Architectures, and. Service-Oriented. Cloud Computing. Web Services, The Savvy Manager's Guide. Second Edition. Douglas K. Barry. with.

Services,

Service-Oriented

Architectures,

and

Cloud

_Computing

The

_{Savvy Manager's}

Guide

Second Edition

Douglas

K.

_Barry

with

David Dick

M<

ELSEVIER

AMSTERDAM•BOSTON•HEIDELBERG•LONDON

NEW YORK•_{OXFORD PARIS}•SAN DIEGO

SANFRANCISCO•SINGAPORE•SYDNEY•_TOKYO

Contents

Introduction xv

Parti

Overview of Web_{Services, Service-Oriented Architecture,}

andCloud

_Computing

1

1 A Business

_Trip

in theNot-Too-Distant Future 3

TheBusiness

_Trip

3

Summary

8

2 Information

_Technology

Used for the Business

_Trip

9

Keeping

Track of Detailed Customer Data 10

Using

VirtualPersonal Assistants 10

Managing

C. R.'s Business

_Trip

12

Augmenting

C. R.'s

_Experiences

12

Commoditizing

Services 12

Viewing

AllServicesthe Same

_Way

13

Summary

13

3 Web Services and Service-Oriented Architectures 15

Service-Oriented Architecture Overview 17

Services 17

Connections 18

The Architecture inSOA 18 Web Services

_Explained

19

History

of Web Services

_{Specification}

19

Web Services

_{Specifications}

22

The

_Opportunity

and

_Importance

of

StandardizedSemanticVocabularies 29

Service-OrientedArchitecture

_Explained

29

Relationship

of Web Services and SOA 30

Identificationand

_Design

of Services 30

Service-Oriented Architecture 31

4 Cloud

_Computing

35

Blurring

of Internal and External Services 37

Organizations

of

_Any

Size Can Use aService-Oriented

Architecture withCloud

_Computing

38

The Cloud 39

Types

of Clouds 41

Categories

ofCloud Providers 42

Summary

44

Part II

Technical Forces

_Driving

the

_Adoption

of WebServices,

Service-Oriented Architectures,and Cloud

_Computing

45

5 Technical Forces

_Driving

the

_Adoption

of

Web Services 47

Force Field

_Analysis

Overview 48

Adopting

Standard Data Element Definitions 50

Adopting

aStandard Communications Protocol 51

Adopting

Web Services 52

Summary

54

6 Technical Forces

_Driving

the

Adoption

ofSOA 55

Adopting

Standard,

Enterprise-Wide

Software 56

Adopting

an

Object Request

Broker 57

Adopting

an

Enterprise

Data Warehouse 59

Adopting

an

Enterprise

ServiceBus 62

Message

Routers 62

Adapters

63

Adopting

aService-Oriented Architecture 67

Summary

70

7 Technical Forces

_Driving

the

_Adoption

of

Cloud

_Computing

71

Adopting

Software as a Service(SaaS) 72

Adopting

Platformas a Service

(PaaS)

74

Adopting

Service-OrientedArchitecture with

Cloud

_Computing

76

Contents vii

Part III

Managing Change

Needed for WebServices,

Service-OrientedArchitectures, and Cloud

_Computing

81

8

_Change

Issues 83

Change

85

Technical

_Change

Issues

_Diminishing

85 Resistanceto

_Change

85 Forms of Resistance 88

Lack of

_{Training/Understanding}

89

Power of Internal

_"Expert"

89

Inertia—Why

Change?

90

Feeling

that Jobs

_May

Be Threatened 90

Not Invented Here 91

Our ProblemsAre

_Special

91 Loss of

_{Familiarity, Competence,}

and Control 91

Suggestions

for

_Addressing

Resistance to

_Change

92

Selecting

the

_Right

_People

92

Usea Second Set of

Eyes

93

Really

Listen 93

Communicateat

_Many

Levels 94

Seek

_Appropriate

Avenues toInvolve

_People

94

Get Resistance Out in the

_Open

94

Ask for

_{Participation}

and Form

_Partnerships

95 Some Resistance Scenarios 95 But It's So

_Complicated!

