis directions and magnitude of phasors.. phasors (vectors) phase. (ii). Resistance. or peak value.. (b). (a). 2.. or effective value.. all. possible. combinations of resistance.. 1. .. Reactance. Describe inductance and the factors which affect inductance.. 2.. Describe induction and. 3.. Describe the. DC. inductive effects.. 4.. Describe the. AC. inductive effects.. 5.. Define inductance and state. 6.. State the unit of. 7.. Define inductive reactance and state. its. effects.. its. measurement. measurement. 8.. State the unit of. 9.. Calculate the total inductance. symbol. for inductance its. and. its. symbol.. symbol.. for inductive reactance. when. and. its. inductors are connected. symbol. in. series or. parallel.. 4.. Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance. 10.. State Faraday’s law.. 11.. State Lenz’s law.. 12.. Define time constant for. 1. .. RL. circuit.. Describe the construction and characteristics of an elementary capacitor.. 23.

(28) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 2.. Describe capacitance and the factors which affect. 3.. Describe capacitor types and applications.. 4.. Calculate the value of a time constant for an. AC. 5.. Explain. 6.. State the unit of. RC. it.. circuit.. capacitive effects.. measurement. for the. charge of a capacitor and give. its. symbol. 7.. Define dielectric strength.. 8.. Define capacitance.. 9.. State the unit. measurement. for capacitance.. 10.. Define capacitive reactance.. 11.. Give the symbol for capacitive reactance and state. unit of. its. measurement. 12. 13.. Explain the equation for capacitive reactance.. State the phase relationship between voltage and current. in. a capacitive. circuit.. 5.. 6.. Impedance. Power Factor. 14.. Calculate the total capacitance for capacitors. 15.. Calculate the capacitive reactance of any given. 16.. Solve problems involving resonance.. 1.. Define impedance.. 2.. State the unit of. 3.. State the. 1.. Define. 2.. State the unit of. measure. components. power and. give. for. of an. series or parallel.. in. circuit.. impedance.. impedance. triangle.. symbol.. its. measurement. for. power and. give. its. symbol and. unit of. measurement. 3.. Define apparent. power and. 4.. State the unit of. measurement. and. Three-Phase A.C. Theory. power and. Define reactive. 6.. State the unit of unit of. its. for. symbol.. apparent power and give. give. measurement measurement.. power. its. symbol. symbol.. for reactive. power and. 7.. Define. 1.. Explain the generation of three phase voltages.. 2.. its. measurement.. 5.. and. 7.. unit of. give. give. its. symbol. factor.. State the advantages for three phase systems over single phase. systems. 3.. C. 1.. 2.. Name. the types of three phase connections.. 4.. Define the term balanced three phase system.. 5.. State the phase relationship for the 3 voltage. 6.. Apply Kirchoff’s current and voltage laws to three-phase. 7.. Solve power calculations. in. in. a three phase system.. balanced three-phase. 10 Hours. A.C. Circuits (Experiments). Ohm’s Law. Kirchoff’s. Law. circuits.. circuits.. 1.. 1.. and make voltage, current and resistance measurement. Connect. circuits. to verify. Ohm’s Law.. Apply Kirchoff’s current and voltage laws to. 24. circuits..

