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Mansour Assani D.
GIZ/PERACOD
Regulatory and Technical Issues in
Operating Hybrid Mini-Grids"
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Regulation Issue
Regulation should have several aim ::
The first of these should be sustainability : the regulated company must be able to finance its operations, und any required investment
The second aim ist to protect the consummers in Senegal Revenue-yield control is performed
Determining the yield-revenu , the Regulator need severals informations like investment cost and operatings costs
The tariff system required for rural electrification should be in line with the low ability to pay of users, investment and the
operation should be masters
This presentation tries to show from the perspective of
developers how to plan and ensure the operation of equipment for rural electrification based on the case of hybrid mini-grids
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Peracod had installed 16 DC-Coupling Hybryd mini-grid
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Equipment Cost
PV-Module/Support ( 5 kWp) 10500 €
Batteries( Electrolyte and support)
48 kWh 5125€ Charge Controller 900 € Battery-Inverter 5 kVA 2120 € Mini-Grid [2 km] 14200 € Distribution Box 600 € Technical Building 6000 €
Diesel Generator ( 15kVA) 6500 €
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70 Hybrid mini -Grids to be installed before .
Equipment Cost [€]
PV-Module/Support ( 5 kWp) 9300
Batteries( Electrolyte and support) 48 kWh 6200 Grid-Inverter 5kW 1600 Battery-Inverter 5 kVA 2300 Mini-Grid [2 km] 14200 Distribution Box 1400 Technical Building 7000
Diesel Generator ( 15kVA) 5000
CAPEX [€] 46.600 07.02.2012 17% 11% 22% 31% 11% 9% PV solaire de 5 kW ., supports
Batterie acide de plomb 48 kWh
onduleurs réseaux et batterie Sunny Island SMA
1.5 km réseau de distribution 400 V
Génie civil (locale technique, fondations, clôture)
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In Cooperation with INENSUS
aérogénérateur 5 kW 13 561 PV solaire de 5 kW ., supports 9300 Batterie acide de plomb 48 kWh 6200 onduleurs réseaux et batterie Sunny Island
SMA
11800 1.5 km réseau de distribution 400 V 14200 Génie civil (locale technique, fondations,
clôture)
9500 Boîte de distribution et protection 1885 Groupe électrogène diesel de 15 kVA 5000 71466 07.02.2012 19% 13% 9% 17% 20% 13% 7% aérogénérateur 5 kW PV solaire de 5 kW ., supports
Batterie acide de plomb 48 kWh
onduleurs réseaux et batterie Sunny Island SMA
1.5 km réseau de distribution 400 V
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Rural electrification should be based on thorough socio-economic
studies
Dépenses énergétiques mensuelles Substituables
Comparaison Dépenses actuelles et Disponibilités à payer un tarif mensuel Zone : Mbour-RBDS
Enquête Semis-Transénergie Octobre 2002
y = -6605,9Ln(x) + 354,3 R2 = 0,9551 y = -8417,8Ln(x) + 2073,8 R2 = 0,9025 y = -8417,8Ln(x) + 2073,8 R2 = 0,9025 0 CFA 5 000 CFA 10 000 CFA 15 000 CFA 20 000 CFA 25 000 CFA 30 000 CFA 35 000 CFA 40 000 CFA 45 000 CFA 50 000 CFA 55 000 CFA 60 000 CFA 65 000 CFA 70 000 CFA 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Pourcentage de ménages - dépenses mensuelles décroissantes
dépenses mensuelle Mbour - Zone de Biosphère du Delta du Saloum (Emhr_078Ecl&ComTotDepMens) disponibilité à payer un tarif mensuel (Emhr_080TarifAcceptable1) Logarithmique (dépenses mensuelle Mbour - Zone de Biosphère du Delta du Saloum
(Emhr_078Ecl&ComTotDepMens)) Logarithmique (disponibilité à payer un tarif mensuel
(Emhr_080TarifAcceptable1))
15% 15% 37% 32%
market segmentation to produce
an estimate of the size of this market to be served by each type of service selected
measurement of current energy expenditure and arrangements for payment give us twor references,
one conservative (energy expenditure),
the other more optimistic (reports of willingness to pay)
Investigations must be conducted to establish a thematic database regarding the target user
Substutuable energy expendure Ie = - a. Ln(Σ%) + b
(Σ%) : the cumulative percentage of households classified according to the criteria of decreasing costs
Ln : natural logarythm
representation of Substutuable energy expendure and the segmentation
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optimum connection rate depends on two factors: the ability
and willingness to pay
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 T aux r ac c or dem ent R ev enus / N b. t ot al de m énages
Tarif service de Niveau 1
FCFA/mois
there is a range of optimum rate of connexion that maximizes the revenue of the operator.
