5910. GLOBAL EVANGELISM.
Fall 2014Course Description: An introduction to historical, biblical and cultural aspects of worldwide evangelism, with the purposes of both preparing individuals for service as missionaries and assisting sending churches in their tasks. This involves a survey of principles, methods and practical aspects of developing and maintaining a missions ministry in a local church. Lecture, activities, discussion and research.
Instructor: C. Philip Slate, D. Miss. E-mail: cpsmissions@gmail.com Address: 349 Walnut Trace Drive. Cordova, TN 38018. Cell phone: (901) 500-6773.
Textbooks: Textbooks can now be ordered through a link on the HST website. The Textbooks tab can be viewed on the navigation bar on any page of the website. Check the book list provided under the Textbooks tab (http://hst.edu/students/textbook-services/) for correct ISBN’s and editions to insure correct ordering. A link provided there will take you to Amazon where you will only need to enter the ISBN to order your books. By going through our website, HST will receive some credit from the order. Thanks for your support. The text, Lest We Forget will be available through the Instructor.
Students with Disabilities: It is the policy of Harding University to accommodate students with disabilities, pursuant to federal and state law. Any student with a disability who needs accommodation should inform the instructor at the beginning of the course. Students with disabilities are also encouraged to contact Steve McLeod, the Associate Dean, at 901-761-1353.
Course Requirements: Credit Hour Statement: For every course credit hour, the typical student should expect to spend at least three clock hours per week of concentrated attention on course-related work, including but not limited to time attending class, as well as out-of-class time spent reading, reviewing, organizing notes, preparing for upcoming quizzes/ exams, problem solving, developing and completing projects, and other
activities that enhance learning. Thus, for a three hour course, a typical student should expect to spend at least nine hours per week dedicated to the course.
1. Regular class attendance is assumed (though absences will affect grading in borderline cases) since it is in class time that one will get handouts, process and clarify questions, and engage in valuable interactions.
2. Do all required readings, whether in the textbooks (listed below) or articles handed out in class or available on the Internet. All required readings will be made very clear.
Köstenberger, Andreas J. and Peter T. O’Brien. Salvation to the Ends of the Earth. “New Testament Studies in Biblical Theology 11.” Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity Press, 2001. ISBN-10 0830826114
Lingenfelter, Sheerwood G. and Marvin K, Mayer. Ministering Cross-Culturally: An Incarnational Model for Personal Relationships. 2nd ed.; Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2003. ISBN-10 0801026474
*Slate, C. Philip. Lest We Forget: Mini-biographies of Missionaries from A Bygone Generation. Winona, MS: J. C. Choate Publications, 2010. Available from the author/Instructor.
*Slate, C. Philip. Missions Handbook for Local Churches. Bedford, TX: Missions Resource Network, 2008. Sections 3, 4, 5, and Appendix A. (On reserve in the Library)
Glenn Schwartz, “Is there a Cure for Dependency Among Mission-Established Institutions?” www.wmausa.org/files/Store Downloads/Final cure article
C. Philip Slate, “Short-Term vs. Long Term Missions and the Stewardship of Western Missions Money.” www.mrnet.org/conent/Documents/Library/Short-term vs. long term and the stewardship of western missions money.
Several additional items will be passed out in class or sent by e-mail that will be part of the required readings.
3. Two examinations, one mid-term and the other a final. Both examinations will consist of objective and essay sections.
4. Missionary Biography: Read and write a report (three-page, double-spaced
minimum) on a biography of a missionary. Get the biography approved by the professor. (A suggestive list of biographies will be supplied in class.) Give attention to the degree to which the subject of the biography (a) took the host culture seriously, (b) adjusted to life among the people and (c) achieved his or her goals. Due: The week following mid-term examination.
5. Articles: Read and write a 2-page reaction to any two articles in your area of interest in global evangelism. The articles may be found in issues of Evangelical Missions Quarterly, Missiology, Missio Dei or any of the Internet resources mentioned below. Give careful documentation of the article, state its general thesis, and then write your assessment of or reaction to it. Due: any time between mid-term exam and the week before final exam.
