Exchange Rate Systems

(1)

Virginia Evans

-

Jenny Daaley

s

~~

(2)

Continuous - Present Simple ... p. 66 13 Conditionals - Types 0, I, 2 & 3 ... p. 72 14 Wishes, Had better - Would rather .... p. 77 Exploring Grammar (Units 12-14) ... p. 81 Revision (Units 1-14) ... p. 82 15 Modal Verbs... p. 83 16 Reported Speech .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . p. 93 Exploring Grammar (Units 15-16) ... p.101 Revision (Units 1-16) ... p.102

17 Adjectives - Adverbs, Comparisons .... p.103 18 Too - Enough ... p.112 19 Question Tags ... p.114 20 Reflexive Pronouns ... p.116 Exploring Grammar (Units 17-20) ... p.118 Revision (Units 1-20) ... p.119

21 AlAn - One/Ones, The Definite

Article 'The' ... p.120 22 The Passive ... p.124 23 The Causative ... p.129 Exploring Grammar (Units 21-23) ... p.132 Revision (Units 1-23) ... p.133

24 Nouns (plural/singular) ... p.134 25 Countable/Uncountable Nouns, Some

-Any - No, A lot of - Much/Many -A few/Few - A little/Little, Both/

Neither - All/None - Either ... p.136 Exploring Grammar (Units 24-25) . ... p.144 Revision (Units 1-25) ... p.145

26 Infinitive/-ing form, Participles ... p.146 27 Prepositions of Movement, Place

'" Time ... p.155 28 Some/Any/No/Every + body (one)/

thing/where ... ... p.160 29 Clauses of Result, Exclamations ... p.162 Exploring Grammar (Units 26-29) ... p.164 Revision (Units 1-29) ... p.165

Phrasal Verbs ... p.166 Verbs/Adjectives/Nouns with

Prepositions ... p.171

(3)

Present Simple

Affirmative Nesattve Interroptlve

I run, He/Shellt runs, We/You/They run

I don't run, He/She/It doesn't run, We/You/They don't run Do I run?, Does he/she/it run?, Do we/you/they run? Short answers Yes, I do. Yes, he/she/it does. Yes, we/you/they do.

No, I don't. No, he/she/it doesn't. No, we/you/they don't.

Spelling: 3,d person singular

• Most verbs take -s in the third person singular.

I cut -

he cuts

• Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -0 take -es.

I kiss

-

he kisses

, I fish

-

he fishes

,

I

match

-

he matches,

I mix -

he

mixes, I

go

-

he goes

• Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and take -ies.

I try

-

he tries

• Verbs ending in a vowel + y take -5 only.

I pay -

he pays

Pronunciation

-s/-es in the third person singular is pronounced: • /s/ in verbs ending in /f/, /k/, /p/ or /t/ sounds.

he sits

• ilz/ in verbs ending in /s/,

/

1 /

,

/

t

l

/

,

/dY

or /z/ sounds.

he catches

• /z/ in verbs ending in all other sounds.

he lives

TIme expressions used with the present simple: always, usually, etc, on Mondays/Tuesdays, etc, in the moming/ afternoon/ evening, every day/week, etc, at night/the weekend, etc

Use

We use the present simple for: • repeated actions.

She goes to work by bus.

• habits, routines.

They usually

go

shopping

on

Saturdays.

• permanent states.

Mary lives

in

London.

She works at

a

bank.

• general truths or laws of nature.

The sun rises in the east

.

• timetables.

The plane from Moscow arrives

at 6:30

.

• sports commentaries.

"He kicks the ball and passes

it

to

... "

~

q:;;;;

iU

;::Dlt':.

• reviews.

Brad

Pitt

acts superbly

in

this film

.

• narrations.

"The prince asks her

to

follow

him ... "

(4)

Present Simple

1 Fill in the third person singular

form

of the verbs below.

2 Write the third person singular of the verbs in the correct

box, as in the example

.

Then read the verbs aloud

.

1

finish

~ finishes

• w

ant

• miss

• know

• go

• wake •

see

• start

2 want

..

...

• w

ish • drin

k

• sleep •

speak •

travel •

kick

• help

3

work

...

• stand •

li

v

e

• kiss •

catch

• finish

• chat

4

miss

.

...

5 play

...

Isl

...

wants

,

.

..

.

..

.

...

.

...

.

...

.

... .

6

fly

...

7

dance

...

.

...

Irzl

..

misses

, ...

.

...

.

...

.

....

.

...

.

...

,

.... .

8

catch

...

9

go

...

_Izl ~ knows, ...... . 10

t

ry

...

3 This

is

the bedroom of twin

sisters, Georgia and Katie

.

Ask and answer questions about the twins' habits

and hobbies,

as in

the example

.

~ Does

Georgia like dancing?

~ Yes, she does.

6 ...

Georgia like eating

fru

it? ... ..

2 ... th

e twins

watch TV

in bed?

... .

7 ... t

he

twins go

to school?

... .

3 ... K

at

i

e play football?

... ..

8 ...

Georgia

play the piano

? ...

..

4 ... th

e twins have a tid

y

room?

... ..

9 ..

..

... K

atie like taking photographs

?

...

..

5 ... Kat

ie like reading books?

....

.

...

.

(5)

Present Simple

'!!!!"

4

Read the examples. Match the tenses in bold to their uses. Make one more sentence for each use.

[ill]

She works as a bank clerk.

[ill

He usually eats out on Sundays.

[IT]

The Earth goes round the sun.

ffiJ

She calls her friends every day.

[IT]

Hens lay eggs.

cm

The plane to London takes off at 6:00 am.

[iD

Johnson crosses and passes the ball to Walcott.

[IT]

Angelina Jolie acts superbly in Tomb Raider.

cm

When Little Red Riding Hood sees the wolf,

she gets scared.

5

Complete the exchanges with the present simple of the verbs in brackets.

A: ~ Do you want (you/want) to go to the theatre?

B: I'm sorry, but I ... . (not/like) the theatre. I think it's boring. 2 A: Your father ... .

(not/know) about his surprise birthday party tonight, right?

B: No, he ... (think) we are taking him to a restaurant.

3 A: Sarah ... (catch) the bus to school every day.

B: Why? ... (shellive) far from her school?

4 A: Peter

...

(chat) with Kathy on the phone every day!

B

:

Yes. They

...

(not/live) near each other, so it's the only way to stay in touch.

5 A: Where

...

....

...

....

..

.

....

.

...

(you/hang out) with your friends?

B

:

We usually

...

.

...

(go) to the park.

6 A: What time

...

....

..

...

(the trainlleave)?

B

:

At six o'clock. We need to hurry.

a permanent state b review c timetable d narrations e sports commentary f general truth g law of nature h repeated action routine

6

a) Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple. What does Emma do?

