CU-TEP , Test A READING PART I
As you read the following passage, choose the best answer to fill the blanks from the choices given below. Then blacken the number of your choice on your answer sheet. There are 15 blanks (Nos. 31-45)
It has been repeatedly asserted by several reporters and critics that Japan has neither sincerely apologized for its wartime actions nor offered any substantial reparations or compensation. 31. . Japan has clearly and repeatedly expressed its sincere remorse and apologies, and has dealt sincerely with reparation issues.
These apologies were irrefutably expressed, 32. , in Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama’s official statement in 1995, which 33. a cabinet decision and which has subsequently been upheld by 34. . prime ministers, including Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori. Mr. Murayama 35. that Japan “through its colonial rule and aggression, caused tremendous
damage and suffering to the 36. of many countries, particularly to 35. of Asian nations. In the hope that no such mistake 38. in the future, I regard,
in a spirit of humility, these irrefutable facts of history, and express here once again my 39. of deep remorse and state my heartfelt apology.”
With regard to reparations and compensation 40. from events related to the war, Japan has dealt with these issues 41. the Sam Francisco Peace Treaty and other bilateral treaties. As far as Japan’s relationship with legally resolved. In accordance with these treaties, Japan renounced its assets abroad - 43. to have totaled $28 billion at the end of the war – leaving nearly ¥946 billion to a number of Asian countries, including the Phillipines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and the Republic of Korea, in reparations and 45. payments. The majority of these payments were
made during the 1950s and 1960s, the monies offered being the most Japan could afford, given the economic and financial constraints of the day.
31. 1. In fact 3. In conclusion
2. In short 4. In other words
32. 1. by contrast 3. in detail
2. of course 4. on reflection
33. 1. was led on 3. was based on
2. was put on 4. was turned on
34. 1. supportive 3. impressive 2. successive 4. consecutive 35. 1. said 3. spoke 2. told 4. uttered 36. 1. citizens 3. occupants 3. minorities 4. dwellers 37. 1. ones 3. some 2. those 4. them
38. 1. could not be made 3. will be made
2. was made 4. has been made
39. 1. senses 3. reasons 2. feelings 4. ideas 40. 1. arose 3. arise 2. arising 4. to arise 41. 1. on 3. over 2. along 4. through 42. 1. supporting 3. important 2. relevant 4. concerning
43. 1. worth 3. costing 2. valued 4. estimated 44. 1. Otherwise 3. Furthermore 2. Therefore 4. Nevertheless 45. 1. few 3. their 2. any 4. other INSTRUCTIONS PART II
The reading passages have a number of questions following them. In each case, select the best answer for each question and blacken the number of your choice on the answer sheet. There are 45 items in PaRTS II-VI (Nos. 46 – 90).
PART II
Your July 3 special report, “The People Trade,” was special indeed. The terrible loss of life in Dover, England, is a dreadful tragedy. Human smuggling is an evil crime motivated purely by financial greed. To prevent any similar tragedies in the future, the British and European governments must crack down hard on all forms of illegal immigration and asylum seeking. For too long, Britain and Western Europe have been seen as a “soft touch” by economic-asylum seekers wishing to exploit the generous welfare systems of these countries. Most asylum seekers coming to the United Kingdom, for example, are found to be seeking economic betterment, and though their asylum claims are bogus, little is done to deport them because “host” governments fear being branded racist or fascist. Genuine refugees, fleeing real persecution, should of course always be helped, but the bogus ones, of whatever color, should be swiftly removed.
Dominic Shelmerdine London, England
46. The main idea of this passage is ____________. 1. the loss of life in Dover was a terrible tragedy. 2. there is a genuine refugee problem in the U.K. 3. illegal immigrants should be denied entry or deported
4. Western Europe welcomes economic refugees with open arms.
47. The term “soft touch” in line 7 suggests that Britain and Western Europe ___________.
1. are easy to reach.
2. do not have entry requirements. 3. treat asylum seekers with suspicion 4. accept economic refugees too easily
48. The word “bogus” in line 13 most nearly means _________ .
1. fake 2. alien
3. persecuted 4. exploitative
49. Britain and Western Europe seem reluctant to take action against illegal immigrants for fear of being accused of _________ .
1. job bias 2. gender prejudice
3. political persecution 4. racial discrimination
50. The writer believes that most asylum seekers to England are seeking _________ .
1. social status 2. financial gain
PART III
In a world among the clouds, entomologist David Hawks and I keep watch for the brilliant jewel scarab beetles of Honduras’s tropical montane forests. We wait like fishermen with nets cast, standing beside lighted white bedsheets spread on the ground.
We collect jewel scarabs to estimate their population sizes and study their ecology and distribution. Dave joined me here in 1992, bringing his passion for jewels with him. Since then we and others have found seven new species in Honduras, and we rediscovered a species
Not surprisingly, scarabs have also attracted commercial collectors. While many sell for a few dollars, a bright red specimen might fetch $ 200, the finest gold, $500. With such a bounty on scarab heads, some conservationists worry that populations could be depleted by the trade. But our research suggests otherwise.
Catching insects isn’t like hunting jaguars. Millions of jewel scarab eggs, Iarvae, and pupae remain underground, while collectors but the most determined. Many cloud forests are a strenuous trek away ; others require a helicopter. The biggest threat to scarabs is not insect hobbyists but loss of habitat as tropical forests are converted to farms. We believe that regulated beetle collecting by local people-and, in time, beetle farming-could actually help slow this process. It has been successful elsewhere with butterflies and other insects. If a cottage industry developed, some local people might find that a treeless patch of land is worth less in the long run than a standing forest full of jewel scarab beetles. 51. Which of the following does NOT refer to scarabs ?
1. Jewels 2. Insects
3. Beetles 4. Butterflies
52. Where would you most possibly read this article ?
1. In a textbook 2. In a directory
53. When the writer and his friend are in the tropical cloud forest, they feel _________ .
1. excited 2. worried
3. surprised 4. exhausted
54. What seems to attract collectors most is the scarab’s _________ .
1. size 2. head
3. color 4. variety
55. What did the writer and his friend find out in their research ? 1. New scarab species were very few.
2. Scarab populations will not be dying out soon.
3. Commercial collectors are losing money on scarab heads.
4. Conservationists were right in their predictions regarding scarab research. 56. The phrase “a cottage industry” (lines 24 – 25) refers to _________ .
1. beetle farming 2. jewelry business 3. construction industry
4. catching butterflies and other insects
57. The phrase “this process” (line 23) refers to _________ . 1. digging up scarab eggs for export
2. changing tropical forests into farms 3. catching scarabs for commercial purposes 4. transferring insect hobbyists by helicopter
58. The phrase “weeds out” (line 18) is closest in meaning to _________ .
1. pays for 2. takes in
59. The writer ends the passage with _________ . 1. support for the preservation of forests
2. support for the land development scheme
3. a strong argument for changing forests into farms
4. a favorable response to the growth of the scarab business 60. A good title for this piece would be _________ .