6. Cross-cultural Activities. Global evangelizing necessarily involves the crossing of cultural lines both to live and serve, domestically and internationally. To accent what you learn in class you are to engage in the following activity and report on it. Your written report will use the six points of tension in the model provided in Ministering Cross-Culturally by Sherwood G. Lingenfelter and Marvin K. Mayers (Baker, 2003).
Visit an ethnic (more then once if possible) community or church different from your past experience, noting as many cultural similarities and differences as you can. Consider a Latino, Chinese, Korean, etc. congregation. (Note: Obviously a one-time visit will not enable one to pick up on many cultural differences. Show an awareness of
this limitation. Point to things you would want to learn, given more time.) Language difference is obvious, but what other cultural differences do you see? Do not write in the presence of your hosts. Imagine yourself working in and with that culture. What
adjustments do you see you would need to make? To what extent do the cultural differences you detect seem to make sense to those enmeshed in it? Do you see any theological problems with the cultural differences? Why? Write that up in no more than ten pages. If you like, two or three of you might visit together the same group and discuss your experience before writing it up; but each person must write up his or her own reflections. Written report due any time between mid-term exam and two weeks before final examination.
8. Research Paper: Write a research paper, up to 15 pages, appropriately referenced on either (a) a missionary of the churches of Christ (check with the professor for suggestions and guidance), (b) a proposed plan for your congregation to become responsibly involved in global evangelism, (c) a specialized facet of global evangelism (like short-term work, medical missions, etc.) or d) a critical evaluation of some missions enterprise or work. Get your topic approved by the professor. Follow the latest edition of Turabian. Due: The class period before final examination.
Library Resources
If you have not taken 5990 (Advanced Theological Research) or 5770 (Research in Counseling), or took either class more than a year ago, go to the HST Web site (www.hst.edu) for information concerning library services to students. Under the
“library” tab you will find a link to and instructions for searching the HST online catalog (called Quest). There are also instructions for using the following databases available through the library: OCLC FirstSearch, EBSCOhost, Infotrac, PsycINFO, and Religious and Theological Abstracts. Contact the library for passwords to these databases. Also available are the research guides distributed in 5990 and 5770. These annotated bibliographies list basic tools you will find helpful in your research.
Grades will be computed as follows: two exams (60%), research paper (15%), missionary biography (8%), reactions to articles (7%), and cross-cultural experience (10%). Grading scale: 100-93 (A), 92-84 (B), 83-75 (C), 74-70 (D), 69 and below (F). Academic Integrity: Academic dishonesty in all its forms is inconsistent with Christian faith and practice, and will result in penalties which could include a failing grade for the assignment, a failing grade for the course, dismissal from the course, and even dismissal from the school.
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BROAD COURSE CONTENT OUTLINE I. Introduction (Jenkins, 2007; Senna & Carpenter, 2005)
II. Theological Foundations for Global Evangelization (Köstenberger & O’Brien; Wright, 2006)
A. Old Testament perspectives B. New Testament perspectives
1. Movement from Jewish beginnings to inclusion of the Gentiles 2. The fulfillment motif in the New Testament documents
C. Theological implications for the 21st century church
III. Christian evangelism in historical perspective (Neill, 1964; Marty, 2008) A. Overall schemes of interpretation (Latourette, Marty, Winter, etc.) B. Values of reading “history of missions studies”
C. Global evangelizing by churches of Christ (Elkins, 1974; Slate, 2010) 1. Pre- and Post-World War II eras
2. Advantages and pitfalls of a church-sponsored approach (Slate, Handbook, 2008; Elkins, 1974).
IV. Current issues, principles and methods (van Rheenen, 2004).
A. Church-sponsored missions: for churches who want to do it well! (Slate, Handbook, 2008; Pirolo, 1991, 2000; Collins, 1974).