Emma 1) ~ lives (live) in London. She 2) ... .. (love) the hustle and bustle of the city centre and the exciting nightlffe. Emma 3) ... (work) in one of London's most famous hotels near Oxford Street. She 4) ... (start) work at 9:30 am every day. Each morning, she 5) ... (catch) the 8:30 am train from her house to the city centre. Emma 6) ... (help) guests check in and she 7) ... (answer) any questions they have. She really 8) ... (love) her job because she 9) ... (meet) new people every day. Emma 10) ... (finish) work at 6 pm. In the evenings, she 11) ... (meet) her friends and they 12) ... (go) to the cinema or the theatre .

b) In pairs ask and answer, as in the example. ~ A: Where does Emma live?

(6)

Present Simple

7

Complete the sentences in such a way as to make the statements true. Use don't/doesn't where necessary.

1 Potatoes ~ don't grow (grow) on trees.

2

Polar bears ... (live) in Africa. 3 Yogurt ... (come) from milk. 4 Water ... (boil) at O"c, 5 Rain ... (fall) from clouds. 6 Giraffes ... (eat) leaves. 7 Dolphins ... (walk) on land. SCows ... (lay) eggs.

8

Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple.

Tom 1) ~ is (be) at a soccer training camp in '1 Th' 2) (give) him the Brazl . IS camp ... .

chance to play with some of the top Brazilian youth players. He and his team 3) ... (have) two group training sessions - one in the morning and one in the afternoon. They also 4) ... (get) instructions from some of Brazil's best coaches! In . h 5) (watch) 1V or they the evening, t

ey

...

.

6) ... (play) board games. At the weekend, they 7) ... (compete) with football teams from around the country. Tom 8) ... .. (learn) a lot of things at this training camp. He 9) ... (love) playing football and he 10) ... (enjoy) being there so much that he 11) ... (not/want) to leave!

9

Read the fact file about Nathan. Write questions and answers, as in the example.

Name:

Age:

35

..c.c·· .... · .. · ... ·· .. · .. · ... · ... 1 Home:

Job: ...

r.ep

'J. r.t.

e."

J':'!e. Po.

ily../I'(!I':'L . Free time surfs the .Yel. meels activities: friends, plays golf Favourite

clothes: .je.a..rz~

..

a.

.

n

.

"...r

:.

s.h..ir.!s

...

.

. .

Nathan/live/ Edinburgh?

~ A: Does Nathan live in Edinburgh? B: No, he doesn't. He lives in London.

2 he/be/30 years old? 3 he/work/The Daily News? 4 he/play tennis/in free time?

5

he/like/wearing suits?

1 O

Use the phrases to ask and answer questions

about Ted, as in the example. what time/Ted/get up? (7:30) ~ What time does Ted get up?

He gets up at 7:30.

2 he/have breakfast/every morning? (yes) 3 what time/he catch the train to work? (8:15) 4 he/ever/stay late/at work? (yes)

5 he/work/on Saturdays? (no)

6 what/he/do/in his free time? (hang out with friends)

11

Write five sentences, either general truths or laws of nature. Your partner guesses which of your sentences are correct. ~ A: Elephants eat meat.

B: Wrong! Elephants don't eat meat. They eat grass.

(7)

1 Adverbs of Frequency

Use

Adverbs of frequency show us how often something happens. They answer the question How often ...

?

We often use adverbs of

frequency with the present simple. "How often does Sally walk to school?" "Always. She always walks to school."

Adverbs of Frequency always 100% usually 75% often 50% sometimes 20% rarely/seldom 10% never 0%

We use adverbs of frequency: • before the main verb.

Ken never goes to the cinema on his own. • after the auxiliary verbs be, have and

Alex and Sue often study in the library.

do, and modal verbs such as can, will, must, etc. Her children are always so polite and well-behaved! Dr Smith doesn't usually see patients on Sundays. We must always obey the lows.

Note: The adverbs rarely, seldom and never have a negative meaning and they are never used with the word not.

Tania rarely stays up after midnight. (NOT: Tania GgesA't rerell' stay ...

J

Peter is a vegetarian, he never eats meat.

(NOT: ... he gg@&R't ,:JE?VE?r eat ... )

Make sentences, as in the example. Use the adverbs of frequency from the key.

7 We/visit/our cousins (.)

8 Phillip/doesn't send/emails/his friends ( • • • )

KEY

sometimes

••

always usually often

•••••

••••

•••

rarely/seldom • never 0

Alice/get good grades/school ( • • • • • ) ~ Alice always gets good grades at school. 2 Mrs Peters/can/find/place to park her car/outside

her house (0)

3 Jenny/play basketball/Sundays ( • • • )

4 Alex/is/late/school ( •• )

5 They/go/shopping/Saturdays ( • • • • )

6 you/get up/8:00 am in the morning? ( • • • • • )

2

Put the adverbs of frequency in the correct place in the sentences.

He takes us out to dinner. (often) ~ He often takes us out to dinner.

2 Does Sam ride his bike to school? (usually) 3 We don't enjoy the peace and quiet of the

countryside. (always)

4 My parents work at the weekend. (never) 5 I meet my friends at an Internet cafe.

(sometimes)

6 Jim goes to the theatre. (seldom)

7 Our teacher doesn't give us homework. (always) 8 He is late for work. (sometimes)

(8)

10 Adverbs of Frequency

3

Tick (,I) the appropriate Bap in the sentences below to show the correct position of the

adverb of frequency,

as in the eXilmple. 1 Alan can ~ ,I score ... a Boal when we play

football. (never)

2 Do they ... BO ... jOBging in the morning? (always)

3 Chris ... goes ... to the supermarket on Saturday. (rarely)

4 Does Liana ... finish work ... at 3 0' clock? (usually)

5 The postman ... doesn't ... come in the morning. (always)

6 My mother ... has ... " a snack at noon. (often) 7 Our cat ... " likes ... to sleep on our bed.

(sometimes)

8 Aunt Mary ... can ... understand how to use a computer! (never)

4

Put the words into the correct order to form sentences.

1 practice / Jack/football/ misses/ never ~

Jack never misses football practice.

2 you/often/films/watch/do?

3 to/does/father / drive/my / always/ work/ not

4 outlGeorge/late/sometimes/stays

5 breakfast/she/ coffee/has/ atlseldom

6 my/forgetlto/always/setll/alarm clock

7 rarely /six/the/ John/up/morning/ atl gets/in 8 Sundays/not/wake/ early /on/they/up/usually /do

5

Write true sentences about yourself or your family, usinB

adverbs of frequency

.

1 ~

I always have breakfast

in the morning. 2 ... at the weekend. 3 ...•... " ...•... ". in the evening. 4 ... on Sundays. 5 ...•...• " ..•... ". in the summer.

6

Ask your partner about his/her habits. Use

adverbs of frequency.

Tell the class. How often do you ..• ?