1. The Death of the Scarab Beetle 2. Scarab Beetles – a New Species
3. Encouraging News about Scarab Beetles 4. The Problems of Catching Scarab Beetles PART IV
Taking vitamin C can reduce death rates by as much as 42 per cent for men and 10 per cent for women who have taken it in high doses, a study released on Thursday showed.
The study by the UCLA School of Public Health, to be published Friday in the journal Epidemiology, found a strong relationship
The study by the UCLA School of Public Health, to be published Friday in the journal Epidemiology, found a strong relationship between increasing does of vitamin C and a reduction in cardiovascular disease.
In a 10-year follow-up study of 11,348 US adults, researchers found that men who took relatively high doses of vitamin C were 45 per cent less likely to die of heart disease than men in the lowest intake group, while women were 25 per cent less likely to die of heart disease than those who ingested little vitamin C.
The researchers noted that claims that vitamin C improves health are not new. Vitamin C, which is found naturally in citrus fruits, potatoes and leafy vegetables, is often taken in tablet form to prevent ailments from scurvy to the common cold.
But earlier data on long-term health effects of high intake of the vitamin have been sparse and inconclusive, they said.
They cited the UCLA study as the most comprehensive to date because it factors in age and sex of the subjects and a number of other variables, such as smoking and medical history.
The researchers concluded that their findings support earlier indications that high levels of vitamin C and other antioxidant vitamins, such as A and E, reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.
They also said the new research lends support to previously documents that high levels of vitamin C and other antioxidant vitamins, such as A and E, reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.
They also said the new research lends support to previously documented trends showing higher consumption of vitamin C and significant declines in age-adjusted death rates that are only partly explained by declines in smoking and cholesterol levels.
Surveys have shown that about one fourth of all US adults take vitamin supplements daily and about half use them less regularly. Vitamin C is the most common of all supplements and is the nutrient most likely to be consumed in quantities greatly exceeding the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 60 mg per day.
For the UCLA study, researchers looked back at examination records from 1971 to 1974 for the group of adults aged 25 – 74 and followed up for mortality through 1984. In that time, 1809 people in the sampling died.
The highest intake group studied took daily supplements containing vitamin C, primarily in the form of multi-vitamin pills. Most of those people took several hundred milligrams a day of vitamin C.
61. The population used in the research is ____________ . 1. non-smoking adults of all ages.
2. adults with different health problems. 3. adults of both sexes and different sexes. 4. children as well as adults of both sexes.
62. According to the finding of the UCLA study, vitamin C may ___________. 1. prolong life
2. affect ingestion
3. reduce cholesterol levels 4. increase cardiovascular disease 63. What is TRUE about vitamin C ?
1. It is not recommended for those who have cholesterol problems. 2. If taken at high levels, it may increase the risk of arteriosclerosis. 3. It can be taken in the form of pills as well as from natural sources.
4. Like other antioxidant vitamins, it has both advantages and disadvantages. 64. The UCLA study was claimed as the most comprehensive because it _______.
1. was conducted over 10 years
2. reports new and very useful findings. 3. reports new and very useful findings
4. contains various subjects and other health-related factors
65. From the UCLA study, the figure 1,809 (line 36) indicates ________. 1. a low death rate
2. a high death rate 3. nothing conclusive
4. deaths resulting from vitamin C overdose 66. “Scurvy” (line 15) is a kind of ________.
1. disease 2. mineral
3. nutrient 4. vegetable
67. The word “sparse” (line 17) is close in meaning to ________.
1. complete 2. confusing
68. The word “them” (line 30) refers to ________.
1. adults 2. surveys
3. quantities 4. supplements
69. According to the text, ________.
1. the highest vitamin C intake group is women 2. 25% of US men consume vitamin C every day.
3. people tend to take vitamin C more than the recommended daily amount 4. more than 50 % of US citizens take vitamin supplements once in a while 70. The main purpose of the article is to ________.
1. reveal the benefits of vitamin C intake 2. warn readers of the dangers of vitamin C 3. encourage people to take vitamin supplements 4. urge researchers to make further studies on vitamin C PART V
Burma is an undeveloped country full of natural resources. However, the present reform movement seems to be content to vent its hot air through the foreign press and petty “rallies” while the few in power carefully sell all the national treasures, including timber, natural gas and gems, for their own benefit.
The South Africans found their country finally in the power of the majority, only to find out that they inherited a country empty of all of its former wealth. Natural resources are alarmingly finite. When they have all been sold, there is nothing left but hard work to develop the country. And there is no wealth left to distribute among the people.
Real reform is achieved through the time-honoured tradition used in every country in the modern word. It needs no foreign press coverage expressing the views of the expatriate nationals. No sanctions by the rich nations of the world are necessary or of any use. A zero percent record on this tactic speaks for itself.
All of you “downtrodden, overly policed and militarily dictated” Burmese who want to run your country with a democratic government must look no further than the other democracies of today as an example. Revolution doesn’t come without sacrifice.
Stop complaining about international corporations investing while you contemplate (Mahatma) Gandhi and his non-violent tactics. The time is right for … If you can’t figure out the rest, you deserve every injustice you currently have.
I hope this letter will end all further correspondence regarding all aspects of the Burmese reform movement and that The Nation will stop devoting any further space to any topic related to the useless leaders of such movements. Until the people of Burma have some progress to show towards revolution, let the only news be of new financial triumphs in the easy pickings of exploitation of Burma’s resources at the expense of the silent, apathetic masses.
Dexter R Andersen FREEDOM FIGHTER 71. The writer of this letter ___________.
1. is a supporter of the military regime in Burma 2. is in favour of the Burmese democratic movement
3. feels that the Burmese democratic movement has been a failure 4. believes in achieving democracy in burma through peaceful means 72. The writer implies that like Burma, ___________.
1. South Africa had no natural resources left. 2. South Africa was run by a corrupt government.
3. South Africa was governed by a minority ethnic group.
73. The writer does not believe that ___________.
1. international sanctions against Burma would work. 2. Burmese dissidents living abroad are largely ineffective
3. in a democracy, the Burmese would have to work hard to develop their country. 4. the international community needs to put greater pressure on the Burmese government.
74. The phrase “this tactic” in line 15 refers to ___________.
1. real reform 2. the expatriate
3. the use of sactions 4. extensive press coverage 75. According to the writer, the problem with the reform movement is that the Burmese ___________.
1. are far too short-sighted in terms of their goals 2. want to see more examples of democracy at work
3. are willing to resort to violent means to achieve their end
4. are used to being oppressed and don’t have the energy left to fight. 76. the writer feels that the Bumese democratic movement should ___________.
1. open a dialogue with the military regime 2. organize a revolution to achieve their ends.
3. consider adopting the non-violent tactics of Gandhi 4. gain more support from the international community 77. What is the best title for this article?
