ArabicTutorpart-2ByMaulanaAbdulSattarKhan
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(3). ARABIC TUTOR Volume 2 A Translation of. popularly known as. . http://nmusba.wordpress.com/.
(4) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two Copyright © 2004 Madrasah In’āmiyyah. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Madrasah In’āmiyyah, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.. Typeset on Palatino 13 and Traditional Arabic 18 by Academy for Islamic Research, Madrasah In’āmiyyah, Camperdown, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.. Page 2.
(5) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. <<<<<<<<. !" # !$ !$ %& '(# %
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(9) /0) 2 /& 2 (6778 9#:0 ;) <<<<<<<<. Sayyidunā Ibn Úmar narrates that Rasūlullāh said, “Whoever can speak Arabic correctly should not speak Persian because it creates hypocrisy.” (Mustadrak of Hākim). Page 3.
(10) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Title. Arabic Tutor - Volume Two. Author. Moulānā Àbdus Sattār Khān ( #). Translated by Moulānā Ebrāhīm Muhammad First Edition. R Awwal 1428 A.H. April 2007. Published by. Madrasah In’āmiyyah P.O. Box 39 Camperdown 3720 South Africa. Tel. +27 031 785 1519. Fax. +27 031 785 1091. email. [email protected]. Page 4.
(11) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Contents The first fifteen lessons were completed in Volume One. Volume Two begins with Lesson 16. Transliteration..........................................................................9 Preface .........................................................................................12 Lesson 16.....................................................................................14 The Categories of Triliteral Verbs .......................................14 Vocabulary List No. 14 .........................................................18 Exercise 15 ..................................................................................21 Lesson 17.....................................................................................25 The Intransitive and Transitive Verbs and the Active and Passive Verbs..........................................................................25 Vocabulary List No. 15 .........................................................29 Exercise No. 16 .......................................................................30 Lesson 18.....................................................................................35 Changes in the Verb due to the Doer .................................35 Vocabulary List No. 16 .........................................................39 Exercise No. 17 .......................................................................41 Test No. 9 ................................................................................44 Lesson 19.....................................................................................46 The Different Types of the Perfect Tense...........................46 (1) The Recent Past Tense or Past Perfect Tense (. '(;. =)>).......................................................................................46. Page 5.
(12) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. (2) The Far Past Tense or Pluperfect Tense (:?. '(;)..46. (3) The Past Continuous Tense or Past Habitual Tense (@#%0 A. '(;) ....................................................................47 (4) The Doubtful Past Tense (' B /C ED '(;) ........................51. (5) The Perfect Desirous Tense or Conditional Perfect Tense (' F GE. '(; 2 H%0 '(;)......................................51. Vocabulary List No. 17 .........................................................54 Exercise No. 18 .......................................................................56 Lesson 20.....................................................................................61 The Different Forms of the Imperfect.................................61 Vocabulary List No. 18 .........................................................68 Exercise No. 19 .......................................................................70 Lesson 20 B .................................................................................73 The Emphasized Imperfect Tense.......................................73 Vocabulary List No. 19 .........................................................76 Exercise No. 20 .......................................................................77 Test No. 10 ..............................................................................79 Lesson 21.....................................................................................81 The Imperative and the Prohibition ...................................81 Vocabulary List No. 20 .........................................................90 Exercise No. 21 .......................................................................92 Test No. 11 ..............................................................................96 Lesson 22.....................................................................................98 The Derived Nouns ...............................................................98. Page 6.
(13) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. The Active Participle Noun ( I I J.K. L B I)..............................98 The Passive Participle Noun (! I "B L .K %M K L B I)........................100 The Adverb (NO ) ......................................................101 The Noun of the Instrument (-P )..............................103 Vocabulary List No. 21 .......................................................104 Exercise No. 22 .....................................................................106 Lesson 23...................................................................................110 The Adjectival Nouns .........................................................110 Vocabulary List No. 22 .......................................................119 Exercise No. 23 .....................................................................120 Lesson 24...................................................................................124 The Elative ............................................................................124 Vocabulary List No. 23 .......................................................128 Exercise No. 24 .....................................................................130 Test No. 12 ............................................................................136 Lesson 25 A...............................................................................138 The Categories Other than the Triliteral Verbs...............138 Vocabulary List No. 24 .......................................................147 Exercise No. 25 .....................................................................151 Lesson 25 (B).............................................................................156 The Particles Q RI, Q 2J and K 2J....................................................156 Vocabulary List No. 25 .......................................................161 Exercise No. 26 .....................................................................166 Supplement ..............................................................................174 Page 7.
(14) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Some Beneficial Information..............................................174 (1) The definitions of (N8. ) and ("7& )............174. (2) Analysis ( S BI7 B 0DJ).............................................................175. Page 8.
(15) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Transliteration The following method of transliteration of the Arabic letters has been used in this book:. . ā. b. T. t. 4. th. U. j. V. h. W. kh. . d. X. dh. #. r. Y. z. Z. s. [. sh. \. s. ]. d. Page 9.
(16) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. ^. t. _. z. ` M. á. ` I. í. ` L. ú. a. gh. N. f. 3. q. 9. k. !. Page 10. b. m. . n. . ū. c. h. @. ī, y.
(17) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Some Arabic phrases used in this book are as follows: . . ( #). (Sallallāhu ‘alaihi wasallam) May Allâh send blessings and salutations upon him - used for Nabî (Àlaihis salām) Salutations upon him – used for all prophets (Radiallāhu ‘anhu) May Allâh be pleased with him – used for the Sahâbah (Jalla Jalāluhū) The Sublime – used for Allâh (Àzza wa jall) Allāh is full of glory and sublimity (Rahimahullāh) May Allâh have mercy on him – used for deceased saints and scholars. Page 11.
(18) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two.
(19) f :%g " # c:? ' b1 e18 6; # :%d ): b") h ?2 Preface It is only through the grace of the Almighty Allāh that, in spite of my ill-health and unsuitable conditions that prevailed, I have been able to present the second volume of Arabic Tutor to the students of Arabic with changes and new additions. All praises are due to Him. The first volume forms part of the syllabus of the fourth class in the high schools. Now, the second volume has been prepared for the fifth class. Although the previous edition was well accepted by the scholars and intellectuals of the country, Bombay University and the Department of Education Sindh and several seminaries have included it in their syllabi, yet I had the desire to do whatever I could to simplify Arabic. There is no guarantee for life. Due to the lack of means, I could not achieve what I wanted to. Nevertheless, one should be grateful for whatever has been done. Now the benefit of Page 12.
(20) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. this book has increased manifold. All praises are due to Allāh for that. Very few additions of grammar rules have been made because the aim of this book is to learn the language and to understand the Qur’ān. However, there has been a considerable increase in the amount of examples, especially from the Qur’ān, dialogues and exercises, so that this can serve as an Arabic Reader to an extent. It is not only a claim but an accepted reality that this series is the only one which can be called an excellent syllabus and the most beneficial one for high schools, Arabic seminaries and the students of Eastern languages. Nonetheless, whatever I could do, I have done. Now it is the duty of those elders who have the control of the syllabi in their hands, to allow the students to benefit from this book. They can appreciate this service by looking at what has been said and not who said it. They can afford every Muslim student the opportunity of benefiting from it and thus be entitled to immense rewards. Our duty is to merely convey. Servant of the best language (Moulānā) Àbdus Sattār Khān. Page 13.