• wash the dishes • listen to music • cook dinner • watch TV • play sports • go to the cinema • see your friends • eat chocolate • buy magazines • go shopping • use a computer • eat out

~

Mary sometimes washes the dishes.

She rarely cooks dinner.

7

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words.

The Smiths always get up late a~ thE:

weekend

.

~

The Smiths never get up early at the weekend.

2 What's your father's job?

What ... do? 3

Brian

doesn't ever forget to feed his cat.

Brian always ... " ... " ... " ... . his cat.

4 Rose and Jack don't travel abroad very often. Rose and Jack rarely ... " ... . abroad.

8

Correct the mistakes. 1 Tina ~ her hair every day.

~

Tina washes her hair every day.

2 Do you watch TV always

in

the evenings? 3 lan don't know anything about the party.

4 Betty doesn't likes fish.

5 Does she work late? Yes, she do.

6 Do they lives in Madrid?

7 Tom doesn't sleep early usually.

(9)

Question Words

We use the following question words to ask about people, places, things, etc.

1

• People: who/whose

Who delivers the post to the office? The postman does.

Whose car is that? Jim's. • Things: what/which

What is used alone or before a noun to ask about things. What books do you like? Science fiction. (What? - There are many books to choose from.) Which is used alone, or before nouns, one/ones or of, to ask about people, animals or things. Which is normally used when there is only a limited choice of answers. Which T-shirt is yours, the blue one or the red one? The blue one. (Which of the two? - limited choice)

• Place: where

Where is he taking us for dinner? To

a new restau

rant by the sea.

• Time: when/how long (ago)/how often/ what time

When does the play start? At 8:00 pm, I think. How long are you staying? One more hour.

How often do you go surfing?

Every weekend in the summer months. What time do your English lessons start? At 4:00pm.

Choose the correct item.

... do we need to make a cake?

A Where

®

What CHow

2 ... stars in The Pirates of the Caribbean?

A Who B When C Why

3 ... is your school from your house?

A How much B How long C How far

4 ... does Sue always carry an umbrella with her?

A Which B Why C Who

5 .•.... is that pen?

A Whose B Who C What

Where is Susan? She's in the kitchen. What is she doing? She's making a salad.

• Quantity: how much

How much sugar do you put in your coffee? Not much.

• Number: how many

How many people are at this party?

About a hundred!

• Manner: how

How is Alex getting to Italy? By plane.

• Reason: why Why is Helen so sad?

Because she misses her friends. • Age: how old

How old is your brother? Thirty·seven.

• Distance: how far

How far is your house from the beach? About half a mile.

6 ... does Ken hang out with his friends?

A Whose B What C Where

7 ... do they eat out?

A How often B How many C How long

8 ... do the summer holidays begin?

A Whose B Who C When

9 How ... times do I need to tell you?

A much B many Clang

10 ... does Sylvia travel abroad?

(10)

Question Words

2

Write questions to which the words in bold are the answers.

Pierre is 1) 30 years old. He comes from 2) Paris, France. but he now lives in london. 3) because he has a very good job

there as 4) a computer programmer. His work is very close to his house. so 5) he walks to the office every day. Pierre likes doing many things but his favourite hobby is 6) bungee jumping. He is a member of the UK Bungee Club, and 7) every second Saturday they go to Berkshire to practise their favourite sport. Pierre also jogs 8) for 30 minutes before he goes to work every morning. His favourite singer is 9) Britney Spears and his birthday is on 10) 16th _August.

1 How ~ old is Pierre?

2 Where ... ? 3 Why ... ? 4 ... ? 5 ... ? 6 ... ?

7 ...

..

...

? 8 ... ? 9 ... ? 10 ... ?

3

Fill in: where, how old, what, who, how long, why, how many, when, how, whose, how much, how often, what time, how far or which. 1 ~ Which bag is yours? The brown one. 2 ... is your dog's name? Rex. 3 ... does your dad wash his car?

Every Sunday.

4 ... phone number is this? It's John Smith's.

5 ... does Helen come back from work? At six.

6 ... is it to the station? About five minutes' walk.

7 ... lemons do we need to make lemonade? Ten are enough.

8 ...

...

can I find information about lions? On the Internet.

9 ... is our new geography teacher? Mrs Collins.

10 ... is David? He's twenty-three.

11 ... can we get to the museum? Take the number 23 bus.

12 ... does it take Christina to drive to work? Almost half an hour.

13 ... do you need a new TV? Because myoid one doesn't work.

14 ...

is your mother's birthday? On 20th _July.

15 ... milk do we need? Two bottles.

4

Complete the sentences with the correct question word(s).

1 A: ~ Where are my books? B: On the table.

2 A: ... do you take your dog for a walk? B: Twice a day.

3 A: ... does Stephen do in his free time? B: He reads books.

4 A: ... is it from here to the stadium? B: About two kilometres.

5 A: ... is your grandmother? B: She's eighty-two.

6 A: ... do you make model aeroplanes? B: It's easy. Follow the instructions on the box!

7 A: .. ... is your house from the bus stop? B: 10 minutes on foot.

8 A: ... does Pete live? B: In Barcelona.

(11)

5

Fill in the gaps with the correct question word(s). Then choose the correct answer to each question.

~ Where is England? A In western Europe B In northern Europe

©

In north-western Europe

2 ... is the capital of England? A Edinburgh

B London ( Liverpool

3 ... is the Queen of England? A Queen Elizabeth 11

B Queen Sophia ( Queen Mary

4 ... many official languages are there in England?

A One B Two (Four

5 ... is the currency of England? A Euros B Pounds ( Dollars

6

Fill in: what or which.

1 ... colour hair has she got? Brown.

2 ... shall we do this weekend? Let's go to the beach.

3 ... shoes do you like, the brown ones or the black ones? The brown ones.

4 ...•.. is your bike? The blue one. 5 ... is the capital of Egypt? (airo.

Question

Words

.--.!!"

7

Fill in: what (x2), who, how (x2), how old. A: Good morning, sir. 1) ~ How can I help you?

B: Good morning. I'm looking for a birthday present for my son. A: Certainly. 2) ... are you looking for? B: A pair of trainers. Can you suggest a brand?

A: Of course. 3) ... is your son? B: Fifteen.

A: Well, Nike and Adidas are very popular with teens. 4) ... . sport does your son play?

B: Football.

A: And 5) ... is his favourite football player? B: It's Fabio (annavaro.

A: Well, Cannavaro wears Nike. Let's look at Nike. B: OK.

A: 6) ... about these red Nike shoes? B: Yes. They look great. I'll take them.

Speak

in

g

In pairs, ask and answer questions to complete the questionnaire about your partner.

We want to keep giving you the best service we can! Help us by taking a moment to tiff in our questionnaire,

Gender: M

0

F

0

Age: 10-15

0

16-20

0

21-25

0

Over 25

0

Occupation: ... ,"""'" ... ..

