People, Movement & Public Space

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Challenge the future

Delft University of Technology

People, Movement & Public Space

Differences in Walking Behaviour between differents European cities

Prof. Stefan van der Spek

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Urbanism on Track / Sensing the City

Stefan van der Spek

§ Associate Professor of Urban Design

§ Director Geomatics Educational Programme

§ Visiting Professor at Northumbria University (UK)

Theory on Public Space, Application of Tracking & Sensing Technologies

§ Urbanism on Track, Sensing the City [projects]

§ People, Movement & Public Space (lecture series)

§ BSc/MSc Architecture, Urbanism & Geomatics

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Spatial Metro

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Routing (attractive network)

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Stations (nodes)

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Signage (information)

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Information Technology

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Environmental Transport

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Mapping (innovative maps)

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Understanding People

Monitoring & Analyzing Movement

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GPS tracking

§ Actual Walking behavior

§ Measuring activity (impact)

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Questionnaires

(street interviews)

§ Experience

§ Personal Background

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Urbanism on Track / Sensing the City Source: ‪cooltownstudios.com

But…

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Motivation

§ Lack of knowledge about (real) movement : routing,

destinations, duration.

§ Visual method: mapping of results

§ Tool for evaluating change : before and after intervention, benchmarking cities and places

§ Input for application : analysis for evidence-based design

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Research Questions

§ How to measure efficiency of investments in public

space?

§ Develop a methodology for a comparative study in place and time!

§ How to apply this in different cities in different countries?

§ Field research in different spatial, social & administrative context

§ Traditional methods

§ Questionnaire, mapping

§ Interview

§ Online questionnaires

§ Counting

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Technology

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Following the footsteps…

Collecting spatio-temporal data

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gps/gnss

§ Technique meant for…

orientation & navigation, ie

§ Daily life, § business, § tourism, § outdoor, … § But…ART § But…research

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Way of Working

Tracking research

images: Microsoft Office clip art

Tracking device: GPS-logger

People: activities in Public Space

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GPS devices and forms

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GPS tracking

Data collections framework

Data collection (field) Data processing (office] Retrieval Interpretation & Visualisation Correlation & Calculation Modeling (agents) Application (city) Data mining Selection/spatial clustering Leveling (interpretation) Layering Reduction Report/presentation Design interventions

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Layering information

Analysis framework GPS tracks (process) ArcGIS (analysis/visualisation) Retrieval Questionnaires (meta-data) Data sources (maps/statistics) ! Discovering à  Understanding à  Defining Issues à  Interventions : Solving problems

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Method

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Place(s)

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Norwich (UK) Rouen (F) Koblenz (D)

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Source: Van der Spek / Report: GPS Tracking Norwich (2008/02/20)

Aerial picture

Points of Interest

Commercial activities Access points

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Aerial picture

Points of Interest

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Aerial picture

Points of Interest

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Where is the Money going?

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Conclusions & observations

§ All: people don’t know their car license plate number

§ Distribution/participation: Germans skeptical (privacy issue), UK = OK, French not aware

§ Duration: French overall shortest duration. Origin: lunch break.

§ French: 2 hrs and 2-4 hrs patterns is not that different. Shops are longer open and thus longer attractive

(all resulting in more leisure…)

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Conclusions & observations 2

§ Route concept: German ‘locals’ most efficient (in-out, short circuits), parking is chosen irt destination; tourist in Koblenz cover larger area then locals

vs

§ Locals in Rouen cover large area, tourists are more efficient (limited destination area);

§ Norwich idem, but here locals spent most time. Locals were far more represented in Norwich, although all cities have a comparable regional function.

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Sensing the City

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SMARTPHONE as mobile SENSOR

Calling (microphone) Interface (touch) Light sensor Communication §  GSM/3G/4G §  Wifi §  Bluetooth movement (accelLerometer) (Gyro) Position (GNSS) camera Altitude (air pressure)

Source: ‪‪mojdroid.pl (layar)

temperature moist

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Location awareness

It’s embedded everywhere…

§ Facebook, Twitter, Foursquare, …

§ LinkedIn/TripIt

§ Flickr/Youtube/

§ Map services

§ And many more!

Which application does NOT require your current location today?

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Technology

§ Real-time monitoring § Smart-Phone § GPS + data connection § Scanners (RFID/Wifi/Bluetooth/…) § Post-processing § GPS

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Sensing Technology

for location awareness

§ Proximity versus Positioning

§ Proximity (scanning, sniffling)

§ RFID, GSM, Wifi

§ Network (antenna) – series of ‘sensors’

§ Positioning (trilateration, fingerprinting)

§ GNSS, 3G/4G, WiFi

§ Device, network or device + network-assisted

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Wifi [waifi]

§ Technology meant for communication

standard for wireless data exchange

§ But… we can identify unique addresses and use this for research, ie:

§ number of (unique/repeating) visitors,

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bluetooth

§ Technique meant for communication

§ But… we can identify unique addresses and use this for research, ie:

§ number of (unique/repeating) visitors,

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Integration: Sensors + Data

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What traces did you leave behind?

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One Week Twitter in Delft (NL)

Historic City centre

University Campus Hospital

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Application of Tracking Technologies in

Urban Design:

Research on the spatial-temporal behavior

of residents of high-rise towers

Online: #VPRO #NEDERLANDvanBoven

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35 students, 35 families, 35 Bluetooth scanners

Students:

Approaching participants, collecting data,

processing data, visualization, reporting, presenting

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People, Movement & Public Space