B. Current world issues with which to grapple
1. Winning individuals vs. starting viable churches (McGavran, 1970; Latourette, 1948)
2. Initial evangelization and holistic work: Education, medicine, agriculture, water, etc.
3. Sending full-time workers vs. “tentmakers” (Choate, 1971; Lewis, 1993; Wilson, 2002).
4. Urbanization (Greenway & Monsma, 2000) and Migration/immigration (Spencer, 2008).
5. The stewardship of personnel and funding (Schwartz¸ 2007; Rowell, 2006; Rickett and Dotsey, 1997).
6. Encounters with major worldviews (philosophies and religions) and the adaptation-syncretism axis; conversion as a process.
7. Global evangelizing . . . . at home! “The world has come to our doorstep.” (Greenway & Monsma, 2000).
8. Promises and perils of short-term missions. 9. The evaluation imperative.
M. Div. Outcomes. The overall objective of engaging in these readings, writings, activities, examinations, and discussions is to equip the student to glorify God through doing or facilitating global evangelization. Specifically, it is hoped that in doing this the M. Div. Outcome # 5 will be achieved: Be able to integrate the scriptures and theological tradition with diverse contemporary cultural contexts.
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General
Jenkins, Philip. The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
____________ The New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Moreau, A. Scott, Gary R. Corwin and Gary B. McGee. Introducing World Missions: A Biblical, Historical and Practical Survey (Encountering Missions). Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2004.
Moreau, A. Scott, editor. Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions. “Baker Reference Library.” Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2000.
Newbigin, Lesslie. Foolishness to the Greeks: The Gospel and Western Culture. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1986.
______________ The Open Secret: Sketches for a Missionary Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1978.
_______________ The Gospel in a Pluralist Society. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1989.
Rainer, Thom S., editor. Evangelism in the Twenty-First Century. Wheaton, IL: Harold Shaw, 1989.
1 Works on missions and evangelism are legion. The George E. Day Missions Library on the campus of Yale Divinity School consists of over 130,000 volumes. This Bibliography includes select references to classical as well as current works. Items marked by an asterisk (*) are by members of churches of Christ or Independent Christian Churches.
Spencer, Stephen, editor. Mission and Migration. Calver (England): Cliff College Publishing, 2008.
Sanneh, Lammin and Joel Carpenter. The Changing Faces of Christianity: Africa, the West and the World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
______________ Disciples of All Nations: Pillars of World Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Skrest, Stanley H. Comprehending Mission: The Questions, Methods, Themes, Problems, and Prospects of Missiology. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2012. *Van Rheenen, Gailyn and Bob Waldron. The Status of Missions: A Nationwide Survey
of Churches of Christ. Abilene, TX: ACU Press, 2004. Biblical/ Theological
Abraham, William J. The Logic of Evangelism. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1989. Protestant.
Cook, Matthew, Rob Haskell, Ruth Julian and Natee Tan Champong, eds. Local Theology for the Global Church. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 2010. Corrie, John, Juan F. Martinez, Simon Chan, and Samuel Escobar, editors. Dictionary of
Mission Theology. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2007.
Goheen, Michael. A Light to the Nations: The Messianic Church and the Biblical Story. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House Academic, 2011. P. Ev.
Jeremias, Joachim. Jesus’ Promise to the Nations. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1982. Protestant
Newbigin, Lesslie. The Open Secret: An Introduction to the Theology of Mission. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1995. Prot.
O’Brien, Peter T. Gospel and Mission in the Writings of Paul: An Exegetical and Theological Analysis. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1995. P. E. Piper, John. Let the Nations be Glad: The Supremacy of God in Missions. 3rd. ed.;
Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2010 Used, audio book, or Kindle. Prot. Ev.
Rowley, H. H. The Missionary Message of the Old Testament. London: Carey Kingsgate Press, Ltd., 1944. Protestant
Scherer, James A. and Stephen B. Bevans, editors. New Directions in Missions &
Evangelization: Theological Foundations. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1994. Mixed RC and Protestant.
Senior, Donald and Carroll Stuhlmueller. The Biblical Foundations for Missions. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1983. RC.