1. The Need for Action 2. Let the Burmese Suffer 3. Complaint and Reform 4. Burma and South Africa 78. The phrase “to vent its hot air” (lines 2 – 3) means to ___________.
1. calm its fear 2. suppress its anger 3. release its feeling 4. review its position
79. The world to complete “The time is right for …”(line 22) should be ___________.
1. revolution 2. negotiation
3. cooperation 4. comtemplation
80. The last sentence of the letter seems to be ___________.
1. sarcastic 2. defensive
3. informative 4. encouraging
PART VI
The large copper bowl lay within my grasp, undisturbed for 1,500 years since it had been placed upside down over the dead man’s face. Our them had worked more than a month to reach this point in the excavation of one of the richest and most intriguing tombs ever found in Peru-the tomb of a Moche leader.
The Moche inhabited a series of river valleys along the arid coastal plain of northern Peru from about A.D. 100 to 800. Through farming and fishing, they supported a dense population and highly stratified society that constructed irrigation canals, pyramids, palaces and temples. Although they had no writing system, the Moche left a vivid artistic record of their activities in beautiful ceramic vessels, elaborately woven textiles, colorful murals, and wondrous objects of gold, silver and copper.
Finding undisturbed Moche tombs is rare in an area that has been looted for more than four centuries, yet from 1997 to 1999 our team of U.S. and Peruvian researchers discovered three extraoridinary tombs at Dos Cabezas, an ancient settlement in the lower Jequetepeque Valley. Outside each burial chamber was a miniature tomb containing a small copper statue meant to represent the tomb’s principal occupant. Each tomb also contained a remarkably tall adult male who would have been a giant among his peers.
Gently lifting the copper bowl, I expected to see a skeletonized face. But stead, looking up at me with inlaid eyes, was an exquisite gold-and copper funerary mask. We
were all astonished and knew then how important these tombs could be to unraveling the mystery of the Moche.
81. What is the tone of the writing ?
1. Dull 2. Advisory
3. Personal 4. Informative
82. What is the writer doing at the beginning of the text ?
1. Lifting a bowl up 2. Looking at a body 3. Laying a mask down 4. Learning over a valley 83. Why did the writer go to Peru ?
1. To dig up tombs.
2. To do business in art objects 3. To study the geographical area 4. To help people improve their lives 84. Who is most likely to be telling this story ?
1. A reporter 2. A Peruvian art lover
3. The leader of the excavation 4. The chief of the medical team 85. Who lay in the tombs mentioned in the text?
1. Rulers 2. Clergymen
3. Philosophers 4. Common people
86. The phrase ‘giant among his peers” (line 21) means ___________. 1. bigger than anyone else
2. bigger than the average 3. bigger than the researchers 4. bigger than modern Peruvians 87. What is missing in the Moche records ?
1. Art 2. History
88. How did the Moche identify who was in the tomb? 1. A miniature tomb
2. A burial chamber
3. A tall adult male figure
4. A small cooper statue placed outside
89. The word “unraveling” (line 25) means ___________.
1. hiding 2. solving
3. starting 4. changing
90. Why did the writer say that finding undisturbed Moche tombs is rare? 1. No one is interested in Moche tombs.
2. Most Moche tombs have been robbed. 3. Moche tombs have never been found before. 4. There aren’t many Moche tombs in this area.
WRITING Writing I:
The items in this section consist of sentences with four parts underlined. Select the part (1,2,3 or 4) which is incorrect.
91. Until about 10,000 years ago, before plants and animals were domesticating,
1 2
humans belonged to hunting-and-gathering societies. 3 4
92. A single hog farm can produce as much as 2.5 million animals per year, with a 1 2 solid-waste output exceeding that of many big cities.
3 4
93. Devoted to farming and cottage industries, the Amish live an incredible
1 2 3
industrious yet materially simple life. 4
94. Not only will Aztec, the 300-foot-long submarine be able to cruise 50 feet below 1 2 3
the Arctic’s ice-covered surface but it should travel almost 1,000 miles in just two 4
weeks.
95. Society, like the human body, is made up of parts, each of which serve to
1 2 3
maintain the functioning of the larger system. 4
96. Families not longer have the same traditions and values they had in the past. 1 2 3 4
97. Scientific studies have shown that unless material is reviewed, most of them 1 2
will be forgotten in a surprisingly short amount of time. 3 4
98. Painting helps physical handicapped children to overcome their disabilities by 1 2
training them to impose control upon themselves. 3 4
99. Cleaning products, for example, are often given lemon or pine scents because of 1 2 3
people link those scents with cleanliness. 4
100. In spite an enormous increase in agricultural production, many countries 1
around the globe are incapable of feeding their growing population. 2 3 4
101. If television had been invented a thousand years ago, will nations have been 1 2 3
significantly more homogeneous than they are now ? 4
102. Locusts have been enemies of man since he first learns to cultivate crops. 1 2 3 4
103. New automobiles are designed to run on low-octane fuel containing little or none 1 2 3 4
104. The loss of forested areas have greatly reduced the ability of watershed land to
retain water in the wet season and release it into streams in the dry season. 105. It is a fear that unregulated entry of illegal, or even legal immigrants 1 2 3
could take away jobs and business opportunities during an economic recession. 4
106. Although the survey shows that people want their homes to be nice and clean,
but they apparently do not want to spend too much time taking care of them. 107. No one on earth has ever imagined that they’ll be able to overcoming death and 1 2 3
live forever. 4
108. People are not always rational. For example, we often do not perceive things as 1 2
they actually are and they tend to make initial judgements based on limited 3 4
experience and information.
109. A major earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter scale struck near Los Angeles, 1
killing at least 55 people and caused $ 30 billion in damage. 2 3 4
110. As of December 1, the law requires every front seat passengers to wear seat belts. 1 2 3 4
111. “Greenpeace” is trying to protect our earth in that this small planet 1
is being ravaged and its limited resources are fast disappearing. 2 3 4
112. Polar areas on the earth have their own type of desert. Although water existing 1 2
in the form of ice, it is not available to support life. 3 4
113. In times of famine, everyone in the village doesn’t have neither money nor food. 1 2 3 4
114. Reservoirs were built by the Egyptians along the Nile to store water for 1 2
irrigation crops during the dry season. 3 4
115. Psychologists are now convincing that day-to-day problems, which frequently 1 2
seem unimportant, can affect the length of one’s life.
116. In 1637, the English colonists and other Indian tribes almost entirely wiped out 1
the Pequot Indian tribe, whom had been living in the southeastern corner of 2 3 4 Connecticut.
117. Across the globe, government are relying more on wind power and another 1 2 3
alternative energy sources, and less on oil and gas. 4
118. In 1928, Alexander Fleming, while conducting an unremarkable study on 1
bacteria, discovered inadvertently that mould growing on one of his cultures 2 3 was killed the bacteria.