(29) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC Electrical Control Circuits for Refrigeration. D. 1. .. 2.. Drawing Circuits. Tracing Circuits and. Systems. 1.. Draw a schematic. 2.. Use standard. symbols.. 1.. Read and. Explain sequence of electrical operation.. 3.. Apply correct troubleshooting techniques and procedures to locate and confirm the system electrical failure(s).. 4.. Use. schematic wiring diagrams.. interpret. electrical. instruments to confirm electrical. failure.. 4 Hours. Power Factor. E. 1.. Demonstration. 1.. Define phase angler and give. 2.. Draw phasor diagrams. 3.. Calculate: (a). (b). Three-Phase. F.. .. Wye and. power power. its. symbol.. for various types of circuits.. factor factor correction. 4 Hours. Delta Connection. Demonstration. State and demonstrate by phasor analysis the relationship between. 1. Ephase and E line 2.. 3.. a. wye system.. wye system.. State and demonstrate by phasor analysis the relationship between. E phase and E line 4.. for a. State and demonstrate by phasor analysis the relationship •phase and •line for. for a delta system.. State and demonstrate by phasor analysis the relationship between. •phase and. •line for. a balanced delta system.. CONTROLS. SECTION FOUR:. 24 Hours 24 Hours. Basic Control. A. 1. control diagram for a given project.. electrical. 2.. Troubleshooting. 1. 18 Hours. .. 2.. 3.. Basic Concepts. Evaluation of Control. Types. SECTION A. 1.. 2.. Systems. of Control. 1.. Define specific terms used. 2.. Examine open and closed loops.. 3.. Examine. 1. List the benefits of. .. control. in. control.. modes. automatic control.. how. 2.. Describe loads and. 3.. List the criteria for. 1.. Distinguish. 2.. Examine process. 3.. Differentiate. between sequential, numerical, analog and. 4.. Differentiate. between operating and safety control systems.. good. they change. control.. between regulator and follow-up systems. control. digital control.. BLUEPRINT READING. FIVE:. 16 Hours. Technical Drawing Used by the Refrigeration and A.C. Industry. Nomenclature, Abbreviation, Standard Symbols. 1.. Reading of Drawings:. 1.. (a). Identify the. 8 Hours. symbols, abbreviations and nomenclature used. refrigeration or A.C. technical drawing.. Interpret. and read. line. 25. line. drawings.. in. a typical.

(30) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC (b). isometric. 1.. 2.. Define isometric drawing principles. Interpret an isometric drawing of a simple object given the corresponding. orthographic views. (c). orthographic. 1.. 2.. Identify the. Interpret. views. in. orthographic projection and their orientation.. dimensions of simple objects drawn to scale. in. orthographic. projection. (d). multi-view. 1.. Read. (e). section and detail. 1.. Read and. standard symbols welding (i). 1.. Identify. (f). (ii). 3.. multi-view drawings and interpret the types of lines used. interpret sectional. and. and detailed drawings.. interpret standard. symbols used. for electrical. and welding. drawings.. electrical. Simple Sketching and Dimensioning. 1.. Produce freehand sketches and schematics. of technical. drawings for the. trade.. B. 1,. 2.. Use dimensional values. 1.. Read and. 8 Hours. Practical Exercise. Read Trade Blueprints (Refrigeration or A.C.). 2.. pertaining to sketches.. Drawing of Schematic Diagrams (a). refrigeration or A.C.. (b). legends. and schematics drawings service and maintenance purposes.. interpret blueprint. installation,. and. for design,. interpret symbols.. 2.. Identify. 1.. Draw schematic diagrams. of refrigeration or air conditioning. simple jobs including legends.. 26. and actual.

