(1944) Basic Handbook - The Hitler Youth

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f cx s _I E A I3 L E OF CONTENTS L,-a.w--C- -- ----I--- Page 1 PUT I Die Jbgendbewegupg

3

Beginnings of the HJ, 3

Expansion of the HJ. ixrto a State Organisation 4 Reichsjugenddienstpflicht (Cmrpulsary Youth Service) k

Main Branches of the Hitler Youth

Die Reichsju endf&rung (Reich Youth Dimctorate) HJ, kbiete I HJ. Regions)

HJ, .Standort (Garriscm) HJ. Bame (Regiments)

Specialist Units of the Barn

Organisation below regimental level MtrmbePing of units Ccmscription Procedure Basic Training Vocational Train- Schools Gebietsftierschulen Reichsschulen Nationalpolitische Erziehungsaustalten The Reichsjugend AkaMe

Adolf-Hitler-Schulen

PART IV

war Sezvice

Liaison with the Axned Forcea

Wehmrt&zhtigungslager (Pre-military Training

-FE4

Son&rei.nheitess (SpecialmSePvie Units) Nachrichten HJ. (Signals)

Motor HJ. (lkhxised Hitler Youth) Marine HJ. (Naval Hitler Youth) Flieger I-U. (Aviation HJ.) HJ, Feldschere (First Aid bits)

Streffmxdienst (Security Detachments and Patrol SWViC2e) 10 10 11 12 l2 12 12 12

13

l-4 3.4

15

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16 16 17 19 17 18

Page

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33

IlusikzUge (Band Units) GebirgaJi3. (Mountaheers) PARTV

34

;z

37

HJ, Leaders 18 19 20 20

Uniforms and Insignia of Rank 21

Other Insignia and Badges 21

38

HJ, in

39

HJ. in PARTVI HJ. ABROAD Occupied Territories

₂₃

Pareign Territories

₂₃

PART VJCI (3I?POSEION YOUTH -S

40

41

42

Legal Measures regarding &man Pouth 25

Unofficia3. Youth Organisations outside the HJ, 25

Repressive Measures- 26

Kfv

Part We: HJ. Part Two: The Part!Fhree:HJ, Part Four: H.3.

, _{to Tables}

Gebiete and Befehlsstellen (listed) MJ, Gebiete (details)

Bame, numerically Ekmne, alphabetically Part Five: Schools and Camps

Part six: HJ, Auslandsf&r (Representatives Abroad)

HJ. Perscxmlfties Bl

Diaga;w and Plates c 1

LEeJrSEXED

Bbbreviathm3 Al A 2 A 4 .A

95

A 111 A

326

A 3-40

ID 1

advancing Allied tanks on the Rhineland frontier, while his mates passed the ammunition.

An execution squad composed of 14-16 year olds shot Polish civilian hostages.

A monument was erected to a boy stil.1 living, commemorating the fact that he denounced his father “loyally to the Ptjhrer“: ( the father was executed for treason).

Herbert Norkus, the Hitler Youth martyr, is the ITorst iHesse1 of most of Germany's young today.

Seven years of Nazi indoctrination, at a most susceptible aQ=, in the Hitler Youth has done its work.

The Hitler You&h is not a Boy Scout or Girl Guide organlsa- tion, It is in no respercomparable to any organisation for young people known to the Western World.

It is a compulsory Nazi fomation, which has consciously sought to breed hate, treachery and cruelty into the mind and soul of every German child. It is, in the true sense of the word, "education for death",

Under no circumstances should 'the Hitler. Youth be taken lightly or be considered a negligible factor fmm an operational or occupation point of view.

Some 12 to 14 million youths are organised into the four branches of the Hitler Youth:

The Hitler Youth proper (boys from

V+-18)

The German Young Folk (Isoys 1614)

The League of Geman Girls

(girls

from 14-38)

The Young Girls (girls fr0m 10-14)

A mugh estimate on the, basis of overall figures available would place between 3,000,OOO and 3,5OO,OOO into each branch, Of this number, 30,000 serve as fully-pal&, full-time leaders.

Approximately 1,000 male and d,OOO female Banne (Regiments averaging 6,000 members sach) camy on administration and training.

In addition, in 3943, the Hitler Youth'maeatained between

7,000 and 8,000 camps and other establishments. 1,500,000 boys

(most of them over 14) attended special Hitler Youth training

‘courses there in one year.

514,000 47 year olds received Hitler Youth training in We- Military Training Camps, of which some 300 are at present'iy operation throughout the Reich.

The emphasis of the following Basic Handbook and appended Order of Battle tables is on the 14-18 year old male group, the Hitler Youth proper, the primary potential source of disaffection

and the primary source of replacements for the We&ma&$. _ The above figures not only indicate the vast scope of the Hitler Youth in German life today, but demonstrate the role tiich it plays in Germany's actual and potential military strengtk

Both the SS and the Wehnaacht hve long since appmciate$ this, From me% liaison tith the Hitler Youth, their relation- ship with the IX3 has passed through the stage of superwision and has finally resulted in complete domination.

The Hitler Youth has become a V'ebmacht replacement pool, a manpower reservoir for auxiliary war services, and a means of strengthening the increasingly pernicious hold on the German people of the most ruthless of all Nazi organisatiuns, the Ss,

A few courageous young Germans, risking their lives in order to salvage their minds, spirits and perhaps their country, have sought to escape from the tentacles of the Hitler Youth, and some underground cells composed of such young people are known to exist.

But it must not be forgotten that every young German has been schooled by Nazi teachers, and that this "Junior Ax-my" is ready to take the fieid either individually, in small groups, on

a larger, more organised scale, or as saboteurs, informers and even franctireurs in defence of Nazis:n, its fanatical creed.

HISTORICAL BMKGROUm AND DEVEUU'MM' I. Die Jugendbewegung (The German Youth Movement)

The growth and success of the HJ organisations cannot be properly appreciated without some reference to the earlier history of the Deutsche Jugendbewegunq (German Youth Movement).

Since the end of the last centuky, the latter gave young people an opportunity to express themselves and to carry on various activities in organisations of their own.

Young people of both sexes joined J~endgemeinschaften

(Youth Communities) and formed groups of WandervBgel (Young Hikers) which had no political. prograrnms, but were animated by youth's determination to express itself unfettered by the* older generation.

Their activities included hiking, camping and evening meetings for lectures and discussions; much emphasis was placed on the rediscovering and singing of old German folk songs*

The %eissner Forrrmla", a proclamation made by a "Youth Rally" in 4913, shaped a general policy of "Inner lkeedorb: a

reaction against the complacency and restrictions of German middle-class life, its prejudices and "bourgeois mind".

After the First World War the youth movement developed at an accelerated pace and reached its peak in the twenties when many new groups sprang up, and the Mndische Jugend (League of Youth) partly took the place of the original Jugendbewemng.

At this point many political parties, among them the

NSDACF (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche ArbeiterparteiTNational ' Socialist Workers' Party) began to form their own youth

organisations, and it is estimated that in the late nineteen- twenties four million German boys and girls belonged to the young people's sections of various political and non-political factions, some 80,000 being members of the original 3iindisohe Jugend (League of Youth).

The Nazis were regar&ed as outsiders by virtually all, other youth fomations.

2. 3eginnings of the I-U

On Xmrch 8th, 1922, Hitler, in his own newspaper, the

"Vblkische Beobachter", announced ,-the establishment of the Jugendbund der NSD.AX' (Youth League of the Nazi Party), later

known as the Jun&sturm Adolf X-fitler (Youth Shock Troop Adolf Hitler).

Other youth gr&ps with National Socialist tendencies also existed, but were not directly affiliated to Hitler's

Thus the Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterjugend Youth) operated in the rZhein and ;iuhr regions.

