Name:________________________________________________________ Section:___________________ Date:____________________
Politics in the Age of Enterprise,
1877–1896
A. True – False
Where the statement is true mark T. Where it is false mark F.
____ 1. Under the spoils system, government appointments were treated as rewards to those who had served the victorious party.
____ 2. In response to Cleveland’s tariff reduction campaign, the Republican Congress passed the McKinley Tariff of 1890, which lowered tariff rates to record lows.
____ 3. During the 1884 presidential campaign, Republicans continued "waving the bloody shirt" at Grover Cleveland and the Democratic Party.
____ 4. Social Darwinism was adapted from Herbert Spencer’s book, On the Origin of Species, which advanced the concept of natural selection and evolution.
____ 5. Proportionately more voters turned out in presidential elections from 1876 to 1892 than at any other time in American history.
____ 6. Democrats tended to be native-born Catholics, while Republicans tended to be foreign-born Protestants.
____ 7. The Mugwumps were composed of conservative Republicans, who endorsed presidential candidate Grover Cleveland.
____ 8. Frances Willard was a greater advocate of women’s suffrage than of prohibition. ____ 9. The Republican Party favored both women’s suffrage and prohibition.
____ 10. Despite equal rights promises, southern blacks endured segregated schools, and racially determined access to jobs, the courts, and social services.
____ 11. The Republican Party in the South was sustained by tenacious black loyalty, by a hard core of white support, and by patronage from Republican national administrations.
____ 12. Poll-tax requirements helped disfranchise southern blacks, as well as poor whites.
____ 13. The Supreme Court ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson declared Jim Crow laws were unconstitutional. ____ 14. The Farmers’ Alliance of the Northwest proposed the subtreasury system.
____ 15. The election of 1892 marked the first time an agrarian protest, the Populist Party, truly challenged the national two-party system.
____ 16. Populists called for nationalization of the railroads and communications; protection of the land from monopoly and foreign ownership; a graduated income tax; and free silver.
____ 17. In 1873, gold was officially dropped as a medium of exchange. ____ 18. Grover Cleveland was a strong advocate of free silver.
____ 19. William Jennings Bryan's cross of gold oration during the 1896 Democratic convention supported the gold standard.
____ 20. In the aftermath of the election of 1896, the Republicans became the nation’s majority party.
B. Multiple Choice
Select the best answer and write the proper letter in the space provided.
____ 21. The Civil Service Commission was created and authorized to fill federal jobs by examination by a. the U.S. Banking Act of 1863.
b. the Bland-Allison Act of 1878. c. the Pendleton Act of 1883.
d. the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890.
____ 22. The doctrine of Social Darwinism was developed by British philosopher a. Herbert Spencer.
b. William Graham Sumner. c. Horatio Alger.
d. Russell Conwell.
____ 23. As federal courts took up the battle against state activism, they found their strongest weapon in a. the 12th Amendment.
b. the 13th Amendment.
c. the 14th Amendment.
d. the 15th Amendment.
____ 24. Democratic support among immigrant groups came largely from a. Lutherans.
b. Protestants. c. Catholics.
d. None of the Above.
____ 25. Some of the hottest social issues of the day were a. education, liquor, and observance of the Sabbath. b. education, liquor, and free silver.
c. free silver, tariff, and liquor.
d. civil rights, education, and observance of the Sabbath.
____ 26. The secret ballot, which allowed voters to cast their ballots in voting booths, was imported from a. Austria.
b. Australia. c. Brazil. d. Canada.
____ 27. The “Women’s Crusade” spread across the country resulting in a. NAWSA.
b. NASA. c. WCTU.
d. Seneca Falls Convention.
____ 28. Frances Willard’s “Do Everything” program introduced sheltered women to the a. Prohibition Party.
b. ills of the world. c. power of politics.
d. fragility of a woman’s mind.
____ 29. In the short run, at a national level, women’s involvement in the Republican Party a. changed Republican views in support of Prohibition.
b. changed Republican views in support of women’s suffrage.
c. changed Republican views in support of both Prohibition and women’s suffrage. d. did little to change Republican views on Prohibition and women’s suffrage. ____ 30. The first public accommodation, after 1887, to be legally segregated was
a. railroads. b. restrooms. c. buses. d. schools.
____ 31. The most notable group of economically distressed southerners who broke away from the Democratic Party and briefly gained power in Virginia was the
a. Readjusters. b. Redeemers. c. Stalwarts. d. Half-Breeds.
____ 32. White southerners disfranchised blacks through a. literacy tests.
b. the grandfather clause. c. intimidation.
d. all of the above.
____ 33. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory provided that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites in the case of
a. Marbury v. Madison. b. Plessy v. Ferguson. c. Williams v. Mississippi.
d. Brown v. the Board of Education.
____ 34. Grimes County was ruled for fifty years by the a. Greenbacks.
b. Republicans. c. Populists.