(31) .. THIRD PERIOD TECHNICAL TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE AIR CONDITIONING. SECTION ONE:. AND REFRIGERATION THEORY. Upon successful completion. Conversions Temperature Pressure (b). 1. 1. .. Read pressure-temperature charts (a). R11. (b). R12 R22 R113 R502 R717. (c). (d) (e) (f). for the following refrigerants:. 2.. Given specific temperature and pressure conditions, use the pressuretemperature chart to establish the condition of the refrigerant.. 3.. Manipulate formulae to solve the problems given. 4.. Perform pressure and temperature calculations in Imperial and and convert calculations between the two systems.. in. worksheets. S.l.. .. 2.. Psychrometric Chart. 1. Chart Use. 1.. Refrigerant. C. .. .. 3.. 4.. 5.. and. 1. .. convection. (b). conduction. (c). radiation. Wall Gain. heating and humidification. (b). cooling and dehumidification. 1.. Define the forms of heat transfer.. Describe each as. Identify. it. applies to a refrigeration or A.C. system.. and calculate the transmission of heat gain (sensible). (a). walls, ceilings, floors, time factor. (b). type of insulation. (c). thickness of insulation. (a). conductivity factor. (b). over. (c). transmission factors. (d). conduction. (d). “U”. (e). external architecture. (f). temperature difference. all. Infiltration. conductance. Loads. Product Loads. Supplementary Loads. Total. interpret the psychrometric chart.. (a). .. Describe and calculate. infiltration. Describe and calculate. air. 1. 1. 1. .. .. Identify. Load and Safety Factors. 1. .. (heat gain-loss).. changes.. and calculate product loads. (a). sensible heat. (b). latent heat. (c). heat of respiration. Identify. by:. factors. 2.. with:. and calculate supplementary loads:. (a). people. (b). lights. (c). motors gas and/or. (d) 6.. of air. 12 Hours. 2.. 2.. Review properties. Solve problems using the chart involving:. Load Calculations. Review of Heat Transfer (a). units. 15 Hours. Psychrometrics. B.. to:. 2 Hours. (a). 1. each section the apprentice should be able. of. Review Formulas and Calculations. A.. 1. 80 Hours. COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC. electrical. appliances. Calculate total load requirements including safety factors because of. miscellaneous loads.. 27.

(32) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC. 10 Hours. Piping Selection. D. 1.. Refrigeration (a). 1.. Read basic. 2.. Identify. basic principles 3.. 2.. Hydro-Carbon. Multiplex. E. 1.. selection charts for line sizing.. and select. fittings peculiar to. the trade.. Select piping arrangements for design factors (a). system capacity. for:. return. (b). oil. (c). refrigerant control. (d) (e). suction and discharge temperatures. (f). type of refrigerant. (g). noise. accordance with applicable codes and regulations.. 1.. Select piping. 2.. Select piping size that. 1.. and describe the operating principles and applications of multiple-evaporator systems for:. in. will. give. minimum pressure. loss or drop.. Systems and Accessories. Multiple Evaporator. Systems. 10 Hours Identify. (a). single temperature. (b). dual temperature. (c). unbalanced cooling load high and low humidity. (d) 2.. Explain the fundamental differences between single and multipleevaporator systems.. 3.. Identify the evaporator assembly accessories and establish the fundamentals of operation of each: metering devices (a) (b) evaporator pressure regulators. 4.. (c). distributors. (d). check valves. Explain the effect of humidity on the controlled area and the role of. evaporator temperature difference between refrigerant and changing humidity conditions of the area. 5.. Explain. how any change. definite. change. in. Multiple. Compressor Systems. Identify. Establish factors influencing. (c). Accessories. 4.. Energy Conservation Systems. compressor selection. .. Ammonia (a). for:. low temperature medium temperature high temperature. 3.. Explain the differences between single and multiple compressor systems.. 4.. Explain purpose and operation of satellite compressors.. 1.. Identify. 1. Describe energy conservation systems.. .. types and functions of accessories for multiplex systems.. 2.. Describe principles of operation.. 3.. Describe the types and principles of controls on energy conservation systems.. Ammonia. F.. 1. and describe the operating principles and applications.. 1.. (b). cause a. space.. 2.. (a). 3.. of conditions at the evaporator will. the operating conditions of the system and on the. relative humidity of the 2.. air in. 5 Hours Controls. system valves. 1.. Describe stop valves including: service and charging valves. (a). (b). isolating. (c). location. and bypass valves and function. 28.