95

Guerilla Tactics 98

More Guerilla Tactics 100

The

_Elephant

in the Room 101

Worksheet for Resistance Issues and

_Suggestions

102

Consolidated

Analysis

for

_Adopting

an SOAwithCloud

Computing

102

Summary

105

9

_Tips

for

_{Managing Change}

Issues

_During

_Development

107

Design

asLittleasPossible 108

Buy

a

System

orUse OneorMore

Existing

Services 108

Buy

a Model or

Adopt

aSemantic

Vocabulary

108

Write as Little Code as Possible 109

Reduce

_{Project Scope}

110

Use aSecond Set of

Eyes

111

Use SmallTeams 111

Summary

112

10

_{Managing Change}

with Incremental SOA

_Analysis

113

Tools 114

Force Field

_Analysis

114

Worksheet forResistance Issues and

_Suggestions

114

Decomposition

Matrix 115

Five

_Principles

for the Incremental SOA

_Analysis

121

Incremental SOA

_Analysis

122 Business Process

_Analysis

Lane 123 Candidate

_{Project Analysis}

Lane 124

Deployment

Selection Lane 125

Selecta

Project

with the Best Chance of Success 125

Deployment

Lane 125

Vocabulary Management

Lane 126

Summary

127

Part IV

Getting

Started with Web Services, Service-OrientedArchitectures,

and Cloud

_Computing

129

11

_Getting

Started with Web Services 131 All Web Services Connections Look the Same 132

The

_Impact

of Web Services 132

Use of Web Services will

_{Likely Spur}

Innovation 133

Start

_{by Experimenting}

with Web Services 133

Use an ExternalService 133

Develop

anInternal Service 134

Exchange

Data Between

_{Existing Systems}

135

UseanESB 136

Staffing

Issues 137

Likely Change

Issues 137

Adapt Existing Systems

toUse Web Services 138

Enterprise

Database Warehouse 138

Connect

_Components

toWeb Services 140 Additional

_Systems

141

Staffing

Issues 142

Contents

ix

Vision of the Future 142

Summary

143

12

_Getting

Startedwith Service-OrientedArchitectures 145

Establisha Service-Oriented Architecture 146

Design

Considerations 146

Staffing

Issues 148

Likely Change

Issues 149

What If

_Things

Are Not

_Going

as Planned? 150

The Data Warehouse Was

_Growing

Much Fasterthan

_Expected

150

The

_Response

Time of the ServicesProvided

_by

an Internal

System

Was

_Inadequate

151

Putting

It All

_Together

157

Services and Service-Oriented Architectures 157

SOA Governance 161

Summary

162

13

_Getting

Started with Cloud

_Computing

163

Expand

your Internal SOA toInclude External Services 164

Staffing

Issues 164

Likely Change

Issues 164

Governance Considerations 165

Legal

Issues 165

BusinessIssues 165

Technical Issues 165

Data CenterConsiderations 166

Availability

Issues 166

Disaster

_Recovery

Issues 167

Examples

ofTechnical IssuesRelated to

_Availability

167

Failover

_Options

for

_Messaging

and Databases 167 Database

_{Availability Options}

168

Replication Options

for

_Messaging

and Databases 169

Cloud Brokers 170

Should You Be Your Own Cloud Provider? 170

Summary

170

14

_Revisiting

the Business

_Trip

in the Not-Too-Distant

Future 171

Services forC. R.'sBusiness

_Trip

171

The Future for C. R.'s

_Organization

174

PartV

Reference Guide 177

15 SemanticVocabularies 179

Common SemanticVocabularies 180

Address XML 181

Computing

Environment XML 181

Content

_Syndication

XML 182

Customer InformationXML 182

Electronic Data

_{Interchange (EDI)}

XML 183

Geospatial

XML 183

Human XML ₁₈₄

Localization XML 184

Math XML 184

Open Applications

Group Integration Specification (OAGIS)

185

Open

Office XML ] 85

Topic Maps

XML 185

Trade XML 185

Translation XML 186

Universal Business

_Language

(UBL) 186

Universal Data Element Framework (UDEF) 186

Specific

SemanticVocabularies 186

Accounting

XML 187

Advertising

XML 187

Astronomy

XML 187

Building

XML ₁₈₇

Chemistry

XML 188 Construction XML 188 Education XML ₁₈₈ Finance XML 188 Food XML 189 GovernmentXML 189 Healthcare XML 190 Human _{Resources (HR)}XML 190 Instruments XML 190 Insurance XML ₁₉₁