I buy COs: every week

0

every month

0

once/twice a year

0

I like reading music magazines because:

- I prefer to buy music: online

0

at a shop

0

- I like listening to: pop

0

rock

0

jazz

0 Thtlnk '()u for helpin usl

~ A: How old are you?

(12)

Pronouns/Possessive Adjectives

Personal Subject Pronouns

Singular Plural we you you he she they it Object Pronouns Singular Plural me us you you him her them it Possessive Adjectives Singular Plural my our your your his her their its Possessive Pronouns Singular mine yours his hers

•

Plural ours yours theirs

We use personal subject pronouns before verbs as subjects, instead of the name of a person or a noun. Where's Ben? He's outside. (NOT: 8eR is outside.)

We use object pronouns after verbs or prepositions as objects. I know Sue and Kelly very well. I meet them at the park every weekend.

• Possessive adjectives show:

This is Bill. He is five years old. David and Laura are his parents. They are teachers. Bill has got a ball. It's his ball. It is white.

a) that something belongs to somebody. b) the relationship between two or more

people.

He is our grandfather.

• Possessive adjectives are followed by nouns.

This is my car.

Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to somebody. Possessive pronouns are not followed by nouns.

Compare: That is their bike. (possessive adjective) That bike is theirs. (possessive pronoun) Note: There is no possessive pronoun for

'

it'

.

Note: its = possessive adjective it's = it is or

it has

We want to buy that house but its bedrooms are too small.

It's (It is) very cold today. It's (It has) got four legs.

(13)

Pronouns/Possessive

Adjectives

1

1 2 3 4

5

6 7 8

Complete the sentences with personal or

possessive pronouns.

Write 5 (subject pronoun),

o

(object pronoun) or P (possessive pronoun). Look at Emma, doesn't ~ she look

happy today? ~S

My sister and I love it when our mum makes pancakes for ...

This isn't my skirt. It's Ann's. This skirt is ... .

I can't find my keys. I don't remember where I put ... .

Do you see that girl over there? ... is my sister.

I'm baking a cake for them because ... love my cakes.

I'm phoning you because ... need to tell you something important! This is her car. This car is ........

2

Fill in the correct

subject

or

object pronoun

.

1 A: Can you and Emma take Ben with you?

B: Yes, of course ~ we can take ~ him with

~ us.

2 A: Do you like seafood, Nathan? B: Yes, ... like ... a lot! 3 A: Does Sally like vegetables?

B: No, ... doesn't like ... very much.

4 A: Do you see Katie and Rachel often, Claire? B: Yes. . ... see ... almost every day

because ... all go to the same school.

5 A: Do you know much about Greek and Roman history?

B: Actually, ... am learning about ... in my history class at the moment!

6 A: Where's Tom? ... isn't in his room. B: ... went out with Laura ... will be

back in an hour.

7 A: Do you listen to rap music?

B: Yes, ... listen to ... all the time. ... think ... .'s fantastic.

3

Fill in the correct possessiv'

e adjective!

pronoun

.

A: Do you know Patty? She's ~ my sister.

B

:

You have a very pretty sister!

2 A: Is this book Philip's?

B: Yes, ... name is on the first. page.

3 A: Why does Christina need a new phone? B: Because .. ... old one doesn't. work any

more.

4 A: Where do you and your wife usually go on holiday? B: To ... house in the countryside.

5

A: My grandparents live on the same street as you. B: Is the house with the lovely garden ... "

4

Fill in: its or it's. 1 I'm staying at home today as ~ it's cold outside. 2 Let's eat here ... my favourite restaurant. 3 Budapest is famous for beautiful buildings. 4 Their house has ... own swimming pool. 5 ... a nice day today! Let's go for a walk. 6 Isn't Nicola's pet rabbit beautiful! ... fur is

so white.

Speaking

Imagine you are a magazine reporter

interviewing a famous person. In pairs, ask and answer questions about his!her daily routine. Use the question words: what, when, how, where, etc.

~ A: What time do you get up? B: I usually get up at 8:00 am.

Writing

Use the answers from the Speaking activity to write a short article about the famous person's daily routine.

(14)

Present Continuous

Form subject + to be + verb -ing Affirmative

Negative Interrogative

I'm talking, He's/She'sllt's talking, We're/You're/They're talking I'm not talking, He/She/It isn't talking, We/You/They aren't talking Am I talking?, Is he/she/it talking?, Are we/you/they talking? Short Answers

Spelling

Yes, I am. No, I'm not.

• Most verbs add -ing to the base form of the main verb.

eat - eating, work - working, sleep - sleeping

• Verbs ending in -e drop the -e and take -ing.

take - taking, drive - driving

• Verbs ending in a vowel and a

consonant, double the consonant and add -ing.

plan - planning, shop - shopping • Verbs ending in -ie change the -ie to

-y and add -ing. die - dying

Time expressions used with the present continuous: now, at the moment, at present, these days, tomorrow, next week, etc

Yes, he/she/it is. Yes, we/you/they are. No, he/she/it isn't. No, we/you/they aren't.

Use

We use the present continuous:

• for actions taking place now, at the moment of speaking, or for temporary actions, that is actions that are going on around now, but not at the actual

moment of speaking.

Jane is studying for her exams this week. (temporary action) Now, she is sending an email to her penfriend. (action happening now)

• for fixed arrangements in the near future.

They are leaving for London in an hour by train.

• for changing or developing situations.

More and more animals are losing their habitat due to " deforestation.

• with always for actions which happen very often, usually to express annoyance, irritation or anger.

He is a/ways biting his nails. (annoyance)

(15)

1

Put the verbs in brackets into the

present

continuous

.

Which sentence describes:

• a temporary action • an action happening now • a changing situation • a fixed arrangement • annoyance

1 Tom ~ is washing (wash) his car in the drive now.

2 I ... (not/study) hard this month.

3 ... (Mum/cook) dinner?

4 The children ... ..

(play) football in the garden. 5

(you/watch) TV?

6 The Earth ... (get) hotter and hotter.

7

~u ... .

(always/read) my newspaper.

S Cathy ... (have) a party today. 9 ... (they/fly) to Athens

tomorrow?

10 You ... .

(always/interrupt) me when I'm talking.

Present Continuous

2

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

chi ldren / pizza / are / eating / the? ~ Are the children eating pizza? 2 seeing/tonight/l/am/friends/my

3 notl coming/ Kate/tonightlis/us/with 4 he/whatlis/reading?

5 Peter /studying/ not/ now lis

6 are/ atlnow /supermarketlthey /shopping/the 7 itlgetting/and/is/warmer/warmer

S forgetting/you/always/the bill/are/to pay 9 bigger / growing/ cities/ are/ and/ bigger

10 next Saturday/married/are/they/getting

3

Look at the picture and correct the sentences, as in the example. Use the phrases below • • watch TV • chat on the phone • eat a sandwich • drink a cup of tea • make model planes

Mrs Jones is cooking. ~ No, she isn't. She's chatting on the phone.