(21) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Lesson 16 The Categories of Triliteral Verbs 1. (i. 'j1k . "
(22) 2). 1. You have read about the perfect ('(;) and imperfect (`#l;) verbs in lessons 14 and 15 of volume one. You have also learnt many verbs in the vocabulary lists, numbers 12 and 13. From there you may have understood that the second root letter (-%/. 6)2 of the roots of certain triliteral. verbs ('j1k) of the ('(;) perfect and (`#l;) imperfect is sometimes similar and sometimes different. The verbs of the word (n m 0B,J) are (nM 0M,J) and (nL 0M.K M)) where the (-%/. 6) is (VB"0L.K M )3 in both cases. In the word (bm M J ), the ('(;) - perfect tense is (bM L J ) while the (`#l;) is (bL L / K M)). That is, the (-%/ 6) of both are 1. The word (i) means denuded. It refers to the first stem of the verb that. contains only the root letters and is empty of any extra radicals. See Lesson 3.7. 3 that is, having a fathah. 2. Page 14.
(23) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. (bB"% Ll B M )4. In the word (= m B M ), the ('(;) - perfect tense is (= M I M ) while the (`#l;) - imperfect is (= L I7 B M)). Therefore the (. 6. -%/) of both are (#B" L /K M )5. Now observe the following verbs: • in the word ( m B ( M ), the ('(;) is ( M M ( M ) where the (-%/. 6) has a fathah, while the (`#l;) is ( L I l B M)), where the (-%/ 6) has a kasrah.. • in the word (m 8 B *M), the ('(;) is (M 8 M *M) where the (. 6. -%/) has a fathah, while the (`#l;) is (L 8 L &BM)), where the (-%/. 6) has a dammah.. • in the word (o m %B M ), the ('(;) is (oM %I M ) where the (. -%/). has a kasrah, while the (`#l;) is. where the (-%/. 4 5. 6 (o L %M B M)),. 6) has a fathah.. having a dammah. having a kasrah.. Page 15.
(24) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. 2. With regard to the (-%/ the verbs of (i. 'j1k). 6) of the ('(;) and (`#l;), fall into six categories. In the. terminology of Arabic Morphology, these categories are called ( m M
(25) ), the plural being ( m M"
(26) B2J). The six categories are as follows6:. Y". `#l;. '(;. "
(27) . S I .K M) 6 #" /. J M ,J 6 V"0.. L I l B M). M M ( M. ! p ?. S L .K M) 6 b"%l. J M ,J 6 V"0.. L 8 L &BM). M 8 M *M. qk ?. S M .K M) 6 V"0.. J I ,J 6 #" /. oL %M B M). oM %I M. rk ?. S M .K M) 6 V"0.. J M ,J 6 V"0.. nL 0M.K M). nM 0M,J. o
(28) ?. S L .K M) 6 b"%l. J L ,J 6 b"%l. bL L /K M). bM L J. st ?. S I .K M) 6 #" /. J I ,J 6 #" /. = L I7 B M). = M I M. Z ?. Since Arabic is read from right to left, this table must be read in that direction. The arrow sign will be used as a guide to indicate the direction of the text. 6. Page 16.
(29) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. 3. Verbs more often belong to one of the first three categories. The verbs of the fourth category are slightly less, the fifth category even lesser and very few verbs belong to the sixth category. 4. When any word belongs to a particular category, it means that the harakah of the second radical will correspond to the ('(;) and (`#l;) of that category. For example, if it is said that the word ( u B vJ - to wash) belongs to ( (.
(30) ), it. means the ('(;) is ( J M vJ ) and the (`#l;) is (S I wB M)). Note: In the Vocabulary Lists No. 14 and 15, the ('(;) and (`#l;) tenses have been written. Look at the verbs and work out which category each verb belongs to. 5. It is essential to know which category every verb of (i. 'j1k) belongs to so that the ('(;), (`#l;) and the imperative () can be correctly pronounced. It is for this reason that the ( m M
(31) ) of every verb is written next to a verb in the dictionaries. If the verb is from ( (
(32) ), a (]) is. Page 17.
(33) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. written next to the verb.7 If the verb is from (8*.
(34) ), a () is written next to the verb, if it is from (ox
(35) ), a (Z) is inserted, if it is from (n0,
(36) ), a (N) is written, if it is from (b
(37) ), a (9) is inserted and if it is from (=
(38) ), a (V) is written. We will follow the same procedure in the future vocabulary lists. In some modern dictionaries, a line with a harakah is inserted after the ('(;) to indicate the harakah of the (`#l;), e.g. (I_. J M vJ ), (_z M 8 M *M), (_{ V M I ,J).. Vocabulary List No. 14 Word. () J 8 M M. Meaning to obtain. (]) oM |M #M. to return. () 3 M YM #M. to give, to sustain. This applies to some dictionaries only. Others have their own methods of indicating the category of verbs.. 7. Page 18.
(39) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. () :M $J#M. to sleep. () M /J M. to live, to reside. () M /J }M. to thank. BI f. May it be so.. () 3 M :M M. to speak the truth. (9) M L $J. to be near. ( Z) = M I J. to play. (Z) ] M I M. to be ill. (]) bM ~M M. to defeat. D2J. as far as, as for. ` m M)K I. radio. J B?M$S. just before. :L IM|M eu :M B)I |M. newspaper. D*IJGI
(40) I{ 2 -u D*IJGI
(41) I. Britain. _ u "B OS L M. part, portion. Page 19.
(42) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. 8. (# -&k) I B)#M M. the two worlds. B XS. owner8. eu M M M. bliss, success. z M:M L – :m BI M. fortunate. u "B &LS J. thought. -u ME I B 2J MEM. supper, dinner. -u M):I vK 2 M:vJ. lunch. #m "B S ,S. breakfast. bI D)JK cI I 'B ,I. nowadays, in these days. 'M S u 1 J B J. lazy. :m B I M. glorious. -u
(43) M M L. destructive. -u ?M0M/K M. library, bookshop, desk. "M 7 B *M. towards. N m M8*B2J m 8 B *I. half. S M
(44) M). Japan. See Lesson 11 in volume 1.. Page 20.