In Enay 1925 the Wandersportverein

VOGTLAND), in PLAUEN, Saxony, merged with the

bun& in M8'NICH, Bavaria, under the new name of Hitle-Jugend, arnl coined by the notorious anti~semite Julius STREICHEK,

thea Nazi "chieftain" of E'ranconia.

'this new Nazi organisation, culminating in the &I of

today was under the leadership of Kurt GRIPER, of the ETIdJxN group*

39 -a--- Exoansion of HJ into 8 State G~anisation

Although the &T had borrowed much of its technique and ssne of its~syrnbol~fran the old Ju~endbewe~~, from the very first it ad&d a nat~cqalistic and decidedly militaristic

note. In 1925 it becme a junior branch of the SA (Storm- troopers) and -&jrectly suboM.inate to the SA High Co~~&nd.

The movenltent, in true Nazi fashion was opposed to school, 'church and home ,and attracted many youwsters.

In 1928 600 boys gatbred at the first national hJ rally at MD ST-. At the ~5QQ3EEG Party Rally of the following year 2,500 boys werq pqsent.

In 1929 the Ns Schulerbund (Nazi Secondary School Boys

tique) ~7~s recognised as an official affiliate of the Hitler Youth Organisation.

By 1930 t&e &J i-lad 900 OrtS~ (local groups) in &xmany arx&:ttie W (Deutsohes, Junytolk-Gemla Young Folk) for boys aged IQ-l.4 and BUM (Bund Ueutscher b%del-Leagw of Gez3nn Girls) were founded as branches of the HJ.

r;y ,193l the total membership had expanded to 15,000.

Despite '@-k f'act that the I3J was temporarily bannedby the Republican Government, its ranla continued to swell &der the 1ead.crshi.p of B.&l&r von Z3XIRAcK and by 1932 its numbers had risen to 250,000. In the 581:1e year the EEJ was separated from the Z&i, mainly to free it from the ban imposed on the Stomtmopers.

WhenHitler took over full. Governmental power in 1933, ~EZQT more boys and girls joined, and all other youth organi- satians were rapidly prohibited and disbanded, their &rs beinhi; subsequently ured to join the EL

Considerable opposition was encountered at first from the Catholic and ILeft Wing Youth Movements, but these.

organisat ions, too, were partly crushed and partly absorbd in ruthless fashion.

A,fter the first year of the Nazi regime, the HJ, izxlud- L ing its branches, DJ, J&S, and BDH, mbered two million.

One year later this figwe had actually doubled, and by the 1st. of &cer&er, 1934, when the HJ was de&red

Staatsjuge_nd (Gmrement-sponsored Youth Orgmisation), the

total amwr&ed to six million,of *oh one and a h&U

million belonged to the BJ proper, the othera to its bran&es.

The Decree of Dece&er 1, 1936, providing for Reichs- ~enst33flioht (Compulsory Youth Service), not=

legalised the existence of the HJ, but also completely

destropdallthe remainiqyouth organisations ~~G~ZXULQY. The decree contiined three major points:

( >

C

LLl German Youth shall join the &I.

The mission of the HJ is to train all Geman Youth-

physically, mentally and morally for national

service in the spirit of Natioti Socialism. school and home are subordinated to the interests of the State.

The mndf%hrer (Reich Youth LRader) is

entrusted with all phases of the education of GeLman vouth. and is responsible or&y to the F&EFLXR.

Farty gained an enormous influence over the youth of the country and an assured supply of recruits for its own ranks.

By "voluntary application'! the highest age group may apply for transfer into any NSDAP Gliederungen (formations) e.g. the SA, SS, or NSKX. Only the select are accepted for the XSDAI? (Nazi Party proper) itself.

An attempt to maintain a Stamn+W (Original KJ) as a superimposed structure, including only members of’ long stand- ing or those who had proved themselves ardent Nazis, resulted in much confusion and had to be abandoned,

5.

ORCAWISA'I'IOFT (See diagrams, Annexe C ) Main branches of the Hitler-Jwend

The EitlepJugend is organised into four main branches,

(

lb"

HitlerLfugend for boys aged 34-48

Deutsches Jungvolk (DJ or German Young Folk) for boys aged AC&q4 who subsequently transfer to the HJ proper.

(c) Bun& Deutscher mdel (ED4 or League of t;eman Girls) for girls aged 14-18.

(d) Jungmlldel (JM or Young Girls) for girls aged IO-

14 who subsequently transfer to the BDH proper. The terCrrls HJ and BDM are used very loosely, and require a special note. Strictly speaking KT refers to (a) above, , and m!4 to (c) above. In practice, however, HJ is wide1

used to cover both (a) and (b), and XDM to cover both (c 7 and (d).

Further, the term X.7 is used in a third sense, to indicate the whole Youth Movement.

For convenience all these meanings have been used in this handbook, as the sense should invariably be clear from the context.

Orgmisation of the four branches runs along parallel lines.

The program% of the IX consists of preparatory training for the HJ. Although special training in Sondereinheiten (Specialist Units) is officially limited to members of the w proper, specialist units such as l?lieger-AT (Aviation) and Nachrichten-LJ (Signals) have recently been reported in the IL

The task of the BDM and JM is the emcation of girls for

‘+ conpan ion ah ip , honour and faith". They are to be made '*conscious of their duty as German girls to become good housewives ard to have as many children as possible".

k sub-section, Glaqbe und SchlSnheit_ (Faith and Zaaugy), organises women volunteers between the ages of 18 and 21 who

aspire to careers in the girls* and women% organisations of

the Nazi Party and its affiliates, e.g. the NSF (National Socialist Party Women's Branch) and the NSV (National Social- ist Welfare Organisation).

6, Die Xeichswndfhrung _-- ( iieich YouthDirectorate

The.Reichs,jugendf%hmng (RJP - Reich,Youth Directorate) con8rols the policy a s well as the administration of the whole KJ,

It is headed by a Reichsjugendmhrer (Reich Youth Leader) assisted by an Ad+jutant and a Stabsfihrer (Chief of Staff). The Reichsreferentin (BDWI) controls the lXH (Lund Deutscher M&del-Le

T

e of German Girls) and the S&l (Jusq- m&de1 - Young Girls , and she is responsible directly to the Heichsj,ugendfYlthrer.

(Zeotralamt, Auslaads-und Volkstumsamt, Kinderlandverschick- ung, Krie&wtreumgsdienst, A&SC- and fnto six Haupt-

Itnter73rwprtments). The bureaur of the Xaupt&&er are known ater, and their sections and sub-sections as Hauptabteil-

ung=d Abte$lurw?m respectively.

AJJ 3eichsschulen (Hational Schools) are oontrolled by the RJF.

For chart and details of the l&IF see Anne= C

Note: Used in connection with the I&@, the abbreviation '%A" indicates Hmptamt (Department): iu the

it stands for the Hawtabteiltmg See next paragraph,

7. H3 Gebiete (HZ Xegions)

The HJ inside Greater Gemany is orgaaised into

43

Gebieta (Regions). '1Rith the exception of the Gebiet Sudeten- land and the Gebiet Befehlsstelle Ej&rnen und M$hmri, each such region corresponds to a Gau (district) of the Nazi Party proper. For occupied territory, 866 para.2. For list of Gebiete and corresponding Party Gau8, see Anoexe &

Each Gebiet is headed by the Gebietsf%hreti (Regional Leader), deputy is his Stab er (Chief of Staff)

-The GebietsfUmmg (Regional I%! Ha@-abteiluryr;en ~tive?Sections

organised into t abbreviated to HA, Dfndependent offices. The functions of t and special semi-

. #he to those of the Hamt-

HA I Personnel

HA . If Pre-military Training and Sports

HA I31 Ideological Training and Cultural Activities HA IV Social Services

HA V buildings and Homes HA VI Legal MattL!rs

Ha tabteilun en are split up iat0 Abteilunp: sec-tiwm

The Gabietsf%rer my appoint a subordinate to perfom tasks which are nomally the function of a HA or its su& section. Such specially appointed officials are termed, for emxnple:

GebietsbeauftMer (Regional Pleni&tentislry) f& K&V ~Kinderlsndverschic'kuq#Wacuation of Chil&wn) or

Gebietsmusikmfereat (Regional I)irector of U.k3ic) or Gebietsarzt (Regional Director, of Medicine).