4
119. It has been calculated that if the emission of greenhouse gases continues at the 1 2
present rate, the increase in temperature would have been enough to cause a rise in 3
sea level of between 24 and 30 cm by 2030. 4
120. Besides American cinema, over the last forty years or so, we have seen very 1 2 3
CU-TEP , Test B
READING PART I
Read the following passage and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks from the choices given. Then blacken the number of your choice on your answer sheet. There are 15 blanks (Nos. 31-45)
A survey by the Japan-China Investment Promotion Organization shows that 85% of export-oriented Japanese manufacturers in China are profitable. The picture is different, 31___________for the smaller number of local market-oriented manufacturers. More than 40% of them are in the red, a figure worse than that of their Western competitors. With China’s 32. ___________ into the World Trade Organization, the trend will turn toward a stronger local-market orientation. 33. ___________ these Japanese firms must tackle the issue of profitability.
Many see the problem as a result of Japanese firms’ high reliance on expatriates, who head 90% of all Japanese joint ventures in China. 34. _______
actually presents a double bind. Japanese firms find qualified local workers hard to attract and keep 35. the latter believe they are allowed only limited participation in decision-making. 36. also believe career opportunities are limited due to the 37. _______ on Japanese staff for top management posts. These firms are further hampered because a Japanese top layer is unable to 38. _______ communicate with lower-level local staff that are better tuned to local-market conditions. 39. ________, the absence of sound middle-management restricts information flow and prevents timely market decisions.
No one needs such problems; China is a 40. ______________ enough country to crack. True, its market holds great potential; its relatively 41. ___________ regional industrial centres allow multinational companies increasingly to integrate their Chinese production into their global 42. ___________ But amid these positive
trends are 43. ____________ Consequently, the combination of fluid uncertainty and a huge profit potential makes the Chinese business environment 44. _____________________ . It sets China 45. _______ not only from industrialized countries, but also from developing economies like Thailand.
31. 1. however 3. in general
2. moreover 4. on the whole
32. 1. entry 3. intake
2. access 4. income
33. 1. By far 3. There fore
2. At least 4. Nevertheless 34. 1. Who 3. This 2. What 4. Then 35. 1. during 3. unless 3. because 4. although 36. 1. locals 3. residents 2. citizens 4. inhabitants 37. 1. trail 3. breath 2. focus 4. practice 38. 1. presently 3. insufficiently 2. adequately 4. exceptionally 39. 1. Still 3. This 2. Thus 4. Then 40. 1. tough 3. traditional 2. worthy 4. independent 41. 1. terrified 3. qualified 2. enlarged 4. sophisticated
42. l. networks 3. gateways 2. broadcasts 4. workshops 43. 1. defaults 3. addictions 2. complexes 4. challenges 44. 1. smart 3. confident 2. unique 4. sympathetic 45. 1. apart 3. adjacent 2. nearby 4. parallel INSTRUCTIONS PART II – VI
Read the-passages -and choose the best answer for each question. Then blacken the number of your choice on your answer sheet. There are 45 items in PARTS II - VI (Nos. 46 - 90).
PART II
I share the disgust of right-thinking people across the world at the appalling crime of drug trafficking but I am sad to learn that four more offenders were executed by firing squad on April 18.
The death penalty is wrong in all cases. Worldwide studies show that it does not have a deterrent effect any stronger than that of other strict but humane punishments.
It denies the right to life affirmed in Article 3 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The United Nations Commission for Human Rights has called for the progressive limitation of the use of the 10 death penalty as the way towards more civilised punishments.
The death penalty brutalises everyone involved in its application. Your paper would do well to campaign against this out-of-date and barbaric practice.
Leslie Sturges Chester, England
46. The writer feels outraged about ____________ . 1. people involved in drug trafficking
2. the outcome of the worldwide studies 3. this inhumane crime deterrent practice 4. the number of people put to death on April 18 47. The word "deterrent" (line 5) means ____________ .
1. cruel 2. pleasant
3. desirable 4. discouraging
48. The writer's main purpose is to ____________. 1. dramatize the idea that killing is a sin 2. call for a ban on this inhumane penalty
3. remind other readers of what happened on April 18 4. promote another alternative to deal with serious crime 49. We learn from the text that ____________ .
1. other punishments might be just as effective as the death penalty 2. the writer doesn't believe that drug trafficking is a serious crime 3. people who are not involved in such an inhumane practice can also be psychologically affected
4. the UN Commission for Human Rights has not yet succeeded in finding more civilised punishments
50. The writer expresses his opinion in a(an) ____________ tone.
1. doubtful 2. persuasive
PART III
On a morning in the year 1353 B.C. a young pharaoh of Egypt rose before dawn to greet the sun with a poem he loved and perhaps had written-: “Beautifully you appear from-the horizon of heaven,” he prayed as sunlight .began to flood Egypt’s capital city of Thebes. To him the rays of the sun were the embodiment of an ancient god named Aten, whom he passionately revered. “Oh living Aten, who initiates life Oh sole god, without another beside him!”
This was no ordinary morning for the king-nor for ancient Egypt. Pharaoh Amenhotep III had died, and this teenage son now had the power to elevate Aten above all the other gods in Egypt's pantheon, even above the all powerful Amun, who for hundreds of years had ruled in Thebes as king of the gods.
Soon this enigmatic young man would change his name to Akhenaten, “he who is effective for Aten.” With his queen, Nefertiti, he would plunge Egypt into a religious revolution that shattered centuries of tradition. He would elevate Nefertiti to divine status, giving her more influence than perhaps any other queen had known. And he would abandon Thebes to build a huge new capital, today known as Amarna. Alchenaten, Nefertiti, and the boy pharaoh Tutankhamun-perhaps Akhenaten’s son born to a secondary wife-have been called the Pharaohs of the Sun. Their reign was brief. Akhenaten ruled just 17 years, and within a few years after his death in 1336 B.C., the old orthodoxy was restored. Akhenaten's enemies soon smashed his statues, dismantled his temples, and set out to expunge all memory of him and Nefertiti from Egypt’s historical record.
But the controversy the couple created lives on. Egyptologists still struggle to piece together the story of this renegade pair. Swept up in religious passion, they brought the vast and powerful Egyptian empire to the brink of collapse.
“You're never going to find two Egyptologists who agree on this period,” said Nicholas Reeves, a British Egyptologist.
51. The young pharaoh in the first paragraph was
1. Aten 2. Amun
3. Akhenaten 4. Amenhotep
52. How does the writer feel about Tutankhamun's origin?
1. Biased 2. Negative
3. Uncertain 4. Indifferent
53. How old was Akhenaten when he died?
1. 23-29 2. 30-36
3. 37-46 4. 47-53
54. The passage implies that Akhenaten and Nefertiti were amongst the rulers.
1. most hated 2. most beloved
3. least religious 4. least powerful
55. The phrase “the old orthodoxy” (lines 23-24) refers to ___________ .
1. worshipping the sun god 2. having statues in temples
3. having Aten as the only god 4. glorifying Amun as king of the gods 56. The word “dismantled” (line 27) means ___________ .