(33) .. COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC refrigerant control. (b). 1. .. Describe the location and purpose of control valves for D.X. and flooded. systems. 2.. control of. (c). oil. 1.. solenoid and check valves. (b). pressure regulators. (c). liquid level controls. (d). level. 3.. purging. (d). G. 1.. 1. alarms. Describe surge protection: (a) traps and accumulators Describe (a). 2.. including:. (a). and ammonia mixtures:. oil. mixability. each and ammonia. (b). relative density of. (c). behavior of. oil. Describe. oil. separators and receivers.. Describe. oil. return to the compressors:. (a). manual control. (b). automatic control. .. Compare and. .. Describe operating principles of defrosting sysems.. explain differences. in. purging to hydro-carbon systems.. 8 Hours. Defrosting Principles (a). and Controls. 1. electric 2.. (b). hot gas. (c). cool gas. (d). reverse cycle. (e). other systems (i) (ii). (iii). air. Identify the. components and controls. of the various defrost. systems and. determine the fundamentals of operations of each. 3.. 4.. water. Describe installation procedures and layouts for the various defrost systems. Explain the sequence of operations of refrigeration system defrost cycles for. all. methods. indicated.. brine 5.. Read and. interpret circuit wiring. diagrams of the various defrost. systems. H. 1.. 8 Hours. Regulators. Review (a). (b). Evaporator Pressure Regulating Valve Crankcase Pressure Regulator. 1.. 2.. Describe the function and principles of operation. Describe: (a). selection. (c). adjustment. Valve (c). (d). application. (b). Discharge Pressure Regulator Valve (head pressure regulator) Hot Gas By-Pass Valve. Operated Regulators. 2.. Pilot. 3.. Operational Problems. Describe the function and principles of operation.. 1. List. 1. 2. .. causes of. erratic action. and hunting.. Describe effect of excessive pressure drop.. Food Preservation. I.. 1.. Principles. 2 Hours 1.. Describe the causes of spoilage including: (a). enzymes. (b). bacteria. (c). micro-organisms molds. (d). 2 2.. Cool Storage. 1. .. Describe methods of preventing spoilage. Describe factors affecting storage storage temperatures humidity & shrinkage (b) (c) product condition (a). 29. life:.

(34) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 1.. 3.. chilling. (e). packaging. Describe freezing and frozen storage including:. Freezing. 5.. Products. Tables and Charts. 1.. 1.. methods. (a). freezing. (b). frozen food and ice cream storage. (c). importance of stable temperatures packaging. (d) 4.. before storage. (d). Describe cooling and freezing (a). meats. (b). vegetables. (c). fruits. Use tables and charts (a). of:. for properties of. food products including:. specific heats. (b). latent heats. (c). optimum storage conditions. (d). freezing temperatures. (e). storage. life. Thermodynamics. J.. 4 Hours. ammonia system. 1.. Ammonia System. 1.. 2.. Measuring and Recording. 1.. Describe measuring and recording techniques with respect to the laws of thermodynamics.. 3.. Capacities and Efficiency. 1.. Calculate simple problems for finding capacity and efficiency.. Describe the. with respect to the laws of. thermodynamics.. Code. K. 1. .. 2.. B52 Refrigeration Code. 4 Hours 1.. 2.. SECTION TWO: A. 1.. Correctly identify the applicable sections of the code, regulations and. approved operating instructions covering the installation, maintenance and repair of refrigeration and air conditioning systems for third period.. Gas Code. Study and describe combustion process with special attention to gas flames and flame speed.. AIR CONDITIONING. AND REFRIGERATION SHOP. 64 Hours. System Components Evaporators. 16 Hours 1. .. Correctly install evaporator assemblies based on: (a). (b). space requirements and mounting methods location of the evaporator and location of the temperature sensor relation to the. (c). piping layout and drain facilities. (d). specificed air flow. (e). installation instructions. 2.. Connect. 3.. Make. electric. in. evaporator. motors and defrost system components.. the necessary pipe connections. (a). refrigerant lines. (b). drain. and defrost. lines. to:. based on pipe layout and. installation. instructions 4.. Describe the correct method of repairing the evaporator assemblies as follow: (a). brazing and soldering. (b). repairing or replacing fittings. (c). combing or. (d). replacing defrosting elements. (e). repairing or replacing hangers. (f). repairing or replacing fan blades and/or motors. (g). reversing fan rotation. (h). protecting fins. 30. realigning of fins. in transit. and during. installation.