A Gebietmekteq may be a general inspectoi of *he I%? within the region, or he be a specialist (e.g. Ikpector of Flying, Signals 0rCmrps in charge of speciaILiat units.

Each&&j.& adrainistemand maintains schools and camps. !Pwo or iora ~ebietsfWmmsch\ilen (ILegional Cffice1+9" Schools) provide training for the many executive post@ required by the Orgaaisatiol3, Sow Gebiefe conduct Special schools, such as \

music or medical schools or provide other specialist's courses. .

Although the Armed Forces have actually taken over the operation of the ~~ehrerticht&qungskger (Be-nilitary Train- ing Ca~qs) the Gebietsfihnrng concerned still a&ministers, then).

HIP youth hostels, nominally under the Deutsche Jqend- herbergen (nTN or Geman Youth Hostels, an organisation CBYL ried over from the Republic) are actually under X3 admini- stration and sqervision.

Details of each Gebiet are givett ih Xnnexe A, Part TWO, 8. 'I'he H3 Standoxt

The IXJ Standort (Garrison) is the highest Local au‘i;i-ro,rr- ity on all matters concerning Geman Youth. It is under the command of the Standortftthrer(krri,son Connander) and

handles all administrative details with regard to Xeichs- enddienslqfficht (Compulsory National Youth Sehm

The Standort naintains the individual youth's Ju,qet-id-

stmnlbla<vnal Reco,rcl); this contains all personal data, infomllation.on activities etc., in the greatest detail,

Zxtracta of the most assentia3, infunnation aze kept on the Karteikarte (Filing Card) h;3ld by the member's unit, and on the Diensikarte (Service Card), which also serves as personal identity card.

Being a local administrati.ve authsrity, the Standort is not part of the unit structure of the W, although, as will be seen in the Order of sattle lists (Annexe A), the Stand- ortflhxer (SOF) is often also the co;mnander of a 3ann.

9. X.J Banne (Regiments)

The Zann (2egi:nent) is the basic unit of the 53: in a

Gebiet thzare frm ten to thirty, or even more Banns, In 1943 the Junabann of the Iu, parallel to the Bann was abolished and the 03 Jungst&:ms (literally l'Y~uth Ilribe~?)

were placed under the supervision of the X3 %.na,

Generally each NSDAP-Kreis (Party not Sovsrn:Jentaf Uistrictj contains one cosresFondin& ID Bann, and its Head-

quarters are located in the same town as the corresponding IEUP--Kreis HQ. Larger Banne sometimes organise their own

schools and courses and some even operate youth hostels and homes as well as camp-ing sites.

The Bann is led by the Eannf&rer who frequently also

holds theTfice of Standort~rrison CorlLnander). Ee

is assisted by an Adjutant and a Wauptstammf%.rer, The Bann kkninistsation is divided into 6 Hauptstellen

(Zxecutivxffices) the functions of" which generally

correspond to the 6 I-Iaupt%t:?ter (Departments) of the,= and the 6 parallel Hauptabteilungen (Executive Sections) of the sebietsfiiluzlnq (degional Comanil ZQs).

An average Bann of about 6,000 is sub-divided into 5 St&rzne ("Tribes");- the HJ and yj Jungst&rz~e of the LtJ x6th a strength of about 600 each, but a large aann of 9,000 might contain 15 St%nme,

IO. Specialist Units of the Bann EachBann has semi: special s Motor-Staxm (Notorised)

Fl,ie~er+Starnm (Aviation) and

Xachrichten-Sta (Signals).

accordance with the established pattern of (Company), Schar (Platoon) and Kamaradschaft as outlined below. (para.11)

Among the smaller special service units found in the av ,e rage stamm are:-

Oneor Xusik-Gefolgschaften (Music) A SJ.cherungsdieast (SRD)-Gefolgschaft (5j Detachment) for patrolling, and

A Feuerweh&ch& (Firefighting Platoon)

lectity

II. Organisation below &&mental Lqvel

From the Stamm downwards the unit of organisation is standardised, ??%mm is divided into I+ Mfolgschaften (Companies) of 15Gh, and the Gefolgschaft is organised into 3 Schaxm (Platoons) of 50 each,

Each Schar is sub-divided into 3 Kamaradschaften (Comradeships of 15 each, and the latter split into 2

-7

Rotten (filss . A diagram giving organisation details will be found in Annex@ C, The number of youths in a com-mnity determines whether a Stamm, Gefolgschaft or Schar is organised there.

12. Numbering of Units

The numbering system of the Banne was originaly

designed to correspond with the regimental numbers of the Wehmacht in the same area.. The XI was to %arxy on the

old tradition" but the rapid expansion of the W made great inconsistencies inevitable,

Besides its number each Bann carries a name; this may be a special name (e.g. a Party martyr or a geographical term> or simply the name of the HQ location, or both.

Unit designations are usualt2y given in a.I?abiC nWnerak3, the first indicating the Gefolgs s the second indicating the Bann. Thus l/l00 stands for first Gefolgs.chaft of Bann 100. Na.'I/dOO stands for first NachrYichten-Gefo~gschaft (Signals Unit) of Bann 100.

The St- is mcated by a Roman Numeral. Thus I/j00 stands fox first Stamn of Bann 100. Ma.I/lOO stands for

the first Wachrichte~~ of%n 100. +

The special. service,units ~nurnbered consecutively in a separate series for each branch within evar$ Bann.

PART COTmmION 1s. Conscription Proceduke

III

AKU TI?.UKIXG

Conscription proceeds each year a~ follows: the tan yeast old registers in January and receives his Meldeschein

(iiegistration Card),

Ln Karch he appears at the Aufna~~ell(P'relimin- ary Rollcall) of his Standort,

Between the 10th and 19th April the Standort conducts a technischer Aufnahmedienst (Preliminary Technical Course) culminating in the fenpmbe (hb's Entrance Exstmination)

On the 2Qth April, the Rihrer's birthday, a cerefionial Standortappel'fTotaE Rollcall) is staged, at which all HJ members, old and new, ZIUS~ appear, The new Pkpf (cub) of the W and the new Jungmgdel, (“young girl”) of’ the JM, together with the 14 year olds who are being transferred into the KJ and the p;Du respectively, t&e the oath of

allegiance:

"Ich gelobe meinem E%hrer Adolf Hitler Treue. Ich verspreche ihm und den mhrern, die er mir besttiznt, jeder

zeit Rchtung und Gehorsam entgegen zu bringen" (% promise to be faithful to'my Fuehrer, Adolf HitZer, 1 promise obedience and respect to him and to the leaders he shall appoint over me").

I t is noteworthy that this oath is strikingly similar

to that adxtinistered to the Waffen SS3.

The new boy member is now entitled to wear the degger with the inscription 93lu-t und 3hre" ("Blood and Honour"),

q40 Basic Traini*

Activities of the HJ membership are numerous and take up 8. good deal of' the Gernan boy's time; exactly how much it

is iqo3sible t3 estimate, even though many regulations have

been issued on this subject. It may be said, however, that

most of the time not spent at work or school is spent Serb ing the IXJ,

k-t present it appears that the day-t-day situation

largely -L -eg:ulates the duties required of FJJ members, but the basic peace time progran:ae is carried on side-by-side vith

the war duties resulting from &x~~~any*s manpuwer shortage,

GeltanschauunA (ideological training) is at all times one of i;he tiaportant p'hasss in a young German's schooling.