(45) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. I M"
(46) M2J. parents. = I M Q S M:BM. sports field. m I :B L. astonishing. Exercise 15 (A) In the following sentences, the harakah of the perfect ('(;) and imperfect tenses (`#l;) has not been written. Insert the correct harakah and read the sentences. Read Note no. 5 of Lesson 2 in Volume One once again. Answer. Question. I /I J L &BI ~B |L SK$2J b "B M) Q S I ~B L K M 8 B *I pQ RI T L 2KJ$ M bM "B MK. Q S 2SK>M I fB>S K M I B J (1) SBIM M) b "B M). T I M?|I M L ?B0J M 'B *JI L B M,J I BQ 'I, -I M #M :B %M K M?M = L 0K2J. JXM%I (2). 'B I S 8B7M b "B M) Q S I I :L %B 7 M KJ I B .J K -S M M%|M. bM "B MK M J B J8M K M (3) I B .J K -S M M%|M. I B L 'JM @ B :I M M) 9M L /B}2J. I M BOI M M B XS M *BJ,J (4) Page 21 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(47) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. s M BJ,J I B .J K -S M M%|M D2J M &J 'JM /S K 'JM pQ RI B?IJ B J
(48) I -I J.K wM K 'I, J B :L $BM) M B)I Q. S BIM M). T I M|#M M. z oM ,M# M BI f s M BJ B /I J @ B :I J M M) M $K :M (5) @ B :I M M $JYM# I M:M = L B8 I *M pQ RI JM I B)#M D: eJ M M M. z #I "B S .S K :M B
(49) M = L KX2J M*2J. 'JRI = L KM 'M0M S BIM M) (6) I- M #M :B %M K. I B O J ?B$J { M:wM K S K*M L 7 B *M. { M:wM K J "B SKM 'M0M M (7). I 8 B *I "M 7 B *M -S M #M :B %M K T I :M M
(50) BI. eu :M BI
(51) M bB 2J -u ?MB)I $J -S M #M :B %M K (8). M) B /I J I BM M Z I 2KD 'JM M*:M &BI @ M DE L BEM K M (9) @ M E D L
(52) BM} M*2J @ B :I M M IXJ :M B
(53) M L B}2J pJ M M?M :
(54) M2J M*#I M| 'B ,I cL M"
(55) M2J L /B M) :m J M JM. L BwI 8 D :L J"M K JM B M (10). Page 22 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(56) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. M M M B J Jv M%,J L 2S B ( M I M bM "B MKJ L M |B M. pJ 2J . BOI &M
(57) I "M L s M BJ (11) L L |B M S BwL). I M:B%M K 'I, b "B M) Q S = L K*M B M *M :M B
(58) M b "B M) Q S J "B ?LKM K M (12) I 8 B M K. I I wB %M K J B?M$S oL |B#2J M*2J. I M:BM B I oL |BM 'M0M (13) = I M Q. S K*M I I wB %M K eI 1 J M :M B
(59) M 'I, I JMK #M M?B 2J oL %B *M M { MEM K ` I M)K %I K. S K.M JXM%,J (14). EI :B L ?MM L B %M @ B :I M M). -J M #I M?K M B %M JXM (15). I M ~M :B $J J M
(60) MK Q 2J L B %M M)1 J M 'B ,I -J /J B)I B JKM -J D*IJGB ?IK :I &BI K M I J K I
(61) MJ$ :B $J M MB
(62) M M. 9M JXM M (16). I B 7 M K cI I M }M B I. z M&OJ .M J/J M @ B ~I B)~I M M) M $K :M (17) -I
(63) M M %L K lB)2J :I IM M K 'I, #L M?B JK T I { M|. Page 23 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(64) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two (B) Translate the following sentences into Arabic (1) O boys, how much do you read from the Qur’ān every day? We read one part of it daily but today we read half a part. (2) Did you not learn the madrasah lessons at night? No, but we learnt them in the morning. (3) O boys, when do you go to the madrasah? Nowadays, we go to the madrasah after breakfast. (4) Is the madrasah far from your homes? Yes, the madrasah is approximately one mile from our houses. (5) When do you return from the madrasah? We return from the madrasah a little before Zuhr. (6) Do you obtain the Zuhr Salāh with congregation? Yes, all praises are due to Allāh, these days we obtain the Zuhr and Àsr Salāhs with congregation. (7) How is that? Because the madrasah is only opened nowadays in the morning. (8) Then what do you do after Zuhr? We sleep for one hour. (9) O Ahmad, what do you do after Àsr? Sir, I go for a walk to the garden. (10) Do you read the newspaper every day? By Allāh, every day I read the newspapers in the library.. Page 24 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(65) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Lesson 17 The Intransitive and Transitive Verbs and the Active and Passive Verbs (!"i . N ; . @:0; bY1 .). 1. Verbs are of two types: • Intransitive (bY1): one which is complete with the doer of the action, e.g. (: m B)YM. bM L J. - Zaid became. noble.) The intransitive verb does not have an object. • Transitive (@:0;): one which requires both the doer and the object to complete the statement, e.g.. L (~?B . :m B)YM J J 2J - Zaid ate bread.). 2. Most transitive verbs require one verb only but there are some verbs that require two objects, e.g. when it is said, (/ K
(66) M. :m B)YM = M I M. - Zaid thought that Bakr), the sentence is. incomplete. What did he think of Bakr? When it is said,. J ( &Iv. /K
(67) M :m B)YM = M I M - Zaid thought that Bakr was wealthy),. the sentence becomes complete. (7IM. :IM :m I M M IM ) – Hāmid knew that Khālid is pious. Page 25. Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(68) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two Such verbs are called ( I BJ"B L .K M. 'JI @ B : M 0M%L KJ) – transitive to. two objects. 3. There are two types of transitive verbs: • the active verb (N ;): a verb that is related to the doer of the action and the doer is known, e.g. (:IM. :m I M M M ( M. - Hāmid hit Khālid.) In this. sentence, the doer of the verb ( M M ( M ) is known. • The passive verb (!"i): a verb related to the object and the doer is not mentioned, e.g. (. M I ( L. :m IM - Khālid was hit.) In this example, the doer is not mentioned at all. Therefore the verb ( M I ( L ) is a passive verb. 4. The noun towards which the passive verb is related is. I I J.K called (. = L IM*. - the representative of the doer). It is. (`B",SB M - in the nominative case) like the doer. In the sentence, (: m IM and should. M I ( L ), the word, (:m IM) is the object in reality have been ( "8& - in the accusative case).. However, due to the passive verb, it has taken the place of. Page 26 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(69) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two the doer of the action and is therefore (`B",SB M ). Note 1: The ( I I J.K. = L IM*) is also called ( L SI J, D M L) B J M !S "L.K M ).. 5. Those verbs that have two objects will also have two representatives of the doer. But both will not be (`B",SB M ). The second object will be ( "8&), e.g. (7IM. :m IM M IL - Khālid. was thought to be pious.) Note 2: The method of constructing the ('(;) passive and imperfect passive tense was discussed in Lessons 14 and 15 of Volume One. 6. An intransitive verb is generally used in the active tense. However, by adding a particle to a subsequent noun, it can become transitive. In such a situation, the intransitive verb can be used in the passive tense, e.g. (: B)~M
(70) I. :m IM = M M XJ - Khālid took Zaid.) M M XJ ) has become transitive. The passive Here the verb (= form will be: (: B)~M
(71) I = M I XS - Zaid was taken.) Similarly, the passive form of the sentence ( M0/I
(72) I :m I M { M| Hāmid brought a book) will be ( M0/I
(73) I ¡J B|I - A book was Page 27 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(74) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two brought). Note 3: Although the verb ({ M| - to come) is intransitive, it is used like a transitive verb: ( m "B 0L/K M. 'B *I{ M| - A letter reached. me).. u "B L #M (!. B S { M| - A messenger came to you.) Sometimes the particle ('JRI) is used after it, e.g. ( M BJRI { M|. m "B 0L/K M - A letter came to you). J M M - to enter) is intransitive. An adverb succeeds The verb ( it, that is, a noun showing place or time. Generally there is. B ,I) to it, e.g. ( no need to attach the particle ('. :M I B %M K I :L B)YM J M M. M?M - Zaid entered the musjid in the morning). The words M I B %M K) and ( M?M ) are called ( , !".) which are (: normally words denoting place or time and they are ( "8&). The details will follow in Volume Four.. Page 28 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(75) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Vocabulary List No. 15 Word. Y #L 2J. Meaning rice. = m *IM|. side. -S D/I I%M K -S >J B):I 7 M KJ. the royal garden. (Z) = M I #M. to mount. T m "B L – m %M M. fish. #m B :L L #m :B M. chest, heart. -u J L JG. table. !u J.GK 2J u .K GI. child. -u
(76) MM M. carriage, vehicle. ' I
(77) MB M. coachman, cabman. @ I /J B M. soldier, policeman. -u D I #I J,. Persian. D%J. when. #M "B ,SMw&B I. Singapore. M?I¢BI. Libya Page 29. Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(78) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. -u