(35) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 2.. Condensers. 1.. 2.. mount condenser assemblies and identify the installation limitations and safety requirements as follows: spacing requirements, mounting and isolating methods (a) Correctly. (b). required. (c). solar. (d). installation instructions. air flow(s). and radiation aspects and prevailing winds. (e). piping layout including drains, fire-relief lines. (f). applicable codes and regulations. Read and. interpret wiring. diagrams associated with condensers and. their. hardware. Describe the correct methods to repair and maintain the following types condenser assemblies:. 3.. of. (a). air-cooled. (b). water-cooled evaporative-cooled. (c). (d). refrigerant-cooled. (e). cooling towers. (pump assemblies). involving scale, corrosion,. erosion, electrical and hardware failure, restrictive air flow 4.. 5.. Describe what happens to condensing pressures and temperatures when any of the following occur: changes in refrigeration load (a) changes in air flow over the condenser (b) temperature variation of ambient condition (c) (d) temperature variation of cooling water change in condensing medium flow (e) (f) changes of refrigerant flow in the condenser. Describe methods used and temperatures: condenser flooding (a). fan cycling (temperature, pressure). (c). air volume (dampers, fan R.P.M.) cooling towers (below 0° Celsius). Select and operate measuring instruments (a) (b). 7.. low ambient control of condensing pressures. (b). (d) 6.. for. for:. temperature and flow water temperature and flow air. Describe the safe-handling procedures for acids and solvents used for cleaning air-cooled and/or water-cooled condensers.. 3.. Condensing Units. 1. .. 2.. B.. Identify. system components and accessories.. Correctly install a condensing unit including: (a). leveling. (b). fluid. (c). wiring. (d). control setting. checks. Compressor Rebuilding. 18 Hours 1.. 2.. Review the construction and operating principles of reciprocating compressors. Correctly trouble shoot a (a). number. of. common compressor. problems:. metal wear and fatique. (b). mechanical. (c). electrical failure. failure. 3.. Demonstrate oil testing and describe system clean up methods compressor burn-out.. 4.. Apply proper measuring techniques with respect (a) accurate piston size. 31. to:. for.

(36) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC. oversize determination. (b). 5.. (c). clearance. (d). torquing. Apply the correct methods of repair: replacement of crankshaft seals, gaskets, oil pumps, valve plates (a) and piston assemblies reassembling compressors following proper torque specifications (b) refastening and realigning of drives. (c). 6.. Perform an efficiency check on a reciprocating compressor and record. all. malfunctions including:. procedure for. operational shaft seal check. (c). suction and discharge valve operation check compressor for noise, vibration, abnormal low and high side pressures, overheating and security of mounting. (d). C. 1.. check and changing. (a). (b). oil. level. 20 Hours. Installations Installations. 1.. Install. the system based on manufacturer’s recommendations and. (a). single units. specifications including. (b). multiple units. (a). (c). automatic defrost units. (b). (d). two temperature systems heat reclaim systems. (c). (e). it:. be levelled and firmly mounted have clean tubing and connections have no leakage in the refrigerant lines and hold a vacuum of 500 microns have no impurities in the refrigerant and the oil have proper electrical and mechanical connections have sufficient lubrication of moving parts be installed according to installation codes and manufacturer’s. (d) (e) (f). (g). instructions 2.. Select and operate the required tools for installation.. 3.. Identify the assemblies, accessories,. 4.. Install. space requirements and mounting methods. (a) (b). piping layout. (c). correct use of the following (i) (ii). (iii). (iv). (v) (vi) (vii) (viii). (ix). 5.. and system components.. the system based on:. Make. where necessary:. valves. solenoid valves thermostats heat exchanger surge tanks oil separator accumulator check valves diverter valves. the pipe connections including couplings and fittings to connect. the refrigerant lines based on:. (c). types and sizes of fittings flared connections hard and soft soldered connections. 1.. List. proper procedures for starting up a system.. 2.. Test system for leaks.. (a). (b). 2.. Review Charging and Operating Systems. 3.. Determine proper procedures. for safely. pressure testing entire system. using nitrogen/freon mixture. 4.. Use correct pressure. 5.. Describe six methods of leak detection.. 6.. Describe the correct method of purging the system.. 32. testing tools. and equipment..