1. destroyed 2. renovated
3. abandoned 4. constructed
57. The following events marked the religious revolution during Akhenaten’s reign EXCEPT ___________ .
1. Amun was no longer worshipped 2. Aten became a religious tradition 3. Nefertiti was elevated as a goddess 4. Thebes was restored as the divine city.
58. The tone of the article to Akhenaten’s revolution is ___________ .
1. positive 2. praising
59. Which of the following statements is NOT true? 1. Nefertiti was not very powerful.
2. Nefertiti was Tutankhamun’s stepmother. 3. The young pharaoh was not born Akhenaten. 4. The name of Akhenaten's capital is not identified. 60. What do you expect to read about after the last paragraph?
1. The discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb 2. The fall of the powerful Egyptian empire
3. Archaeological sites in Egypt where Nicholas Reeves st0udied 4. Different views Egyptologists have towards Akhenaten’s reign PART IV
Depression, symptoms of which can range from insomnia, lack of concentration and fatigue to emotional paralysis and suicidal thoughts, has always been considered a disease of life’s middle or later years, but doctors are now reporting a surprising surge in cases among younger people.
Why is depression striking earlier and more often?
Dr. Robert Hirschfeld, chief of the mood, anxiety and personality disorder research branch at the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), points to the tremendous social changes of the past 20 years. These include the shifting roles of men and women, the flood of women into the work force, and the acceleration of geographic movement that separates people from the support of their families and friends.
But you also may be able to help yourself. Here, from leading 15 authorities, are five approaches:
1. Do something constructive. Write down a daily plan of action from wake up to lights out. List everything, including showers and meals, because if you're really depressed, even little tasks can seem large. Break complicated activities into small, discrete steps; they'll seem more manageable.
2. Lend a hand. Volunteer work, community service or such neighbourly gestures as shopping for the elderly can have a therapeutic effect.
3. Schedule joy. Focus on social interactions, especially get togethers with friends, projects that make you feel competent, such as mastering a new skill, and pleasurable events, including dinner out or a movie.
4. Exercise regularly. Scientists think that aerobic exercise activities like walking, jogging, swimming and bicycling may boost your self-confidence, improve your sense of well-being, and heighten your energy. And, by helping you relax, they can reduce the tension and anxiety that contribute to depression.
5. Brighten your day. A light-sensitive depression in which mood slumps coincides with dark winter months. You can introduce more light in your home yourself by creating a brighter indoor environment. By choosing a daytime activity, such as walking or jogging, you can get natural light.
Before embarking on self-therapy for what you suspect is mild depression, get a physical exam to make sure your health is good.
Then set a two-week target. If you don’t feel better by then, or if you feel worse or have suicidal thoughts at any time, talk to your doctor.
61. According to the text, it was generally believed in the past that __________. 1. anyone could suffer from depression
2. only young people suffered from depression 3. middie-aged and old, people suffered depression
4. men tended to suffer serious depression more than women 62. Which of the following is NOT a cause of depression?
1. Children being more independent 2. Men and women changing their roles
3. Women tending to take jobs outside the home 4. People being deprived of help from their families
63. To help you cope with depression, making a list of what to do __________ . 1. will make it easier for you to manage
2. can occupy you with something for a while
3. will enable you to see more meaning in what you do 4. can ensure you that you will not forget even one point 64. If you are depressed, you should NOT __________ .
1. keep to a schedule 2. try to solve problems
3. stay alone and keep to yourself
4. socialize with friends and acquaintances
65. Exercising every day can help depressed people __________ .
1. have a good figure 2. cut down stress and worry 3. forget about their problems 4. spend some free time profitably 66. The word "surge" (line 4) means __________ .
1. decline 2. change
3. increase 4. uncertainty
67. The phrase "lend a hand" (line 21) means __________ .
l. help 2. demand
3. sacrifice 4. ask for help
68. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ . 1. doing something constructive can be helpful
2. a self-therapy approach also works well with extreme depression 3. a depressed person sensitive to light should not spend time outdoors 4. looking after a lonely patient is recommended for a depressed person 69. It is believed that depression can be made worse by __________ .
1. bad food 2. bad weather
70. Before setting a two-week target on self-therapy, depressed people should ______. 1. plan it in detail
2. consult their doctors
3. be ready to face disappointment
4. be sure that they are physically healthy PART V
Over the last 20 years I have watched various governments and presidents ignore the warnings of the scientists. The massive amounts of vehicular and industrial pollution in the United States now equal 25 percent of the world's pollution and have damaged forests, caused lakes to turn acid, killing all life in them, and increased health problems. Why would the United States allow this to happen? The answer of course is money and power. The cost of reducing and ridding the country of this curse would be hundreds of billions of dollars to the government and business community. The facts are plain: businessmen don’t want strict pollution laws passed, businessmen give money to politicians to get re-elected, politicians want the money to keep coming so they can keep their power, and so no pollution control laws are passed.
The U.S. government and business have known for a long time that this problem would have to be addressed, and now is the time. A law requiring the reduction of vehicle pollution should be passed requiring that all vehicles manufactured after the year 2000 emit no more than 5 percent pollution gases.
Of course, the car industry and oil companies would stop those laws from being passed. The same follows for industrial pollution laws, with a 20 5 percent reduction each year starting in the year 2000 until a level of 5 percent pollution, is reached.
The government would have to provide tax write-offs and probably financial assistance to achieve these goals. The U.S. Government should encourage other countries to follow.
This is the right thing to do for a government that wants to be a world leader. You have to pay a price for that title. As for the rest of the world, there is hardly a country with a coastal area that will not lose land if the polar ice continues to melt and raises the ocean levels, and Thailand is definitely on that list.
Harry C. Howerton 71. According to the writer, pollution from industrial and vehicular sources ________.
1. is a long-standing problem 2. has been reduced to 25 percent 3. is mainly due to badly designed cars
4. has been a main source of environmental pollution 72. The word “them” (line 5) refers to ________.
1. lakes 2. forests
3. the United States 4. vehicles and industries 73. The reason for the continued existence of pollution is that ________.
1. scientists have yet to find a solution to the problem
2. anti-pollution laws have been ignored and are not strict enough 3. the technology does not exist to significantly reduce emissions
4. elimination runs contrary to powerful commercial and political interests 74. The phrase “this curse” (line 9) refers to ________.
1. wealth 2. pollution
3. technology 4. money and power
75. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
1. There are technological obstacles to reducing industrial emissions. 2. The U.S. acts as a role model for countries with pollution problems. 3. Laws should be passed to immediately reduce pollution to 5 percent.
76. As a world leader, the U.S. Government should do all of the following EXCEP ________.
1. fund the project 2. offer tax incentives
3. seek the co-operation of other nations 4. request financial assistance from others 77. The writer believes that in the future, ________.