At least one evening each week is spent attending lectures

given by specially trained leaders who use minutely worked out directives and Schulungsbriefe (educational pamphlets). Here the IU boys rnemorise xany stock phxascs of the Nazi political programle.

Physical training in the FLJ is designed to dev8lOp the young Germans, in H3AerQ3 own wordst into junior supermen:

"hard. as steel, tough as leather and swift as greyhoundart. All physical training is carried out with the help and

supervision of the lCUE3L, the Nationalsoziqlistiacher Belck+ bund f& Leibestibunq (National. Socialist Lea&e for Physical 'Training .

sane form of physical exercise inevitably of'military nature (grenade thrbPrring, small arms practice, etc.). Thus when the boy w-rives at a Smerlwer (summer camp) or WehrertkhtiQ- mumlager @EL or Fre-rni.litaJy Training Camp), he is already well -quainted ppith basic military fomticms and drill.

The training, boG mtmta3. and physical, is permeated by Nazi ideology and method, and in these caps, vacation periods

are utilised by the Nazi Party to strengthen still further its hold over the young.

Various contests, such as @A.scherBPettbewerb (&sic and Art Contest), Reichsberufswettkampf (National. Vocational Contest) and sports meetings on national +d regioIlal levels,

are held in order to &Mate a spirit of competition and to promote higher staslda2d.s of performance,

vinners are usually presented with certificates or badges, and receive ccmnensurate publicity in HJ publications,

being hailed almost as junior heroes.

Details of HJ Proficiency Examinatias are given in Annexe $,

15* V0cati.ona.l Train*

The vocational guidance program-me of tie HJ is conducted in the closest co-operation with the Deutsche Arbeitsfrcmt

(DAI? or Gevlnavl Labour Front).

Party Regional Youth Representatzve

'F1Pith the respective GebietsrUhrusP; 9n vocation&L guidavlce for the HJ.

LanddienE.", (Farm Service) in distinct contrast to the Lsndjmgatory yesr in agriculture) involves four years

of training in all phases of agriculture, part of which is conducted on a Landdienstlehrhof (model training farm): see hnexe A.

In peacetime, upcm graduation at 'I8 the boy receives his Neubauemschein (Junior Fsrmer's Certificate). The aim of

this training was to provide a number of young farmers to colonise the Eastern Territories.

Land Service formerly claimed many HJ boys, but today, because of shortages elsewhere, they are called for such-work

anly when a farm labour shortage is aoute eno!gh to*reqmre them, either local.Iy, or elsewhere in the Reich or m occupied territories.

For girls this service year remains universally obligatory.

The Bergd$.enst (Mining Service) of the HJ trains boys of q8 (also during war-time) for leading positions in the mining * industry.

The five gem course includes one year of Reich Labour Setice (RAD or Reichsarbeitsdienst ) and is divided into three phases. 3ach phase is completed by an exaraination, 8nd the

candidate pregressively attains the rank of +appe @her),

Hauer (Hewer+) and Steigeq (Foreman).

Wages for productive work performed during the schooling range frcm 15 Bd to 45 FM per month, and an additional 17 I@ are deposited in the boy's Government Savings Account to which he has no personal access*

16. Schools

The HJ has developed an extensive system of schools designed to trtin future leaders for its m and other NSDAP organisations,

These potmtial leaders are carefully moulded into the pattern of National Socialism and emerge as conscious Nazis, applying their philosophy to all situations and person8.

(Cases are on record of elderly citizens being thrm% into concentration camps merely for making cont~tuous references to HJ members.)

Lists of all HJ schools will be found in Annexe A.

17. G&ietsf&rerschulen (Regional Schools for Officers)

Gebiet&&.rerschulen (Regional Scksols for Officers) are controlled by the Gebietsv (Regina Ccmnand HQs) and serve as training centres for those boys who already lead large ~TOUPS or who are capable of doing so.

The boys are g5ven special courses in physicaL training md Party doctrines by BJ training perscmnel and schooled to fill posts within the structure of the Gebiet.

Instruction is given throughout th"E year, but primarily during holidays or summer months.

18. Reichsschulen (Natimal Schools)

These schools are under the direct supervision of the

HJF. They are specialist schools attended by HJ members tican ' all Gebiete, '

Cumicula are based on military, naval, sport, admini- strative and other subjects, but leadership is stressed equally wi.th proficiency in the special subject.

The Auslands- und Volkttmsamt (Bureau for Foreign

Affairs and Gemmism) conducts courses in foreign languages

and awards the HJ-Sprachmittlerschein (Interpreter's Certificate) for proficiency.

19.

Nationalpolitische Erziehungsansta&ten (National Political educational Institutions)

These establishments, which are abbreviated to NPii or Sola, are types of secondary school and components of

the HJ organisation.

An NPEA is usually organised as a HJ-Stmm, and is directed by a staff of SS Leaders whose pedagogical and intelIl.ectual qualifications are often outPireighed by their political reliability and previous services to the party.

Since physical training has first place9 instructian in practically a11 kinds of military 'spouts", such 8s skitig,

glider flying, motoring etc. is emphasmed. Tul-tam must be

paid by parents.

Graduates are not particularly enjoined to enter party

or Government sentice, but are usually attracted to military careers because of preferential treatment in the attainment of commissicms.

20. The Reichsjugendakademie (National Youth Academy) The Reichsjugendakademie (National Youth Academy) in BRAUNSC~TG, a fomml institute of tigher leaming for

Youth Officers School) still in operation in po1cSIwbI. Candidates for admission ~xust have sached their

17th

birth--

da2 and have completed secondary school or vocational tPain~- ir24, The school trains W lca&rs WilO wish to make a career

of their calling.

The orrlinary course lasts two years and consists of f'ive phases embracing practical experience in Bann &ministration, three mszlas of manual labour in German in*ry and six months &road,

Successful completion of studies entitles the student to the Jqgxn&Mhrerpatent (Youth Ieader Cormxission) and results in ixnmediate appoint!qent to a responsible position in the l-U.

Recently disabled War veterns between the ages of 23. and

28

have been admitted in large numbers, and various shorter course- 3 in Administration, Nazi Ideology, l%ultural Work*, Frcs.3 and Pqxqan&, Kcalth Set-vice, Social Work ox Farm Service rvcre institxted for them,

21. Adalf-Hitlcr-Sch~~en (Adolf Hitler Schools)

Adolf-Hitle~Schulen (Adolf Hitler Schools) arc free boardin;: school s conducted by the ?WXF, so called because they were conceived, ~$~~rtly endowed" and allegedly

azcltitechkra~ planned by the 3Wxrcr himself. Each school is directlgunder the supwvision of the reqective N%%'P Gauleiter (Party District Executive). Stu&nts are selected at the age of twelve fx3m the ranL3 of the W, and arjmission

depends on possession.of all the basic c1m&cteristics of a good fTazi.

These schools coxbine a curiol:s mixture of toughness and 1Q-w They are on the secon6ax-y school level and place great chassis on military "sports", character building, and devotion to the Party-state.

The teaching staff hzs received some or all of its train- ing at the I?cichs;j~xp,en~~,~~~~~e. The skident is xqar&d as a me&er of the HJ th!ughout his five years of schooling. Upon gradwtion, the stuJf2nts designed for cventu;~ MSUP leadership are admitted into the Party proper.

Cf the 4,000 graduates erner,@.r~s f’rOJA the d$ ~,[email protected]+ each

yeear, 1,000 uv selected to reassemble after seven years of

Party or XJ work, and, with other outstanti~ young-leaders,

to enter one of the Ordensburgen (Castles of the Teutonic Order).