Legal

XML 191

Manufacturing

XML 192 News XML 192

Oil and Gas XML ₁₉₃

Contents xi

Physics

XML ₁₉₃

Publishing

XML ₁₉₃ Real Estate XML 194 Telecommunications XML 194 TravelXML 194 16

_Terminology

195

Adapters

198

Agents

198

Analytics

198

Application Programming

Interface (API) 198

Application

Server 198

Atomic Service 199

Big

Data ₁₉₉

Business

_Intelligence

(Bl) 199

Business Process Execution

_Language

(BPEL) 199 Business Process

_Modeling

Notation (BPMN) 200

Business Process

_{Query Language (BPQL)}

200

Business Process

_{Specification}

Schema (BPSS) 200

Caching

200

Cloud 200

Collaboration Protocol

_{Profile/Agreement}

(CPP/A) 201

Community

Cloud 201

Composite

Service 201 CORBA 201 Data

_Cleansing

201 Data Warehouse 202 DCOM ₂₀₂ ebXML

_Registry

202

Electronic Data

_{Interchange (EDI)}

202

Enterprise

Service Bus

_(ESB)

₂₀₃

extensible Access Control

_{Markup Language (XACML)}

203 extensible

_{Rights Markup Language}

_(XrML) 203 extensible

_{Stylesheets Language}

(XSL) 203

Extract,

Transform,and Load(ETL) 203

Failover 204

HTTP 204

Hybrid

Cloud 204

Infrastructureas aService

(laaS)

204

Internet Inter-ORBProtocol (HOP) 204

J SON 205 Load

_Leveling

205

Loosely Coupled

205

Mapping

205

Mashups

205

Message

Router 205

Meta-Object Facility (MOF)

206

Middleware 206

Model Driven Architecture (MDA) 206

.NET 206

NoSQL Database Management

System

206

Object Request

Broker(ORB) 207

OMG Interface Definition

_{Language (IDL)}

207 PartnerInterfaceProcess

_(PIP)

207

Platformas aService(PaaS) 207

Public Cloud 207

Registry

208

REgular LAnguage Description

for XML

_(RELAX)

208

RELAX NG 208

Replication

208

Representational

State Transfer

_(REST)

208

Resource

_Description

Framework

(RDF)

209

RosettaNet

_{Implementation}

Framework

_(RNIF)

209

Schematron 209

Security

Assertion

_{Markup Language}

(SAML) 209

Service 209

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) 209

Service

_{Provisioning Markup Language (SPML)}

210

SOAP 210

Softwareas aService (SaaS) 210

Tree

_Regular

_Expressions

for XML

_(TREX)

210

Unified

_{Modeling Language}

(UML) 211 Uniform Resource Identifier(URI) 211 Universal Data Model 211

Universal

_{Description, Discovery,}

and

_Integration

(UDDI) 211 Virtual Private Cloud 211

Web DistributedData

_Exchange

(WDDX) 212

Web Service

_Endpoint

Definition (WSEL) 212

Web Services

_Component

Model 212

Web Services Conversation

_{Language (WSCL)}

212

Contents xiii

Web Services

_Experience

_Language

(WSXL) 213

Web ServicesFlow

_Language

_(WSFL) 213

Web Services for Interactive

_{Applications (WSIA)}

213

Web Services for

_Report

_{Portals (WSRP)} 213 Web Services User Interface(WSUI) 214

Workflow 214

XLANG 214

XMLCommon Biometric Format (XCBF) 214

XML

_Encryption

214

XML

_{Key Management Specification}

(XKMS) 215

XML

_Linking

_{Language (XLink)}

215

XML

_Namespaces

215

XML Path

_{Language (XPath)}

215 XML Pointer

_Language

(XPointer) 215 XML Protocol

_(XMLP)

215

XML Schema 216

XML

_Signature

216

XSL

_{Formatting Objects (XSL-FO)}

216

XSL Transformations

_(XSLT)

216

XQuery

216

Bibliography

Index 217 219