(79) M#M M7L. war. Z m M*. people. (N) £ M M *M. to rise. -I M #M :B %M K T L M?|I M . assignment, task. Exercise No. 16 (A) Change the active verbs into passive ones and vice versa in the following sentences. Note 4: When you want to change the active into the passive, delete the doer and replace it with the object which will now be (`",).. J Example: (?K . :m I M M M ( M - Hāmid hit a dog.) will change to. (= m K J. M I ( L - A dog was hit). ( I B)~M ?BL L M)B M B JJ 2J - Maryam ate two breads) will change to ( I M~?BL J I 2S - Two breads were eaten).. If you want to change the passive into the active, insert a doer, change the (.. =*). to the object and render it. Page 30 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(80) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two ( "8&). Example: (3 m #I M . J 0I$S - A thief was killed) will change to ( J 0M$J ¤$#I M u |L #M - A man killed a thief) or (¤$#I M L K 0M$J – I killed a. thief) etc.. &?MJ S .K C M I }M (1) 9M M
(81) 2J : I M "B L 2J = M JGJ (2) YD #L JKM M %M D bM "B MK M&K J 2J (3) M 8 B I 'JRI cL M2J : I M "B
(82) L2J J M #B 2J (4) -J D I #I J.K M 0LB 2S L M .K M K M (5) #M "B ,SMw&B I -I
(83) M#M M7L 'B ,I cL M
(84) 2J @ I /J B M J 0M$J (6) m B?IJ :m M 2 J 0I$S (7) I M"B): 'I, 9M "B
(85) L2J = M IGS (8) -I M #M :B %M K M
(86) M
(87) nM 0I,S K M (9) -I M #M :B %M K 'I
(88) MM
(89) L D"?MK nM 0M,J B M *M (10) M?I¢BI -I
(90) M#M M7L 'B ,I :I J"M K JM "B
(91) L2J J 0I$S (11) -J /Q M 'B ,I @ :I &BI K S M C L M .K L) K M (12) M M
(92) fM#:M BM 'JRI cL "B L 2J r J I
(93) L (13) Page 31 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(94) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. #L Q./S K bL ~M B L M (14) T M "B SM| L L M J 0M$J (15) 7IM 9M M2J L ?B I M (16) (B) Translate the following sentences into English.. -I >J B):I 7 M K 'JRI = L M K M M -J
(95) MM M K = L J B M K M -I
(96) MM M KI
(97) ' I
(98) MB M K { M| -I D/I I%M K :m IM 'B >I B):I M L J M #B 2J 'B IB I B I m "B 0LK/M 'B *I{ M| ' I B /S K 'JM IM| M BwI 8 D 9M M2J L B)2J#M M MM B L L K M M D%J 'JM = *IM
(99) I L B J M ,J -I M #M :B %M K T I M?|I M = L 0L/K M) -I J L Q bM M2J eI "M B >J KI
(100) 'B I { M| M '¥ I B S S S K M) cL M*:B |M "M ,J @ ¥ #I B L ( M B JI cI I 8 B J$ 'B ,I eI :M K ?MK I BI 2J 'JM M&K M M M B /I J bI MQ 'JM M&?MJGJ M bI M:$K JK 'JM %IJ$ £ M M &M,J bM MQ cL M&
(101) BI E M ,J @ I DEI
(102) M&J ¡J B|I D jS M&K J 2J B /S I .S *B2J B I !u "B L #M B S { M| :B >J J #I B :L 8 'I, M%I J.}I M B /S
(103) #M B I -u OJ I"B M B /S B{ M| :B $J Z L D& M)2JM). (1) (2) (3). (4). (5) (6). M B&II ¦B %L K I -u %M B #M M @:L M Page 32 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(104) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two (C) Translate into Arabic. (1) A man killed a big lion. (2) I called Hāmid’s brother. (3) My sister ate the fish and the rice. (4) Ahmad regarded Mahmūd as being pious. (5) This girl’s brother was killed in the war of Japan. (6) My father sent me to Hyderabad. (7) Is the Arabic language understood in Bombay? (8) A letter came to me from my brother. (9) I will write its answer tomorrow. (D) The following sentences are complete. Ponder over each sentence, determine the active and passive verbs and then insert the correct ( ) accordingly.. e} : 2 0$ e} 0$ e"> :}# } e">
(105) } # : ) &v :}# :)Y = &v :}# = . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Page 33. Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(106) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. 92 ?G 9"2 =G 3" hR '1v k
(107) 3" hR k
(108) - #:; 0/ 2> *2 - #:; 0/ 2>) § ) p § ) ". (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14). Page 34 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(109) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Lesson 18 Changes in the Verb due to the Doer 1. When a verb precedes the (,), it will always be singular, whether the (,) is singular, dual or plural. However, it will correspond to the (,) in gender. Examples: Plural. Dual. Singular. J "B %L CM %L K = M 0MJ. I M%CM %L K = M 0MJ. L CM %L K = M 0MJ. T L M%CM %L K I ?M0MJ. I M0%M CM %L K I ?M0MJ. -S %M CM %L K I ?M0MJ. However, if the (,) is a broken plural and a nonintelligent being ($. ¨v), whether masculine or feminine,. the verb is generally singular feminine in both cases. Examples: (! S M% I K. T I { M|) – The (male) camels came. (3 L "B & I ?MM XJ ) – The (female) camels went. Note 1: The word (! u M%|I ) is the broken plural of (u %M |M ) while Page 35 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(110) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two (3 m "B *L) is the broken plural of (-u $JM*). If the (,) is a broken plural of an intelligent being, whether masculine or feminine, the verb can either be used masculine or feminine. Examples: Analysis. Feminine Verb. Masculine Verb. The (,) is masculine.. !S M| I JJ$. !S M| !J J$. The (,) is feminine.. eu "M B *I B JJ$. eu "M B *I !J J$. Similarly, if the (,) is a collective noun (o© ('>>. 9. )9 or it is. ¨v r*¦)10, both forms are permissible.. See Terminology in Volume One. A word that does not have a living masculine opposite.. 10. Page 36 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(111) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two Examples: Analysis. Feminine Verb. Masculine Verb. bL "B >J K T I M l M M. bL "B >J K M l M M. ¨v r*¦ s L %B E D I M JGJ. s L %B E D oM JGJ. The (,) is (o© The (,) is (. ). '>>). 2. If the (,) is mentioned before the verb, the verb and the (,) must correspond. Examples: Feminine. Masculine. B ?M0MJ -S %M CM %L KJ. = M 0MJ L CM %L KJ. M0?M0MJ I M0%M CM %L KJ{. M?0MJ I M%CM %L KJ. Dual. M ?B0MJ T L M%CM %L KJ. B"?L0MJ J "B %L CM %L KJ. Plural. Similarly, the sentence (B"?L M XJ M. Number Singular. J "B %L CM %L K M l M M. - The teachers. were present and went away), has two verbs. The first one is singular and the second is plural. The word ( J "B %L CM %L KJ) is the (,) of both verbs, succeeding the first verb and Page 37 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(112) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two preceding the second. Therefore, the first verb is singular and the second is plural. Note 2: This rule could be understood in another way. When the (,) precedes the verb in a sentence, it is not called the (,) in Arabic Grammar but is the subject (:0?) while the verb becomes its predicate (ª). The (:0?) and (ª) form a (-x. -©). It will not be a (-, -©).. The analysis of the sentence (= M 0MJ. L CM %L K) will be as follows: The word ( L CM %L K) is the subject (:0?). The verb (= M 0MJ ) has a L ) which is the (,). The verb with its hidden pronoun ("M (,) become a (-, -©) and then forms the (ª). The (:0?) and (ª) constitute a (-x -©). You learnt in Lesson 6 that the predicate must correspond with the subject in number and gender. Accordingly, in such sentences, the verb which is the predicate corresponds with the visible (,) which is the subject. But when the. subject is the plural of a non-intelligent being, the verb will be singular feminine, according to the normal rule of (. -©. Page 38 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(113) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. -x), e.g. ( B 0M?M*M #L M}B JKJ) – The trees grew. Hopefully you have understood the corresponding of the verb and the (,). Carefully read the exercise that is to follow.. Vocabulary List No. 16 Word. () !J J
(114) M. Meaning to spend. (N) ` M #M YM. to sow. (N) !J J{ M. to ask, to question. () M /J }M. to thank. () oM JGJ. to rise. (Z) bM :I $J. to come. () « D $J. to narrate a story. (]) :M 8 M $J. to intend, to proceed. (N) nM &MM. to grant, to award. :L I M) :M |M M. to find. Page 39 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(115) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. I M"
(116) M2J. parents. N m "B S2S m K2J. thousand. -u *MMRI. help. eu~M IM|. prize. p¤ M. immediately. u B M. income. -u M)¬B #L. sight, meeting. M0}I. winter. euM M}M. testimony, evidence, certificate summer. m BM = GI. medical science. -u
(117) MM?GI. medical profession. MlB 2J "m l B L. limb, member. -u >J IJ,. superior, first-rate. L I M",J -u M I J,. fruit. bm B :L $S. to come, to arrive. @$S -u M)B $J. village. Page 40 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(118) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. L I M M m /J B M. house, dwelling. m "B ,S L :m ,K M. delegation. Exercise No. 17 Note 3: The important words will be typed in bold. Make a careful note of these words. The future lessons will also be done in the same manner. Note 4: Note in the following exercise that when the verb precedes the (,), it will always be singular and when it succeeds it, the verb and the (,) will correspond..