Four Ordcnsburgen !xno~ as K$SSIXSXE, VOGXEQiG, SO?m<Om and sIrlRm= are in existoNe. There,

according to the chief of the German Labour i?ront, Robcti I&& this t'Elite~t is trained as the future Lasters of Gerxxany tt - great in knowledge, blind in obedience, fanatical. in faith".

PART IV

i7Jl.x SERVICE m lGIlmTrnY ‘2RAlTJ~

22. 'ff8x Service

War has imposed many additional responsibilities on the HJ. and efforts are made to place the boys where mapcm~ shortages are most pressing. To attract youth into German industries and simultaneously maintain political hold over them HJ.-LehrlinEs_- heime (Apprentices I-lames) have been instituted in the large towns, where in addition to an eight-hour day in the factories, the boys

also carry out nearly full HJ duties, Wages are nominal and saving is compulsory,

The KrieRseinsatz (Var Bergency Service) was created to help

with duties such as firefighting end AR?, i!J. personnel also working as conductors, maif clerks, post,%en, street cleaners etc. War salvage activities and collections for war charities are conducted regularly by the iiJ as well as the Kinclerlandves- Schick (KLV, or evacuation of children from boded areas m

In the KricRsbetrelrunasdienst (KBD or I'orces Welfare Service) the 1I.J ,vrites letters and sends parcels to the front, entertains soldiers in hospitals or while on leave, an1 runs canteens for me&hers of the Army.

The CSzman High Command's call for volunteers has been met by a considerable response from the 17 year olds of' the IIJ.

Volunteering is made attractive by the granting of special privi- ieges, such as short leaves, the wearing of the I-IJ armlet on the left upper arm of the army tunic, and the designation of "Krieas-

" (Volunteer), instead of the customary "private". H3 serving in any capacity with the Armed ?orces arc also entitled to receive regular army decorations for !I;ood work.

:LEUI~ I$J 'boyr; of the older age groups have also volunteered to serve as Armeci. 2 'orce Auxil.iaries in def'ence of the home country. HJ-Luftwaffenhelfer (AA Auxiliaries) are sixteen year old3

organised to man anti-aircraft defences, serve as spotters, and work at AA posts, releasing members of the Armed Forces for front

line duty.

Only students of secondary schools may volunteer for training and assignment ar, w They ,may be transferred to any distant &nger area, ht are bi-annually guaranteed a two-week holiday to see their families, ?'hcir HJ uniform is supplemented by airforce boots, a steel helmet, and other necessary personal_ Luftwaffe equipment.

W -1,'Zinehelfer (Naval Auxiliaries) are members of the I&rine-NJ 1 who have volunteered for routine duties with the Navy

in the coastal areas of Geznany.

Panzerschreckab&eil?~~en (tank delaflng sections) of the WJ. have recently been reported in action against the invading Allied a,nnoured units.

23. Liaison with the Armed Forces

AI.1 branches of the Anned Forces have maintained close

liaison with the KJ having their own representatives in the RJF (Reich.Youth Directorate). The Army, Airforce, and Navy fix definite annual q,uotas for special training in the HJ witha

Each Wehrkreis (military district or Corps Commands of Wehlazacht) and each Luftgau (district of the Luftwaffe) has Nachwuchsoffizier (iiecruiting Officer) who is assisted by a VerbindunEffizier (HJ--Liaison Officer).

the ii2

By order of the Amy High Command a direct relationship between units of the field army a& units of the HJ was estab- lished in January 1944. A regiment or an independent battalion "adopts" a H&-Bann as Patenbann (Poster Bann). The regirnent'a Ersatz Ei&~lace~~t), located i,n the vicin+ty of the Barn,, actively collaborates in the military training programe of

the Bann.

Members of the adopting army regiment or battalion in the field are often detached to the Bann to relate their war experien- ces and to act as temporary instructors,

In this connection it must be mentioned that the %.ffen-SS exerts a disproportionately high influence upon the H3.

In response to the imxeased need for trained manpower in the Armed Forces, the HJ has undertaken to provide basic training for boys under military age. Although semi-mili@,ry activities have always played an important part among the duties of tht: RJ

formal pre-military traininf; under direct supervision of the Armed Forces was not introduced until lV.@. Its purpose is to

sup@ment the training which must be compressed into a very short period when the boys are called up for regular service.

24. Wehrertkhti...un~sla~e~ (Pm-Military Trainin~md

The most effective form of pre-military training takes place in the Xehrert~chti~un~sla~er ( 'JBEL or Pm-Nilitq Training Csmpa), of which sorne

300

are believed to exist in Greater km.

Every

17

year old boy is required to take the three weeks basic course at a WEL before being drafted to labour service or prior to being "induced to volunteer" for the Armed Forces, including the Waffen-SS,

The usual 'hyEJ; has accormnodation for 300 to 400 boys, who are organised into Scharen and Xameradschaften,

Instructors are Army officers or more fpequently nowa- officers of the Taffen-SS and NCO's with ccmiba~ experience, Professional or semi-professional HJ leaders serve as assistants

and administrators only and a staff of male and female civilians maintain routine services.

The WEL is a very modern establishment, in no way comparable to army barracks. It has dining rooms, lounges, modernly-equipped kitchens and sick bays, store rooms, lecture halls with special technical and demonstrating equipment, motor pools and shops, sports arenas, and firing ranges.

The training plan provides for practical manoeuvres, the use of smaZ1 8rms, as well as

ideo3.ogiw.l schooling. Close order drill is The K&&eh (War Training Ce??tifiCate) completion of the course.

25. Sonderemeiten (Specialist Units)

f'ield exercises, and sports and

kept to a minimum. marks the successful

Sondereinheiten (Special Service Units) have assumed increy&d knportance in the accelerated pre-military training

programme of the HJ, By decree of the WF.

3%

of each hti age group must supplement theFr basic tra-ining in Sonderetieften,

where they acquire a rudimentary knowledge of the various branches

of military service.

HJ members of specialist units are organised into separate Scharen or attend a special EEL,, e.g. one for signal, motor or aviation training.

The various specialist service certificates and badges may be acquired during a course at the WEL. Tkie most advanced

trainees try to fulfil the requirements for the K.-bmgsleiter Schein ('Nar Training Instructor's Certificate). * By the end of

19&3

approximately 514,000 youths had passed

through pre-military training camps of the Hitler Youth Organisation.

26. Zachrichten HJ, (Sij7nals)

The Nachrichten-HJ (Signals) prepares boys for duty in the signal unit; of the Army and Air Force, and recently signal

tratiing has also been given in special service units of the DJ preparatory to trabfer into the Nachrichten-HJ.

TraintiP is conducted under direct supervision of thti md Forces, anG Gith full utilisation of their establishments and

equipment. It is divided into three phases:-

Ync first course lasting six months, gives signal training, inclu?iing an intro&ction to communication procedure and the operation of simple signal ins=Wxnents and equipment. After

passing ‘an exaknation, the HJ boy receives the Nachrichtenschein A (Signals Certificate A) which entitles him to wyr a distinctive

ba&e "A" on his left forearm, \

The second course consists of two and a half years*of basic sipal training covering all types of signal commmicz.tlon. Upon passing his final examination in this.course the trainee receives Nachrichtenschein B (Signals Certificate B) with the

corresponding badge YBn to Gear on his sleeve,

The third is a special course adding the final touch to the general signal training, and culminates in Nachrichtenschein C

an3 its correspon&ing badge.

27. Notor 'EIJ. (Motorised Hitler Yea

The Motor HJ founded in

1939,

is designed to train future recruits for the mkorised and armoced divisions of the Amny. This training is under the supervision of the Army, but the NSKX (National Socialist Motor Corps)~.furnishes instructors, eqtlipment and facilities.