1. Thailand has nothing to fear from rising ocean levels
2. mean temperatures throughout the United States will not rise
3. global warming will cause flooding in coastal cities around the world 4. the U.S. will have to subsidize anti-pollution measures in other countries 78. The word “Addressed” (line 15) is closest in meaning to ________.
1. ignored 2. talked to
3. dealt with 4. written about
79. The word “write-offs” line 23) means ________.
1. laws 2. rebates
3. increases 4. cancellation
80. The writer says that Thailand ________. 1. causes problems to other countries 2. isn't concerned about pollution problems 3. should cooperate in solving pollution problems
PART VI
Off San Juan Island in Washington's Puget Sound, a fine mist brushes the little--boat-and just- as suddenly vanishes. The vapour looks like a loose wisp of rainbow and smells like overcooked broccoli. The skiff bounces on over Salmon Bank, where cold, nutrient-rich water wells up from the deep and forges a thick food chain. We head for a silver commotion of adolescent herring to starboard.
Salmon, dogfish sharks, or both might have forced this school of juveniles to the surface. The fish quickly drew sharp-eyed diving birds-rhinoceros auklets, guillemots, and cormorants-which force the herring into a churning ball. A harbour seal, rolling in the middle with its mouth open, suddenly scoots off to one side. The birds take flight. The next instant, a whale explodes upward through the ball, then sinks out of sight, leaving a ring of ripples with fish scales glinting in the centre and, once again, the aroma of broccoli steamed beyond its time.
“That,” says Jonathan Stern, a Florida State University marine biologist, trying to steer while scribbling notes in the rain, “is minke whale breath.”
Also known as little piked whales and pikeheads, minkes are the smallest members of a family of baleen whales called rorquals. The group includes 120-ton blue whales and other titans such as humpbacks, seis, and fins. Minkes, 22 to 33 feet long with a weight of just 5 to 10 tons, seem downright svelte by comparison. Nevertheless, a 19th-century German sea captain named Meincke once confused a pikehead with a blue. As a joke, the whalers took to calling the littlest rorquals Meincke whales.
81. What makes fish stay around Puget Sound ?
1. Quality of water 2. Abundance of food
3. Humidity of climate 4. Nature of environment 82. The word “juveniles” (line 8) means __________.
1. young fish 2. captured fish
3. fish on the move 4. fish form other waters 83. Which of the following is a fish name?
1. Herring 2. Auklets
3. Guillemots 4. Cormorants
84. What is Jonathan Stern looking for?
1. Fish 2. Whales
3. Other evidence 4. Tidal formations
85. The breath of the minke whale reminds Jonathan of ________. 1. the size of the fish
2. a certain kind of food 3. the smell of a harbour seal
4. the temperature of the misty morning 86. The word “That” (line 17) refers to ________.
1. The aroma of overcooked broccoli
2. The herring forced to move very nervously
3. A ring of ripples with fish scales shining in the centre 4. A harbour seal rolling in the middle with its mouth open 87. Which of the following is the biggest in size?
1. Minke 2. Rorqual
88. The word “svelte” (line 24) means ________.
1. slim 2. hugh
3. heavy 4. smelly
89. Where is Jonathan Stern at the time of relating this story? 1. In a small boat
2. On San Juan Island
3. At Florida State University
4. On a plane flying over Puget Sound 90. Which word best describes the weather?
I . Hot 2. Wet
3. Cloudy 4. Freezing
Writing 1 :
Each item in this part consists of -a sentence with four parts underlined. Select the part (1,2,3 or 4) which is incorrect.
91. Starting next year, Japan will require that all electronic goods is recycled.
1 2
The devices will be sent to the original manufacturer for proper disposal. 3 4
92. Sunscreens work by coating the skin with a barrier that either absorbing sunlight 1 2 3
and converts it to heat or reflects it away from the skin. 4
93. Because their size and cost, the only people who used early computers worked for 1 2 3 4
the Defense Department or the Census Bureau.
94. Despite it is the world's major exporter of agricultural products, Brazil is a 1 2 3
country plagued by chronic and widespread poverty. 4
95. During the Cultural Revolution, many artifacts from China long history and other 1 2 objects that suggested the accumulation of worldly possessions were destroyed. 3 4
96. Up to 95 percent of the coral reefs in the Philippines has been damaged by 1 2
cyanide which fishermen dump in the water to scare fish to the surface. 3 4
97. The Foundation has been developed a way of producing shelters for refugees 1
which are vastly superior to tents and much cheaper. 2 3 4
98. The only effective way to protect endangered species like the Bengal tiger is to 1 2
shutting down the markets for their by-products. 3 4
99. Each culture has its own ideas not only about what it is important in the world 1 2 3
but also about how people should act. 4
100. Under a law that will become effective next month, those of whom traffic in 1 2
rugs may face a life sentence in prison. 3 4
101. Some scientists have suggested that the depletion of the ozone layer, which 1
locks much amount of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, is contributing to the rise in 2 3
skin cancer.
102. Growing vegetables and fruit three times a year, the hilltribe people now 1 2
earn money in one season more than they could possibly earn in one year 3 4
103. Temporary sleep disturbances during times of personal crisis are normal. 1 2
On the other hand, chronic insomnia may be a sign of seriously physical or mental illness. 3 4
104. The latest survey conducted six years ago indicated that an estimate 1 2 3
2,000 wild elephants have survived in the shrinking wilderness in wildlife 4
sanctuaries and 16 national parks.
105. Some physicians oppose mercy killing on the grounds that it is contrast to the Oath of Hippocrates that all doctors must take.
3 4
106. The luxurious hotels along the coast are not longer opened in winter 1 2
since there is very little business at that time. 3 4
107. The astronauts launched a giant communications satellite, performed 1
a variety of experiments and checking all the systems of the redesigned 2 3 4 108. It is language which makes man human. Not other animals have a code 1 2
that enables them to talk about things in the world. 3 4
109. Concerning with a population boom, the Chinese government has introduced 1 2
a series of family planning programs, including the one-child-per-family policy. 3 4
110. Neither the right to vote or equal opportunities in getting a job have been easy 1 2 3 4
accomplishments for women.
111. Normally, elephants are placid and timid animals, but when aroused they 1 2 3
could have been extremely dangerous. 4
112. The danger associated with nuclear power stations are the accidental release 1 2 3 4
of radioactivity.
113. Evidence is strong that UV intensity is not the principal factor in determining 1 2 3
the skin cancer dead rate. 4
114. Heavily rainfall and high temperatures throughout the year are necessary 1 2 3
to support the luxuriant growth of tropical rain forests. 4
115. Advertisers use propaganda techniques to convince you to buy a product, 1
or at least to make the product so well known as you will buy it without thinking. 2 3 4
116. One of the strongest arguments against globalization is that developed countries 1 2
already have a greater share of resources, and globalization will only enforce theirs 3 4 wealth and power.