the Turnover corresponding to a rate of connection x is expressed as follows
CA= X.DAP(x) = x ( -a LN(x) + b)
CA ; Turnover
X : rate of connexion
DAP : willingness to pay
Turnover
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Breaking the barriers to accessing electricity services
The great handicap surrounding access to electrical services is the payment of an access fee. The new user must not only pay for the rights of access but also cover the initial installation of indoor equipment.
A system has therefore been put in place to overcome this barrier.
The initial payment of access is paid either at once or in several instalments before connecting the user.
The indoor equipment is pre-financed and reimbursed through the monthly fees.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 nbre usagers prévus usagers mise en service
service1 Service 2 service3 service4
Access charge
18 € 34€ 60€ 100€
Indoor
Installation 144€ 180€ 350€ 453€
From its first year of operation, this system can achieve 80% of the connection rate identified in the initial studies
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Mini-grid cost reduction
mono-phase architecture using interface mono/three-phase for three-phase equipment
implementing grids with two conducting wires
if a three-phase grid is necessary, adapt the grid architecture to the topography of the village
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Mini-grid length simplifying cable structure
the use of conductors 35 and 16 mm ² instead of 70mm ² can be reduced by € 2,875 or 25%
simplify poles
the use of poles 8 m
compared to 12 m can induce a reduction in the cost per km up to € 2,500 or 30%
Cost reduction can thus be achieved through
:
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 C o s t p e r k m o f g ri d conductor section 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 sh ar e o f g ri d /sy st em co st mini-grid lenght 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12 m 9 m 8 m co st o f km 35/ 16m m ²
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Implement an appropriate pricing system
The traditional charging system using individual meters has shown its limits because it requires significant management fees as well as recovery levels lower than forecast.
The tariff system in place in Senegal by service level’. This price includes two components :
The energy component linked to the energy service provided
The non-energy component corresponding to reimbursement of indoor installation
Service level S1 S2 S3 S4
Power < 50W 50 <S2<90 90W<S3<180W S4> 180 W
energy component Fees per month
3,57 € 6,58 € 12,34 € 0,18 €/kWh
non-energy component Fees per month
0,81€ 0,97€ 1,62 € 1,77 €
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Manage demand to optimize supply
Energy efficiency and control are the foundations on which every rural electrification project should be built.
For each type of user, the service provided must match their financial demands and thus their ability to pay
A rigorous management of demand allows for a better control of the initial investments related to the implementation of the supply
Demand management also helps to extend the deadline for strengthening production capacity
demand management allows the user to handle the payment for a real service and therefore provides better cost-effectiveness of the service contract.
Pricing is by fixed rate contracts and so requires careful management of the energy used .
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Quality of service standards for customers
Service quality is stipulated in the concession contract, but also in the contract between operator and end user. It concerns the following elements:
provide electricity according to the quality standards laid out in the le règlement des abonnements
Nominal frequency is 50 Hertz. During the first five years of the concession, a deviation of ± 5% is permitted during normal
operation.
Voltage between phase and neutral is 220 Volt and 380 Volt between phases. A variation of ± 11% is permitted.
If a client suspects that voltage variations exceed the authorized levels, the concessionaire has to explain the problems and the steps taken to resolve them within ten working days of the first contact.
The concessionaire has to deliver electricity during the aforementioned hours of the day. Electricity service can be temporarily suspended for
maintenance of works and equipment repairs of works and equipment