Training during the first two years includes theoretical

instruction, workshop practice, and lectures on traffic regulations.

When the Motor-HJ boy has reached a rnbimm age of sixteen, he

takes an examination for his driver's licence,

The technical training includes a knowledge of all motor vehicles and the ability to perform on-the-spot repairs.

The Motor&J Abzeichen (Motor HJ Badge) is awarded for proficiency particularly in driving under difficult terra= contiitiins t from a tactical point of view).

exist.

I

28.

mine HJ (&~a m)

The Xarine-HJ. (Naval HJ) is generally composed of boys living in coastal regions and f'urnishes replapements'for the Navy andMim&antNavy. Training is under the supervision of naval personnel, and includes practically all phases'of naval. activities.

After a three to four years course, the&&&-Q boy has ' learned to man row&oats, barges and stiltig boats, he has a knowledge of flag signals and basic naval communications and the employment of the various trapes of naval craft.

The most exhaustive train+@ !s offered in the schulen (Reich Naval Sport Schools'listed in Amexe

SegelschulschWf (Sailing Training Vessel) "Hors% Wessel'.

Seesportabzeichen (Sea @&t B&ages) B, B ad C are awarded at the end of each stqge of training. The unifom wornby the ,Marine-HJ differs entirely frm the ordinar*Jp HJ uniform, and is almost identical with thk blue uniform worn by the German Navy, though the Hs amlet is retained,

\

- -W me&ers serving with the Merchant Marine my C~TV out

inland waterway duties with thtz Reichsbarm i3bxnenschiffti

(Naticmal Inland 'gatemays Unit) or coastal duties with the Rei&s- bann Seeschiffahpt (Natimal Sea&going Unit).

I

29,

Flieger HJ, (Atiaticm HJb*

The Flteger-HJ prepares boys for service b the German Air POI-C% Trajning is cmtrolled by the ~rkmmando der Luftwaffe

(Cl5 or Air Force High Ccuamn d), but instructors estiblishmmts

and trabing eq$pme& are Furrlished by the X3PK (Wational Socialist El* Corps).

Flyingtrainingbegins in the DJ ihen the twelve year old volunteers, organised in the Fliemx-D$ (Jun%or Aviatia HJ learn to build and to fly model plamw.

After transfer to the Fliemr-HJ the canstruction azld / c&at&n of gliders and theoretical in&%ctian fn aviation,

navigation9 aerial geography and other related mb$mts form a . fulltrainlng program=.

M&yworkshqs of the GermmState Railw&ys,Geman Postal b Service, Vockticmal School3 and4ndustrial conce.ms are at the

diSpos8.l of %hti' Flieggzr-HJ, _{. . .}

There az-e three SeRelfliegeq@keTchcn (Glider Badges) A,B and C, which ,are progtissivelx acq&'ed. To pass the extitim for Se&fIie~erabseidhea C, the a$plicant must n&ntain hi& glider #hove start@g'.height for at least five tiutes. ,

Selectedboys my prepare for &e examinatiorr for th8 &tit- f&&h (Glider Pilot% Certificate) and take ,further trauling 8s aimraft pilots.

For further details of HJ aviation trz@iing see Basic

Hzmdbook~/~2 o$ theNSFlZ. B

30,

HJ, Peldschere (FirstAid Units)

H&-F&I&here trab mostly for first-aid work in the M3 but a3~0 for duty a~.md%ca.l and a&ulance personnel in the

Armed Forces,

i

Training takes place under the supervision of full-time HJ doctors, in extensive courses given at Feldscherschulen (Pirst Aid Training !Schools). A list of these schools is given -in Armexe A,

Idedicel lectures, First Aid, Dental care, Casts and Trans- porting the wounded are some of the items on the general training programme.

After passing an examination, the boy receives a certificate and is entitled to wear the Peldscher fizeichen (hiedical Service Badge).

31.

Streifendienst (Patro.1 Service)

The Streifendienst (S12D) comprises the elite of the Nazi Youth, A board of high local MJ and SS leaders considers the

individual applications for service in the SRD, applying the rigorous standards of' the original Allgerneine SS.

Xrr the SRD are. cotiined all the various tasks of a supplementary 2% and p&ice force, Meribers check on the appearance of the other HJ me&ers as individuals and in

formations; they also control the youths passing through railroad stations and hostels. 3f.mthermore they correct such offences as begging, vagrancy and fraudulent collections.

The SRD operates in closest collaboration with police authorities, including the Gestapo and its members, trained and supervised by Ss, are regarded as eventual SS replacements,

The SRD may indeed be considered a ma3or problm for an

occupying force and a potential source of opposition and sabotage. Itz members' are among the most dangerous and unscrupulous types used as raiding squads and informers, In Poland they made up execution squads and formed Rollkmmandos (Pursuit Detachments) serv?.ng tander Death's &ad Officers of the SS.

The Schnellk am.mniio (tiergency Squad) is a sub-unit of the SPZD which is at the disposal of Germ~ny's various police forces for special duty at dang& spots during air raids, eta.

ln localities where no regular Feuerwe.hreinheiten (Pire- fighting Units) of the HJ ham have been organised, branches of the Sl?D we employed in this capacity.

!l%e distinctive insignia o- f the C5RD is a black ribbon around the sleeve with the inscription "Streifendienst"(see plate in Annexe C).

32.

Musikztige (Band ~latooazs)

Musikzke have always played a great part in the special activities of the'HJ and meetings and festivities of the organisation are invariably embellished by the performances of these musical units.

Combinations of band groups range from drum and fife bands to bugle.(fanfares) corps arid full size brass bands.

Each Bann has at least one Musikgefal~schaft (Music C-any), and musical. training is given in special HJ Courses at most

musical institutes in Germany. Some music schools have even been &ken over by the IIJ for this purpose, (For list, see Annexe A) It is believed that bugle code siels have recently been taught in these schools.

Reichsmusikzu~ (National HJ Band) which frequently tours Eater Germany and often broadcasts.

AU members of musical units we= "Schw~lbennester"

(Epaulxttes with fringes) as riistinctive insignia.

Spielscharen are propaganda troops which present shows and plays expounding Nazi ideology. Some Banne and each Gebiet

maintati a Spielschar, Performances o-titular ina and

value to the organisation are given over the air.

33.

Gebirgs-H& (Xouz&aineersl

$he w HJ provides mountain training in preparation for futuz% service with the' mountain troops, This training.is ‘outlinecl, by the Army, and given in close co-operation tith the Deutschez! Alpeqvergin (DAV or German Alpine Cl&).

l&&&em of the Gebirgs-HJ are organised in so-called etig- fahrtengruppen, small. groins whfch undertake independent mountain expeditions, involv-ing tiountati climbing and skiing, Upon passing a special course, the G-ebirsts-NJ boy acquires the Berg,fahrten- ftihrer mzeichen (Ju.nio~ Uountain Guide Badge).

NOTE: The Reiter HCJ (Cavalry) was a peace time branch of the' HJ specialising as horse-mounted units. It has not been heard of skce the outbreak of war.

PAJ3V

With the introduction of ccrmpulsozy youth service in 1936 a considerable need for new leaders arose. Only 8,000 Haupt&ntliche F&rer (Ml-time, professional and salaried officials) were avtilable for the leadership of millions of new members.

At first many new leaders were combed out of the old ravlks of the Stanm-M (see para 3). When this source was

depleted, less qualified appointments were made.

Tn any case, all tiJ officials are chosen by the. Command HQ of the next higher administrative level in accordance with the TJazi "FIIhrerprinzip". This has led to much intrigue, the use of influence ,.and personti conflicts in connection with both appointments and prmotions.