(119) M I M0E 'I,
(120) D jS I B8 D 'I, J ?M M K !S M| (1) B L &MI M M I J,M E M I MJB 2J
(121) M L L I M M :L %M B 2J bM DE (2) e¤ ~M IM|
(122) M I M70IB +IK 'I, L pJ B { (3) " # $ -J >J IJ.K eJ M ME D ! M = C I K I 'B ,I I M0&B?IK (4) -I ?MJGJ B I I M>J .S K 'JM e¤ M BkIJ p¤ M"B2J % & ' M :B):I }M M ,J M%L M"
(123) M2J I K I K Page 41 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(124) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. I B O :M B
(125) M D jS eJ "M B >J K '# * , M?M @ B :I &BI I 1 J |L #M )( (5) -¤ *MMRI 'B &I
(126) . M 'B IB I I J,M }L B I ! M|#I eS M E B M I B,I :m ,K M - D%J,J eI :M K ?MK I BI 2J :M %M B 2J 'B >I B):I M 'JRI B I
(127) I . & -I D?C -I M #M :B %M K I J I M M&
(128) I 2 3 M p¤ M 1 M -I ,JB wL K M I M&BJRI # 0 cI I 8 B $J :M &BI / ' I I M".J KI
(129) L L D:L 5 )( D jS -I &MD)~M %L K ' I M/J K 'JM , 4 M I 8 B >J K : # * M @ M DE '# 9 eI "M B >J K M @ I DEI
(130)
(131) )6 7 8 4 D%J,J = M&I B :L $S = I ?M M B M L BI JK 1 ;(< D jJ eJ "M B >J K :I ,K "M K z MlB 2J @ . A -¤ M #M ~B M MJ ? M p¤ M - D
(132) I#L M K2J -I M #M :B %M K I > -J 8 D >I K I BJM BkIJ /K }L M IX 'JM B # C 9 )"I &M M - D
(133) I#L I K2J "M 7 B *M MSB M .'B IB I 'JRI D E M (B) Fill in the blanks:. M J|M M I 1 J |L #M I B?MK 'JRI D jS M%L M #B M u BIM M { M $J [ I B .J K 'JM M z M & T I { M| J 2KM >K M) T L M&?MKJ ,IM*. J B z M >K M). (1) (2) (3) (4) (5). Page 42 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(134) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. ~M ?B L KM M 7 B Q 'B *IM"B RI (6) -I M #M :B %M K 'JRI :M %M B 2J T L M"M 2J (7) ' I M/J K 'JM M -I M #M :B %M K 'I, T L M%CM %L K (8) -I M #M :B %M K 'JRI M 0LB 2S 'M0M (9) I 8 B M K :M B
(135) M 'JRI M&M M K M (10) I ?M M K M I 'M0M M J ?M M K z MM SK 'M0M (11) M&BI M LM"M 2J bB 2J #I D: M I M *LM"B RI K M (12) M&BI B M M #M D: B M (13) @ "I &M D I M70IB +IK 'I, :J M B J (14) (C) Translate into Arabic: (1) The boys ate breakfast and then went to the madrasah. (2) The two boys were successful in the examination of medical science and they were awarded a certificate and a prize. (3) Did your sisters go to the madrasah? (4) No sir, they did not go till now. Now they will eat lunch and then go to the madrasah. (5) Three noble women came to me from a village and sought help from me for the girls’ madrasah. I gave Page 43 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(136) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two them fifty rupees. They thanked me and went away to their village.. Test No. 9 (1) How many categories ( "
(137) 2) of verbs are there in (. 'j1j)?. (2) When a verb belongs to a particular (
(138) ), what does it mean? (3) What do you obtain by recognizing the (
(139) ) of a verb? (4) To which categories ( "
(140) 2) do the following verbs belong: (=#), (), (=0), (2), (,), (£*M), (r
(141) ), (=X), ( $), (/}) and (8)? (5) What is a transitive verb and an intransitive verb? (6) From the above-mentioned verbs (in no. 4), which verbs are intransitive and which ones are transitive? (7) Define (N . ,) and (!" ,).. (8) In a sentence, how can an active verb be converted to a passive one and vice versa? Provide an explanation with examples. (9) Why is the passive tense not formed from an Page 44 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(142) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two intransitive verb? (10) Can the passive tense ever be formed from an intransitive verb? (11) If the doer succeeds the verb in a sentence, what effect does the gender and number of the doer have on the verb? (12) If the doer precedes the verb in a sentence, what changes occur in the verb due to the differences in the doer?. Page 45 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(143) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Lesson 19 The Different Types of the Perfect Tense. (1) The Recent Past Tense or Past Perfect Tense (2A#=
(144). FGH
(145) ). By adding the particle (: B $J), the meaning of the recent past tense is most often created, e.g. (3 I "B . 'JRI :m B)YM = M M XJ :B $J) – Zaid just went to the market or Zaid. has gone to the market.. (2) The Far Past Tense or Pluperfect Tense (. FGH
(146). ID.
(147) ) The far past tense is formed by inserting the word ( J J) before the ('(;), e.g. (= M M XJ. J J) – He had gone.. Page 46 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(148) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. (3) The Past Continuous Tense or Past Habitual Tense (KE
(149) #> <J
(150). FGH
(151) ). The past continuous or habitual tense is formed by inserting the word ( J J) before the imperfect (`#l. L M B #L L :L %M B 2J = L 0L/K M)). ,), e.g. ( J J. – Ahmad was writing his lessons or he. used to write his lessons. Note 1: The word ( J J) is a verb of the perfect tense ('(;) from the verbal noun ( u "B J - to be). Its paradigm is like other verbs:. D 0L&BS M%0L&BS I &BS B 0L&BS M%0L&BS M &BS D S M0*MJ B *MJ B"*LJ M*J J J D&S L &BS Note 2: Whichever word-form (-w ) of the far past or past continuous you intend to construct, use the same wordform from the above paradigm and add it to the same word-form of the ('(;) or (`#l;) tense. You will understand this well from the following paradigm.. Page 47 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(152) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. ID.
