Session E5: What Should We Know About Behavior of Sturgeons to Provide Their Efficient Passage?

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University of Massachusetts Amherst

ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage 2015

Jun 23rd, 2:30 PM - 2:45 PM

Session E5: What Should We Know About

Behavior of Sturgeons to Provide Their Efficient Passage?

Dmitrii Pavlov

A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RUSSIA

Victor Mikheev

Mikhail Skorobogatov

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Pavlov, Dmitrii; Mikheev, Victor; and Skorobogatov, Mikhail, "Session E5: What Should We Know About Behavior of Sturgeons to Provide Their Efficient Passage?" (2015).International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage. 35.

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What should we know about behavior of

sturgeons to provide their efficient

passage?

Dmitrii Pavlov, Victor Mikheev & Mikhail Skorobogatov

A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RUSSIA

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Main issues:

- Behavior of sturgeons migrating upstream

- Fish passage facilities: structure and

biological basis of operation

- Examples of sturgeon passage in the Volga,

Don and Kuban rivers. Contemporary state.

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Behavioral patterns of pelagic and bottom fish migrating in rivers

Pelagic fish

● Visual orientation

● Low threshold velocity ● High critical velocity ● Diurnal migrations ● Swimming near the

surface or mid-water

Bottom fish

● Tactile orientation

● High threshold velocity ● Low critical velocity ● Nocturnal or

round-the-clock migration

● Swimming near the bottom

Threshold current velosity

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Cross-river distribution of fish in the Lower Volga during spawning migrations Flow velocity at the zone of sampling Acipenser stellatus Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Dep th, m V elo city , sm/s Fis h num b er , %

Location of drift net (cross-section of the river) Distribution of migrating fish Fis h num b er , % 3

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Tracks of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii

in tail water and head water of the Volgograd dam

(from Poddubnyi & Malinin, 1988)

The Volga River

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0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 Time of day, hours Fish number, % of max Illumination, Lx 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0 20 40 60 80 100 13 15 17 19 21 23 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 Fish number, % of max Illumination, Lx

Patterns of dial changes in fish spawning migrations

5

Sturgeons

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Experimental movable fish collector

1 – fish collector, 2 – ramp, 3 – pumps, 4 – movable screen (to concentrate fish)

Transportation mean

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Modifications of the water flow in front of the movable fish collector

Watertight ramp. Small angle

Watertight ramp. Large angle

Ramp with slots (water-permeable). No vortices.

Fish pass

Ramp

Watertight ramp, “hydraulic wing”

Wing

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Velocity of attractive flow influences number of passed fish 100 50 0 250 50 100 150 200 min opt max Flow velocity, sm/s Pas sage ef fi ciency , % 8

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Flow velocity profiles within the fish collector

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Hydraulic schemes of fish attraction Dam Dam Fish pass Fish pass Attractive flow Attractive flow Current velocity Current velocity Fish guiding facility Vc – critical Vt – threshold V attr – attractive V=V attr V>Vc V=V attr V=V attr V=V attr V>Vc V< Vt V>Vc V<Vc Fish guiding facility V<Vc V>Vc V< Vt V<Vc V=Vc V=Vc 10

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Flow velocity patterns in the tale race of Saratov power plant near the fish pass

Fish pass One turbine works Two turbines work 11

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Sturgeons move slower between two dams (Volgograd and Saratov Power Plants)

than other migrants.

А 0 20 40 60 80 100 Б 0 20 40 60 80 100 В 0 20 40 60 80 100 Saratov PP Volgograd PP Alosa Stenodus Sturgeon

May June July August

Fi sh pas sa ge, % of ma x 12

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Kuban River. Tikhovskii Power Plant equipped with fish passage locks (2) to pass sturgeons

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Kuban River. Fedorovskii (A) and Krasnodarskii (B) Power Plants equipped with fish passage facilities

to pass sturgeons

A) B)

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Annual number of passed sturgeons (thousand fish)

Acipenser gueldenstaedti

(Kochetovskii PP, Don River)

A. stellatus

(Fedorovskii PP, Kuban)

A. gueldenstaedti

(Volgogradskii PP, Volga)

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Annual commercial catch of sturgeons in the Russian part of Caspian basin

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1933 1943 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 Уловы, тыс. т Годы_Years Thou sand tons 16

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