(37) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC 7.. 8.. 9.. (a). hazards associated with purging: environmental. (b). property. List the. (c). personal. (d). public. Determine correct tools, equipment, and procedures for evacuating a system. Identify the types, sizes,. and applications. of. vacuum pumps and vacuum. measuring instruments. 10.. Determine correct method to operate the gauge manifold according to the function to be performed.. 11.. Explain the meaning (a). 12. 13.. of:. micron range. (b). sweep method. (c). triple. evacuation. Explain the use of heat as an aid to dehydration.. Determine correct location and position of equipment, valves and manifold valves.. 14. 15.. Select proper refrigerant and calculate quantity required for a system.. Determine correct method to charge a system-operational high side, low side and non-operational high side: (a). 16.. charging cylinder. liquid. (c). charts and graphs. moisture indicator. (d). liquid. (e). frost line. Determine the correct operational checks. for:. (a). drives, belts, couplings. (b). oil. (c). overcharge, undercharge. (d). (g). superheat high-and low-side pressure volts, amps, watts air and water flow. (h). vibrations. (i). safety and operational controls functions. (e) (f). 17.. scales. (b). levels,. proper return. State the sequence for safely and efficiently closing. down system. in. relation to:. of Materials. 3.. Bill. 4.. Blueprints and Drawings. 1. 1. .. (a). refrigeration cycle. (b). water cycle. (c). electrical cycle. (d). tag control panel box. from job specifications.. Prepare a. bill. Read and. interpret blueprints. of materials. and drawings. data/instructions for but not limited. and multiple. (a). single. (b). automatic defrost two temperatures systems charging and operation of systems heat reclaim systems. (c). (d) (e). Read and. for installations. and servicing. to:. units. 5.. Job Specification. 1. 6.. Special Installation and Service. 1.. Describe methods of controlling high discharge temperatures.. 2.. Explain the purpose and application of floating head pressure.. 3.. Discuss other special problems.. .. Problems. interpret. 33. sample job. specifications..