2 Jack and John are doing their homework ... . 3 Grandmother is sleeping ... .. 4 Mary is listening to music ... : ... .

(16)

Present Continuous

4

Read Derek's agenda. In pairs ask and answer questions, as in the example.

10:00 am 1:00 pm 4:00 pm 6:00 pm see dentist go to the supermarket watch a basketball game go to karate lesson

play tennis with John

6

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the verbs: do, study, go, have, play.

Tony. Meet me outside cinema at 7:30 today. Dad, I'm at supermarket with Mum. TOrLY

FOOTBALL

Come

to

my party

To: Tony Date: Sunday 3rd March Place: 7 Apple Street

Time: 8:30

-""

~

From: Jane ~

----LEAR

N

SPANI

SH

8:00 pm meet Debbie for

SAT 4

:

30

dirLner

-

--

---_____ ...

-1

1 Tony ... Spanish. - 2 He ... tothe 1 see/dentist/Saturday/10:00 am?

~ A: Is Derek seeing the dentist on Saturday at 10:00 am?

B: No, he isn't. He's seeing the dentist on Monday at 10:00 am.

2 go to /karate lesson/Monday/10:00 am? 3 go to/supermarket/Saturday/1:00 pm? 4 play tennis/with John/Monday/4:00 pm?

5

watch/basketball game/Saturday/6:00 pm? 6 meet/Debbie/for dinner/Monday/8:00 pm?

5

Answer the questions in the negative, as in the example. Use your own ideas.

Are you writing a letter?

~ No, I'm not. I'm doing my homework.

2 Is your friend having a party on Saturday? 3 Is your dad reading a book now?

4 Are your parents flying to Paris tomorrow? 5 Is your mother doing the washing-up now? 6 Are you seeing your friends tonight?

cinema tonight.

3 Tony and his mum ... .. ... the shopping now. 4 He ... football at 4:30.

5

Jane ... a birthday

party on Sunday.

7

Look at the pictures and find the differences. • have a sandwich • work on laptop 0 read magazine 0 talk on mobile 0 watch TV

o sunbathe 0 play board game • swim in pool

~ In picture A Claire is working on her laptop. In picture B she is watching TV,

(17)

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

The present simple is used:

• for permanent states, repeated actions or daily routines.

She works as a nurse.

(permanent state)

She looks after patients.

(routine)

• for general truths and laws of nature.

Hurricanes happen when oceans get warm during summer months.

(general turth)

• for timetables (trains, planes, etc) and

programmes.

The plane to London takes off at 8:00 am. (timetable)

• for sports commentaries, reviews or narrations. a) Lewis dribbles the ball

and passes it to Davis.

(sports commentary) b) Laura Hunt acts

superbly in the film. (review)

c) So, the prince tells her ... (narration)

Time expressions used with the

present simple: always, usually, etc, every day/week/month/year, etc, on Mondays/Tuesdays, etc, in the morning / afternoon/evening, at night/the weekend, etc

The present continuous is used:

• for actions happening now, at the moment of speaking, or for temporary actions, that is actions that are going on around now, but not at the actual moment of speaking.

John is working hard these

_===--days. (temporary action /

action happening around the time of speaking)

Right now he's sleeping.

(action happening around the time of speaking)

• with always for actions which happen very often, usually to express -"""'-annoyance, irritation or

anger.

She's always talking on the phone. (annoyance)

• for actions that we have already arranged to do in the near future,

especially when the time and place have been decided.

Melanie is flying to Madrid in an hour. (fixed

arrangement)

• for changing or developing situations.

Polar ice caps are melting due to global warming.

(changing situation)

TIme expressions used with the present

continuous: now, at the moment, these days, at present, tonight, nowadays, still, etc

(18)

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

1

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences 1-6. Use the verbs below •

• make • play • wash • watch • water • cycle

1 It's Sunday morning. Tom ~ ;s

w

atering

the plants. He usually ~

w

aters

the plants every Sunday morning.

2 It's Saturday morning. Kellyand Peter ... .. ... their dog. They usually ... their dog at weekends. 3 It's 6 o'clock in the evening and Jack ... .. dinner. He usually ... dinner in the evenings.

4 It's 7 o'clock in the evening. The Smiths ... TV. They ... .. TV every evening.

5 It's Tuesday afternoon and Philip and Tom

.. ... tennis. They usually .... . .. ... tennis on Tuesday afternoons. 6 It's Sunday morning. Eric ... .

He usually ... at weekends.

2

Identify the tenses in bold, then match them to their description.

IT:I:EJ

Kangaroos don't live in France.

~

present simple

[IT]

Alex and Melanie are flying to 3ris next Saturday ... .

[l[J

The train to Manchester leaves at 7:00 pm.

GIJ

Does Sally walk to school every day?

~

You're always telling lies!

ru

Frank is living in Rome at the moment.

[ICJ

Her French is getting better.

[IT]

Daniel Radcliffe plays the part of Harry Potter ... ..

a sports commentary, review or narration b repeated action

c fixed arrangement in the near future d temporary situation

e timetable or programme f changing or developing situation

g expressing annoyance about a frequently repeated action

(19)

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

3

Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous.

George ~ lives (live) in Scotland but at the moment he ~ is staying (stay) in Spain.

2 Tony usually ... .

(play) basketball with his friends at the weekend,

but this Sunday they ... (go) to the cinema.

3 Lesley often ... (stay) at the office until late in the evening, but today she ... ..

(leave) early.

4 Martha usually ... (drive) to work in the morning, but today it ... (snow) so she ... (take) the train. 5 Susan ... (clean) her house on Saturdays, but this Saturday she ... . (visit) her grandmother.

6 Derek ... (finish) work at 5:00 and ... (go) home, but tonight he ... (have) dinner with his friends.

4

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present simple or present continuous.

A: ~ Are you working (you/work) this afternoon? B: No, I ... (go) to the cinema.

... (you/want) to come?

2 A: ... (Tommy/sleep) ?

B: No, he ... (play) in his room.

3 A: ... (you/do) anything tonight?

B: Yes. I ... (meet) Carol for dinner at 8 o'clock.

4 A: Why ... ..

(Tomllook) so tired?

B: He ... (work) long hours.

5 A:

(Jane/talk) on the phone?

B: No, she ... (help) Mum in the kitchen. John ... ..

6 A: How long ... (it/take) to get from here to Los Angeles by plane?

B: Two hours. 7 A: ... (you/go) out tonight? B: No. Steve ... (come) around. 8 A: We ... (go) on holiday next week. B: That's nice. Where ... .. (you/go)?

5

Fill in with the present simple or present continuous. Chloe: Hi, Emma!

Emma: Hello, Chloe. Where 1) " are you calling (you/call) from?

Chloe: I 2) ... (be) in Rome at the moment. Emma: 3) ... (you/enjoy)

yourself?