Shenk, Wilbert R., editor. The Transfiguration of Missions: Biblical, Theological & Historical Foundations. Scottsdale, PA: Herald Press, 1993. Mennonite. Prot. Evangelical.
Skreslet, Stanley H. Picturing a Christian Witness: New Testament Images as Disciples in Mission. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 2006 Prot.
Stott, John R. Christian Missions in a Modern World. Kingsway Publications, 1986. Prot. Ev.
Tennent, Timothy C. Theology in the Context of World Christianity: how the global church is influencing the way we think about and discuss theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2007. Protestant, Ev.
Van Engen, Charles, Dean S. Gilliland, and Paul Pierson, editors. The Good News of the Kingdom. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2003. Evang.
Wright, Christopher J. H. The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible’s Grand Narrative. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2006. Prot.
History of Missions/Global Evangelism
Anderson, Gerald H., editor. Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. New York: Simon & Schuster and Prentice Hall International, 1998.
*Elkins, Phillip Y. Church-Sponsored Missions: An Evaluation of Churches of Christ. Austin, TX: Firm Foundation Publishing House, 1974.
*Granberg, Stanley, ed. 100 Years of African Missions—Essays in Honor of Wendell Broom. Abilene, TX: ACU Press, 2001.
Green, Michael. Evangelism of the Early Church. Rev. ed.; Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 2004. Prot. Ev.
Kane, J. Herbert. A Concise History of the Christian World Mission. Rev. ed.; Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1997. Prot. Ev.
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. A History of the Expansion of Christianity. 7 volumes. New York: Harper & Rowe, 1937-1945. Zondervan CEP edition, 1970.
____________________ Christianity in a Revolutionary Age. 5 Volumes. New York: Harper & Row, 1958-1960. Paternoster, 1970.
____________________ The Unquenchable Light. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1948.
Marty, Martin. The Christian World: A Global History. “Modern Library Chronicles.” New York: The Modern Library, 2008.
Neill, Stephen. A History of Christian Missions. “The Pelican History of the Church: 6.” Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1964.
Robert, Dana L. Occupy Until I Come: A. T. Pierson and the Evangelization of the World. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 2003.
Schnabel, Ekhard J. Paul the Missionary : Realities, Strategies and Methods. Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity Press, 2008.
________________ Early Christian Mission. 2 volumes. Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity Press, 2004.
Shenk, Wilber R. North American Foreign Missions, 1810-1914: Theology, Theory, and Policy. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 2004.
*Shewmaker, Sam, ed. A Great Light Dawning: Profiles of Christian Faith in Africa. Searcy, AR: Drumbeat Publications, 2002.
*Slate, C. Philip. Lest We Forget: Mini-biographies of Missionaries from A Bygone Generation. Winona, MS: J. C. Choate Publications, 2010.
Tucker, Ruth M. From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya: A Biographical History of Christian Missions. “Academie Books.” Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing Company, 1983. P.
Church and Missions/Global Evangelism
Borthwick, Paul. How to Become a World-Class Christian. Victor, 1993.
Collins, Marjorie. Who Cares about the Missionary? Chicago: Moody Press, 1974. Greenway, Roger S. and Tim Monsma. Cities: Missions New Frontier 2nd. ed.; Grand
Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2000.
*Hardin, Daniel. Missions: A Practical Approach to Church-Sponsored Missions. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1978.
Guder, Darrell L., editor. Missional Church: A Vision for the Sending of the Church in North America. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1998.
__________ The Reentry Team: Caring for Your Returning Missionary. San Diego, CA: Emmaus Road, 2000.
Rowell, John. To Give or Not To Give? Rethinking Dependency, Restoring Generosity, & Redefining Sustainability. Atlanta: Authentic Publishing, 2006.
*Slate, C. Philip. Missions Handbook for Local Churches. Bedford, TX: Missions Resource Network, 2008.
Taylor, William D., Editor. Too Valuable to Lose: Exploring the Causes and Cures of Missionary Attrition. Pasadena CA: William Carey Library, 1997.