To stop the gaps left by leaders having entered the AYmed Forces, ;EI..xnctionaries of other Nazi Party orgmisaticms are being drafte& to fill their posts temporarily. Until Spring 194-4 Haupttitliche FCthrer, of which there are at present about 30 ,GGG, received military deferment, but might volunteer, if they so mished.

35.

Ranks

The follcmuing are the ranks of the XJ proper, in ascending order: any attempt to equate them withiVehrmaoht ranks would be misle&ing, but the diagram of units and unit commanders in Annese C gives their relative positions.

Beyond inclusion in the diagrams and plates of tiexe C no specid, treatment of the ranks of the DJ or BDK has

been undertaken in this handbook: :hitlerjunge Rottenrtihrer Kameradschafts~er Gberkameradschaftsflihrer Scharf&rer Oberscharmer, Gefolgschaftsf&rer Obergefolgschaftsfihrer HauptgefolgschaftsFahrer Stamm*es Oberst~er Bmf?&rer Gberbamff.!.hrer Hauptbamf&rer Gebietsf&rer Gbergebietsf&Jrer Stabstier ReichsjugendftShrer

Leaders ap ointed for the duration of the war &y, add a "X;- ++ (KriegJ in front of their respective ranks

(e.g. K-Gcfolgschaftsrahrcr).

As the fourteen year old is transferred from the D3 into the HJ, he beccmes a Hitlerjunge.

after six months service, be appointed Rot$enf%rer. It takes about one year to attain each of the next higher ranks, e,e. Kameradschftsrtfkirer and ScharMhrer.

The Gefolp;schtisWer is usually

1.8

years of age, Bmf%hrer and higher ranking officials are generally old and members with considerable party influence.

Although there is rio official age limit, HJ leaders

ordinarily tr~ansfer to other NSDAP formations after they have reached the qge of 35.

The addition of nOber-rl or "Erupt-? to the ordinary rank indicates recognitim of length of service only and does not necess4M.ly connote a higher fuuctional statis.

I!?rcan the rank of Bannf%hrer upwti, HJ leaders are employed on a fully paid basis. _{Lower ranks, by the display} of special zeal may in certain cases also receive

remuneraticms Scharrtthrer

Bihrer - 200 ii-. - 120 EM per month; Gefolgschafts- 36. tii.foYms ad Insignia of mc

Jh summer the HJ wear the followiw:- Brm shirt

Black cotton shorts Brown shoes

Grey stockings

Black neckerchief with leather knot. In titer the uniform consists of:-

Dark blue ski-trousers

Brown balaclava (often with Hoheitsabzeichmj Brown boots

Peaked dress cap (with coloured piping)

Greenish brorrrn overcoat (with which the dirk and scabbard with KT motto "Blut und Ehre_" is worn) ti Aruzexe C plates give illustrations of KJ and BDM uni.forms.and in&&a of ra&, It should be noted that the ranks o,f Oberrott&Wrer(HJ), Jungbanqf&rer and Oberhorden- f'&.rer(DJ) shown there, are now obsolete.

The insignia of the Reichsjugenmer do not <appear in hnnexe ;- his epaulette carries the same cluster of leaves . as that of the GebietsfYihrer, surrounded by a laurel wreath.

The numerals appearing on the silver buttons of the epaulettes in the lower ranks indicate the unit concerned (Arabic for Gefolgschaft, Roman for Bsnn)..

Epaulet-&s may also be found which differ slightly frcan those shawln in Annexe C. Sometimes letters or abbreviations replace the unit nwaber and indicate HJ branches or schools. 37. Other In&ma and Badges

Pla%es in Annexe C also illustrate various insignia denoting specialist employment, unit, etc.

The exarLvles given do not form a caprehensive list; the folldng emblems , not illustrated, may be of interest:-

Ffieger (Aviator) : Feldscher (r'irst Aid): Arzt (Doctor) :

propellor, with vings, on a blue parallelogram

white cross on a red circle gold caduceus (rod and. seryznt) on an oval blue background ringed with gold.

r\T(yp.

- ur In Annexe C the m patches showing the Untergau and

Oberaau of the IX&f are now obsolete, as the Obergau has been abolished and the Unteqau changed to I?LM Bann.

PARITVI

38. HJ in Occupied Tetitoties

The HJ in occupied territories is regional.ly administered by Befehlsstellen (T~mitorial $oxmnd HQ%).

Befehlsstelle BOlXMEE UXD I&HREN is the only commnd which

enjoys the status of a Gebiet.

Each Refehlsstelle is headed by a Chef (Chief) with staff. This staff is similar to thatofa Gebiz?%hrun& andis orgmised into offices accordinp; to the requirements in the terz5toqy in question.

39. HJ in Fore&n Territoties

In common with other NSIXP formations, the HJ has also played a role in the Nazi att*t to sponsor its om

orgmisations in fore&n countries, as ell as to spread its philosophy there. The approach to the young people of other countries has been outwardly conducted under the gtise of

prumoting understanding between the youth of the world; actually the usual Nazi tactics of infiltration and coercion are employ&

Principle agencies camng on this work are:-

The Apslands-und VoILkshps of the m (see pm 6). The Eittelstelle fffr Volksdeutsche Jwendarbeit (Centm G-e&c Youth Ifsork) of the faazi Party.

The Volksbund f& das Deutsch~ im Ausland (WA or Pop&w League for Gemanism Abroad).

Their m&n efforts are directed at Gemans or people of %ema.r&c originn living abmad. The former are coerced, the latter wooed.

%any publications and directives are published purely for such foreign consumption and special EF representatives are sent to neutral and Axis capitals.

The HJ representatives in countries beyond the borders of Greater Gemany, are listed in alphabetical older in accordance tith the country to which they am Raccredited", in Part Six of Annexe &

The Auslands-m.dVolkstutqsmtis the executive agemy for the organisation of youth in foreign countties.

Individual l3J me&em are responsible to it, and where Banne

or other units can be formed, they also come under its ,~urisdictione

German-speaking young people fmm other countries are invited to the Reich, at no expense to themselves, in oxfier to receive training in 1eademhQ at,HJ instjtutes.

Special stress in all these matters is placed on tie so-called "GeM cft youth, including not only Norwegians, Danes, Dutch and Flmings, but also Walloons, Finns and Latiatls.

A more a&itious project, the tiLeague of European Youth" mxs laumhed by the Nazis in September 1942 at Vienna. There,

the Par$y managed to rally the youth organisations of fo&een nations (& satellites) amund the principhes Of "unequivocal adherence to the 333construction of tie New Eurcpe" and the promotion of intemal struggles against "Jewish-Plutocmtic- Bolshev%st ideas",

Nations participating wme: Gemany, Italy, fhrmania, Bultgarj.a, Croatia, Slovakia, Spain, ITorway, Hmgary, Holland, Belgium, nWalloonia" (Belgium), Denmark and Finland. A permanent secmh.hat was formed and a monthly periodiCa

nJmges Eumpa" (Young People) was fovulded.

O-t;her international activities of the HJ were the estaIbli.akrment of:-

A World Youth Hostel at .Altena near %gen/estfalen in

i934 (tmder the auspices of the Intexmtiona1 %orking Committee for Youth Hostels).

A Germanic House opened in Bmunschweig,

WEL (See Annexe A, Part Five) for Germanic Youth at

Stegskopf ar~3 Seeboden, which co-operate with the Volksdeutsche l@ffen SS.

The Geqnaa2 l sche Lmddiemtjughd (G-f3 3xmdc Land Service Yo-uth) for agticulturdl mrk in the Eastern tedtories.