(153) FGH
(154) LD$
(155) Meaning. Person. Gender. Word-Form. Verb. He had written. 3 person. masc.. singular. = M 0MJ J J. They 2 had written. dual. M?0MJ M*J. They had written. plural. B"?L0MJ B"*LJ. singular. B ?M0MJ B *MJ. They 2 f. had written. dual. M0?M0MJ M0*MJ. They f. had written. plural. M ?B0MJ D S. singular. M ?B0MJ M &BS. You 2 had written. dual. M%0L?B0MJ M%0L&BS. You had written. plural. B 0L?B0MJ B 0L&BS. singular. I ?B0MJ I &BS. You 2 f. had written. dual. M%0L?B0MJ M%0L&BS. You f. had written. plural. D 0L?B0MJ D 0L&BS. singular. L ?B0MJ L &BS. dual/ plural. M&?B0MJ D&S. rd. fem.. She had written. You had written. 2nd person. fem.. You f. had written. I had written We had written. masc.. 1st person. m/f. Page 48 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(156) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. KE
(157) #> <J
(158) FGH
(159) LD$
(160) Meaning. Person. Gender. WordForm. Verb. He was writing. 3rd person. masc.. singular. = L 0L/K M) J J. They 2 were writing. dual. I M?0L/K M) M*J. They were writing. plural. J "B ?L0L/K M) B"*LJ. singular. = L 0L/K M B *MJ. They 2 f. were writing. dual. I M?0L/K M M0*MJ. They f. were writing. plural. M ?B0L/K M) D S. singular. = L 0L/K M M &BS. You 2 were writing. dual. I M?0L/K M M%0L&BS. You were writing. plural. J "B ?L0L/K M B 0L&BS. singular. M B?I0L/K M I &BS. You 2 f. were writing. dual. I M?0L/K M M%0L&BS. You f. were writing. plural. M ?B0L/K M D 0L&BS. singular. = L 0LK 2J L &BS. dual/ plural. = L 0L/K *M D&S. fem.. She was writing. You were writing. 2 person nd. fem.. You f. were writing. I was writing We were writing. masc.. 1st person. m/f. Note 3: The (`#l;) of ( J J) is (S "B /S M)). The paradigm will be as follows:. Page 49 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(161) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. PCA : MENH
(162) LD$
(163) Meaning. Person. Gender. WordForm. Verb. He was. 3rd person. masc.. singular. S "B /S M). They 2 were. dual. I M*"B /S M). They were. plural. J "B *L"B /S M). singular. S "B /S M. They 2 f. were. dual. I M*"B /S M. They f. were. plural. D /S M). singular. S "B /S M. You 2 were. dual. I M*"B /S M. You were. plural. J "B *L"B /S M. singular. M B*I"B /S M. You 2 f. were. dual. I M*"B /S M. You f. were. plural. D /S M. singular. S "B S 2J. dual/ plural. S "B /S *M. fem.. She was. You were. 2nd person. fem.. You f. were. I was We were. masc.. 1st person. m/f. Page 50 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(164) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. (4) The Doubtful Past Tense (F QCR9
(165). FGH
(166) ). Q M J - perhaps) before the ('(;) By inserting the word ( perfect tense, the doubtful perfect tense is formed, e.g. (: I I B %M K. 'JRI = M M XJ :B)YM Q M J) – Perhaps Zaid went to the musjid.. The word ( S "B /S M)) can also create the doubtful perfect. M M XJ meaning, e.g. (=. :m B)YM S "B /S M)) – Zaid may have went.. Note 4: The word ( Q M J) does not appear before a verb. It is succeeded by a noun which is ( "8&) or by a pronoun (¨%().. (5) The Perfect Desirous Tense or Conditional Perfect Tense (SF#9
(167). FGH
(168) 4 T>
(169) FGH
(170) ). The meaning of the conditional perfect tense is created by adding the word ("B J - if, would that) to the ('(;), e.g. (T M :B 8 M7 M J. M B #M YM "B J). – Had you sown, you would have. Page 51 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(171) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two harvested.. M :B 8 M7 M J) has the meaning of Note 5: The (!) in the word (T ‘certainly’ or ‘surely’. This (!) is inserted in the response to the conditional sentence beginning with ("B J). Sometimes it is not inserted. For the perfect conditional tense, sometimes ( J J) or any of its other word-forms is inserted after ("B J). The ('(;) or the (`#l;) tense can be used after it. There is a slight difference in meaning. Examples: (T M :B 8 M7 M J. M B #M YM M &BS "B J) – If you had sown, you would have. certainly harvested, or ‘Had you sown, you would have harvested’.. ( M 7 B M *M. M M B #L L S .J 7 B M M &BS "B J). – If you had been learning. your lessons, you would have succeeded, or ‘Had you been learning your lessons, you would have succeeded’. By inserting the word (M%0MB J) or ( M BJ), the desirous perfect Page 52 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(172) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two tense is created, e.g.. L 7 B M *M (. M%0MBJ) – How I wish I succeeded. (n M M *M : B)YM M BJ) – Would that Zaid was successful. Note 6: Like ( Q M J), the word ( M BJ) also appears before a noun or a pronoun and renders it (=8*). 6. Also remember that the word ( J J) or its derivatives most often appear before a nominal sentence. The predicate will then be in the accusative case (=8&. -).. Examples: ( IM|. :m B}I #M J J) – Rashīd was sitting.. ( M B%I IJ$. L pJ B JK I *MJ) – The boys were standing.. Note 7: You have read the paradigms of ( J J) and (S "B /S M)). Conjugate the verb (! S "B >S M). !J J$) in a similar manner because. you will be able to form more sentences with the aid of this paradigm.. Page 53 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(173) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Vocabulary List No. 17 Word. () :M B L K !J J
(174) M. Meaning to strive, to take pains. (Z) J I |M. to be ignorant. (N) nM %M M. to overlook, to permit. () 3 M :M M. to speak the truth. (]) #M J M. to excuse. (]) !J J M. to reproach. (]) J >J M. to understand. ( Z) = M l I vJ. to be angry. *YL "B .S M). YM J,. to succeed, to achieve. (Z) r J ?IJ. to stay, remain. () « M >J *M. to decrease. S I M) J M M. to advise. L M YB JKJ. Al-Azhar University. m ML. sand. :m B |L. effort. Page 54 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(175) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. !u "B >S L u >K M. field. m MM. seal, final. m BI M. fire, hell. m M7B 2J = m I M. companion. N m "B L( L m B( M. guest. -u MI M(. outskirts. m BIM. knower. bm 1 Q M. very learned. N m M vS -u ,JB vS. room, upper storey. m "B LvS = m BvJ. unseen. J B?M$S. just before. u B.I M m M0I. protecting book. Z M K
(176) M pJ. no harm. -u JJ>M. statement. nm |I M*. successful. * The paradigm of (YL "B .S M). YM J,) is the same as (J J). Page 55. Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(177) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Exercise No. 18 (A) Translate the following sentences into English. The words in bold are particularly connected to this lesson. ANSWER. QUESTION. -I MI Dl 'JRI J P U # "M L. I B?MK 'I, 9M "B L 2J K M (1). I >K 7 M K 'JRI 2 3 V WD . 9M "B
(178) L2J M B)2J M (2). M M E M M oM I D0 Z M #B :D 5 47# . bM "B MK 5 47# Z #B M @ D 2J (3). :vJ M B)I E B I K Z M #B :D SM $K 2J N M "B M eJ :M B)I M K 4# 7 4 8 @ B :I M M). 4# =7 X 8 ! L L "B L) (4) -J M #I M?K. L B)2J#M M L ?BM J ,J M&J -u >J B):I M 9M M&L MJM"B 2J. M K I 'JRI . 3 8 M I (5). -I ,JB wL K M I # 0 R 8 B M *M. M&BJRI P # 0 X Y 8 K M (6). -I M)B >J K. M M B #L L 0 $ ! 8 'M I M 0IB 2S 'JM .N Z M I :L B)YM M) (7) -S %M CM %L K. Page 56 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(179) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. b "B M) Q S [ $ ! 4 8 M*2J 'B I 2J M). b "B M) Q S [ $ X M *B2J K M (8). L &BS 'B *JI 0 $ ! M s I B JKI