(38) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC D. 1.. See. Making Machines and Drinking Fountains. Ice. Making Machines and Drinking. 4 Hours. 1.. Describe principles of operation.. Fountains 2.. Describe and demonstrate installation procedures.. 3.. Describe service and trouble shooting procedures.. 1.. Describe the operation of an industrial system.. 6 Hours. Field Trips. E. 1.. Industrial Installation. (a). ammonia. (b). refrigerant flow controls. 1.. 2.. Screw and. Centrifugal. Compressor. 1.. Describe the operating principles of screw and centifugal compressors.. 2.. Explain advantages and disadvantages of these compressors.. Installation. ELECTRICITY (THEORY AND SHOP). SECTION THREE:. 56 Hours 4 Hours. A.C. Theory. A. 1.. single. phase. 1.. Generation of Three Phase. 2.. Line and. 3.. Three Phase Power (a) (b) (c). (d). skills. learned. in. second period. for single. Phase Theory. A.C. Three. B.. Demonstrate knowledge and phase theory.. Review (a). Phase Voltages. power apparent power power factor three phase power. 8 Hours 1.. Describe generation of three phase.. 2.. List. and define the three phase connection methods.. wye and. 3.. Describe the current and voltage relationships. 4.. Calculate three phase power, apparent. power and. 5.. Describe reasons for power factor and. how. reactive. it. in. is. in delta.. reactive power.. calculated.. factor. correction. 1. 6 Hours. Transformers. C. .. Basic Construction. 1.. Describe the basic components of a transformer and the nameplate information.. 2.. Theory of Operation (a). cooling. (b). single. (d). List the. purposes of a transformer. primary and secondary of a transformer.. 3.. Identify. 4.. Differentiate. 5.. Explain the standard terminal and winding identification.. 1.. Describe the various methods of cooling for transformers.. methods. phase transformers. between a step-up and a step-down transformer.. used. for cooling.. 2.. Identify liquids. 1.. Describe and demonstrate connections for autotransformers.. mutual inducation split winding. 2.. Demonstrate. ability to. (ii) (iii). auto transformers. 3.. Demonstrate. identification of leads.. 4.. Demonstrate connections. (i). (c). 2.. determine. polarity.. for single. and three phase.. be met before operating two transformers. Transformer Phasing (Paralleling)(Single Phase). 1.. 2.. Connect two transformers. three phase transformers. 1.. Determine the expected secondary voltage by the use of a phasor diagram.. connections (i) (ii) (iii). voltage relationships. —. hazards backfeed ratio of transformer. List the conditions to. in. parallel.. 2.. in parallel. and check how they share the. load.. List the possible connections and changes that are to be made before hanging transformers in a bank.. 34.

(39) COURSE OBJECTIVES. TOPIC (iv). connection and proper fusing. for:. 3.. delta-delta. Decide, given the nameplate information, the supply voltage and required load voltage, the connection required.. (Voltage) 4.. Draw a connection diagram. 5.. Measure the secondary voltages.. 1. Correctly select and replace a transformer. for the. above.. wye-wye delta-wye. open delta-open delta open wye-open delta delta-four wire delta 3.. Selection and Replacement. .. in. accordance with service. specifications. 4.. Ratio Relationships (a). 5.. (b). current. (c). turns. how. transformers are rated and sized.. 1.. State. 2.. Describe and solve problems involving transformer voltage, turns and. voltage. current ratios.. Troubleshooting and Protection. why transformers. Explain the reason. 1.. Explain maintenance and test procedures, including. 2.. are rated. in. oil. testing.. Describe correct troubleshooting techniques and procedures to locate. and confirm transformer. failures.. Three Phase Motors. D. 1. voltage and volt-amps.. 3.. .. Types and Construction. 14 Hours 1.. 2.. Describe the main types of three phase motors, including:. cage. (a). squirrel. (b). wound. (c). synchronous. rotor. State the functions of the principle parts of the squirrel cage induction motor, including: (a). 2.. 3.. Theory of Operation. Starting Current. Problems. 1.. stator. (b). rotor. (c). end. bells. and bearings. Explain the principle of operation. (a). squirrel. (b). wound. cage rotor. 2.. Demonstrate a rotating magnetic. 3.. Explain rotor frequency,. 4.. Explain regulation and efficiency.. 1. State effect of rotor resistance on starting torque and starting current.. .. slip,. field.. poles and. RPM. relationship.. 2.. Describe the effect of power input and current at different loads. Describe and demonstrate procedures phase motors.. 4.. Rotation Reversing. 1.. 5.. Troubleshooting Motors. 1.. for. changing the rotation of three. Demonstrate the following conditions: low voltage. (a). (b). high voltage. (c). over loading blocked ventilation single phasing circuit breaker specifications. (d) (e) (f). E. 1.. Single. Phase Motors. Single. Phase Motors. 12 Hours 1.. Understand the principles, characteristics and applications of single phase motors, namely: (a) split phase (b). capacitor start. (c). capacitor. (d). permanent-split-capacitor. 35. start,. capacitor run.

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