Design and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip
Patch Antenna using Metamaterial for Better
Efficiency
Rekha Kumari Bagri
M.Tech scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringGovt. Mahila Engineering College Ajmer(Raj.), India
Santosh Meena
Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering
Govt. Mahila Engineering College Ajmer(Raj.), India
Abstract— This paper show Design and analysis of patch antenna using metamaterial (MTM) structure is proposed for better improvement in the impedance bandwidth and reduction in the return loss at operating frequency 1.98GHz. The proposed antenna is designed on FR-4(lossy) substrate at 50 matching impedance and height from the ground plane d=1.6mm by using CST Software. This paper show comparison between Rectangular microstrip patch antenna alone and Rectangular microstrip patch loaded with metamaterial with enhancement in gain, bandwidth, Directivity and Return loss at same resonant frequency.
Keywords— Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA), Left Handed Metematerials, Return Loss, Directivity, Impedance Bandwidth.
I.INTRODUCTION
Patch antennas have attractive properties including the low profile, light weight, compact and conformable in structure, and easy to be integrated with solid-state devices [2]. Application of a conventional antenna always limited since they are governed by the ‘right hand rule’ which determine how electromagnetic wave should behave. However, a metamaterial substrate offers an alternative solution to a wider antenna applications using the ‘left hand rule’ [3]. Metamaterials are composite materials with unique electromagnetic properties due to the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the finest scale periodicity of conventional materials [4]. The important parameters of any type antenna are impedance bandwidth and return loss. The impedance bandwidth depends on parameters related to the patch antenna element itself and feed used.
II.DESIGNSPECIFICATIONS
The RMPA parameters are calculated from the following formulas. Desired Parametric Analysis “[9-10]” 2.1 Calculation of Width
(1)
Where
are L= 32.441 mm, W= 44.32 mm, Cut Width= 5mm, Cut Depth= 10mm, length of transmission line feed= 26.3mm, with width of the feed= 3mm shown in figure1. The simple RMPA is inspired by metamaterial structure at 1.98GHz.
Table-1 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna parameter Parameter Value Unit thickness of substrate h 1.6 Mm
Fi 10 Mm
Gpf 1 Mm
Lf 26.3 Mm
lenght of substrate 32.441 Mm
Mt 0.1 Mm
W 44.32 Mm
Wf 3.00 Mm
Figure2. S-Parameter Magnitude of Rectangular microstrip patch antenna at 0.56423GHz.
The bandwidth of simple RMPA is 11.29MHz and Returnloss is -2.7456873dB.
Table 2. Metamaterial specification
Parameter Value Unit
thickness of substrate 1.6 Mm
lenght of ring1 72 Mm
lenght of ring3 36 Mm
lenght of solid 1 8 Mm
lengh of substrate 85 Mm
lenght of wire 5 Mm
gap1 66 Mm
lenght of ring2 54 Mm
split wid 1 Mm
width of ring 3 Mm
width of solid 1 18 Mm
width of solid1 2 Mm
gap2 6 Mm
Figure 4. Rectangular microstrip patch antenna with proposed Metamaterial structure.
Simulation result of Return loss and bandwidth of Rectangular microstrip patch antenna loaded with metamaterial structure is shown in Fig 5. The proposed metamaterial structure reduces the return loss by -11.262902dB and increases the bandwidth up to 26.3MHz.
Figure5. Simulation of Return loss and impedance band width of RMPA with proposed Metematerial structure at operating frequency .
The maximum power deliver to rectangular microstrip patch antenna is .46857996 watt . As compared to RMPA alone, maximum power deliver to proposed antenna is increased up to 0.92523303 watt.
Figure7. Delivered power to reduced size RMPA loaded with Metamaterial structure.
Figure 8. Radiation pattern of RMPA at 1.98 GHz showing directivity of 3.104 dBi.
Figure11. Directivity of RMPA loaded with Metamaterial (polar view).
Figure12. Gain of RMPA alone (3D view).
Figure13. Gain of RMPA with Metamaterial structure (3D view).
Figure 14. Smith chart of simple Rectangular microstrip patch Antenna.
Figure15. Smirth chart of RMPA loaded with Metamaterial.
The Smith chart plot represents that how the antenna impedance varies with frequency which is normalized at 50 ohm for perfect matching.
2.5 Nicolson-Ross-Weir Metho
proposed patch antenna is increased up to 6.152 dB at dual band frequency. The directivity of proposed antenna is increased up to 7.190dBi as comparison to directivity of RMPA alone is 3.104dBi. The maximum power deliver to proposed rectangular microstrip patch antenna is 0.92523303watt
V.CONCLUSION
The main drawback of Patch Antenna was less impedance bandwidth. For this purpose, Design and analysis of patch antenna using Metamaterial structure has been proposed and analyzed in this paper. The simulated results provide bandwidth and directivity improvement, which encourages fabricating the structure. In this paper, I have investigated the improvement of the Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna performances using new proposed Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna with Metamaterial Structure. I have shown that left handed Metamaterial improves the gain as well as reduces return loss of this Patch Antenna. The proposed antenna provide the better improvement in the impedance bandwidth and reduction in the return loss at 1.98GHz. The drawback of Patch Antenna was impedance bandwidth. For this purpose, Rectangular microstrip patch antenna loaded with metamaterial structure has been proposed for improving the bandwidth by using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO in this paper.On making some variations in antenna parameter gain can be improved up to desired limit but some practical limitation should be taken care while fabricating the structure on CST- MWS software.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The auther wish to thank their parents for their constant motivation without which this work would have never been completed. The auther are grateful to Dr. Sanjeev Asst. Professor, Gweca, Ajmer for providing us lab facilities to complete this project work. I also express my gratitude towards Dr. Santosh Meena Asst. Professor, Gweca, Ajmer. REFERENCES
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