Second Bull Run-Aug. 1862

Second Bull Run-Aug. 1862

• Lee pushed forward

against Pope

• Invaded Maryland to

get needed supplies

• Began to move north

Antietam-Sept. 1862

• Maryland

• North

• McClellan-N

• Robert E. Lee-S

• The south becomes

offensive

More info

• George McClellan didn’t chase Lee after he

defeated him

• Many times he didn’t take advantage of the

situation…….Lincoln fired him!

• Replaced by Ambrose Burnside

• After this battle(Antietam),

England and France

Emancipation Proclamation

• Issued by Lincoln Jan. 1, 1863 • Said that the slaves were free • It didn’t free any slaves

• Why?

• Only applied to lands the Union controlled

• Border state slaves not freed • Why?

• Symbolic power

– If the south lost, they knew slavery would be done

• They convince Lincoln to make the war about ending slavery • Thaddeus Stevens was one of

the Radical Republicans

• Lincoln said the war was about saving the Union; he changed his mind

• If they did this, they could get British support; they outlawed slavery already

Black Troops

• The first all black regiment

was the Massachusetts

54th

• Over 180,000 black troops

served

• Not treated equally

– Less pay

– Used mostly for labor

Oh, Fremont he told them when the war it first begun, How to save the Union and the way it should be done. But Kentucky swore so hard and Old Abe he had his fears,

Till ev'ry hope was lost but the colored volunteers. Chorus:

Oh, give us a flag, all free without a slave;

We'll fight to defend it as our fathers did so brave; The gallant Comp'ny "A", will make the rebels dance, And we'll stand by the Union if we only have a chance.

2. McClellan went to Richmond with two hundred thousand brave; He said, "Keep back the negro" and the Union he would save;

Little Mac he had his way, still the Union is in tears, Now they call for the help of the colored volunteers.

Chorus:

3. Old Jeff says he'll hang us if we dare to meet him armed, A very big thing , but we are not at all alarmed;

For he first has got to catch us before the way is clear, And that is "what's the matter" with the colored volunteer.

Southern Blacks

• Not allowed to fight in the army (until last few

months of the war)

• Many did little to aid their situation

– Kept farms going

– Labor battalions

– Fear, loyalty, lack of leadership

• Some prejudice from Union soldiers

Slavery during the war

• Tighter slave patrols

• Some plantations moved further west and told stories to slaves

– Whites in the north will tie you to a cart like a horse

• Slave-master relationship weakened

• Some undermined the plantations

Conscriptions

• Both sides used volunteers to fight at first

• When the horrors of war had been seen, many stopped and the govt. had to conscript

• Draft

• Like past wars, you could pay someone to take your place (wealthy)

• Made is seem like a rich man’s war being fought by the poor • The south couldn’t draft all

Draft Riots

• Some would enlist, get paid, and then leave

• This was called bounty jumping – Bounty was the pay for joining

a regiment

• Bounty hunters would be sent to get you

• Draft riots occurred mainly in the north

Gangs of New York

• Takes place before

the Civil War and

during the draft riots

of the Civil War

Home

Life

• Many men didn’t return

home

• Many returned

handicapped

• High taxes in the

Confederacy

• Lack of goods

• Worthless currency

• Wallpaper used for

writing paper

Home Life

• The north prospered industrially

• Immigrants provided labor

• Income tax created

• Tariffs raised

• Still had some problems of the Confederacy

• To encourage people to move west and

Sittin' by the roadside on a summer's day, Chattin' with my messmates, passing time away, Lying in the shadows, underneath the trees -- Goodness, how delicious, eating

goober peas!

CHORUS:Peas! Peas! Peas! Peas! Eating goober peas! Goodness, how delicious, eating goober peas!

When a horseman passes, the soldiers have a rule To cry out at their loudest "Mister, here's your mule!" But still another

pleasure enchantinger than these Is wearing out your grinders, eating goober peas!

CHORUS

Just before the battle, the General hears a row; He says "The Yanks are coming, I hear their rifles now"! He turns around in wonder, and what do you think he sees? The Georgia Militia,

eating goober peas!

CHORUS

I think my song had lasted almost long enough! The subject's interesting, but rhymes are mighty rough! I wish this war was

Andersonville

•Southern POW camp

•You would rather die than go here

•Over 12,000 died here

•The south couldn’t afford to take care of their

POW’s

•North also had problems

26 acres

Other Confederate Prisons

» Belle Isle – Richmond, Virginia - 18,000

» Blackshear Prison – Blackshear, Georgia - 5,000

» Cahaba Prison (Castle Morgan) – Selma, Alabama - 600

» Camp Ford – near Tyler, Texas - 5,300

» Camp Groce - Hempstead, Texas - 600 - 1,100

» Castle Pinckney – Charleston, South Carolina - 300

» Castle Sorghum – Columbia, South Carolina - 1,400

» Castle Thunder – Richmond, Virginia - 1,400

» Danville Prison – Danville, Virginia - 4,000

» Florence Stockade – Florence, South Carolina - 18,000

» Fort Pulaski – Savannah, Georgia - 600

» Gratiot Street Prison – St Louis, Missouri - 2,000

» Libby Prison – Richmond, Virginia - 50,000

Fredericksburg-Dec. 1862

• Virginia

• Burnside v. Lee

• North failed to take

Richmond

Chancellorsville-May 1863

• Lincoln hired another

General: Joseph Hooker

• Va.