____ 35. The Populist movement was significant because a. it marked the first time a protest included women. b. it was the first organized group of farmers.
c. it marked the first time an agrarian protest truly challenged the national two-party system. d. it marked the first time a third-party president was elected.
____ 36. In the founding Omaha Convention in 1892, the Populist Party called for a. nationalization of railroads.
b. free and unlimited coinage of silver. c. a graduated income tax.
d. all of the above.
____ 37. The Populists supported free and unlimited coinage of silver because
a. it would fatten the party’s slim resources by contributions from gold standard supporters. b. an increased money supply would raise farm prices and provide some relief.
c. lower railroad prices.
d. decrease the power of monopolies.
____ 38. In the midst of a depression, with the government’s gold reserves dwindling, President Cleveland was forced to veto the
a. U.S. Banking Act of 1863. b. Bland-Allison Act of 1878. c. Pendleton Act of 1883.
d. Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890.
____ 39. During the election of 1896, Mark Hanna orchestrated an unprecedented fundraising campaign among America’s corporate interests in support of
a. William McKinley. b. William Jennings Bryan. c. James B. Weaver. d. Benjamin Harrison.
____ 40. James B. Weaver ran for president on the tickets of both a. the Greenback Labor Party and the Democratic Party. b. the Democratic Party and the Populist Party.
c. the Greenback Labor Party and the Populist Party. d. the Republican Party and the Populist Party.
C. Identification
Supply the correct identification for each numbered description.
_____________ 41. Dispensing this to the faithful was the president’s most demanding task.
_____________ 42. The system in which government appointments were treated as rewards forthose who had served the victorious party.
_____________ 43. The act in 1883 that established a non partisan Civil Service Commission authorized to fill federal jobs by examination.
_____________ 45. The economic policy which favored minimal government interference with business. _____________ 46. Philosopher Herbert Spencer’s theory of survival of the fittest in human society and
endorsed by Yale sociology professor William Graham Sumner. _____________ 47. The powers not delegated by the Constitution to the federal government.
_____________ 48. Laws restricting activity on Sundays, which some groups thought to be a violation of their personal freedom.
_____________ 49. This group was more adept at molding public opinion, by controlling the newspapers and journals, than running a government.
_____________ 50. A test imposed by northern states in order to limit the voting rights of immigrants in the North and blacks in the South.
_____________ 51. A new concept supported by Mugwumps which was imported from Australia. _____________ 52. Association for women suffrage that was reunited in 1890.
_____________ 53. The doctrine that men and women had different natures.
_____________ 54. The association, led by Frances Willard, which was exclusively for women fighting for prohibition.
_____________ 55. This type of voting district ensured political control remained in white hands.
_____________ 56. Southern democrats wanted to regain this, which was lost in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War.
_____________ 57. Laws that segregated white from blacks in every type of public facility.
_____________ 58. The system that would enable farmers to store their crops in public warehouses and borrow against unsold crops from a public fund until the cotton could be profitable sold. _____________ 59. Williams Jennings Bryan’s famous speech during the 1896 Democratic Convention,
which both won him the presidential nomination and officially made the Democrats a free silver party.
_____________ 60. A group of jobless marchers who went to Washington in 1894 to demand federal relief, only to be arrested for trespassing by President Cleveland.
D. Matching People, Places, and Events
Match the person, place, or event the left column with the proper description in the right column by inserting the correct letter on the blank line.
____ 61. James A. Garfield ____ 62. Grover Cleveland ____ 63. Edward Atkinson ____ 64. Horatio Alger ____ 65. Andrew Carnegie
A. Kansas homesteader who gave fiery, passionate speeches on behalf of Populism.
B. Wealthy businessman who led a syndicate of bankers whose gold purchases replenished the treasury's depleted reserves
C. Cotton-growing area in east Texas where white supremacy and black disfranchisement was evident
D. A poor Scottish immigrant, who eventually became a steel magnate and paid homage to America in his book, Triumphant Democracy
____ 66. Charles Darwin ____ 67. Frances Willard ____ 68. Plessy v. Ferguson ____ 69. Williams v. Mississippi ____ 70. Grimes County ____ 71. Ida Wells ____ 72. Tom Watson ____ 73. James B. Weaver ____ 74. Mary Elizabeth Lease ____ 75. Henry Demarest Lloyd ____ 76. Jacob Coxey
____ 77. J.P. Morgan
____ 78. William Jennings Bryan ____ 79. Mark Hanna
____ 80. William McKinley
E. Outspoken Prohibitionist who headed the WCTU and introduced women to the ills of the world with her "Do-Everything" program
F. Georgian Populist who first used interracial appeal, but later rebuilt his career as a race-baiter
G. Wealthy Ohio iron maker who orchestrated an unprecedented fundraising campaign among corporate interests in support of William McKinley
H. Cotton manufacturer who appealed to the ideology of individualism to encourage his workers
I. British naturalist who book On the Origin of Species introduced the concept of natural selection and provided evidence supporting evolution
J. Black crusader who was expelled from Memphis for the editorials in her newspaper Free Speech
K. Radical labor reformer who envisioned a farmer-labor movement and voiced labor's opposition to free silver
L. Ohio Republican who won the election of 1892 on the platform of high tariffs, sound money, prosperity, and economic progress
M. Populist who, in 1892, capture a million votes, while carrying four western states
N. Trumpeted individualism in his many rags-to-riches tales, such as Destined to be Reared in Orphanages
O. Former Republican congressional leader who was
assassinated by Charles Guiteau after serving only months as president.