117. Although parents and schools having the most direct influence on children, 1
I businesses nonetheless exert a strong, and often negative, influence on juveniles 2
by way of their advertisements and of the goods they choose to produce. 3 4
118. A person in the United States who breaks the law maybe required to do community 1 2
service, send to jail, and in some states, put to death, depending on the crime. 3 4
119. More and more workers today are positively uninteresting in long-term job security; 1 2
instead, they are joining firms for the sole purpose of accomplishing short-term 3
professional goals, then leaving to face the next 4 challenge. 4
120. If drastic measures are not taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions over the next 1
couple of decades, it is likely that many Arctic species and the indigenous peoples 2
which rely on them would not have survived the 21St century. 3 4
CU-TEP , Test C READING PART I
Read the following passage and choose the best answer to fill the blanks from the choices given. Then blacken the number of your choice on your answer sheet. There are 15 blanks (Nos. 31-45)
There is an international movement afoot to develop a set of guidelines to help companies decide what kinds of economic, environmental and social information to measure and report to the public. The Global Reporting Initiative, or GRI, 31. __________ the Coalition for Economically Responsible Economies and the United Nations Environment Programme. 32. ___________ more than 1,000 companies now disclose such information, their usefulness for 33. _____________ purposes is limited 34. ____________ each reports dissimilar types of information in various formats, 35. ____________ different measurement 36. ____________. Now firms 37. _____________using the GRI guidelines as a framework 38. __________ their reports. Some of these companies-in Asia, 39. ___________ include Excel Industries of India and NEC and Kirin Brewing from Japan-collected and reported corporate-wide performance 40. ___________ for the first time this year. Other companies in the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand 41. ___________to experiment with the guidelines, provide suggestions and participate in the dialogue to further develop the guidelines.
As with any standard-setting body, it is 42. __________that the discussion and guideline-development process include a diversity of voices. Corporate, non governmental and public 43. ________ from developing and transitional economies must be more 44. ____________ about becoming-and staying-involved in
these 45. ___________. Indeed, the “standardization” of reporting guidelines
representatives from Asia.
31. 1. is sponsored by 3. is protected from 2. is defended against 4. is redundant with
32. 1. Besides 3. Similarly 2. However 4. Although 33. 1. compared 3. comparing 2. compare 4. comparative 34. l. as 2. or 3. just 4. even 35. 1. during 3. unless 2. because 4. although 36. 1. locals 3. residents 2. citizens 4. inhabitants 37. 1. trial 3. breath 2. focus 4. practice 38. l. presently 3. insufficiently 2. adequately 4. exceptionally 39. l. Still _ 3. Then 2. Thus 4. Finally 40. l. tough 3. traditional 2. worthy 4. independent 41. 1. terrified 3. qualified 2. enlarged 4. sophisticated 42. 1. networks 3. gateways 2. broadcasts 4. workshops 43. 1. defaults 3. addictions 2. complexes 4. challenges
44. l. smart 3. confident 2. unique 4. sympathetic 45. 1. apart 3. adjacent 2. nearby 4. parallel INSTRUCTIONS PART II
Read the passages and choose the best answer for each question. Then blacken the number of your choice on your answer sheet. There are 45 items in PARTS II – VI (Nos. 46-90).
PART II
Dear Editor,
I was surprised to read your description of Thai society as “heterogeneous” and “tolerant of other races” (Femme, January 20). This in a country where its own citizens are treated as second class (hill tribes; Isaan people), and outsiders are tolerated only because they have most of Thailand's wealth (ethnic Chinese) or are perceived to be wealthy (Westerners).
Your definition of heterogeneous obviously doesn't include farangs. If I walked down the street in my home country, pointing at people and saying “black man”, ”Asian”, “Polynesian”, and the like, chances are I'd be in hospital before I got to the corner. Thais can only get away with this insulting behaviour because they have such a homogeneous, insular society.
This is demonstrated by the laws regarding marriage to a foreigner. I have two uncles who have married foreigners, who have had no trouble emigrating and seeking employment. Contrast this to a colleague of mine who has been married to a Thai for a number of years, and still has to go .through the indignity of yearly trips to the
Immigration Department and Labour Ministry offices to renew visas and work permits. This is just the tip of the iceberg.
I have recently come to the conclusion that no matter how long I live here, or how well I speak Thai, I (and other longer term residents) will always be treated as an outsider or a wallet on legs.
Kevin Watkin Kamphaeng Phet
46. The main purpose of the writer is to.
1. criticize the way the Thai society discriminates against its own people 2. point out the difficulties a foreigner may confront when marrying a Thai 3. express disapproval and give his point of view regarding the nature of Thai society
4. explain to the editor the difference between the terms “heterogeneous” and “homogeneous”
47. “This” (line 14) refers to
1. the true nature of Thai society 2. renewal of visas and work permits 3. how well Thais tolerate other races 4. a definition of a heterogeneous society
48. “This is just the tip of the iceberg.” (lines 19-20) means 1. not only that; there is worse to come
2. the Immigration officers are unhelpful 3. the immigration procedures are very complex
4. one has to be firm and knows one's limitations if one marries a Thai 49. The writer's phrase "a wallet on legs" shows that he is
l. now carrying a lot of cash in his wallet 2. a millionaire boasting about his wealth 3. very fortunate to have been born a westerner
50. We can infer from the letter that the writer
1. is a lawyer 2. is a well-to-do man
3. married a Thai woman 4. feels discriminated against PART III
A few years ago, in my hometown of Trondheim, Norway, a five-year-old girl called Silje was beaten up by three boys of her own age' knocked unconscious and left to freeze to death in the snow. People were shocked. Teachers and childcare officers were not alone in wanting to know where the adults had been when this happened. The children, it transpired, had been playing outdoors unsupervised.
Silje’s death could easily have prompted a change of heart, but it didn’t. Norwegians decided that the occasional rare accident or tragedy is a price worth paying for allowing children to experience the riches of a world roamed freely.
In Britain, unfortunately, parents have taken the opposite view. In recent years, they have become not so much wary about letting their children go unsupervised as plain terrified. A survey carried out for the Children's Society and the Children's Play Council, British's charities that promote play, found that almost 80 per cent of parents say the main reason they stop their children from playing outside is fear of strangers. Nevertheless, the chance of a child being killed by a stranger is no greater now than it was in the 1950s: less than 1 in a million.
Even in school playgrounds, the unsupervised interactions of children with their peers are being limited. Partly because of fears about bullying and security, there is an increasing anxiety about school break times.
Clearly, we need to ask some serious questions about what this relentless supervision is doing to kids. Unsupervised play isn't just a childhood luxury we can do without; _________. Study after study has shown that it helps to develop children's ability to negotiate social rules and to create their own. In short, taking risks in childhood goes hand in hand with developing new skills; nothing ventured,
nothing gained. It takes a brave parent to grant children freedom to play unsupervised. But unless we do, we may stunt the social development of a generation. And that's not a risk worth taking.