Chloe: Yes, 14) ... (love) it here.

Emma: When 5) ... (you/come) home?

Chloe: Next Monday and I 6) ... .

(need) you to do me a favour.

Emma: What is it?

Chloe: I 7) ... (want) you to pick me up from the airport.

Emma: Oh! You 8) ... ..

(always/ask) me for favours! I 9) ... ..

... (get) tired of it.

Chloe: I know, I'm sorry! It's the last time. I promise. Emma: All right. What time,10) ... .

... (your plane/arrive) in London? Chloe: It 11) ... (leave) Rome at 11 o'clock and 12) ... ..

(land) in London at 2 o'clock. Emma: OK. See you on Monday then.

(20)

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

6

Read the following extracts and put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous. Then, say what use of these

A

tenses each extract shows.

These days, it seems like our environment 1) ~ is changing

(change). Air

pollution levels 2) ... (rise) rapidly, the climate 3) ... (get) warmer every year,

I

more and more forests 4) ... ..

(disappear) because of fires and many wild animals 5) ... (lose) their natural

habitats and 6) ... (become) extinct.

1 .

-B

This I) ... (be) a great action film! The actors 2) ... (give) a brilliant performance. The special effects and computer graphics 3) ... .

(be) spectacular. The story 4) ... (begin) when two young men 5) ... (discover) a buried treasure ....

C

... Here 1) . a chance for the

Newton Lakers to tie the game. Gordon

2) . .. (have) the

ball and 3) . (pass) it to Rogers. Rogers 4) ...

(shoot) the ball and it

5) ... (sail) through the

basket! And there 6) ... (go) the whistle. Time out!

/ . - - - -

-

-7

Circle the mistake (A or B) and then correct it as in the example.

~ have

1 We usually ha® g English lessons on Tuesdays.

A

B

2 Most days, Kevin is getting a lift to school. Today

A

he's taking the bus.

B

3 I fly to Rome tonight. I'm leaving for the airport

A

B

in an hour.

4 Are you cooking dinner every night or do you

A B

sometimes order a takeaway?

5 Mike comes to school at 8 o'clock every day but

A

today he is being early.

B

8

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present continuous or present simple.

Dear Sarah,

I 1) ~ am writing (write) from

the wonderful city of London! Sally and I

2)

...

(stay) in a nice hotel near the city centre. The

weather here 3) ... (be) great. The sun 4) ... .

(shine). We 5) ... .

(spend) most of the day sightseeing around London: Right noW we 6) ... (sit) at a

cafe

in Leiceste'r Square.

In

...

(drink) a

delicious cappuccino and Sally 8) ... ..

(eat) a sandwich. This

afternoon,

we 9) ... ..

(go) shopping in Oxford Street and then we 10) ... (visit) Buckingham Palace. Tonight, we 11) ... (have) dinner

in Soho.

I 12) ... (love) it here and 13) ... (not/want) to leave!

Love,

(21)

Present Simple vs Present

Continuous

9

Underline the correct item.

Peter and Nancy are going to the cinema every Monday/tonight.

2 Usa has piano lessons on Tuesdays/now.

3 Does Lucy usually/at present wake up early at the weekend?

4 Sometimes/At the moment he is working on the computer.

5

Betty goes to the gym tomorrow/twice a week. 6 Helen always/at present starts work at 9 o'clock.

7 Tracey doesn't eat breakfast today/every morning. S Helen isn't studying in her room nowt at night.

10

Put the verbs in brackets into the

present

simple

or

present continuous.

Claire Henderson 1) ~ lives (live) in London with her mum, dad, brother and sister. Every morning, she 2) ... (leave) home at 8 o'clock and she 3) ... (take) the bus to school. Her bus 4) ... (come) at exactly 8: t 0 and school 5) ... (start) at 8:30. She usually 6) ... (get) back home from school at 3:30 in the afternoon and 7) ... (do) her homework. In the evenings, she 8) ... (often/watch) TV for an hour or two and 9) ... (go) to bed at

to

o'clock. At the weekend, she 10) ... (enjoy) hanging out with her friends.

Tomorrow, Claire 11) ... (have) her birthday party. At the moment, she 12) ... .. (shop) for a new outfit with her mum. Her mum

13) ... (get) angry because Claire can't decide what to buy.

Everyone 14) ... (help) with the party. Her sister 15) ... .. (organise) the food because she

16) ... (like) cooking. Her brother 17) ... (have) lots of COs so he 18) ... .. (sort out) the music. Claire 19) ... (want) everyone

to have a good time.

11

Circle the correct item.

Paul ... breakfast at the moment. A doesn't have B has

©

is having 2 ... listening to jazz music?

A Does she enjoy B Does she enjoys C Is she enjoying

3 Nancy and Stella usually ... hiking at the weekend.

A are going B goes C go

4 I ... the dentist on Monday.

A see B am seeing C sees

5

Is David ... in the library now?

A study B studies C studying

6 My mother ... home from work at 5 pm every day,

A get B gets C is getting

7 Is Steve ... his doctor this morning?

A seeing B see C sees

S Beth usually .... karate lessons on Tuesdays.

A has B is having C have

12

Complete the second sentence so that it

means the same as the first. Use up to three words.

1 Do you have any plans for this Sunday? What ~

are you planning

to do this Sunday? 2 Tommy has English lessons on Tuesday, Wednesday

and Friday.

Tommy has English lessons ... .

a week.

3 Heather is in a pink top and a white skirt. Heather ... , .. , ... , .. , ... .

a pink top and a white skirt.

4 Philip has an appointment with the dentist on Monday.

Philip ... the dentist on Monday.

5 Bill doesn't ever eat fish.

(22)

24 Present Simple vs Present Continuous

Stative

verbs

Stative

verbs are verbs which do not normally have continuous

tenses

because they describe a state rather than an action. These include:

• verbs which

express likes and dislikes: like

,

love, hate

,

dislike

,

enjoy, prefer, etc.

Kate likes pop music.

• verbs

of perception: believe, know, notice, remember, forget

,

recognise,

understand, realise,

seem,

think, etc

.

I

don't understand what he's saying.

• verbs

of senses: see, hear

,

feel, taste, look, smell

,

sound.

We often

use can or could

with

these

verbs when we

refer

to what we see,

hear, etc at the moment of speaking.

The pie tastes delicious.

Lisa must be at home

.

I can see her car parked outside

.

• some other

verbs:

be

,

contain, fit

,

include, matter, need

,

belong

,

cost, owe, mean, own

,

appear, want, have

(=

possess)

,

etc.

Julie wants to become

a

lawyer

.

Laura

is

smelling the

roses

.

They smell nice

.

Some stative verbs have continuous tenses, but there is a difference in meaning

.

Study the following examples:

• I think she's French.

(=

believe)

I'm thinking about going

on

holiday.

(=

am

considering)

• The soup tastes really good

.