Telford, Tom and Lois Shaw. Today’s All-Star Mission Churches: Strategies to help your Church get into the Game. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2001. Van Engen, Charles. God’s Missionary People: Rethinking the Purpose of the Local
Church. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1991.
Van Gelder, Craig. The Missional Church in Context: Helping Congregations Develop Ministry. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.,
Principles and Methods
Allen, Roland and Michael Nazar-Ali. Missionary Methods: St. Paul’s or Ours? London: Lutterworth/ Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 2006 (First edition by Allen appeared in 1912).
Allen, Roland and Michael Turnbull. The Spontaneous Expansion of the Church: And the Causes which hinder it. London: Lutterworth Press, 2006. (First edition published in 1927.)
*Choate, J. C. The Moving Christian. Winona, MS: J. C. Choate Publications, 1971. Laurie A. Fortunak and A. Scott Moreau, eds. Engaging the Church: Analyzing the
Canvas of Short-Term Missions. “An EMQ Monograph.” Wheaton, IL: Evangelism and Missions Information Service, 2008. Note: Articles from 43 years of writing on the subject.
*Hardin, Joyce. As You are Going: A Guide to Short-Term Mission. Nashville, TN: 21st Century Christian, 2001. 13 lessons curriculum for teens and adults. Harries, Jim. Vulnerable Mission: Insights Into Christian Mission to Africa from a
Position of Vulnerability. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 2011. ___________ Theory to Practice in Vulnerable Missions: An Academic Appraisal.
Hiebert, Paul. Anthropological Insights for Missionaries. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1985.
___________ The Gospel in Human Context: Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2009.
___________ Anthropological Reflection on Missionary Issues. Grand Rapids, MI:P Baker Book House, 1994.
Howell, Brian M. Short-Term Mission: An Ethnography of Christian Travel Narrative and Experience. Grand Rapids, MI: IVP Academic, 2012.
Lewis, Jonathan, editor. Working Your Way to the Nations: A Guide to Effective Tentmaking. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1993.
*McGavran, Donald A. Understanding Church Growth. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1970. (Subsequent editions have Pentecostal elements in them that McGavran would not approve.)
*_________________ Bridges of God: A Study in the Strategy of Missions. New York: Friendship Press, 1955.
Moreau, A. Scott. Contextualization in World Missions: Mapping and Assessing Evangelical Missions. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2012.
Schwartz, Glenn. When Charity Destroys Dignity: Overcoming Unhealthy Dependency in the Christian Movement. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2007.
Rickett, Daniel and Dotsey Welliver, eds., Supporting Indigenous Ministries. Wheaton, IL: Billy Graham Center, Wheaton College, 1997.
Rowell, John. To Give or Not toGivew?: Rethinking Dependency, Restoring Generosity, & Redefining Sustainability. Atlanta/London/Hyderabad: Authentic, 2006. Wilson, J. Christy. Today’s Tentmakers. Self-Support: An Alternative Model for
Worldwide Witness. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2002.
Internet Resources2
Missions Resource Network. Bedford, TX. Operated by members of churches of Christ. Many helpful articles on file. www.MRNet.org
World Missions Associates. Lancaster, PA. Operated by Glenn Schwartz of the Brethren in Christ church. Specializes in issues concerning dependency and independence among missions entities. www.wmausa.org
2 Internet resources seem to be infinite. Google “missions” or “evangelism” and be astounded. Both gems and rubbish are available.
Short Term Evangelistic Missions International. STEM. An Evangelical group that focuses on short-term evangelistic missions and has produced several useful research documents. www.stemintl.org
Billy Graham collection on missions is archived at Wheaton College. Check the collection items. www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives
The entire collection of articles, many very useful, in The Journal of Applied Missiology is available at Abilene Christian University. www.bible.acu.edu/ministry/
center_institutes/missions/page.asp?ID=272 If that fails, then pull up “Halbert Institute of Missions” and click on “Journal of Applied Missiology.”