(180) B /I J. M M #B M. N I "B Ll -I M :B I 'B ,I p¤ "B wL E B M M M YB 2J I M%JL B I
(181) 8 I pJ ¦L M. B S :M &BI L Bl D J J B M (9). b D)2J -J M %B M M*:M &BI P \.7 A B L QM J. B I
(182) I > ] 'B &I0MBJ M) (10) "B M) B J B I I#M M)~I I 5 # N B S :M &BI P \.7 A. M 0IM)¬B L
(183) I " # $7 A 'B
(184) I2J 'B I 2J M) Z M K
(185) M pJ. 5 # N 9M "B
(186) L2J > < "B J (11). I >I B):I M L
(187) B M *BJ,J. I I wB %M K :M B
(188) M. I M70IB +IK 'I, 7|I M* J J "M L B M *M. 9M "B L 2J P 8 K M :L BI M M) (12). eI M ME D I
(189) ^ M. eI M ME D I
(190) {^ M 7|I M*. eI M ME D I
(191) 5 M 'B &I0MBJ M) IM70IB +IK 'I, K M (13) @ B :I M M) 7 _ 9M :M B |L 7& ' "B J (14) (B) Translate the following verses of the Qur’ān:. u I.M m M0I M*:M &I M B L &BI ] L #B JK « L >S &M M M&%B IM :B $J (1) Page 57 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(192) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. JM
(193) I &MB %I M D&S M ¨I I D I M7B 2J 'I, D&S M S >I B *M B 2J oL %M B *M D&S "B J "SJ$ M 0I?kKM :D }M 2J M B L Q BM J J/J I
(194) I J "SOM "L) M K"SM ,J B L *D2J "B J M M I .K *M 'I, M L JB 2J pJ M 'I .K *M 'I, M L JB M L 0M%B IM :B >J ,J L 0LK $S L &S IR. I "LwL K bL 1 Q M M *J2 M *DRI
(195) ML L &S 'I&0MBJ M) L ,IJ/K !S "S>M) M %I/M ~)I~M L J J M %IOM M BJM I S l B ,J J J M M MM M I Q !J "L #D I/J M B /S IM|# : M 2J M
(196) 2J :m %D 7 M L J J M %IM 'B }M C /S
(197) I L Q J J M 6 M ?I&D. (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9). (C) Hereunder follow two verses of Khalīl, the celebrated grammarian. They are extremely enjoyable and worthy to ponder over. When Àllāmah Khalīl was inventing the science of verse and he was engaged in forming the scales of poetry, his son thought that the father was uttering nonsense. He began making an uproar about his father’s mental derangement. It was on this occasion that Khalīl uttered this response.. Page 58 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(198) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. 'B &IM#B J M !S "B $S2J M L JB M M &BS "B J J/0LKJ M !S "B >S M M L JB M M &BS B 2J 'B &I0MKJ M ,J 'B 0IJJ>M M K I |M B /I J J/L#B J M ,J u I M| M *D2J L %B IM M J M ) at the end of the first verse was Note: The word (J/0LK originally ( M 0LKJ M ). Similarly, the word (J/L#B J M ) was ( M L#B J M ). It is permissible to append an (), ( ) or (@) at the end of a verse to prolong the sound. (D) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. (1) My brother just went to the garden for a walk. Perhaps he may return a little before Maghrib. (2) Yesterday I had gone to a village. Were you looking at me? (3) Yes, I was looking at you from the minaret (eu #M M&M ) of (4) (5) (6) (7). the musjid. You were mounted on a horse. We saw your paternal uncle. He was reading the newspaper last night. Had you not learnt your lesson yesterday? I had learnt my lesson yesterday. Mahmūd used to learn his lesson everyday but today Page 59. Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(199) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two he was busy in the service of the guests. (8) Had we taken pains, we would have certainly succeeded in the final examination. (9) Were you drinking tea in Hyderabad? (10) I used to drink tea in the morning in Bombay but I left the tea in Hyderabad.. Page 60 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(200) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. Lesson 20 The Different Forms of the Imperfect 1. Only the imperfect (`#l;. .). is declinable ( MB L ). among all the verbs.11 See 10.10. The perfect tense (. .. '(;) and the imperative () are indeclinable ('I&?B%M KJ). Note 1: Remember that the ( ) of a declinable noun ( ;. p) is (o,#), (=8*) and (F |) while the ( ) of the (`#l;) is (o,#), (=8*) and (b~|). Jazm (b~|) does not appear at the end of a noun while jarr (F |) does not appear at the end of a verb. Yes, if for some temporary reason it appears, it is another matter. 2. If the particle ( B J) is prefixed to the (`#l;), jazm will be read at the end of the verb. Therefore the particle ( B J) is called a (bY|. N).. However, the plural feminine word-forms of the second and third person are not ( M B L ). No changes occur in them. 11. Page 61 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(201) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two When the particle ( B J) is prefixed to the (`#l;), it renders (=8*) to the verb. Therefore the particle ( B J) is called a (=. * N).. The seven (-
(202) (=. * N).. "*) are deleted due to the (bY| N) or. This is the change that occurs in the word. itself. As for the meaning, due to the particle ( B J), the (`#l;) changes to the negative perfect ('.&;. '(;). K M .K M) B J - He did not do) is the same as (J M ,J M). Therefore ( The particle ( B J) creates the meaning of negative emphasis. in the (`#l;). The (`#l;) also becomes specific with the. J M .K M) future tense, e.g. (. B J) – He will never do.. Compare the following paradigms and understand well the differences in words and meanings.. Page 62 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(203) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. - `
(204) MENH
(205). : H
(206) MENH
(207). M#H
(208) MENH
(209). K M .K M) B J. J M .K M) B J. S M .K M). He did not do. He will never do. He is doing or he will do. JM .K M) B J. JM .K M) B J. I JM .K M). B"SM .K M) B J. B"SM .K M) B J. J "B SM .K M). K M .K M B J. J M .K M B J. S M .K M. JM .K M B J. JM .K M B J. I JM .K M. M K M .K M) B J. M K M .K M) B J. M K M .K M). K M .K M B J. J M .K M B J. S M .K M. JM .K M B J. JM .K M B J. I JM .K M. B"SM .K M B J. B"SM .K M B J. J "B SM .K M. 'B IM .K M B J. 'B IM .K M B J. M BIM .K M. JM .K M B J. JM .K M B J. I JM .K M. M K M .K M B J. M K M .K M B J. M K M .K M. K M ,K 2J B J. J M ,K 2J B J. S M ,K 2J. K M .K *M B J. J M .K *M B J. S M .K *M. Page 63 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(210) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two Note 2: When the (-?. * N ) are prefixed before (S "B /S M)), the. paradigm will be as normal without much change. However, when the (-Y|. N ). are prefixed, the. paradigm will be as follows: Word-form. b#DH
(211) a F$