P. Supreme Court decision which ruled segregation and the notion of "separate but equal" were legal
Q. New York Democrat whose second stint as president was marked by a financial depression, a battle over silver, and a Wall Street controversy
R. Led an army of jobless marchers to Washington demanding federal relief, but was arrested for trespassing on Capitol grounds
S. Nebraskan Democrat whose famous "cross of gold" speech locked his presidential nomination, and expressed his free silver platform
T. Supreme Court decision which validated the disfranchising devices of the South, so long as race was not specified
E. Matching Cause and Effect
Match the historical cause in the left column with the proper effect in the right column by writing the correct letter on the blank line.
Cause
____ 81. The end of the Reconstruction and Rutherford B. Hayes safe settlement in the White House
____ 82. The assassination of President Garfield in 1881
Effect
A. The White Man's Party gained control and ruled Grimes County for fifty years
B. Democrats officially become the party of free silver, at least for the election of 1896
C. The government resumed buying silver at a fixed ratio of 16 oz. of silver to 1 oz. of gold
____ 83. Cleveland’s 1888 campaign platform of reducing tariffs
____ 84. The Charles Darwin’s support of the natural selection and evolution ____ 85. The federal courts’ successful battle
against state activism and hamstringing of the federal government
____ 86. Increased organization of political parties on all levels
____ 87. The spread of the "Woman's Crusade" and the formation of the WCTU ____ 88. Frances Willard’s political activism and
“Do-Everything” program
____ 89. The Democrats' advantages of money, control of the local power structures, mischief at the polls, and a paternalistic relationship to the black community ____ 90. Democrats win and maintain control of
the South during the late 19th century
____ 91. The ruling of Williams v. Mississippi ____ 92. The institution of Jim Crow laws and
the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson ____ 93. Local intimidation of both black
Republicans and Populists
____ 94. A steady growth of both strength and confidence of Farmers’ Alliances at a state level
____ 95. Populist support of free silver
D. Democrats defeat Populists in the 1892 election in the South
E. The era of sectional strife ended
F. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 is repealed
G. Power shifted from the executive and legislative branches to the judicial
H. Southern disfranchising devices were legitimized, and many blacks and poor whites were officially disfranchised
I. The Republican Congress created the McKinley tariff which raised the average rates to 49.5%
J. Many southern blacks are disfranchised through poll taxes, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause
K. Republicans turned both economic and cultural challenges to their advantage, and persuaded the nation they were the party of prosperity
L. The Pendleton Act was made in 1883 and established the Civil Service Commission authorized to fill federal jobs by examination
M. Women were exposed to the ills of the world and the expansion women’s role in mainstream politics began
N. The idea of Social Darwinism by British
philosopher Herbert Spencer and American William Graham Sumner
O. Created an anti-liquor movement and the formation of the Prohibition Party
P. The South became fully segregated by law
Q. Democrats are enraged and Cleveland is isolated from his party
R. Triggered a heated debate within the party, while compromising the party’s identity as an
independent movement
S. The formation of the national Populist Party
T. Political machines and bosses used the spoils system to give jobs for vote
____ 96. A surge of silver mining in the West and a sudden spike in silver prices ____ 97. President Cleveland turns to J.P.
Morgan and a group of private bankers to bail out Wall Street ____ 98. The Panic of 1893 results in dwindling
of the national gold reserves ____ 99. William J. Bryan’s cross of gold
speech and presidential nomination ____ 100. Republican William McKinley’s
Chapter 19 Answers
True – False
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. T 11. T 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. T 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. T
Multiple Choice
21. C 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. CIdentification
41. patronage42. spoils system
43. Pendleton Act
44. states’ rights
45. laissez-faire
46. Social Darwinism
47. residual powers
48. blue laws
49. Mugwumps
50. literacy tests
51. secret ballot
52. NAWSA
53. separate spheres
54. WCTU
55. gerrymandered
56. home rule
57. Jim Crow laws
58. subtreasury system
59. Cross of Gold
60. Coxey’s Army
Matching People, Places,
and Events
61. O 62. Q 63. H 64. N 65. D 66. I 67. E 68. P 69. T 70. C 71. J 72. F 73. M 74. A 75. K 76. R 77. B 78. S 79. G 80. LMatching Cause and Effect
81. E 82. L 83. I 84. N 85. G 86. T 87. O 88. M 89. D 80. J 91. H 92. P 93. A 94. S 95. R 96. C 97. Q 98. F 99. B 100. K