(=

has a really good

flavour)

She's tasting the soup to see if it has enough

salt.

(=

is testing the flavour of)

• I can see the children playing

in

the garden.

(=

perceive

with

my eyes)

I'm seeing

Jim

this afternoon.

(=

am meeting)

• Sue loaks really well!

(=

appears)

Mandy

is

looking

at

some photos

.

(=

is studying)

Some idioms

with

have include:

have

breakfast/lunch

/

dinner, etc

a bath

/

shower

/

swim

/

party

,

etc

a(n)

accident/ex

perience

/

dream

,

etc

a baby

difficulty

/

fun

/

trouble

, etc

• The cake smells nice.

(=

has a nice smell)

The dog

is

smelling its food.

(=

is

sniffing)

• Annie's hair feels like silk

.

(=

has the texture of)

TIna is

feeling the baby's forehead

.

(=

is touching)

• He

is

arrogant.

(character - permanent state)

He

is

being arrogant

.

(behaviour

-

temporary

situation)

• He has

a

beautiful house.

(=

possesses)

He's having breakfast now.

(=

is eating

-

idiom)

Compare the examples:

Jane has got

a

sports car.

(=

possesses)

BUT

Jane

is

having breakfast.

(=

is eating)

(23)

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

13

P~t the verbs in bracke.ts into the present sImple or present contmuous.

1 A: ... (you like) pop music? B: Not really. I ... (prefer)

rock music.

2 A: ... (you/know) where John is?

B: He ... (have) a shower. 3 A: You ... (look) very tired. B: I ... (think) I'll have an early

night tonight.

4 A: What ...•

(you/think) of Jane?

B: She ... (seem) to be a nice girl. 5 A: Who ... .

(this car/belong) to?

B: I ... (think) it's C1aire's.

6 A: How much ... . (this sweater/cost)?

B:

£20,

and it's beautiful. It ... . (feel) very soft.

7 A: You ...•... (look) great. ...•... (you/go) out? B: Yes, John ... (have)

a birthday party.

8 A: I ... .

(not/understand) what you ... .

(mean).

B: That's OK. I'll explain it again.

9 A:

(you/recognise) the man in this picture? B: He ... (look) like Jack,

but I'm not sure.

14

P~t the verbs in bracke.ts into the present SImple or present contmuous.

A: I ... (see) there's a very good film on at the cinema tonight. Would you like to go?

B: Sorry, I can't. I ... (see) an old friend from school tonight.

-2 A: Why ... . (you/taste) the stew?

B: To see if it ... .. (taste) good. I think it ... ..

(need) some more spices.

3 A: ... (Peter/feel) OK? He ... (look) really pale.

B: Yes, I ... (know). I .. ... (look) for the doctor's telephone number now.

4 A: Why ... . (you/smell) the meat?

B: Because it ... .

(smell) strange. I ... (think) it has gone off.

5 A: I ... (think) about taking a week off to go on holiday.

B: I ... (think) that's a good idea. you ... .. (need) some rest.

6 A: How nice! You ... . (have) a new computer.

B: Yes, but I ... .

(have) difficulty installing this new program .

7 A: Sam ... (be) usually a very well·behaved boy.

B: Yes, but today he ... .. (be) very naughty.

Speaking

Tell the class about the activities you do at the weekend. What are you doing this weekend?

~ I usually go shopping at the weekend. This weekend I'm going to the seaside.

Writing

(24)

Relative Pronouns and Adverbs

The relative pronouns who/that, whose and which/that, and the relative adverbs where, when and why introduce relative clauses.

Relative Pronouns Relative Adverbs

people who/that place where

objects/animals which/that time when

possessions whose reason why

Relative Pronouns

• We use who/that to refer to people.

The girl who/that is with Tim is his sister Laura. • We use which/that to refer to animals, objects or ideas.

This is the bus which/that goes to Heathrow.

• We use whose with people, objects and animals in order to show possession. This is the man whose daughter is a lawyer.

• We don't use a relative pronoun with another pronoun (I, you, he, him, etc). I know someone who is an actor. (NOT: I know someone who lie is an actor.)

Relative pronouns as subjects or objects

A doctor is someone who treats sick people.

• We cannot omit who/which/that when it is the subject of a relative clause, that is, when there is not a noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb.

• We can omit who/which/that when it is the object of a relative clause, that is, when there is a noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb.

I met a girl. She knows your sister.

I met a girl who/that knows your sister.

Relative Adverbs

That's the car. Bob bought it last month.

That's the car (which/that) Bob bought last month.

• We use when to refer to time. When is used after nouns like time, period, moment, day and summer. It can be replaced by that or omitted.

1991 was the year (when/that) Wendy was born.

• We use where to refer to places. Where is used after nouns like place, house, street, town and country.

This is the hotel where we stay when we travel to London.

• We use why to give reason. Why is used after the word reason. It can be replaced by that or omitted. That's the reason (why/that) he left early.

(25)

Relative Pronouns and

Adverbs

1

Look at the pictures and make sentences, as in the example. Use who, which or where. something/use to take pictures

machine/print from computer \.. animal! live in Australia

L

place/watch a play

~omeone/put out fires

L

washing machine/wash clothes

I...

someone/serve people food and drinks

~ someone/teach children ( something/eat your soup with I place/see wild animals

,~~ ---1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

\. place/athletic events happen

~ A kangaroo is an animal which lives in Australia.

2

Match the phrases to make sentences.

11 c

That's the office building

1

2

The boy

/ 3 Robert is a reporter 4 That is the restaurant

5 That is the woman

6 Is this the film

7 Rome is a city

8 This is the cat 9 This is the child

11

0_/ She'll always remember the day

1

11

1

What's the reason

112

1

a where you can see ancient ruins.

I

b which serves Japanese food.

I

c where my father works.

d whose child is in my class. \

e

in which Brad Pitt stars?

I

f which plays in our garden every day. g who is playing with the toys is Tony.

I

h who works for Zoom Magazine. \

when she graduated.

I

j whose dad is our teacher. k when they got married?

I

(26)

Relative Pronouns and Adverbs

3

Fill in the gaps with who, which or where.

Buckingham Palace, 1) ~ which is located in London, is the official

residence of the Queen of England. It is the ideal place for visitors 2) ... want to learn about British history. It is a place 3) ... you can see many priceless works of art and treasures 4) ... form part ofthe Royal Collection. All year around, the Changing of the Guard,S) ... takes place at the front ofthe palace, is a popular event for tourists 6) ... .. visit the capital. The Palace Garden is a place 7) ... you can see many different species of plants. It has more than 250 rare wild flowers. Visitors can end their tour with a walk along the south side of the garden 8) ... has a splendid view of the famous lake.

Defining - Non-defining Relative Clauses

4

Join the sentences. Use who,

which, where or whose.

1 That is Mr Williams. He is an actor. ~ That is Mr Wil/iams who is

an

actor.