(212). singular masculine 3rd person. B /S M) B J. dual masculine 3rd person. *M"B /S M) B J. plural masculine 3rd person. B"*L"B /S M) B J. singular feminine 3rd person. B /S M B J. dual feminine 3rd person. *M"B /S ¢M B J. plural feminine 3rd person. D /S M) B J. singular masculine 2nd person. B /S M B J. dual masculine 2nd person. *M"B /S ¢M B J. plural masculine 2nd person. B"*L"B /S B J. singular feminine 2nd person. 'B *I"B /S ¢M B J. dual feminine 2nd person. *M"B /S ¢M B J. plural feminine 2nd person. D /S M B J. Page 64 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(213) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two singular first person. B S 2 B J. dual and plural first person. B /S *M B J. The paradigm of (! S "B >S M)) with the particle (B J) is the same as the above one, that is (B"S"B >S M) B J J"B >S M). B J K >S M) B J) etc.. B J), there are four other ( 3. Besides the particle (. N . -Y|): • (% D J - not, not till now). K RI - if) • ( • (! I - the particle of the imperative) • (p J - the particle of prohibition). D J) is prefixed before the (`#l;), it When the particle (% creates a change in the word and the meaning like ( B J), e.g. ( K M .K M). D%J - He did not do or he did not do till now).. The particle ( K RI) is used for a condition (^}). A response (~|) is necessary for the condition. When the condition Page 65 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(214) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two and the response are both the (`#l;) tense, both verbs will be (b ~), e.g. ( B I ( B 2J B I l B M. K RI) – If you hit, I will hit.. Note 3: Sometimes the letter (!) is prefixed before the particle ( K RI) and written as (B §IJ). The meaning remains the same. However, there is more stress created in the meaning. The. !I - the particle of the imperative and pJ - the particle of. prohibition, will be discussed in Lesson 21. 4. Besides the particle ( B J), there are other (-?. * N ):. K 2J - that) • ( • (' B J or 'B /J I - so that). K XJ RI - then) • ( • (! I - so that)- it is called ('B J • (1 Q §JI = pJ. bL pJ ). K JI - so that not). • ('D0 M - so that, until). Page 66 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(215) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two Examples:. M M K M) (=. K 2J L LB M 2J) – I commanded him to go. ( M M ,K 2J 'B J SM $K 2J) – I am reading to understand. (n M M &BM K XJ RI) – then you will be successful. (2JM >K MI
(216) M0 I L 0L7 B &MM ) – I gave him a book so that he can read. J M B M) 1 Q §JI) – so that he does not remain ignorant. ( (V M M .K M) 'D0M ) – so that he becomes happy. Note 4: The particles ( K RI) and ('D0M ) can be prefixed before. the ('(;). However, they cause no change in the word. Yes, the particle ( K RI) changes the meaning of the ('(;) to the future tense, e.g. ( M %B I ,J. T M 2KM $J K RI) – If you read, you will understand.. Note 5: The particles (! I ) and ('D0M ) are also (eF#|. N ).. When they are prefixed before nouns, the nouns are read in the genitive case (F ¯. -), e.g.. (: B)~M I) – for Zaid, (I M % M K. 'D0M ) – till the evening. Page 67. Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(217) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two Note 6: The particle ( B J) is most often used for negation after the interrogative hamzah (2J) and ( K RI), e.g. ( B JB M. B J 2J) – Did you not know? ( B JB M B J K RI) – If you did not know. Vocabulary List No. 18 Word. (Z) J XI 2J. Meaning to permit. () M M 2J. to command. (Z) V M I
(218) M. to leave, depart. () ° J M
(219) M. to spread. () ±J J
(220) M. to reach. (Z) J ~I M. to be sad. () J ~M M. to sadden. () M /J M. to order, to decide. (N) nM
(221) MXJ. to slaughter. (Z) oM ?I}M. to be satiated. Page 68 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(222) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. () 3 M M GJ. to knock on the door. (N) ` M M $J. to knock on the door. (Z) J I J. to be lazy. (Z) ²M I J. to lick. (Z) bM :I *M. to be ashamed. (N) oM .J *M. to benefit. B">S DJ,. to fear. om IM|. hungry. ` m M? I om ?L M. predator. m ?BM. patience, aloe- (m ?IM ). #m "B LGS m BGJ. bird. m M&B 2J = m &MI. grape. 3 m M,I. separation. :m B M. glory. bm MM. aim. [ m "B L L m B M. wild animal. 3 m J, I. unity, corresponding. Page 69 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(223) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. -u JB M. moment, instant. Exercise No. 19 (A) Translate the following sentences into English.. M ?B8 D ²M M K M 'D0M :M B %M K ±J S?BM B J (1) (r):d) Z M D& I /S E B M) B J B M. { I /S E B M) B J (2) M M .J &BM) 'B J M ?MQ L M E B M pJ M I (3) M&BJM J L :B MI M M?K L J L 7 B 0M.J ,J M M?K ` L M >K M) :m BI M J J (4) J ~M 7 B M) 1 Q §JI L J L *BXI 2J (5) I M70IB +IK bM "B M) nM M &BM B J 9M :M B |L !K S ?BM B J K RI (6) bB :M &BM K M /K M K RI (7) -I M #M :B %M K M I oM |I #B 2J 'D0M I B?MK M I U M L B M) pJ K 2J 'B I I M T L B M 2J (8) M&B ?I}M 'D0M = M &MI K M&K J J,J M BI IM| D&S (9) M I. I ²I K M = M IMM B OS &BM T I M*M"M7 M K -I >J B):I M 'JRI = B M K M K RI (10) #I "B L ` I M? M [ I "B L "L K K XJ RI L J L K $S nM M *BJI @ B :I B |L bM M%M LKJ
(224) M 'B *RI L L "B L) 'B I !J J$ (11) M M MM ±J S?BM 3 m M.I ,J 3 m J, I B /S M) B J K RI (12) Page 70 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(225) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. 'D
(226) IM M K M M .K 0MI M M0/I K JM KM >K M B J2J (13) 'M B D 9M L B2J B J K
(227) M - JB M !I D 2J 'B ,I B'I MM ±K S
(228) B2J B J K RI 'B &I*L~L 7 B M) pJ (14) I BJRI ±J S
(229) B2J 'D0M (B) Translate the following verses of the Qur’ān.. #M D& K"S>DJ, K"SM .K M J M K"SM .K M B Q I+,J L BM "M L M 'I L M /S 7 B M) B 2J 'I
(230) 2J 'I J XJ K M) M 0DM ] M #B { V M M
(231) B2J B J,J 6 M %I I M7K e¤ M >J
(232) M K"L7
(233) MK M K 2J B S L L K M) M Q RI I I "B >J I M "L !J J$ 6 M II MK M I J "S2J K 2J I I
(234) XS "L2J. { :M ?LB 2J K 2J T L B I 2S M J0L$K JJ M BJRI @ M :I M) ° I M?
(235) I M*2J M 'I&J0L>K 0MI 9M :M M) 'D JRI M M
(236) M I§J B /S
(237) I"B S$J 'B ,I S M%B)+IK I L :B M) D%J M B"%L JB M B J M M IM ,J -¤ M I M . I ] L #B 2J B /S M B J 2J m B):I $J ¡ B}M C S 'JM. { Q 2J B JB M B J J2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10). B S B 8 L &BM). { L8 L &BM K RI (11) (C) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Page 71 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
(238) Arabic Tutor – Volume Volume Two. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6). (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15). Did you not read the Qur’ān? I read the Qur’ān but I did not understand its meaning. O Maryam, why don’t you drink milk so that it can benefit you? I will never drink tea today. Who is knocking on the door? My sister was knocking on the door, therefore I opened the door for her so that she is not saddened. I ate the grapes until I was satiated. If you are successful, you will receive a prize. Allāh created man so that he can worship Him. We recite the Qur’ān so that we can understand it and practise it. That girl was reading the Qur’ān until the sun set. If you help me, I will help you. Those two will not move from their place until you permit them. Were you not present in the madrasah yesterday? Did you not listen to the news on the radio?. Page 72 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/.
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