51. According to the passage, after Silje’s death, Norwegian parents _________. 1. took their children to play in the playground
2. let their children play at their friends’ houses 3. stopped their children from playing outside alone 4. allowed their children to play outdoors as they used to
52. In the writer's view, British parents can be best described as ____________
1. carefree 2. indecisive
3. responsible 4. overprotective
53. A good title for this passage would be ___________ .
1. Child Dangers 2. A Right to Play
3. A Child's Experience 4. The Right Way to Raise a Child 54. The main purpose of the writer is to ____________.
1. support children's outdoor play 2. report the news on child brutality
3. compare ways to raise children in two countries
4. blame parents for letting their children play outside alone 55. Which of the following statements is true ?
1. More kids are victims of strangers nowadays than in the past. 2. British parents are better at raising kids than Norwegian parents. 3. Playing unsupervised, kids are likely to learn how to exist in society.
4. Due to a high chance of tragic incidents, children should not play outdoors alone. 56. The psychological factor that mainly contributes to parents' reaction to kids’ play
Is __________ .
57. The word “wary” (line 12) means __________.
1. angry 2. happy 3. doubtful 4. concerned 58. The word “that” (line 32) refers to ____________ .
1. parents monitoring children
2. allowing children to play unsupervised 3. allowing children to become independent
4. preventing children from developing social skills
59. Which of the following could complete the blank in line 26?
1. it is risky 2. it is vital
3. it is safe and secure 4. it is a waste of money 60. The last paragraph mainly discusses _____________.
1. the effects of supervision on kids 2. the steps brave parents should take 3. the advantages of playing outdoors 4. the skills that help develop kids' growth PART IV
Most newborn babies sleep 17 to 18 hours per day. By age 10, this has dropped to 9 to 10 hours, and it continues declining during adolescerice: Two-thirds of adults sleep seven to eight hours per night, while one-fifth of adults sleep less than six hours and one-tenth sleep more than nine. During old age, sleep diminishes to an average of 6.5 hours a .night. For the average adult, then, seven or eight hours a night is “normal.” But is it necessary?
Some good sleepers worry that they regularly fall short of the Big Eight. They needn't. Psychologist Wilse Webb, at the University of Florida, psychiatrist Ernest Hartmann at Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston, and others have found that those who naturally sleep less than six hours a night are happier, better adjusted, and more active than longer sleepers. Such people, says the University of Arizona's
Larry Beutler, may "have their whole nervous system wired quite efficiently. They may have more energy, make more social contacts, and establish better social-support systems than more sluggish people.”
Some people fear insomnia and its presumed effects so strongly that the fears aggravate their sleeplessness. But what's the real effect of a few lost hours? Several sleep-restriction studies have shown that one rotten night (with as little as two hours of sleep) doesn't really affect people's performance the next day, although they may feel more irritable, hostile, fatigued or unhappy. William Dement and Mary Carskadon (Stanford) found in another study that when young adults get only five hours of sleep a night for a week, some become “pathologically sleepy” by the week's end. But the cumulative effects disappear after one good night’s sleep.
Sleep deprivation can have devastating effects if it is total. Psychologist Allan Rechtschaffen of the University of Chicago produced profound, lethal, metabolic changes in rats totally deprived of sleep from less than a week to more than a month. But true sleep deprivation is very hard to arrange, since animals and humans sneak in “micro-sleeps.” Long-suffering chronic insomniacs may say they “never catch a wink of sleep,” but they're rarely totally sleep deprived, and usually get at least a few hours a night.
61. According to the passage, how much sleep is enough for an average adult? 1. 7-8 hours
2. Less than 6 hours 3. More than 9 hours.
62. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
1. Despite sleeplessness, people can lead a happy social life. 2. Good sleepers are overconcerned about their lack of sleep. 3. It is not necessary for all people to sleep eight hours a night. 4. Longer sleepers are more active than people who sleep less. 63. The phrase “the Big Eight” (lines 8-9) refers to .
1. the longest period of hours an adult should sleep per night 2. the longest period of days an adult can suffer sleep deprivation 3. the number of hours that a healthy person should spend sleeping 4. the number of studies done by sleep-restriction experts in this field 64. The phrase "such people" (line 13) refers to people who ____________ .
1. are good sleepers 2. are longer sleepers 3. lack six hours of sleep 4. sleep less than six hours 65. The word "aggravate" (line 19) means ____________ .
1. lessen 2. worsen
3. improve 4. eliminate
66. According to the study at Stanford, the undesirable effects of sleeplessness 1. continue for many days
2. need psychiatric treatment 3. are normal among young adults 4. disappear after one night of sleep
67. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________. 1. only rats are totally deprived of sleep
2. sleeplessness is harmful if it lasts more than a month 3. “micro-sleeps” are likely to be short quality sleeps
68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
1. Working adults generally need fewer sleeping hours than people of older age. 2. Being sleepless for a night does not seriously affect people's activities the next day.
3. The fear of insomnia may cause people to feel irritable, hostile, fatigued or unhappy.
4. Because people don't pay attention to sleeplessness, they suffer from insomnia more and more.
69. The studies mentioned in the passage seem to have __________views towards sleeplessness and its consequences.
1. similar 2. certain
3. negative 4. opposing
70. The tone of this passage is __________.
1. persuasive 2. pessimistic
3. informative 4. argumentative
PART V
For some reason unbeknown to me, the subject of gun control has never been seriously debated in Thailand. Every time there is a surge in bank robberies or contract kill-ings, the proliferation of firearms is rarely where the blame is laid. Most people assume that the law is already sufficient despite the fact that it imposes such light penalties on illegal gun possession.
As a result, virtually everyone from the average drug dealer to the professional gunman has relatively easy access to a gun. The existence of hired gunmen has long been acknowledged by the authorities. And yet there has been only a feeble attempt to suppress their number. Maybe most of us believe that the victims are of questionable background themselves.
should wake us up to the reality that some victims are law-abiding people who are unfortunate enough to cause sufficient displeasure to certain influential persons. At the moment, the way the authorities deal with hired gunmen is to put those under suspicion on a watch-list and prosecute them after they kill someone. We should start questioning whether it is more effective to reduce the number of contract killings and other forms of gun violence by deterring a gunman than by pressing charges against him after he has committed a crime.
Whereas a ban on the possession of guns by civilians is probably unwise because it will leave homeowners vulnerable to armed robbery, there is nothing wrong with revising the law to forbid people from carrying guns outside the home. Heavy penalties should also be imposed on those who violate the law. Judging from the effectiveness of Malaysian and Singaporean law, which impose very severe penalties in suppressing gun violence, we can see that Thai law must impose much heavier penalties in order to be an effective deterrent.
Somchart Chantasiriwan 71. The reason why firearms are easily accessible is that
1. the authorities are not interested in the issue
2. people do not take the subject of gun control seriously
3. there are too many licensed gun dealers and too many gunmen
4. the existing law imposes light penalties on the illegal possession of a gun 72. The phrase “their number’ in paragraph 2, (line 10) refers to the number of __________.
l. guns 2. authorities