OL~SITION YOUTH MOVXMEW1S 40. Lesp.3. l&s.sures regarding German Youth

The ?olizeiveror&xxng cum Schutze der Deutschen Jugend (Police Decree for the Protection of German Youth) issued in November 1943 by HIhWE3, in his capacity as Chief of the German Police, indicates that Hitler's campaign to win the youth of Germany, despite its thoroughness, has met with some resistance,

The decree prohibits youths between the ages of 96 and 18 from frequenting places of entertainment after 9 o'clock in the evening, tiess accompanied by a'parent or guardian. People under 46 are completely barred frown such locales after 9 o'clock, and no one under 48 is permitted to smoke, dance or drink in public under any circumstances.

Those who join the Wehzmacht, md SS are exempt from these regulations:

recruitment. this is believed to have encouraged

moral

The real purpose of this edict, aside from any pretended or so-called disciplinary reasons, may have been to discourage unsupervised gatherings of young people, where opposition to the regime might be planned or covertly displayed.

41. Unofficial youth organisations outside the HJ Reports on hand clearly indicate the existence and growing strength of underground and unofficial organisations operating outside the HJ. .

Some of them are secret remnants of the old "BUndische Jugend" or the confessional youth movements; others 'are prob&ly Left Wing in origin. Some have recently been created as sma'll groups functioning within a t.gvm, city or city district; others may have national or regional

connections.

It is not always clear whether these groups exist as convinced anti-Nazi cells or are tierely a reaction to the: restrictions, discipline and military orientation of the HJ. Many have simply developed out of the desire of young people to enjoy their sports, hikes and cultural activities unshaoky led by party supetision and coercion,

A group in ilustria, called "W$ener Praterschltifef' plans its activities inlocal dance halls and its activities have been reported in the Viennese press.

Some meet secretly at their leader's hame, scxne assemble mder the guidances of a parish priest or minister, some are

led by older people, while a few maintain liaison with adult underground movements, Xembers often wear secret insignia inside their coat lapels.

S-called "Edelweisspiraten" (EP or Edelweissban

in the Rhineland, the Ruhr, Westphalia and Southan Gennrury have attacked isolated HJ boys, provoked them in street

fights, assaulted SS and SA personnel and even performed acts of sabotage, such as staxting fires in fuel dumps.

42, Repressive Measures

Nazi police forces, andinparticuUrH.JSED detachments are constantly on the alert for these opposition groups,

It is, reported that on apprehension for the first time, these boys 8x-e liable, in case of lesser demeanours to be taken into custody cwer a weekend ("Jugendarrest") Etzrther offences resylt in sentences to Zwangsanstalten

(Compu.lsory Institutes). f

Two former concentration camps, at R.LWZNSmflCK and KIRINGEN, have been transfovraed into Ju~endschutzlager der Sipo (Security Polfce Carqs for the Protective Custody of Youths), and are said to come up to she standard of the normal. adult concentration camps, for brute treatient of the inmates.

(Order of Battle Tables)

PART ONE: List of HJ GJZBIETE.

1. Part One lists the HJ Gebiete numerical order, giving the NSDAP Gau is practically identical.

and Befehkstellen in with which each Gebiet

PART TWO: THBHJGEBIETE.

2. Part Two gives details of each Gebiet, in ntmerical order, the first page in case giving HQ, personalities and schools, and folkming pages giving the identified Banne of the Gebiet.

3. "GZBIETSFkRUNG"; (Regional Dire&mate)

Gives HQ location, and identified staff pers&naIities, using Gem tezms and abbreviations.

4. "IrnIFZED xwNt3": In addition to Banne (and axq of thei&aVied subunits), towns in whicmAP Ki-eise have theix HQ, are listed for reference, as'it is a general principle that HJ Banns are located in such towns.

5. Part Three provides a numerical index of the Banne with Gebiet to which each belongs. Bame with specie2 names till'oe at the end of the list.

PART FOUR:~BAN1\Fi~ JLISW WTICAUY.

6. Pert Four gives the same information as Part Three, except that Banne identified by location only will.also be- found here, while I?a.xme identified by mmkmr only are not included.

PARTFIVE: HJ SCHO0zSANDCAMXS.

7. I Schools are here listed according to type, and subdivided in most cases according to the Gebiet in which they are lczated.

PART SIX: HJAUXUDSFk.

8. Part Six lists HJ representatives abroad, according to countries; rank and. functions are given,

NOTE: for German towns, names of bureaux etc. reference should be made to the text. 0ff.icia.l abbreviations' are given in hnexe D,

ANNEXEA PART ONE

HJ.a3IEm AND 3EFEmsTEw

With corresponding NSDAP. &xl

HJ, Gebiet EJ’STZBP. Gau

No: Name : No: Name :

1 Ostpreussen (for- merly O&land) Mark Brandenburg 3erli.n Niederschlesien Pmm Nordmrk Nordsee Niedersachsen 25 Ostpreussen K&igsberg/Pr. 16

3

21 26 29 37 33 9 10 11 12 fi8 6 11 18 Ertlark Brandenburg Berlin Niederschlesien Pommern Schleswig-Holstein Weser-Elm3 Sad-Hannewer- 33raunschweig Westfalen-Nord Essen Kbln-Aachen Moselland J-3 & 15 16 17 18 17 20 Westf'alen-Nord Ruhr-Niederrhein K&+&hen Moselland (formerly Westmark) Hessen-Nassau Kurhessan mttelland Sachsen Thtiingen Franken HOChland wttemberg 10 13 8 27 34 7 19 42 21 22 1 2 23 24

25

Baden l3aymuth (formerly Bayrische Ostmark) Mittelelbe R&cklenburg We&nt32% (formerly Saarpfalz) -Tz Wien Niederdonau Oberdonau Steiermark K&r&en Salzburg (formerly Ostmark) Tirol-Vorarlberg IXh3seldorf Hessen-Nassau Kurhessen Halle-Merseburg Sachsen Thtiingen Franken MUnchen-Oberbayern W-text&erg- Hohenzollern Baden Bayreuth 3.4 Magdeburg-Anhalt

17

Mecklenburg 40 Westmark 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 -w3 43. Wien 20 Niederdonau 22 Oberdonau 31 Steiermark 11 K&r&en 28 Salzburg 33 34

35

Tirol-Vorarlberg 5 Dusseldorf

35

Sudetenland Sudetenland

36

:i Schwaben Danzig-Westpreussen War&eland 32 30 4

36

Schmben Danzig-Westpreussen Wartheland Location of Headpters Frankfurt/% Berlin (3.2 Breslau I 3tetti.n II Xiel. Oldenburg'O. Hannover MClnster/Westf. bW.heim/Ruhr KKLn Koblenz (Rhein) Wiesbaden Kassel Halle/S. Dresden A. 24 Weimar NUrnberg Mhchen Stuttgart W. Strassburg Bayseuth Magdeburg Schwerin Meustadt/a.d, Weinstrasse Hamburg1 Wien Vr11/65 Ken XIX/~Y Linz (Ponau) Graz nagenfurt Salzburg Innsbruck IXkseldorf- Eller Xeichenberg- Oberro-Senthal Augsburg Danzig Posen

HJ. Gebiek 3: Nanx? s Headquarters r&: Name : 39 Mainfranken 15 Mainfranken 40 Oberschlesiez3 23 Oberschlesien 41 Ost-Haanover 24 Ost-Hannuver

42 We&f alen-Slid 42 Westfalen-Stid SE Gebiet Befehlsst. l3hmen u. l&hren IE Ekfehlsst. Belgien % Befehlsst. Generalgouvernement 1~ Ekfehlsst. Niederlande w Befehlsst, Osten R Befehlsst. O&land wlirzburg Kattowitz Ltieburg Bochum Prag XXX Brussels Krakau (Cracuw) DenHaag Riga

x On19 the Befehlsstelle (Territorial C-d IQ) B&hswn und M&hren (Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia) has the legal