2 This is the train. It goes to Manchester.

3 Tom is the boy. His mother works at a bakery.

4 That's the building. Betty works there . ... .. 5 A penguin is a bird. It can't fly.

6 This is the shop. She bought her sweater there ... .

There are two types of relative clauses: defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses. • A defining relative clause gives necessary

information and is essential to the meaning of the main sentence. We do not put the clause in commas.

The man who/that lives next door is

a

doctor. (Which man? We don't know. The meaning of the sentence is not clear without the relative clause.)

• A non-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence. The clause is put in commas. We cannot omit the relative pronoun. We cannot use that instead of who or which. My aunt He/en, who lives

in

Paris, is

an

artist. ("My aunt Helen is an artist" - the meaning of the sentence is clear.

"who lives in Paris" - the relative clause gives extra information)

(27)

Relative Pronouns and Adverbs

5

Match the phrases to make sentences and add the correct

relative

pronoun or

adverb

.

QJ!J

This is the house

[ID

Alexander Fleming is the man

ITD

Is this the reason

liD

The doctor

ITIJ

Charles Dickens

[![]

The film

[ID

I met a girl

[!IJ

Is she the person

6

Fill in the

relative

pronoun. Put commas where necessary. Write (D) for defining, (ND)

for non·defining, and if the relative pronoun

can be omitted or not.

Mrs James, ~ who lives next door, is a teacher.

2 That's the boy ... sits next

to Kate at school.

3 That house ... is very big belongs to Mr Smith.

4 Have you seen that new film in

... Angelina Jolie stars? 5 I know a girl ... brother is

an artist.

6 Usa ... is the same age as me can swim very well.

7 This necklace ... is very old belonged to a very rich woman.

8 His sister ... is named Laura

is two years younger than him.

9 The film ... was advertised on TV was very interesting.

10 This is the CD ... Pat gave me for my birthday.

11 Tony ... works as a pilot flew to Madrid yesterday.

12 The boy ... is sitting over there is Steven.

13 The man ... just entered the room is Claire's dad. 14 The dress ... you were

wearing yesterday afternoon

was beautiful.

~ ND

(not omitted)

a ... discovered penicillin. b ~ (where) I grew up.

c ... was looking for John?

d ... we watched last night was very boring. e ... name is Lucy.

f ... looked after my dad was very helpful.

g ... books are very popular, died in 1870.

h ... she was upset?

7

Join the sentences using

relative pronouns

.

Which ones can you omit? That's the CD. Ann gave it to me.

~ That's the CD (which/that) Ann gave to me.

2 She lives in a flat. It is on the third floor.

3 Mr Harris is a police officer. He is 35 years old.

4 This is the car. He bought it last May.

5 This is Sue. She is my sister's best friend.

6 That's Antony. His father works as a vet.

7 He works for a company. The company makes

computers.

8 That's Nancy. She got married last week.

9 I met a man. He knows your parents.

10 The police have caught the men. They broke into Mr Smith's flat.

11 This is the cinema. It opened last week.

12 I like the ring. John gave it to you.

13 Kim won the first prize. She's from Hong Kong.

14 Jane bought a painting. It's very expensive.

(28)

Relative Pronouns and Adverbs

8

Fill in the correct relative pronoun or adverb.

If it can be omitted, put it in brackets.

1 The person ~ who/ that gave me this scarf is Lucy.

2 The letter ... she got was from Steven.

3 The car ... Jim bought is very expensive.

4 Mr Smith is the man ... wife is a doctor.

5 That's the CD ... Pat gave me for my birthday.

6 What's the name of the river ... flows through Paris?

7 Is this the hotel ... you spent your holidays?

8 It's very cold. That's the reason ... I'm wearing my coat.

9 The keys are on the table ... you left them.

10 The house ... they live is very big.

11 The car ... is outside our house is Peter's.

12 I can't forget the day ... I first met Harry.

9

Fill in: who, which, whose, where, when or why.

If they can be omitted, put them in brackets. Hi Gemmal

How are you? I'm really busy, but I just thought I'd write and tell you about something really exciting 1) ... happened to me last week. Do you remember Sally, 2) ... party you came with me to last year? Well, I went to a music concert in 3) ...

one of my favourite local bands, 'Shine', were playing last weekend with Sally and her brother, Oave. Anyway, Oave knew someone 4) ... was working backstage. So he invited us to a party 5) ... the band were going to after the concert! We met the whole band, 6) ... was amazing I

About the camping trip - I thought you might like to know the reason 7) ... I can't come. Do you remember the time

8) ... I looked after my neighbour Mrs Brown's dog when she was on holiday? Well, she has asked me to look after him again next weekend and I said yes. Sorry!

Write and tell me all your news,

Briony

10

Complete the sentences so that they are

true about you. Use relative pronouns or

adverbs.

1 The teacher ~ who I like most is Mr Perry. 2 The pet ... ..

3 My favourite CD .... " ... " ... ".

4 The place ... ..

5 ...

was the year ... .

6 The houselflat ... .

7 My uncle ... .

8 I know a man ... ..

9 The football team ... .

10 The actor ... ..

1 1

Complete the second sentence so that it

means the same as the first. Use up to three words.

1 The boy talking to Pam is my cousin.

The boy ~ who is talking to Pam is my cousin. 2 I can't meet you tonight. I'm seeing Jane.

The reason ... .. meet you tonight is that I'm seeing Jane. 3 His flat has a great view of the lake.

He lives in a flat ... great view of the lake.

4 Tony's father is a painter.

That's Tony ... a painter.

5 I must return the money to John.

I must give John back ... he lent me.

Speaking

In pairs, take turns to say the name of a place, a thing or a person. Your partner has to explain what this place/thing is or who this person is.

~ A: cinema

B: A cinema is a place where we can watch a film.

Writing

Make up true sentences about yourself using relative pronouns and adverbs, as in the example.

~ My mother is a kind person who cares about us all.

My school is the place where I see all my friends.

My room is the place where I spend most of my time

Exchange Rate Systems

Virginia Evans

-

Jenny Daaley

s

~~

Contents

Present Simple

I cut -

he cuts

-

he kisses

, I fish

-

he fishes

,

match

-

he matches,

he

mixes, I

go

-

he goes

-

he tries

he pays

he sits

/

1

/

,

/

t

l

/

,

/dY

he catches

he lives

She goes to work by bus.

They usually

go

shopping

Saturdays.

Mary lives

London.

She works at

a

bank.

The sun rises in the east

.

The plane from Moscow arrives

at 6:30

.

"He kicks the ball and passes

to

... "

~

q:;;;;

iU

;::Dlt':.

Brad

Pitt

acts superbly

in

this film

.

"The prince asks her

to

follow

Present Simple

1

Fill in the third person singular

form

of the verbs below.

2

Write the third person singular of the verbs in the correct

box, as in the example

.