• Confederate victory

• Robert E. Lee-C

• Union army was nearly

lost

Lee makes another move…..

•Hooker was fired by Lincoln

•Lee decided to press forward

after his victory at Chancellorsville

•This would be an invasion into

Pennsylvania

•Ulysses S. Grant began to move

to the Mississippi hoping to pull

Gettysburg-July 1863

• Pennsylvania

• Northern victory

• Meade-U

• Lee-C

• Turning point of the

war

• Lee’s worst defeat

• General Meade

didn’t pursue Lee

• Guess what

happened to him?

• He was removed by

Lincoln

Chamberlain's Bayonet Charge

• Little Round Top

• Ran out of

ammunition

• Bayonet charge

• Captured 101

Confederate

soldiers

Chamberlain noted that the

“effect was surprising; many

of the enemy’s first line

threw down their arms and

surrendered. An officer

fired his pistol at my head

with one hand, while he

handed me is sword with the

Vicksburg-July

1863

• Mississippi

• North wins

• Grant-U

• Confederacy is

divided

• Union has

Gettysburg Address

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for

War Economy

Not all factories prospered

Lack of cotton trade

Two more things……...

•

Pacific Railroad Act,

1862

• Create a

Morrill Land Grant Act, 1862

• Gave states

proceeds of public

land sales to est.

universities related to

mechanical and

agricultural arts

• Michigan St.

Southern Economy

• Shattered

• Railroads destroyed

• Cotton production falls (4 million to 300,000 bales a year) • Food shortages

– Salt cost $1.25 in NY and $60 a bag in the south

• Some planters still would plant King Cotton rather than food • Food was impressed by the army

• Desertions were frequent as wives wrote their husbands and needed their help on the farms

Trade

• As the north went deeper into the south, this subsided • NORTH:

– Feed the army and fight those who were feeding you

• SOUTH:

Election of 1864

• The Republicans

joined with the War

Democrats to form the

Union Party (Lincoln)

• Democrats ran

George McClellan

Andrew Johnson

• Lincoln’s VP after his

re-election of 1864

• War Democrat

Post War Plan for the South

•

10% Plan:

Lincoln’s

plan for the south after

the war to readmit the

southern states

• The Radical

Republicans said it was

too easy

More on the election…….

• Thanks to victories by the army and navy,

Lincoln would win

• Gave loyal soldiers furloughs to come

home to vote in states without absentee

ballots

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural

Address

With malice toward

none; with charity for all

Ulysses S.

Grant

• Lincoln finally found a general who would fight

• He used attrition

• Grant would wear down Lee’s troops by sending more men • Grant would lose 60,000 men

in one month using this tactic • The south would run out of

men before the north

Wilderness Campaign-May

1864

• Grant had over 100,000

men

• Series of battles in Va.

• Moved to Richmond

• Lee had 64,000

• Constantly attacked by

Grant

• Battles at Fredericksburg,

Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor

• At Cold Harbor, 7000 men

Grant’s Views and Tactics

• Oliver Wendel

Holmes

– How immense the

butcher’s bill has been

• Grant saw these as

incomplete victories

and was forcing Lee

back to Petersburg

and Richmond

trenches

• Once there, Lee

couldn’t mount a swing

around Union troops

• Many critics of Grant’s

tactics

• After a victory in the

west at Chattanooga in

Nov. 1863, the way

William Tecumseh Sherman

• Union general

• War is cruelty; the crueler it is, the sooner it will be over • War is all hell

March to the Sea

•Georgia; up the

coast

•1864-65

•Northern victory

•Destroyed the

south; crushed

morale

John Hood

his horse as he had already lost one arm and one leg • He failed

• Hood went to Tennessee hoping Grant would follow • He didn’t

Onward to

Savannah

• Marched to Savannah

next

• His troops lived off the

land

• Destroyed everything

they didn’t use

• Dec. 1864 he reached

the city

• Moved to SC the “seed

of the rebellion” and

The end is near...

• 1865: Richmond: the capital fell

• Appomattox Court House: where Lee surrendered to Grant; end of the war

• The Union had gone through 8 generals and the south basically one

Ford’s Theater

• After the end of the war,

Lincoln wanted to relax so he went to a play

• Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

• Shot Lincoln in the head • Lept over the balcony and

caught his spur

• Fell to the stage, broke his leg, still got away

John Wilkes Booth

Sic semper tyrannus

(Death be to tyrants)

• Booth had originally

planned to kidnap

Lincoln

• The war ended too

soon for him to do this

• Caught in a warehouse

Oh Captain! My Captain! Walt Whitman

Oh Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is done,

The ship had weathers every rack, the prize we sought is won. The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,

While follow eyes the steady kell, the vessel grim and daring, But I heart! heart! heart!

O bleeding drops of red

Where on the deck my captain lies Fallen cold and dead

O Captain!My Captain! rise up and hear the bells;

Rise up-for you the flag is flung - for you the bugle trills,

For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths-for you the shores a-crowing; For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.

Here Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head!

It is some dream that on the deck, You've fallen cold and dead.

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will.

The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, it's voyage closed and done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;

Conclusions

• The North won due to attrition

• Lee authorized the draft of slaves into the Confederate

Army……had to get rid of slavery to keep it

• Takes the south decades to recover

– Generations wiped out

– Banking destroyed in the south

– Destruction in the south